lockout / tagout

Lockout / Tagout1910.147

The Control of Hazardous Energy

• This standard covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the "unexpected" energization or start up of the machines or equipment, or release of stored energy could cause injury to employees.

1910.147(a)(1) Scope1910.147(a)(1) Scope

1910(a)(1)(ii) Exemptions1910(a)(1)(ii) Exemptions• Construction, agriculture and maritime employment;

• Electrical Utilities;

• Exposure to electrical hazards from work on, near,

or with conductors or equipment in electric utilization

installations, which is covered by Subpart S of this

part; and

• Oil and gas well drilling and servicing

1910.147(a)(3) Purpose1910.147(a)(3) Purpose

• Establish a program and utilize procedures for

affixing appropriate lockout devices or tagout

devices to energy isolating devices

• Prevent unexpected energization, start up or

release of stored energy in order to prevent injury

to employees

1910.147(c) General 1910.147(c) General RequirementsRequirements

• The employer shall establish a program consisting of: – Energy control procedures, – Employee training and, – Periodic inspections

• To ensure that before any employee performs any servicing or maintenance on a machine or equipment where the unexpected energizing, startup or release of stored energy could occur and cause injury, the machine or equipment shall be isolated from the energy source and rendered inoperative.

1910.147(c)(4) General 1910.147(c)(4) General RequirementsRequirements

• "Energy control procedure.”

• Procedures shall be developed, documented

and utilized for the control of potentially

hazardous energy when employees are

engaged in the activities covered by this

section.

Note: "Exception:" The employer need not document the

required procedure for a particular machine or equipment,

when all (8) of the following elements exist: •[1] The machine or equipment has no potential for stored

or residual energy or reaccumulation of stored energy after

shut down which could endanger employees •[2] the machine or equipment has a single energy source

which can be readily identified and isolated •[3] the isolation and locking out of that energy source will

completely deenergize and deactivate the machine or

equipment •[4] the machine or equipment is isolated from that energy

source and locked out during servicing or maintenance

Note: "Exception:" (continued) when all of the following

elements exist:

•[5] a single lockout device will achieve a lock-out condition

•[6] the lockout device is under the exclusive control of the

authorized employee performing the servicing or

maintenance

•[7] the servicing or maintenance does not create

hazards for other employees; and

•[8] the employer, in utilizing this exception, has

had no accidents involving the unexpected activation or

reenergization of the machine or equipment during servicing

or maintenance

1910.147(c)(4) General Requirements - 1910.147(c)(4) General Requirements - Energy Control ProcedureEnergy Control Procedure

• The procedures shall clearly and specifically outline the: – Scope, – Purpose, – Authorization, – Rules, and – Techniques to be utilized for the control of hazardous

energy, and the means to enforce compliance including, but not limited to, the following:

Energy Control ProceduresEnergy Control Procedures

• A specific statement of the intended use of

the procedure;

• Specific procedural steps for shutting

down, isolating, blocking and securing

machines or equipment to control

hazardous energy;

Energy Control ProcedureEnergy Control Procedure• Specific procedural steps for the placement,

removal and transfer of lockout devices or tagout devices and the responsibility for them; and

• Specific requirements for testing a machine or equipment to determine and verify the effectiveness of lockout devices, tagout devices, and other energy control measures

Standard Interpretations Standard Interpretations Applicability of OSHA's LOTO standards; Applicability of OSHA's LOTO standards;

isolation and verification proceduresisolation and verification procedures

• As you seem to recognize, there are two standards that are most directly applicable to the circumstance described in your letter: 29 CFR 1910.147, The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout), and 29 CFR 1910.333, Selection and use of safe work practices.

• Section 1910.147 covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which uncontrolled hazardous energy could cause injury to employees.

• Section 1910.333(b) provides procedures to protect employees who are working on or near exposed de-energized electric parts.



• Both standards mandate the use of locks and/or tags to control potentially hazardous

energy.1

Footnote(1) Lockout and tagging procedures that comply with

paragraphs (c) through (f) of §1910.147 constitute compliance

with §1910.333(b)(2), as long as the procedures address the

electrical safety hazards covered by Subpart S and incorporate

the requirements of §1910.333(b)(2)(iii)(D) and (iv)(B).

Standard Interpretations Standard Interpretations 11/16/2000 - Applicability of OSHA's LOTO 11/16/2000 - Applicability of OSHA's LOTO

standards; isolation and verification standards; isolation and verification proceduresprocedures

• Whether the authorized or qualified employee verifies

effective isolation and de-energization depends upon

the energy source.

• For example, an electric disconnect switch may

control a mechanical or an electrical energy hazard, or

both, depending on the electrical system design and

the nature of the work tasks involved.



• With respect to employees working on or near de-energized electrical utilization systems (covered by Subpart S, Electrical, standards), both the authorized employee and the qualified employee are permitted to verify that electrical equipment has been de-energized.

• However, the authorized employee would need to meet and be trained on all qualified employee requirements in 1910.331 through 1910.335 and 1910.399.

Standard Interpretations Standard Interpretations 11/16/2000 - Applicability of OSHA's LOTO 11/16/2000 - Applicability of OSHA's LOTO

standards; isolation and verification standards; isolation and verification proceduresprocedures

• The verification of isolation for mechanical hazardous energy, on the other hand, is addressed by paragraph 1910.147(d)(6).

• The authorized employee(s) must, prior to the start of work, verify that the previous steps of the energy control procedure have effectively isolated the machine or equipment.


isolation and verification proceduresisolation and verification procedures• These steps must include verification that the machine or

equipment has been turned off properly;

– That all energy isolating devices were identified, located, and operated;

– That the lockout or tagout devices (or application of a lock and tag for electrical control purposes) have been attached to energy isolating devices; and

– That stored energy has been released, discharged, and rendered safe.

Energy Control Procedure

This procedure covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment inwhich the "unexpected" energization or start up of the machines or equipment, or releaseof stored energy could cause injury to employees. The purpose of this procedure is toensure machines are completely de-energized, and employees are fully protected duringservicing or maintenance. The plant manager authorizes the use of these procedures. Ourrules call for following all the requirements set forth in OSHA regulation 1910.147 forcontrolling hazardous energy, and using the techniques outlined in Appendix A of1910.147. Employees not following these requirements will be subject to disciplinaryprocedures.

Machine Name: ______________________ Location: _________________________Equipment Number: ___________________Authorized Employee(s) _______________________ __________________________Affected Employee(s) _______________________ ___________________________

Energy Source Type Magnitude of Energy Energy Hazard Control Device_________________ __________________ _____________ _____________________________ __________________ _____________ ____________

1. Notify Affected Employee: Contact Department Supervisor to take machine offproduction schedule, and notify affected employee(s) machine will be locked out. _____

2. Machine Shutdown: Identify type and location of operator controls. ______________________________________________________________________________________

3. De-activation: Identify type and location of energy isolating devices. ____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Lock out: Apply locks to energy isolating devices.

5. Stored Energy: Identify location of stored energy source(s), and describe method(s)for dissipation or restraint. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Verify Energy Isolation: Try operator controls and return to ‘OFF’ position.

"Restoring Equipment to Service”. When the servicing or maintenance is completedand the machine or equipment is ready to return to normal operating condition, thefollowing steps shall be taken.(1) Check the machine or equipment and the immediate area around the machine toensure that nonessential items have been removed and that the machine orequipment components are operationally intact.(2) Check the work area to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned orremoved from the area.(3) Verify that the controls are in neutral.

SAMPLE

PROCEDURE

1910.147(c)(6) Periodic 1910.147(c)(6) Periodic InspectionInspection

• The employer shall conduct a periodic inspection of the energy control procedure at least annually to ensure that the procedure and the requirements of this standard are being followed

Energy Control Procedure

This procedure covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment inwhich the "unexpected" energization or start up of the machines or equipment, or releaseof stored energy could cause injury to employees. The purpose of this procedure is toensure machines are completely de-energized, and employees are fully protected duringservicing or maintenance. The plant manager authorizes the use of these procedures. Ourrules call for following all the requirements set forth in OSHA regulation 1910.147 forcontrolling hazardous energy, and using the techniques outlined in Appendix A of1910.147. Employees not following these requirements will be subject to disciplinaryprocedures.

Machine Name: ______________________ Location: _________________________Equipment Number: ___________________Authorized Employee(s) _______________________ __________________________Affected Employee(s) _______________________ ___________________________

Energy Source Type Magnitude of Energy Energy Hazard Control Device_________________ __________________ _____________ _____________________________ __________________ _____________ ____________

1. Notify Affected Employee: Contact Department Supervisor to take machine offproduction schedule, and notify affected employee(s) machine will be locked out. _____

2. Machine Shutdown: Identify type and location of operator controls. ______________________________________________________________________________________

3. De-activation: Identify type and location of energy isolating devices. ____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Lock out: Apply locks to energy isolating devices.

5. Stored Energy: Identify location of stored energy source(s), and describe method(s)for dissipation or restraint. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Verify Energy Isolation: Try operator controls and return to ‘OFF’ position.

"Restoring Equipment to Service”. When the servicing or maintenance is completedand the machine or equipment is ready to return to normal operating condition, thefollowing steps shall be taken.(1) Check the machine or equipment and the immediate area around the machine toensure that nonessential items have been removed and that the machine orequipment components are operationally intact.(2) Check the work area to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned orremoved from the area.(3) Verify that the controls are in neutral.

• (A) The periodic inspection shall be performed by an authorized employee other than the one(s) utilizing the energy control procedure being inspected

• (B) The periodic inspection shall be conducted to correct any deviations or inadequacies identified

1910.147(c)(6) Periodic 1910.147(c)(6) Periodic InspectionInspection

• The periodic inspection shall include a review,

between the inspector and each authorized

employee, of that employee's responsibilities

under the energy control procedure being

inspected

1910.147(c)(6)(i)(C) Periodic 1910.147(c)(6)(i)(C) Periodic InspectionInspection

1910.147 (c)(6)(ii) Periodic 1910.147 (c)(6)(ii) Periodic InspectionInspection

• The employer shall certify that the periodic inspections

have been performed.

• The certification shall identify:

– The machine or equipment on which the energy control

procedure was being utilized,

– The date of the inspection,

– The employees included in the inspection, and

– The person performing the inspection.

Standard Interpretations Standard Interpretations Confirmation on lockout/tagout, specifically Confirmation on lockout/tagout, specifically

with the standard covering periodic with the standard covering periodic inspectionsinspections

• These inspections shall at least provide for a demonstration of the procedures and may be implemented through random audits and planned visual observations.

Standard Interpretations Standard Interpretations Confirmation on lockout/tagout, specifically Confirmation on lockout/tagout, specifically

with the standard covering periodic with the standard covering periodic inspectionsinspections

• These inspections are intended to ensure that the energy control procedures are being properly implemented and to provide an essential check on the continued utilization of the procedures.