location based services presentation

Location Based ServicesLocation Based Services

Mobile Communications Presentation

Cristina Estorninho João Neto

June, 2010

[http://www.goimiles.com/blog]

Location Based ServicesLocation Based Services

Synopsis Introduction

What is Location Based Services1

Application Scenarios

Classification of LBS applications and services

LBS Communication Model

Geographic Information System2

Location Techniques

Global Position System3

Networked Based Positioning

Future developments

1 - Location Based Services is also referenced as LBS2 - Geographic Information System is also referenced as GIS3 - Global Position System is also referenced as GPS

IntroductionIntroduction

Recent Technologies:

Mobile users can query their environment

Applications can monitor and track remote objects

IntroductionIntroduction

With dwindling mobile services revenues of the mobile operators, location based services are seen as new growth area.

Typical LBS devices: Nokia mobile phone with Route66 routing software and Hewlett Packard

PDA with the WebPark Information System (courtesy of Swiss National Park)

[http://www.e-cartouche.ch]

What is LBS?What is LBS?

Concept that denotes applications integrating geographic location (i.e., spatial coordinates) with the general notion of services.

[http://www.tariffman.co.uk]


Timeline:

[Source: Sumi Helal, University of Florida]


Components of LBS:

[http://www.telecomcircle.com]


Horizontal Market Mobile location information is and has

always been an integral part of the business.

Airports

Taxi Companies

Police

Emergency

High-value goods delivery

Vertical Market Mobile location information is a new

and added value to existing services.

Asset Tracking

Child Tracking

Automated tool

Tourist security

Application scenariosApplication scenarios

Military and government industries:

GPS Navigation

Target tracking

Reconnaissance and Map Creation

Emergency services: Emergency telephone numbers

Commercial sector: Advertising

Fleet management

Social networking[http://www.blackberry.com]

Classification of LBS applicationsClassification of LBS applications

Person-oriented:

User-based services

Usually controlled by the user

[http://www.navizon.com]

Buddy Finder application

Classification of LBS applicationsClassification of LBS applications

Device-oriented:

Applications external to the user

Usually not controlled by the user

[http://www.trailmycar.webege.com]

Trailmycar application

Classification of LBS servicesClassification of LBS services

[http://gadgetophilia.com]

Push-Services:

user receives information as a result of his or her whereabouts without having to actively request it.

[http://www.blackberry.com]

Classification of LBS servicesClassification of LBS services

Pull-Services:

user actively uses an application and, in this context, ‘‘pulls’’ information from the network.

LBS Communication ModelLBS Communication Model

Positioning Layer: Responsible for calculating the

position of a mobile device or user.

Middleware Layer: Reduces the complexity of service

integration services added in the future

Establishes one single connection to the network

Mitigates and controls all locat

Application Layer: Comprises all services that request

location data to integrate into their offering

Spatial databasesSpatial databases

Spatial Database Systems:

Database containing sets of objects and not images or pictures of a space.

Provides a base technology for GIS and other applications

[http://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th]

Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems

GIS – Geographic Information Systems:

Hardware: data collection and data analysis.

Software: creating, editing and analyzing spatial and attribute data.

Data: information as the coordinate system, when the data was created, when it was last updated, etc.

Trained personnel: people knowledgeable in spatial analysis and skilled in using GIS software.

[http://latlabrafael.wordpress.com]

Location CategoriesLocation Categories

Location categories:

Tracking: locate an object by request.

Positioning: system of transmitters or beacons that sends out radio, infrared, or ultrasound signals for others to receive and obtain their position.

[http://www.erpsoftwarebusiness.com]

[http://bb.ustc.edu.cn]

Location TechniquesLocation Techniques

Location Techniques:

Cell of Origin (COO) Time of Arrival (TOA) Angle of Arrival (AOA)

Measure of signal strength Processing video data

Location TechniquesLocation Techniques

Location Techniques:

Triangulation Trillateration Trasversing

GPS – Global Positioning SystemGPS – Global Positioning System

Satellite Navigation:

Advantages: Positioning all around the globe

Environmental conditions independent

Highly precise position aquisition

Disadvantages: High costs with launch and

maintenance of satellites.

Indoor positioning not possible[http://www.nokia.com]


Principles of Satellite Navigation:

Exact position and distance to the satellites are needed

A minimum of three satellites are needed for triangulation

A list of working satellites is downloaded to the devices


GPS segments:

User segment

Space segment

Control segment


GPS distorting effects:

Clock errors Orbit fluctuations

[http://www.kowoma.de]


GPS distorting effects:

Atmosphere errors Multipath errors

[http://westone.wa.gov.au] [http://www.gta.ufrj.br]

Network Based PositioningNetwork Based Positioning

GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications:

Highly available around the world

Covers a large geographic area

Large number of mobile users

[http://www.forumtelemoveis.com]


MPS – Mobile Positioning System:

Precise positioning among large cells

Cooperates with standard GSM systems

Minimal modifications for installation at the communication infrastructure

[http://www.ericsson.com]


MPS position determination techniques:

Cell of Global Identity (CGI) Segment antennas Timing advance (TA)

Uplink Time of Arrival (UL-TOA)


UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunications Technology

Increased the use of data services

”Always-on” connection delivers flexibility

Higher data transfer rates will benefit LBS

[http://www.ukrtelecom.ua]

LBS Future developmentsLBS Future developments

Major challenges: Technological barriers (standardization)

Privacy and security issues

Quality of Service (QoS) problems

Access to location information

Advanced LBS middleware development for rapid creation of applications

Q & AQ & A

Thank You!Thank You!

Q & AQ & A

location based services presentation

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