lkq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ysk.k ldwy - aiggpa.mp.gov.in report/fourthannual... · 1 lh&403]...

1

lh&403] prqFkZ ry] ueZnk Hkou] 59] vjsjk fgYl]

Hkksiky&462011

Lkq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy

School of Good Governance & Policy Analysis

prqFkZ okf"kZd izfrosnu

¼01 vizSy 2010 & 31 ekpZ 2011½

Fourth Annual Report

(1st April 2010&31st March 2011)

2

fo"k; lwph

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vuq- fooj.k i`"B Øekad

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izLrkouk i

v/;k; & ,d % Ldwy dh lkekU; tkudkjh

1-1 Ldwy ds mn~ns'; 1

1-2 Ldwy dh vo/kkj.kk ¼Vision½ 2

1-3 Ldwy ds /;s; ¼Mission½ 2

1-4 Ldwy dh dk;Ziz.kkyh 2

1-5 Ldwy ds dk;ZLraHk 3

1-6 Ldwy ds dk;Z{ks= dh fn'kk;s 3

1-7 Ldwy ds ladYi 3

v/;k; & nks % o"kZ 2010&11 dh eq[; miyfC/k;kWa

2-1 bUVuZf'ki O;oLFkk 4

2-2 iz'kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gsrq dUlYVsUlh 5

2-3 foHkkxh; tkap izfØ;k dks izHkkoh cukus gsrq lq>ko 7

2-4 tufe= ;kstuk rFkk lsokfe= ;kstuk dk v/;;u 7

2-5 ijQkjesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u 9

2-6 e/;izns'k Hkw&jktLo&1959 esa la'kks/ku gsrq lq>ko 9

2-7 vkbfM;kt QkWj lh,e csclkbZV ds lq>kodrkZvksa dk lEeku 10

2-8 e/;izns'k ds fiNM+s ftyksa esa xjhc ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj gsrq 11

izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dh fo'ks"k ;kstuk dh ekWfuVfjx ,oa leUo;

dk dk;Z

2-9 iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk 11

fodkl gsrq izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ds izHkko ,oa mUu;u laca/kh

v/;;u

2-10 ,dhd`r ifjis{; ;kstuk ,oa okf"kZd Iyku cukus gsrq iapk;rh 12

jkt ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk Ldwy dk rduhdh lgk;rk

laLFkk ds :i esa p;u

2-11 e/;izns'k xzkeh.k vkftfodk ifj;kstuk ds izHkko dk vkadyu 12

2-12 'kkldh; uhfr;ksa@dk;ZØeksa dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk y{; lewg

ij muds izHkko ds vkadyu

2-12-1 tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk 12

2-12-2 cyjke rky ;kstuk 18

2-12-3 ekbØks,fjxs'ku ;kstuk 20

2-12-4 dfiy/kkjk ;kstuk 23

2-13- varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ls lg;ksx ,oa leUo; ds iz;kl 25

3

v/;k; & rhu % lsehukj@dk;Z'kkyk,sa

3-1 Moving Towards Good Governance : Dissemination of Good

Practices and Strategies for Adoption fo"k; ij ,d

fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk 26

v/;k; & pkj % foRrh; izfrosnu 27

v/;k; & ikWp % Ldwy@dksj LVkWQ dks izkIr lEeku

5-1 vkbZfM;kt QkWj lh,e csc lkbZV dks ifCyd ikfVZflis'ku

Js.kh esa ÞcscjRu vokMZ ¼flYoj vkbZdu½Þ 28

5-2 KHETI ifj;kstuk ds fy, MkW- ,l-,e- gSnj fjtoh]

lapkyd ¼uhfr fo'ys"k.k½ dh izksxzke esustesaV bLVhV~;wV

¼;w-,l-,½ }kjk ljkguk 28

v/;k; & N% dksj LVkWQ }kjk jk"Vªh Lrj ij vk;ksftr fof'k"V dk;ZØeksa

esa rduhdh ;ksxnku 29

v/;k; & lkr % Ldwy dh xofuZx ,oa ,fDtD;wfVo ckWMh

7-1 Ldwy dh xofuZx ckWMh 31

7-2 Ldwy dh ,fDtD;wfVo ckWMh 32

v/;k; & vkB% ifjf'k"V

8-1 MPRLP ds v/;;u dk lkajk'k 33

8-2 o"kZ 2010&11 esa baVuZ }kjk fd;s x;s v/;;u dh lwph 41

4

izLrkouk

lq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy dh LFkkiuk 7 flrEcj] 2007 dks gqbZA o"kZ

2010&2011 ds nkSjku Ldwy }kjk lapkfyr bUVuZf’ki Ldhe ds varxZr fd;s x;s v/;;u

gsrq 'kkldh; foHkkxksa }kjk vkSj vf/kd :fp yh xbZ vkSj v/;;u vk/kkfjr ykHk Hkh

vuqHko fd;s x;sA iz’kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gsrq Ldwy ds dk;Zdkjh fudk; ds

vuqeksnu ls iz’kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gsrq dalYVsalh dk dk;Z iw.kZ fd;k x;kA

lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx ds izLrko vuq:Ik foHkkxh; tkWap izfdz;k dks izHkkoh cukus laca/kh

lq>ko izsf"kr fd;s x;sA

dsUnz ljdkj }kjk ykxw ijQkesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u

dj bldks jkT; 'kklu esa ykxw fd, tkus ds laca/k esa lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx ls izkIr

i= ds vk/kkj ij Ldwy }kjk bl flLVe dk v/;;u dj bls ykxw fd;s tkus ds

laca/k esa izLrko eq[; lfpo egksn; ds fopkjkFkZ izLrqr fd;k x;kA bl vuqØe esa

lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx }kjk lHkh foHkkxksa esa ijQkesZal izca/ku gsrq dk;Zokgh fd;s tkus

ds funsZ’k izlkfjr fd;s x;sA xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ,lth,lok;

varxZr e/;izns’k ds fiNM+s ftyksa esa xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou ;kiu dj jgs csjkstxkj

;qod@;qofr;ksa dks l?ku izf'k{k.k ds ek/;e ls Lojkstxkj fn;s tkus gsrq izf’k{k.k

dk;ZØe dh fo’ks"k ifj;kstuk ds fy, ekWfuVfjx ,oa ,O;wys'ku laLFkk ds :Ik esa dk;Z

dj Ldwy }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx }kjk Ldwy dks

lkSais x;s iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk fodkl dk;ZØe

dk ewY;kadu fd;k tk jgk gSA iapk;rh jkt ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk e/;izns’k ds

06 ftyksa ¼vuwiiqj] neksg] fM.Mksjh] dVuh] flouh ,oa 'kgMksy½ dh ,dhd`r ifjizs{;

;kstuk ,oa okf"kZd Iyku cukus gsrq Ldwy dk rduhdh lgk;rk laLFkk ds :i esa p;u

fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk ij xr 6 ekg ls dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA ^^e/;izns'k xzkeh.k

vkftfodk ifj;kstuk** ds izHkko dk vkadyu djus gsrq v/;;u iw.kZ fd;k x;kA Ldwy

}kjk 'kkldh; uhfr@dk;ZØekas dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk y{; lewg ij muds izHkko ds

vkadyu laca/kh mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ gsrq dk;Zdkjh fudk; ds vuqeksnu mijkUr izkjfEHkd

rkSj ij vke turk ls tqM+h gqbZ pkj ;kstukvksa ij dk;Z fd;k x;kA

i

5

csolkbZV www.ideasforcm.in ds ek/;e ls ekpZ 2011 rd yxHkx 3800

vkbZfM;kt+ izkIr gq, gSaA vHkh rd 12 vkbZfM;kt+ dk fØ;kUo;u gsrq p;u eku~uh;

eq[;ea=hth }kjk fd;k x;kA eku~uh; eq[;ea=hth }kjk fnukad 07 fnlEcj 2010 dks

p;fur lq>kodRrkZvksa dk lEeku Hkksiky esa vk;ksftr lekjksg esa fd;k x;k gSA

Dissemination of Good Practices and Strategies for Adoption fo"k; ij ,d fnolh;

dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fnukad 29 ebZ 2010 dks lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx] e/;izns'k

'kklu] rFkk Ldwy] ds la;qä rRok/kku esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA dk;Z'kkyk esa vizsy

2010 esa iz/kkuea=h mRd`"Vrk iq:Ldkj ls lEekfur 08 csLV izsfDVlsl rFkk e/;izns'k

jkT; dh p;fur 02 csLV izsfDVlsl dk izLrqfrdj.k fd;k x;kA csLV izsfDVlsl ds

izLrqfrdj.k mijkar eq[; lfpo] e/;izns'k 'kklu egksn; dh v/;{krk esa fo'ks"k ppkZ

l= "Exploring Areas for Adoption, Adaption and Up Scaling of Good Practices in the Context

of Madhya Pradesh" fo"k; ij vk;ksftr fd;k x;k] ftles e/;izns'k 'kklu ds ofj"B

vf/kdkjh ,oa vU; jkT;ksa ls vk;s izfrfuf/k;ksa dh lgHkkfxrk jghA

Ldwy ds fodkl esa ekuuh; eq[;ea=h] e/;izns’k 'kklu ,oa Ldwy dh 'kklh

fudk; ds v/;{k rFkk eq[; lfpo] e/;izns’k 'kklu ,oa Ldwy dh dk;Zdkjh fudk; ds

v/;{k egksn; ds fo’ks"k ekxZn’kZu ,oa izksRlkgu ds fy, ge vR;aRk vkHkkjh gSA

¼,p-ih- nhf{kr½

Ekgkfuns’kd

ii

http://www.ideasforcm.in/

1

v/;k; & ,d

Ldwy laca/kh lkekU; tkudkjh

1-1 Ldwy ds mn~ns'; &

e/;izns'k 'kklu] lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx ds vkns’k Øekad ,Q

11&8@2007@1@9 Hkksiky] fnukad 7 flrEcj 2007 }kjk lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k

Ldwy dh Hkksiky esa LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA lq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy ds eq[;

mn~ns'; fuEufyf[kr gSa%&

lq’kklu ds {ks= esa oSf’od ,oa LFkkuh; (Global-Local) ifjis{; esa fFkad VSad ds :i

esa dk;Z djukA 'kkldh; uhfr;ksa dk fo’ys"k.k rFkk y{; lewg ij muds izHkko

dk vkadyu djukA

lq’kklu ds fofHkUu vk;keksa dk fo’ys"k.k djuk] leL;kvksa dks fpfUgr dj mudk

lek/kku lq>kuk] dk;Z ;kstuk cukuk rFkk mUgsa fØ;kfUor djus esa lgk;rk

djukA

mRd`"V dk;Z ,oa fof/k;ksa rFkk bZ&iz’kklu ds dk;ZØeksa dk ladyu dj mudk

foLrkj.k djukA

izpfyr iz’kklfud O;oLFkkvksa esa lq/kkj ,oa muds Lo:i esa vko’;d ifjorZu

laca/kh ijke’kZ nsukA

,sls {ks=ksa dks fpfUgr djuk] ftuesa ifjorZu ,oa lq/kkj ls iz’kklfud ifj.kkeksa rFkk

miyfC/k;ksa ij vf/kdre~ ldkjkRed izHkko iM+rk gksA

iz’kklu dks tu&dsfUnzr cukus ds fy, LFkkuh;] jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrZjk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa

rFkk lac) fgrxzkgh;ksa ds fy, eap miyC/k djkukA

LFkkuh; fudkvksa] jkT;ksa] jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrZjk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ds fy;s dk;ZØeksa dh

lajpuk ,oa lapkyu] ,D'ku fjlpZ ,oa iz’kklfud lq/kkj dk;ZØeksa ds fy;s

rduhdh ijke’kZ ,oa lsok;sa miyC/k djkukA

2

1-2 Ldwy dh vo/kkj.kk (vision) &

“lq'kklu tks Lkcdks leku volj iznku djs ,oa ftldk y{; izR;sd O;fDr ds

thou Lrj esa lq/kkj ykuk gksA"”

(“Equal opportunity to all through Good Governance geared to improve the

quality of lives of our People”).

1-3 Ldwy ds /;s; (mission) &

“Knowledge Resource Hub vkSj Repository ds fuekZ.k ,oa vU; ek/;eksa }kjk

lq'kklu ds fy, izsj.kk vkSj izksRlkgu ds fodkl dk iz;kl] lqfu'fpr djuk]

ftlls 'kklu dks vf/kd ikjn'khZ] lgHkkxh] tudY;k.k dsfUnzr rFkk ftEesnkj

vkSj lqn`<+ cuk;k tk lds" A

("Develop Knowledge Resource Hub and Repository and other strategies, to

motivate and encourage strengthening of Good Governance which is more

transparent, participative, accountable and focused on improving the quality of

lives of our people").

1-4 Ldwy dh dk;Ziz.kkyh &

lapkyd lq'kklu (Director Governance), lapkyd uhfr fo'ys"k.k (Director Policy

Analysis) rFkk lapkyd izcU/ku (Director Knowledge Management),

ifj;kstuk@dk;ZØe leUo;d@vuqla/kku la;qDr@’kks/kdÙkkZ (Project/ Programme

Coordinators / Research Associates/ Research Fellows), rFkk iz'kklfud LVkQ ds

lg;ksx ls Ldwy dk dk;Z laikfnr gksxkA ifj;kstukvksa ls lacaf/kr fof’k"V

ijke’kZnk;h fo’ks"kK @ lykgdkj (Distinguished Specialists / Advisors), fof'k"V Qsyks

@ dUlyVsaV (Distinguished Fellows/Consultants) laLFkkxr@ ,Dlpsat dk;ZØe Qsyksa

(Institutional Fellows, Exchange Programme Fellows) rFkk dk;Z{ks= vuqHkoh fo’ks"kK

(Experts with Field Experience) ls Hkh lg;ksx fy;k tk;sxkA

3

1-5 Ldwy ds dk;Z LraHk &

'kks/k] uhfr fo'ys’k.k ,oa fodkl

lq'kklu ds fy, {kerk ds fodkl dks izksRlkgu

izca/ku rduhfd;ksa dk lq'kklu dss fy;s mi;ksx

1-6 Ldwy ds dk;Z{ks= dh fn'kk,W &

'kklu esa uokpkj

lsokvksa esa lq/kkj vkSj grassroots rd foLrkj

'kklu dk fodsUnzhdj.k

varjkZ"Vªh; ifjis{; esa LFkkuh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

'kklu esa vke lekt dh lk>snkjh

bZ&'kklu

lq'kklu ds fy, knowledge hub vkSj repository dk fuekZ.k

leku mn~ns';ksa okyh vU; jk"Vªªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªªh; laLFkkvksa ls lg;ksx ,oa

leUo; dh LFkkiuk

lq'kklu dks izksRlkgu

1-7 Ldwy ds ladYi &

lq'kklu laca/kh uhfr;ksa ds ikyu esa 'kklu dks lg;ksx iznku djus ds fy,

Ldwy ladfYir gSA

Ldwy fofHkUu foHkkxksa] laLFkkvksa ,oa fo'ks’kKksa ds lkFk feydj lq'kklu LFkkfir

djus dks izksRlkfgr djsxkA

vke vkneh dh ftanxh csgrj cukus ds iz;klksa esa Ldwy lg;ksxh gksxkA

&&00&&

4

v/;k; & nks

o"kZ 2010&11 dh eq[; xfrfof/k;kWa

2-1 bUVuZf'ki O;oLFkk&

'kklu ra= ls vkbZ-vkbZ-,e ,oa vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- tSlh [;kfr izkIr laLFkkvksa ds fo"k;

fo'ks"kKkas dks tksMus gsrq Ldwy }kjk o"kZ 2009 ls baVuZf'ki O;oLFkk ykxw dh xbZ gSA bl

O;oLFkk ds varxZr izfro"kZ vf/kdre 20 bUVuZ dk p;u mijksDr laLFkkvksa ds eq[;r%

,e-ch-,-@,e-Vsd- f}rh; o"kZ ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls fd;k tkrk gSA p;u dh izfdz;k

fuEukuqlkj lapkfyr gksrh gSA

bUVuZf'ki O;oLFkk dh tkudkjh ekg flrEcj esa lHkh foHkkxksa dks izsf"kr djrs gq,

vkxkeh vizSy ls tqykbZ ds varjky esa v/;;u gsrq ;kstukvks laca/kh izLrko izkIr

fd;s tkrs gSA

Ldwy dh osclkbZV ij izdkf'kr foKkiu ds vk/kkj ij bPNqd baVuZ }kjk fu/kkZfjr

izi= ij jk"Vªh; Lrj dh [;kfr izkIr laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls vkosnu Ldwy dks

izsf"kr fd;s tkrs gSA

baVuZ dh ;ksX;rk vkSj :fp dks /;ku esa j[krs gq;s laacaf/kr foHkkx ds uksMy

vf/kdkjh rFkk Ldwy ds dksj LVkQ }kjk izkFkfed :Ik ls pqus x;s vkosndksa dk

ohfM;ks&dkaQzsal@VsyhQksu ds ek/;e ls lk{kkRdkj ds i’pkr~ p;u fd;k tkrk

gSA

'kkldh; foHkkxksa }kjk fpfUgr ;kstukvksa ds v/;;u ds fy;s baVuZ dh esUVfjax

vkSj muds rFkk uksMy vf/kdkjh ds chp leUo; dk dk;Z Ldwy ds dksj LVkQ

}kjk fd;k tkrk gSA

ekg vizSy ls tqykbZ ds chp fofHkUu foHkkxksa dh uhfr;ksa@dk;ZØeksa dk v/;;u

dj izR;sd baVuZ }kjk vius lq>ko ,d fjiksVZ ds :i esa uksMy vf/kdkjh vkSj

Ldwy ds dksj LVkQ ds ek/;e ls lacaf/kr foHkkx dks izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA

5

o"kZ 2009 rFkk 2010 esa dqy 39 baVuZ }kjk v/;;u laca/kh fjiksVZ iw.kZ dh xbZA

dqN foHkkxksa }kjk bu fjiksVksZ ds vk/kkj ij vkxkeh dk;Zokgh ykHkizn Hkh fl) gqbZ gSA

o"kZ 2011 esa bUVuZf'ki O;oLFkk varxZRk ns'k dh fofHkUu [;kfr izkIr laLFkkvksa ls 200 ls

vf/kd vkosnu izkIr gq, gS] ftuesa ls dqy 20 vkosndksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA bl

izdkj vcrd vkbZ- ,e- bUnkSj] vkbZ- vkbZ- ,e- y[kuÅ] vkbZ- vkbZ- Vh- dkuiqj] vkbZ-

vkbZ- Vh- fnYyh] vkbZ- vkbZ- ,Q- ,e- Hkksiky] vkbZ- vkj- ,e- ,- vkuUn- ,Dl- vkbZ-

,e- Hkqous'oj] vkbZ- vkbZ- Vh- enzkl vkfn laLFkkvksa ds baVuZ dks fofHkUu 'kkldh;

;kstukvksa ls tksM+us dk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z laikfnr gks ldk gSA

o"kZ 2011 gsrq pqus x;s bUVuZ uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl foHkkx] ty lalk/ku

foHkkx] ou foHkkx] vkokl ,oa i;kZoj.k foHkkx] iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx]

m|kfudh foHkkx] i'kqikyu foHkkx] ÅtkZ fodkl fuxe ,oa ueZnk ?kkVh fodkl

izkf/kdj.k ls lacfa/kr ;kstukvksa@uhfr;ksa] dk v/;;u djsaxsA

2-2 iz'kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gsrq dUlYVsUlh&

izns'k ds fodkl gsrq ,oa 'kklu dks tu dsfUnzr cukus ds fy, jkT; 'kklu }kjk

fo'ks"k iz;kl fd, tk jgs gSaA blh dM+h esa jkT; 'kklu }kjk fpfUgr lkr izkFkfedrkvksa

ij izHkkoh dk;Zokgh djus ds fy, lkr LFkk;h dk;Zny cuk, x, Fks] ftuesa lq'kklu ,oa

lalk/ku fodkl dk;Zny Hkh ,d FkkA bl dk;Zny }kjk ppkZ ds nkSjku ik;k x;k fd

'kkldh; dk;ksaZ esa foyac dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k ea=h ,oa foHkkx ds izeq[k

lfpo@lfpo ds e/; dk;ksaZ dk Li"V foHkktu u gksuk ,oa izeq[k lfpo@lfpo rFkk

foHkkxk/;{k Lrj ij iz'kklfud ,oa foRrh; vf/kdkjksa dk mfpr izR;k;kstu ugha gksuk

gSA vr% dk;Zny ds v/;{k }kjk bu fo"k;ksa ij lq>ko nsus ds fy, lykgdkj fu;qDr

fd, tkus ckcr~ Ldwy dks ys[k djrs gq, Jh fouksn pkS/kjh] vij eq[; lfpo

¼lsokfuo`Rr½ ds uke dh vuq'kalk dh xbZ FkhA

Ldwy }kjk dk;Zdkjh fudk; ds vuqeksnu ls Jh fouksn pkS/kjh] vij eq[; lfpo

¼lsokfuo`Rr½ dks mijksDr fo"k; ij dalyVsalh dk;Z ekg uoEcj 2009 esa lkSaik x;k FkkA

VElZ vkWQ fjQjsUl vuqlkj dUlYVsUlh gsrq fuEu eqn~ns fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s Fks&

6

v- ea=h] izeq[k lfpo ,oa lfpo ds chp dk;ksZ dk Li"V foHkktu% 'kkldh; dk;ksa esa

foyEc dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k foHkkxh; ea=h ,oa foHkkx ds izeq[k lfpo@lfpo

ds e/; dk;ksaZ dk Li"V foHkktu u gksuk Hkh gSA ;fn foHkkxh; ea=h ,oa izeq[k

lfpo@lfpo ds e/; dk;ksaZ dk Li"V caVokjk fd;k tk, rks uk dsoy 'kkldh;

dk;ksaZ esa rsth vk,xh cfYd fookn dh ifjfLFkfr;kW Hkh de fufeZr gksaxhA

dUlyVsaV }kjk bl laca/k esa dk;Z ds Li"V caVokjs gsrq izLrko rS;kj fd;k

tk,xkA

c- izeq[k lfpo@lfpo ,oa foHkkxk/;{k dks LFkkukarj.k@O;; gsrq vf/kdkjksa dk

izR;k;kstu% orZeku O;oLFkk esa yxHkx lHkh dk;ksaZ gsrq ufLr;k¡ fu.kZ; gsrq foHkkxh;

ea=h rd tkrh gSA bl O;oLFkk ds dkj.k tgka jkstejkZ ds dk;Z izHkkfor gksrs gSa

ogha nwljh vksj uhfrxr igyqvksa ij fopkj gsrq mPp Lrj ij i;kZIr le;

miyC/k ugha gksrk gSA vr% dk;ksaZ dh rRijrk ds fy, vko';d gS fd foHkkxk/;{k

Lrj ,oa izeq[k lfpo@ lfpo Lrj ij iz'kklfud ,oa foRrh; vf/kdkjksa dk

izR;kjksi.k fd;k tk,] ftlls fd mPp Lrj ij uhfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k ,oa mudh

leh{kk gsrq i;kZIr le; miyC/k gks ldsA dUlyVsaV }kjk bl laca/k esa izLrko

rS;kj fd;k tk,xkA

l- e/;izns'k 'kklu ds dk;Z fu;eksa esa la'kks/ku% e/;izns'k 'kklu }kjk vius dk;Z

fu;e cuk, x, gS ,oa bu dk;Z fu;eksa esa vko';drkuqlkj la'kks/ku Hkh fd, x,

gSA ysfdu vHkh Hkh ;s dk;Z fu;e dbZ txg lq&Li"V ugha gksus ls fu.kZ; ysus esa

foyac gksrk gSA dUlyVsaV }kjk dk;Z fu;eksa dk v/;;u dj mudks lq&Li"V

cukrs gq, tgkW vko';d gks] la'kks/ku dk izLrko rS;kj fd;k tk,xk ftlls

fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k esa Li"Vrk vk, ,oa fu.kZ; 'kh?kz gks ldsA

n- ea=ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh iqfLrdk esa la'kks/ku% ea=ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh iqfLrdk ewy

:i ls 1960 ds vklikl rS;kj dh xbZ FkhA cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa ifjos'k rFkk

lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ds c<rs mi;ksx dks ns[krs gq, ea=ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh iqfLrdk esa

iqujh{k.k vko';d gks x;k gS] ftlls fd fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k ljy gks ,oa

fu.kZ; ysus esa xfr vk,A dUlyVsaV }kjk ea=ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh iqfLrdk esa

vko';drkuqlkj la'kks/ku dk izLrko rS;kj fd;k tk,xkA

7

Jh fouksn pkS/kjh }kjk vxLr 2010 dks **iz'kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj** ds laca/k

esa viuk izfrosnu ¼nks Hkkxksa esa½ Ldwy dks lkSaik x;k gSA izFke Hkkx esa VElZ vkWQ

fjQjsal ds fcUnqvksa ij lq>ko fn, x, gSaA f}rh; Hkkx esa VElZ vkWQ fjQjsal ds laca/k

esa vU; iMkslh jkT;ksa& egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr] jktLFkku ,oa mRrj izns'k jkT; ls izkIr dh

xbZ foRrh; 'kfDr;ksa ,oa muds dk;Zfu;eksa laca/kh tkudkjh gSA Ldwy }kjk izfrosnu

vfxze dk;Zokgh gsrq lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx dks izsf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

2-3 foHkkxh; tkap izfØ;k dks izHkkoh cukus gsrq lq>ko&

lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx }kjk foHkkxh; tkWp dh izfØ;k dks fdl izdkj ljy]

izHkkoh ,oa Rofjr fujkdj.k ds ;ksX; cuk;k tk,] bl laca/k esa e/;izns'k flfoy lsok

¼oxhZdj.k] fu;a=.k ,oa vihy½ fu;e&1966 esa la’kks/ku rFkk vU; lq>ko nsus dk dk;Z

Ldwy dks lkSaik x;k FkkA

Ldwy }kjk bl laca/k esa dsUnzh; lrZdrk vk;ksx] jkT; 'kklu }kjk tkjh fofHkUu

funsZ'kksa ,oa vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsok ¼MhflfIyu ,oa vihy½ :y 1969 dk voyksdu fd;k

x;k gSA voyksdu mijkar e/;izns'k flfoy lsok ¼oxhZdj.k] fu;a=.k ,oa vihy fu;e

1966½ ds fofHkUu izko/kkuksa esa la'kks/ku izLrkfor fd;s x;sA blds lkFk gh foHkkxh; tkap

izfØ;k ls lacaf/kr fcUnqvksa ;Fkk& fuyacu dks ltk ds crkSj bLrseky u fd;k tkuk]

nks"k@vfu;ferrk vuqlkj tkWp izfØ;k dk fu/kkZj.k] yfEcr foHkkxh; tkWp dh

ekWfuVfjax gsrq lk¶Vos;j] foHkkxh; tkWp vk;qDr dk;kZy; dk lqn`<hdj.k] foHkkxh;

tkWp gsrq lafonk vk/kkj ij lsokfuo`Rr vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lsok,sa ysuk ,oa yksd lsok vk;skx

ls vko';d leUo;] ij vius lq>ko fn;s x;ss gSA Ldwy }kjk viuk izfrosnu vDVwcj

2010 esa lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx dks lkSik x;k gSA

2-4 tu fe= ;kstuk ¼Xokfy;j½ rFkk lsok fe= ;kstuk ¼flouh½ dk v/;;u&

vke ukxfjdksa dks csgrj <++x ls lsok;sa iznk; djus ds fy;s ftyksa esa vyx&vyx

<+x ls iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA blh dM+h esa ftyk/;{k Xokfy;j }kjk tufe= ;kstuk

rFkk ftyk/;{k flouh }kjk lsokfe= ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA jkT; 'kklu }kjk lsok

iznk; iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj gsrq tufe= ;kstuk] ¼Xokfy;j½ rFkk lsokfe= ;kstuk ¼flouh½ esa

8

fd;s x;s iz;ksx dk v/;;u djus ,oa buds laiw.kZ jkT; esa foLrkj djus dh ;kstuk

rS;kj djus ds fy, Ldwy ds usr̀Ro esa fuEukuqlkj ny dk xBu fd;k x;k gS %&

1- lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy }kjk ukekafdr izfrfuf/k&Jh vf[kys’k vxZy]

lapkyd ¼lq’kklu½ ,oa Jh lkSjHk caly] dk;ZØe leUo;d ¼Kku izca/ku½]

2- lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx }kjk ukekafdr izfrfuf/k&Jh ,y-ds- frokjh] ofj"B

egkizca/kd] e/;izns’k bysDVªksfud fodkl fuxe] Hkksiky ,oa

3- Jh jktho 'kqDyk] izf'k{k.k lapkyd] iz'kklu vdkneh] Hkksiky

jkT; 'kklu }kjk xfBr ny }kjk flouh rFkk Xokfy;j ftys dk Hkze.k dj ogka

ds ftyk dysDVj ,oa lacaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ppkZ dh xbZA lkFk gh nksuksa ftyksa esa

lsok iznk; gsrq LFkkfir fd;s x;s dqN dsUnzksa dk Hkh fujh{k.k fd;k x;k ,oa vke

ukxfjdksa ls Hkh dsUnzksa dh mi;ksfxrk ds laca/k esa ppkZ dh xbZA Ldwy }kjk mDr nksuksa

iz;ksxksa dk v/;;u dj buds foLrkj dh dk;Z;kstuk ij izfrosnu uoEcj 2010 esa

lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx dks lkSaik x;k gSA

izfrosnu esa lsokfe= ekWMy flouh dks vf/kd mi;qDr ikrs gq, blds vk/kkj ij

lsok iznk;xh gsrq iwjs izns'k esa O;oLFkk ykxw fd;s tkus dh vuq'kalk dh xbZ gSA lkFk gh

vkWuykbZu vkosnu@f'kdk;r izkIr djus ,oa izkIr vkosnuksa@f'kdk;rksa ds fujkdj.k ds

fy, jkT; Lrj ij lkWQV~os;j rS;kj djus] lsokfe= dsUnzks ds ek/;e ls iznk; dh tkus

okyh lsokvksa ds fy, ,d:irk dh n`f"V ls jkT; Lrj ls lsok 'kqYd fu/kkZfjr djus]

lsokfe= dsUnzks dks xzkeh.k {ks=ks esa i;kZIr dk;Z miyC/k djkus dh n`f"V ls rFkk budh

fujarjrk cuk, j[kus ds fy, bUgsa fofHkUu foHkkxksa }kjk MkVk ,UVªh lsaVj ds :i esa

ekU;rk nsus] lkeqnkf;d lsok dsUnzks dks iwjs izns'k esa lsok iznk;xh ds fy, dsUnz fcUnq

cukus ,oa fofHkUu foHkkxksa }kjk lsok iznk;xh ds fy, lapkfyr dk;kZy;ksa dks /khjs&/khjs

de fd;s tkus] e/;izns'k yksd lsokvksa ds iznku dh xkjaVh vf/kfu;e 2010 ds rgr

lHkh lsok fe= dsUnzks ij bl vf/kfu;e ds rgr vkosnu izkIr djus dh O;oLFkk djus]

lsok iznk;xh esa vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, Hkfo"; esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx djrs gq,

fMftVy flXuspj ds vk/kkj ij izek.k i= tkjh fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk] jkT; Lrj ij

lsokvksa dh iznk;xh dh ekWfuVfjax ,oa leUo; gsrq ,d lsy yksd lsok izca/ku foHkkx

vFkok lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy esa cuk;s tkus dh vuq'kalk dh xbZ gSA

9

2-5 ijQkesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u&

eku~uh; iz/kkuea=h }kjk flrEcj 2009 esa lHkh dsUnzh; foHkkxksa ds fy, ijQkesZl

ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dh :ijs[kk dk vuqeksnu fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlds

vuqØe esa lHkh dsUnzh; foHkkxksa }kjk ÞfjtYV Ýse MkD;wesaVÞ rS;kj dj lHkh jkT;ksa dks

Hkh bl fn'kk esa dk;Zokgh fd;s tkus dh lykg nh xbZ FkhA dsUnz ljdkj }kjk ykxw

fd;s x, ijQkesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u dj bldks e/;izns'k

jkT; esa ykxw fd, tkus ds laca/k esa eq[; lfpo egksn; us Ldwy ls vfHker pkgk FkkA

Ldwy }kjk ijQkesZl ekWfuVfjx ,.M bosyq,'ku flLVe dk v/;;u dj bls ykxw fd;s

tkus ds laca/k esa Vhi eq[; lfpo egksn; ds fopkjkFkZ izLrqr dh xbZA Ldwy }kjk rS;kj

dh xbZ Vhi ds vuqØe esa lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx }kjk lHkh foHkkxksa esa ijQkesZal izca/ku

gsrq dk;Zokgh fd;s tkus ds funsZ’k izlkfjr fd;s x;sA

2-6 e/;izns'k Hkw&jktLo lfgrk 1959 esa la'kks/ku gsrq lq>ko&

fofHkUu Lrjksa ij jktLo U;k;ky; esa yafcr jktLo izdj.kksa ds 'kh?kzrk ls

fujkdj.k ds mn~ns'; ls e/;izns'k Hkw&jktLo lafgrk ds v/;k;&4] ftlesa jktLo

inkf/kdkjh ,oa jktLo U;k;ky;ksa dh izfØ;k vkSj v/;k;&5] ftlesa vihy] iqujh{k.k ,oa

iquZfoyksdu ds izko/kku of.kZr gSa] esa la'kks/ku fd;s tkus dh vko';drk jkT; 'kklu

}kjk eglwl dh xbZ FkhA

jkT; 'kklu }kjk e/;izns'k Hkw&jkTkLo lafgrk 1959 esa la'kks/ku gsrq lq>ko nsus

ds fy, lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy dks dk;Z lkSaik x;k FkkA Ldwy }kjk bl

dk;Z gsrq lsokfuo`Rr fof/k Lukrd jkTkLo vf/kdkfj;ksa& MkW- Ogh-lh- voLFkh] lsokfuo`Rr

vij dysDVj] Jh vkj-lh- lDlsuk] lsokfuo`Rr la;qDr dysDVj ,oa Jh vkj-lh-

JhokLro] lsokfuo`Rr la;qDr dysDVj dh lfefr cukdj bl dk;Z dks lEiUu fd;k

x;k gSA Hkw&jktLo lafgrk esa la'kks/ku gsrq dqN vk;qDr ,oa ftyk/;{k ls Hkh lq>ko pkgs

x, FksA lfefr }kjk e/;izns'k Hkw&jktLo lafgrk 1959 esa la'kks/ku gsrq viuk izfrosnu

vDVwcj 2010 esa izLrqr fd;k x;k ftls vfxze dk;Zokgh gsrq jktLo foHkkx dks izsf"kr

fd;k x;k gSA

10

2-7 ^^vkbfM;kt+ QWkj lh,e^^ csolkbZV ds lq>kodRrkZvksa dk lEeku&

vke turk dks lq'kklu ,oa fodkl dh oSpkfjd izfdz;k ls O;kid :i ls tksM+us

,oa buds vuqHko vkSj Kku ds vikj Hk.Mkj dk ykHk izns'k ds fodkl dh izfdz;k esa ysus

ds fy, Ldwy }kjk ^^vkbfM;kt+ QkWj lh,e^^ osclkbZV dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gS ftldk

mn~?kkVu eku~uh; eq[;ea=hth }kjk fnukad 19-01-2009 dks fd;k x;k FkkA bl osclkbZV

ds ek/;e ls fo'o ds fdlh Hkh fgLls ls lq'kklu ,oa fodkl ds laca/k esa lq>ko izsf"kr

fd;s tk ldrs gSaA

izkIr vkbZfM;kt ds fo'ys"k.k ,oa vuqJo.k dh iwjh izfØ;k vkWuykbZu j[kh xbZ

gSA ukxfjdksa }kjk fdlh vkbZfM;k dks izsf"kr djrs gh mUgsa bZ&esy ds ek/;e ls

vkbZfM;k izkIr gksus dh lwpuk nh tkrh gSA vkbZfM;k dh izkjafHkd Nkuchu ds mijkar

;fn vkbZfM;k vfxze fo'ys"k.k gsrq mi;qDr ik;k tkrk gS rks ml vkbZfM;k dks

iathd`r dj lacaf/kr foHkkx dks vfHker gsrq vkWuykbZu izsf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh

lq>kodrkZ dks Hkh bZ&esy ds ek/;e ls mlds lq>ko ds iath;u dh lwpuk nsrs gq,

,d vkbZ&Mh ,oa ikloMZ fn;k tkrk gS] ftlds ek/;e ls lq>kodrkZ mlds vkbZfM;k

ij le;≤ ij dh xbZ dk;Zokgh dh fLFkr tku ldrk gSA ;fn izkjafHkd Nkuchu

ds mijkar vkbZfM;k vfxze fo'ys"k.k gsrq mi;qDr ugha ik;k tkrk gS rks ml fLFkr esa

Hkh lq>kodrkZ dks bZ&esy ds ek/;e ls lwpuk nh tkrh gSA iathd`r vkbZfM;k ij

foHkkx dk vfHker izkIr gksus ds mijkar iqu% vkbZfM;k dk ijh{k.k ,d lfefr }kjk

fd;k tkrk gSA rnksijkar vkbZfM;k ds fØ;kUo;u ds laca/k esa ekuuh; eq[;ea=hth dh

v/;{krk esa fu.kZ; fy;k tkrk gSA bl fu.kZ; ds laca/k esa Hkh lq>kodrkZ dks bZ&esy ds

ek/;e ls lwfpr fd;k tkrk gSA

bl csolkbZV dks www.ideasforcm.in ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ekpZ 2011 rd bl

osclkbZV ds ek/;e ls yxHkx 3800 vkbZfM;kt+ izkIr gq, gSaA vHkh rd 12 vkbZfM;kt+

dk fØ;kUo;u gsrq p;u fd;k x;k gSA eku~uh; eq[;ea=hth }kjk fnukad 07 fnlEcj

2010 dks p;fur lq>kodRrkZvksa dk lEeku Hkksiky esa vk;ksftr lekjksg esa fd;k x;k

gSA

http://www.ideasforcm.in/

11

2-8 e/;izns’k ds fiNM+s ftyksa esa xjhc ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj gsrq izf’k{k.k

dk;ZØe dh fo’ks"k ifj;kstuk dh ekfuVfjax ,oa leUo; dk dk;Z&

xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ,lth,lok; varxZr e/;izns’k ds

fiNM+s ftyksa esa xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou ;kiu dj jgs csjkstxkj ;qod@;qofr;ksa dks

l?ku izf'k{k.k ds ek/;e ls Lojkstxkj fn;s tkus gsrq izf’k{k.k dk;ZØe dh fo’ks"k

ifj;kstuk Lohd`r dh xbZ gS ;kstuk dh dqy ykxr jkf'k :- 1496-00 yk[k gS] ftlesa

dsUnzka'k jkf'k :- 1122-00 yk[k ,oa jkT;ka'k jkf'k :- 374-00 yk[k gSA ifj;kstuk dh

vof/k nks o"kZ gS ,oa ifj;kstuk vof/k esa 12 ftyksa ds 10]000 ;qokvksa@;qofr;ksa dks 9

VªsM esa jkstxkjksUeq[kh izf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk gSA ;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u ÞfØLiÞ (Centre for

Research and Industrial Staff Performance) }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA ifj;kstuk varxZr 09

VªsM& 1- jsMhesM xkjesaV esfdx] 2- lsYl ,oa ekdsZfVx] 3- flD;ksfjVh lfoZl] 4- dEI;wVj

gkMZos;j fjis;j ,oa esUVsusUl] 5- csfld bysfDVªf'k;u] 6- MkVk ,UVªh vkWijsVj] 7- e'khu

esdsfud] 8- vkVkses'ku bUthuh;fjx] 9- gs.MhØkQ~V] esa izf'k{k.k fn;k tk,xkA

lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy dks bl ifj;kstuk ds fy, ÞekWfuVfjx ,oa

,O;wys'ku laLFkkÞ ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;k x;k gS ,oa fØ;kUo;u laLFkk ÞfØLiÞ dks

ifj;kstuk jkf'k dk iznk; Ldwy ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk,xkA ifj;kstuk dh izFke fdLr

ÞfØLiÞ dks iznk; dh tk pqdh gSA orZeku esa fgrxzkfg;ksa dk p;u ,oa vkthfodk ,oa

dkS'ky mUu;u dsUnzks dh LFkkiuk dk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA

2-9 iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk fodkl gsrq

izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze ds izHkko ,oa mUu;u laaca/kh v/;;u&

iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx varxZr egkRek xkW/kh jkT; Lrjh; xzkeh.k

fodkl laLFkku }kjk iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dh {kerk

fodkl gsrq izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze ds izHkko dk ewY;kadu djus ,oa izf’k{k.k fof/k ds mUu;u

ds laca/k esa vuq’kalk nssus ds dk;Z Ldwy dks lkSais x;s gSA Ldwy }kjk v/;;u dh izfØ;k

'kq: dh xbZ gS] ftls vkxkeh 6 ekg esa iw.kZ fd;k tk;sxkA

12

2-10- ,dhd`r ifjis{; ;kstuk ,oa okf"kZd Iyku cukus gsrq iapk;rh jkt

ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk Ldwy dk rduhdh lgk;rk laLFkk ds :i

esa p;u&

iapk;rh jkt ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk e/;izns’k ds fy, rduhdh lgk;rk

laLFkkvkssa ds p;u gsrq jk"Vªh; Lrj ij izLrko ekaxs x;s FksA e/;izns’k ds 06 ftyksa

¼vuwiiqj] neksg] fM.Mksjh] dVuh] flouh ,oa 'kgMksy½ dh ,dhd`r ifjizs{; ;kstuk ,oa

okf"kZd Iyku cukus gsrq Ldwy ds izLrko dks pqurs gq, rduhdh lgk;rk laLFkk ds :i

esa p;u fd;k x;k gSA ;g dk;Z vkxkeh ,d o"kZ esa iw.kZ fd;k tkuk gSA

2-11- e/;izns'k xzkeh.k vkftfodk ifj;kstuk ds izHkko dk vkadyu&

iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx varxZr ^^e/;izns'k xzkeh.k vkftfodk

ifj;kstuk** ds izHkko dk vkadyu djus gsrq v/;;u ^^Assesment of the

improvement in quality of life of Madhya Pradesh Rural Livelihood Project

(MPRLP) beneficiaries** lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy }kjk iw.kZ fd;k x;k A

bl v/;;u dk lkjka’k ifjf’k"V&8-1 ij miyC/k gSA

2-12- 'kkldh; uhfr@dk;ZØekas dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk y{; lewg ij muds

izHkko ds vkadyu&

lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy }kjk 'kkldh; uhfr@dk;ZØekas dk fo'ys"k.k

rFkk y{; lewg ij muds izHkko ds vkadyu laca/kh mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ gsrq dk;Zdkjh

fudk; ds vuqeksnu mijkUr vke turk ls tqM+h gqbZ fuEu ;kstukvksa ij dk;Z fd;k

x;k&

1- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstukA

2- cyjke rykc ;kstukA

3- ekbØks,fjxs'ku ;kstukA

4- dfiy/kkjk ;kstukA

mijksDr ;kstukvksa dk laf{kIr v/;;u lakjk'k fuEukuqlkj gS %&

2-12-1 tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk &

Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izofrZr ,oa foRr iksf"kr **tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk** ns'k esa 12

vizSy] 2005 ls izkjaHk dh xbZA e/;izns'k esa **tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk** 15 vxLr] 2005 ls

lapkfyr gSA bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; laLFkkxr izlo dks izksRlkfgr dj xjhc

efgykvksa esa ekr`&e`R;qnj ,oa uotkr f'k'kq&e`R;qnj dks de djuk ,oa mUgsa lqjf{kr

13

ekr`Ro iznku djuk gSA ;kstukUrxZr laLFkkxr izlo djkus ij fgrxzkgh dks xzkeh.k {ks=

esa :- 1400 ,oa 'kgjh {ks= esa :- 1000 dh izksRlkgu jkf'k dk izko/kku gSA lkFk gh izsjd

ds fy, xkzeh.k {ks= esa :- 350 ,oa 'kgjh {ks= esa :- 200 dk izko/kku gSA izlo gsrq

vLirky tkus ds fy, ifjogu O;; dh :- 250 rd dh izfriwfrZ dk izko/kku Hkh

;kstuk esa 'kkfey gSA

**tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk** dks izns'k esa lapkfyr gq, yxHkx iWkp o"kZ iw.kZ gks pqds

gSaA vr% vko’;drk gS fd ;kstuk ds izHkkoksa dk Øec} rjhds ls v/;;u fd;k tk,A

orZeku v/;;u dk eq[; mn~ns'; ykHkkFkhZ efgykvksa] vU; fgrc) lewg esa ;kstuk ds

izfr tkx:drk dk Lrj] izlo dh lw{e ;kstuk ds fdz;kUo;u dh fLFkfr] vk'kk dh

Hkwfedk ,oa lsok iznk; iz.kkyh dh izHkko'khyrk dk v/;;u djuk ,oa lsok iznk; iz.kkyh

esa lq/kkj gsrq lq>ko nsuk gSA

v/;;u gsrq izns'k ds izR;sd laHkkx ls ,d&,d ft+ys dk p;u] o"kZ 2009&10

dh laLFkkxr izlo la[;k ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa iWakp ftys ,sls fy;s x;s gS

tgWak laLFkkxr izlo dh la[;k de gS ,oa iWakp ftys ,sls tgWak laLFkkxr izlo la[;k

T;knk gSA blh vk/kkj ij izR;sd ftys ls nks&nks fodkl[k.Mksa dk p;u ,oa js.Me

vk/kkj ij izR;sd fodkl[kaM ls nks xzkeksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA bl izdkj 10 ftyksa

ds 40 xzkeksa esa v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA p;fur ftys fHk.M] Xokfy;j] mTtSu] bUnkSj]

jk;lsu] cSrwy] lkxj] e.Myk] lruk ,oa mefj;k gSaA v/;;u esa p;fur xzkeksa esa

foRrh; o"kZ 2008&09 ,oa 2009&10 esa izlo izfØ;k ls xqt+j pqdh leLr efgykvksa dks

'kkfey djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA ftu efgykvksa us 'kkldh; laLFkkvksa ¼vLirky½

esa fMysojh djkbZ gS] mUgsa ykHkkFkhZ dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gS ,oa ftudh fMysojh ?kj ij

gqbZ gS] mUgsa xSj ykHkkFkhZ dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA fpfUgr xzkeksa esa inLFk leLr vk'kk

Hkh v/;;u esa 'kkfey dh xbZa gSA ;kstuk ds izHkko dk vkadyu eq[; :i ls iz'ukoyh

,oa lewg ppkZ ij vk/kkfjr gSA ykHkkFkhZ] xSj ykHkkFkhZ ,oa vk'kk ds fy, vyx&vyx

iz'ukoyh dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA

dqy 1516 mRrjnkrkvksa dks v/;;u esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS ftuesa 1248

ykHkkFkhZ] 233 xSj ykHkkFkhZ ,oa 35 vk'kk mRrjnkrk 'kkfey gSA mRrjnkrkvksa dh

lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd izfLFkfr dk fooj.k fuEukuqlkj gS%&

14

mRrjnkrk tkfroxZ

¼izfr'kr esa½

vk;qoxZ

¼izfr'kr esa½

f'k{kk

¼izfr'kr esa½

Js.kh

¼izfr'kr esa½

vtk

vttk

fi oxZ

lkkek

15&19 o"kZ

20&24 o"kZ

25&29 o"kZ

30&34 o"kZ

35&39 o"kZ

> 40 o"kZ

vf'kf{kr

iWakp

oh

vkBoh

gkbZLdwy

gk;jlsds.Mjh

Lukrd@

vf/kd

,ih,y

chih,y

ykHkkFkhZ 23 19 46 12 02 49 38 10 01 0 37 23 25 10 04 01 61 39

xSjykHkkFkhZ 26 31 34 09 02 42 39 15 02 0 46 29 18 07 0 0 48 52

vk'kk 18 11 40 31 0 0 45 29 20 06 0 10 46 29 09 06 & &

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa@xSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds ifr dh vk; dk eq[; L=ksr [ksrh ,oa etnwjh gSA

vkSlru 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd ykHkkfFkZ;ksa@xSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds ifr dh vk; :i;s 1500

izfrekg gS] 25 izfr'kr dh 1501&3000] 10 izfr'kr dh :i;s 3001&5000] 6 izfr'kr

dh :i;s 5001&10000 ,oa 3 izfr'kr dh :i;s 10001 ls vf/kd gSA 30 izfr'kr

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk ,d cPpk] 38 izfr'kr ds 2] 19 izfr'kr ds 3 ,oa 13 izfr'kr ds 4 ;k

vf/kd cPps gSaA vk'kk ds cPpksa ds fo'ys"k.k vuqlkj 15 izfr'kr ds 1 cPpk] 32 izfr'kr

ds 2 cPps] 29 izfr'kr ds 3 cPps ,oa 24 izfr'kr ds 4 ;k vf/kd cPps gSaA

v/;;u vuqlkj ykHkkfFZk;ksa] xSj ykHkkfFZk;ksa ,oa leqnk; esa ;kstuk ds izfr

tkx:drk dk Lrj vPNk ik;k x;k gSA ykHkkFkhZ efgykvksa ds lkFk&lkFk 95 izfr'kr

xSj ykHkkFkhZ efgykvksa dks ;kstuk ds foRrh; izko/kku ds laca/k esa tkudkjh gSA

;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dh fLFkfr dk v/;;u djus ij ik;k x;k gS fd ;kstuk

ds fofHkUu igyqvksa tSls&tPpk cPpk j{kk dkMZ cuuk] vkaxuckM+h esa iath;u ¼95

izfr'kr½] izlo iwoZ tkWp ¼90 izfr'kr½] xHkZorh efgykvksa ds Vhdkdj.k ¼95 izfr'kr½]

vk;ju@QWkfyd ,flM xksfy;ksa ds lsou ¼85 izfr'kr½] fMysojh mijkUr ,d ?kaVs ckn

Lruiku djkus ¼83 izfr'kr½s] f'k'kqvksa ds Vhdkdj.k ,oa iks"k.k vkgkj izkIr djus ¼87

izfr'kr½ dh fLFkfr vPNh jgh gSA ijUrq ;kstuk dh Hkkouk ds vuq:i 3 ekg esa iath;u

ek= 60 izfr'kr efgykvksa dk gh gqvk gS ,oa 30 izfr'kr efgykvksa }kjk izlo iwoZ rhu

tWakp ugha djkbZ xbZ gSa] ftlds fy;s tuizfrfuf/k;ksa ,oa vk'kk] vkaxuckM+h dk;ZdrkZ ,oa

vU; ek/;eksa ls bl laca/k esa tkx:drk ds fy;s izpkj&izlkj dh vko';drk gSA

15

ftu xHkZorh efgykvksa }kjk vk;ju@QWkfyd ,flM xksfy;ksa dk lsou ugha fd;k

x;k gS] muesa ls yxHkx 35 izfr'kr efgykvksa }kjk bldk dkj.k xksfy;Wak izkIr u gksuk

crk;k x;k gSA blh izdkj ftu efgykvksa }kjk iks"k.k vkgkj izkIr ugha fd;k x;k gS

mUgksaus iks"k.k vkgkj izkIr u djus dk izeq[k dkj.k vkaxuckM+h dsUnz dh fuokl ls

T;knk nwjh gksuk ¼40 izfr'kr½@vkaxuckM+h dsUnz dk u gksuk rFkk nwljk izeq[k dkj.k

bl laca/k esa tkudkjh u gksuk ¼36 izfr'kr½ crk;k gSA vr% vk;ju@QWkfyd ,flM

xksfy;ksa dh miyC/krk ,oa vkaxuckM+h dsUnzksa ds laca/k esa mfpr O;oLFkk cukus ,oa iks"k.k

vkgkj ds laca/k esa vksj vf/kd izpkj&izlkj dh vko';drk gSA

vk'kk esa ;kstuk dh foRrh; ,oa rduhdh tkudkjh dh le> lkekU; rkSj ij

vPNh ikbZ xbZ gSA mUgsa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks feyus okyh izksRlkgu jkf'k] xHkZorh efgykvksa ds

iath;u] tPpk&cPpk j{kk dkMZ cukus ds mn~ns';] izlo iwoZ tkWap dh vko`fRr ,oa tWakp

ds igyqvksa] uotkr dks tUe ds ,d ?kaVs ckn gh izFke Lruiku djkus ,oa f'k'kqvksa ds

Vhdkdj.k ds laca/k esa vPNh tkudkjh gSA ijUrq dqN fo"k;ksa tSls ?kj ij fMysojh gksus

¼chih,y Js.kh ,oa nks thfor larkuksa ij½ ij feyus okyh vkfFkZd lgk;rk] fpfUgr

vLirkyksa ,oa tuuh ,Dlizsl ds uacj ds ckjs esa rqyukRed :i ls de tkudkjh ikbZ

xbZ gSA

vk'kk esa muds nkf;Roksa ds laca/k esa le> lkekU; rkSj ij vPNh ikbZ xbZ gS]

ijUrq muds dqN nkf;Ro tSls&xHkZorh efgyk dks vko';d izek.k&i= izkIr djus esa

lgk;rk] f'k'kq tUe@e`R;q dh lwpuk fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh dks nsuk] izlo ds lkr fnu

i'pkr ekrk dh tkWp lqfuf'pr djuk] ds laca/k esa rqyukRed :i ls de le> ikbZ

xbZ gSA 80 izfr'kr ls vf/kd vk'kk }kjk xHkZorh efgykvksa ds fpUgkadu ds fy, x`gHksaV

dk rjhdk viuk;k tkuk ;kstuk dh Hkkouk ds vuq:i gSA 50&60 izfr'kr izdj.kksa esa

vk'kk }kjk loZizFke xHkZorh efgyvksa ls HksaV djus] mudks vLirky ,oa MWkDVj ds ckjs

esa tkudkjh nsus] vLirky esa fMysojh djkus ds fy, izsfjr djus] fMysojh ds fy,

vLirky ysdj tkus ,oa izlwrk ds lkFk vLirky esa :dus esa Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ xbZ g]S

tcfd bu dk;ksZa esa vk'kk dh gh eq[; Hkwfedk gSA vr% vko';drk gS fd bu Hkwfedkvksa

ds fuoZgu gsrq vk'kk dks vksj izsfjr fd;k tk; ,oa le;≤ ij fjQzs'kj dkslZ

vk;ksftr fd;s tk,a ftlls mudh tkudkjh v|ru gksrh jgsA fjÝs'kjdkslZ esa ^^U;wVªh'ku

16

,.M pkbZYM ds;j** ,oa ^^QwM ,.M U;wVªh'ku** tSls dkslZ] tks bafnjk xka/kh vksiu

fo'ofo|ky; }kjk fMLVsaV yfuZax ds ek/;e ls pyk, tkrs gSa] dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk

ldrk gSA xzkeokfl;ksa ls lewg ppkZ ,oa vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ppkZ ds nkSjku ;g ckr mHkj

dj lkeus vkbZ gS fd tks vk'kk laiUu ifjokjksa ls fu;qDr gqbZ gSa] ¼fo'ks"k :i ls lkxj

,oa jk;lsu ftys esa½ muds }kjk viuh Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu iwjh yxu ls ugha fd;k tkrk

gSA vk'kk dk ,d nkf;Ro ifjokj fu;kstu ds fy;s ykHkkFkhZ dks izksRlkfgr djuk gS]

ijUrq v/;;u vuqlkj 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd vk'kk ds rhu ;k rhu ls vf/kd cPpsa gSaA

vr% vk'kk ds p;u esa bu fcUnqvksa dks /;ku esa j[ks tkus dh vko';drk gSA

;kstuk dh Hkkouk ds vuq:i 80 izfr'kr ls vf/kd xHkZorh efgykvksa dk

Vhdkdj.k vkaxuokM+h dsUnz ij gqvk gSA 70 izfr'kr ls vf/kd efgykvksa dks izlo iwoZ

tWakp djkus ds fy, nks fdyksehVj ls vf/kd dh nwjh r; djuh iM+rh gSA blh izdkj

fMysojh djkus ds fy, Hkh 70 izfr'kr ls vf/kd efgykvksa dks 5 fdyksehVj ls vf/kd

dh nwjh r; djuh iM+rh gSA izloiwoZ tWakp ds fy, yxHkx 45 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk

gh miLokLF; dsUnz ,oa izkFkfed LokLF; dsUnz dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk ,oa 28 izfr'kr

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsUnz dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk rFkk fMysojh ds fy,

37 izfr'kr efgykvksa }kjk lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsUnz ,oa 18 izfr'kr efgykvksa }kjk

ftyk fpfdRlky; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk bl ckr dh vksj bafxr djrk gS] fd mi

LokLF; dsUnzksa ,oa izkFkfed LokLF; dsUnzksa dks vkSj vf/kd lqn`<+ fd;s tkus dh

vko';drk gSA

tuuh ,Dlizsl lqfo/kk ek= 27 izfr'kr ,oa 108 okgu lqfo/kk ek= 3 izfr'kr

ykHkkfFkZ;ksasa dks gh miyC/k gks ldh gSA 'ks"k 70 izfr'kr ykHkkFkhZ viuh O;oLFkk ls

vLirky x, gSa ,oa vLirky tkus esa 48 izfr'kr efgykvksa ds 200 :-] 38 izfr'kr

efgykvksa ds 300&400 :- rFkk 14 izfr'kr efgykvksa ds 500 :- ;k mlls T;knk jkf'k

[kpZ gqbZ gSA bl izdkj 70 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk viuh O;oLFkk ls vLirky tkuk bu

lsokvksa dks vkSj vf/kd O;ofLFkr fd;s tkus dh vko';drk iznf'kZr djrk gSA okguksa

dh ekfuVfjax gsrq th-ih-,l- ¼Global Positioning System½ ds mi;ksx ij fopkj fd;k tk

ldrk gSA

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds vf/kdak'k ¼96 izfr'kr½ izdj.kksa esa fMysojh ulZ }kjk djkbZ xbZ gSA

ijUrq xSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa ek= 33 izfr'kr efgykvksa dh fMysojh izf'kf{kr nkbZ }kjk djkbZ

17

xbZ gS ,oa 42 izfr'kr izdj.kksa esa ifjokj ds lnL; ,oa 25 izfr'kr izdj.kksa esa nkbZ }kjk

fMysojh djkbZ xbZ gS] tks fd lqjf{kr ekr`Ro dh n`f"V ls mfpr ugha gSA

vLirky esa fMysojh djkus ij ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk O;; ¼nokbZ;kW] jgus] [kkusihus]

MkWDVj dh Qhl vkfn½ fofHkUu ftyksa esa vyx&vyx jgk gSA vkSlr :i ls ykHkkFkhZ dk

vLirky esa fMysojh djkus ij O;; yxHkx :i;s 800 jgk gSA vLirky esa fMysojh

djkus ij de O;; gksus dk ,d dkj.k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk vLirky esa 03 fnu ls de

:duk gSA

;kstukuqlkj lqjf{kr ekr`Ro gsrq izlwrk dks 3 fnu vLirky esa :duk pkfg,

ijUrq izlo mijkUr 41 izfr'kr efgyk,a ek= ,d fnu ,oa 36 izfr'kr efgyk,a nks fnu

gh vLirky esa :dh gSaA ek= 21 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk gh izlo mijkar rhu fnu

vLirky esa :duk bl ckr dks n'kkZrk gS fd LokLF; dsUnzksa dks vkSj vf/kd lqfo/kk;qDr

cuk;k tk, rkfd yksx lqfo/kkvksa@lsokvksa ls vkd`"V gksdj LokLF; dsUnzksa ij vk,a u

fd flQZ vkfFkZd ykHk ds ykyp esa vk,aA lsokvksa dh igqWap c<+kus ds fy;s uflZax LVWkQ

ds fjDr inksa dh iwfrZ] iyax ,oa LFkku dh i;kZIr O;oLFkk fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA

lewg ppkZ ds nkSjku ;g ckr mHkj dj lkeus vkbZ gS fd dbZ ckj uflZax LVkWQ@iyax

dh deh ds dkj.k vLirky }kjk izlwrk dks fu/kkZfjr le;kof/k ds iwoZ gh fMLpktZ dj

fn;k tkrk gSA

ek= 24 izfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ks dks vLirky ls fMLpkZt gksrs le; izksRlkgu jkf'k

izkIr gqbZ gS] tcfd 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks izlo ds 7 fnuksa ds mijkar gh

izksRlkgu jkf'k izkIr gks ldh gSA blh izdkj ek= 40 izfr'kr vk'kk dks gh izlo fnuakd

ls 7 fnu ds vUnj izksRlkgu jkf'k izkIr gqbZ gSA 25 izfr'kr ls vf/kd vk'kk dks ;g

jkf'k izlo fnuakd ls 15 fnu ls ,d ekg ds vUnzj izkIr gqbZ gS ,oa 23 izfr'kr vk'kk

dks izksRlkgu jkf'k izkIr gksus esa ,d ekg ls T;knk dk le; yxk gSA

;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa v/;;u gsrq p;fur ftyksa esa dkQh fHkUurk ifjyf{kr

gqqbZ gSA mefj;k] lruk] lkxj ,oa fHk.M ftys esa ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dh fLFkfr

rqyukRed :i ls de izHkkoh jgh gSA ;kstuk dh izHkko'khyrk c<+kus ds fy;s mfpr

gksxk fd ,d lkW¶Vos;j rS;kj fd;k tk;s ftlls ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dh leh{kk

xHkZorh efgykokj@xzkeokj@ftysokj dh tk ldsA 'kklu funsZ'kksa ds vuq:i fgrxzkfg;ksa

18

dh lwph LokLF; dsUnzksa ds uksfVl cksMZ ij pLik gksuh pkfg,] tks fd lkekU;r% ugha

ikbZ xbZ gSA vr% bl laca/k esa leqfpr dk;Zokgh fd;s tkus dh vko';drk gSA

f'k{kk ds Lrj dk ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u ds fofHkUu igywvksa tSls tPpk&cPpk

j{kk dkMZ cuus] iks"k.k vkgkj izkIr djus vkfn ij /kukRed izHkko dks ns[krs gq;s

vko';d gS fd xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa f'k{kk ds izpkj&izlkj ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk;s] ftlls

fofHkUu lsokvksa dh izHkko'khyrk vius vki c<+ tk;sxhA

2-12-2- cyjke rky ;kstuk&

cyjke rky ;kstuk dks LFkk;h vk/kkj ij o"kkZ ty ds laj{k.k ds }kjk d`f"k

xfrfof/k;ksa dks leFkZu nsus ds fy, o"kZ 2007 es fØ;kfUor fd;k x;k FkkA 31 ekPkZ

2010 rd 7518 fdlku bl ;kstuk ls ykHkkfUor gks pqds gSA

orZeku v/;;u dks cyjke rky ;kstuk ds izHkko ds vk¡dyu ds fy, fuEu mn~ns’;ksa

ds rgr fd;k x;kA

;kstuk dh igq¡p ,oa foLrkj dk v/;;uA

ykHkkFkhZ;ksa }kjk d`f"k mRiknu esa o`f) dk v/;;uA

lsokiznk; iz.kkyh dh izHkko'khyrk ,oa iznk; iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj ds fy, dkjdksa dh

igpku djukA

bl v/;;u ds varxZr fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa uker% d`f"k foHkkx] jkT; d`f"k foLrkj

izf'k{k.k ,oa v/;;u laLFkku ¼fl,V½ Hkksiky] ;kstuk ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ,oa xzke iapk;r

izfrfuf/k;ksa dh jk; ds vk/kkj ij ;kstuk ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa ,oa bldh mi;ksfxrk dk

v/;;u fd;k x;kA bl v/;;u ds varxZr xq.kkRed ,oa la[;kRed rjhdksa dk

bLrseky fd;k x;kA v/;;u ds nkSjku ;kstuk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa tSlsa fd d`f"k

mRiknu esa o`f)] flapkbZ ds fy, ikuh dh miyC/krk] ;kstuk esa lq/kkj bR;kfn ds fy,

foLr̀r iz'ukoyh dk fuekZ.k dj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ij ijh{k.k fd;k x;kA v/;;u ds fy;s

ijiflo ,oa jSUMe uewuhdj.k dh enn ls izR;sd d`f"k& tyokq; {ks= ls ,d ftyk

fy;k x;kA bl izdkj >kcqvk] /kkj] fNanokM+k] ckyk?kkV] cyjke rky ;kstuk dk izHkko

vkadyu eaMyk] flouh] tcyiqj] Hkksiky] Xokfy;j] Nrjiqj] [kjxksu ftyksa ls dqy 169

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk foLr̀r losZ{k.k v/;;u ds nkSjku fd;k x;kA

19

fdlku dY;k.k ,oa d`f"k fodkl foHkkx }kjk vf/kdrj ftyksa esa ;kstuk dks lQy

cukus dh fn’kk esa ldkjkRed iz;kl fd, x, gaSA ftyksa esa vis{kkd`r de LVkQ gksus ds

ckotwn Hkh ;kstuk dh igq¡p ftyk eq[;ky; ls dkQh nwj rd ikbZ xbZA foHkkx ds

fofHké Lrj ds deZpkfj;ksa tSls fd losZ;j] xzkeh.k d`f"k fodkl vf/kdkjh] d`f"k fodkl

vf/kdkjh] ofj"B d`f"k fodkl vf/kdkjh] lgk;d Hkwfe laj{k.k vf/kdkjh dh Hkwfedk bl

;kstuk dks lQy cukus esa egRoiw.kZ jghaA eaMyk] flouh] ckyk?kkV] tcyiqj ftyksa esa

nqxZe LFkkuksa ij rkykc dk fuekZ.k djkus esa foHkkx }kjk d`"kdksa dks lrr~ lg;ksx iznku

djuk] ;kstuk dh lQyrk dk eq[; dkj.k jgk gSA

cyjke rky cuus ds Ik’pkr~ flapkbZ ds ikuh dh d`f"k ds fy, miyC/krk dqN ftyksa

dks NksM+dj lkekU;r% lHkh ftyksa esa c<+h gSA blds lkFk gh lkFk [kjhQ] jch ,oa tk;n

dh Qlyksa esa fofHké le; esa ikuh nsus dh vko`fÙk esa Hkh o`f) gqbZ gSA bl rjg d`f"k

lw[kk ¼,xzhdYpj Mªk¡V½ dks de djus dh fn'kk esa cyjke rky ;kstuk dk egRoiw.kZ

;ksxnku gSA flapkbZ ds ikuh dh lrr~ miyC/krk gksus ds dkj.k] vf/kdrj ftyksa esa

Qly mRiknu esa o`f) gqbZ gS tks [kjhQ ,oa jch dh Qlyks esa ns[kh xbZA bl ;kstuk

dh vU; egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k;ksa esa ikuh dh miyC/krk ds QyLo:i] d`f"k lgk;d

O;olk;ksa dks leFkZu feyuk gSA buesa izeq[k :i ls eRL; ikyu] lCth mRiknu bR;kfn

lfEefyr gSaA bu lgk;d O;olk;ksa esa [kkldj] flouh] eaMyk ,oa ckyk?kkV ftyksa esa

d`"kdksa dk O;kid :>ku ns[kk x;k A ftlds QyLo:i [ksrh esa vk; ds vykok] vU;

O;olk;ksa ls d`"kdksa dh vk; esa o`f) gqbZ gSA ;kstuk ds varxZRk Lo;a ds [ksr esa rkykc

gksus ds dkj.k] le; dh cpr ,oa [ksrksa esa ikuh igq¡pkus dh ykxr esa] deh ns[kh xbZA

cyjke rky ;kstuk dk Hkw&ty lao/kZu] ijrh tehu dks d`f"k ;ksX; cukus] tehu dh

mitkÅ {kerk c<+kus dh fn'kk esa ldkjkRed izHkko ik;k x;kA gk¡ykfd cyjke rky

;kstuk dk foLrkj ftysa ds van:uh xkaoksa esa ns[kk x;k] vfirq ;kstuk dh igqap

lkekU;r% cM+s d`"kdksaa rd gh lhfer gSA ;kstuk ds varxZr ykxr /kujkf'k vR;f/kd

gksus ds dkj.k lhekar d`"kd bl ;kstuk dk ykHk ysus esa lkekU;r% oafpr jg tkrs gSaA

gk¡ykfd ;kstuk esa izFke vkos izFke ikos ds vk/kkj ij vkoaVu dk izko/kku gS] ijUrq

;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u es ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk yxk;s tkus okyss /ku ds vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k

lkekU;r% lEié d`"kd bldk vf/kdrj ykHk ys ikrs gSa] ftlls ftys okj y{; rks iwjk

20

fn[krk gS ijarq bles xjhc d`"kdks dh Hkkxhnkjh de jgrh gSA ;kstuk esa d`"kdksa dks cSad

}kjk _.k nsus dk izko/kku gS] ftlls fd lhekar ,oa NksVs d`"kdksa dks ;kstuk dk ykHk

fn;k tk ldsaA gk¡ykfd bl lanHkZ esa cSad }kjk _.k nsus ds dksbZ Hkh mnkgj.k lkeus

ugha vk;saA ;g ;kstuk lhekar ,oa NksVs d`"kdksa ds fy, bl fn'kk ls Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS fd

de Hkwfe gksus ds dkj.k os lrr~ :i esa] T;knk ls T;knk Qlyksa ds fy, ikuh dk

mi;ksx dj ldsaxsA blds fy, foHkkx }kjk bl lanHkZ esa cSad ds ek/;e ls d`"kdksa dks

fo'ks"kdj lhekar d`"kdksa dks _.k miyC/k djkus dh fn'kk esa iz;kl djus pkfg,A

cyjke rky ;kstuk ds vkoaVu ds lkFk gh lkFk t:jr ean d`"kdksa dks jk"Vªh; [kk|

lqj{kk fe'ku ¼,u-,Q-,l-,e-½ ds varxZr iEi dk Hkh vkoaVu Hkh gksuk pkfg,] ftlls

fd d`"kdksa dks nksckjk vuko';d dkxth izfØ;kavksa esa le; O;FkZ u djus iM+sA ;kstuk

ds lq/kkj ds laca/k esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ,oa foHkkx ds deZpkfj;ksa ls v/;;u ds nkSjku ifjppkZ

esa vuqnku jkf'k dk de gksuk O;kid :i esa fudy dj lkeus vk;kA vuqnku jkf'k dk

fu/kkZj.k izpfyr lh-,l-vkj- njksa ds vuqlkj fd;k tkuk T;knk okLrfod izrhr gksrk

gSA blds lkFk gh lkFk dqN ftyksa tSals fd >kcqvk] Xokfy;j esa feV~Vh dh ikuh lks[kus

dh vR;f/kd {kerk gksus ds dkj.k ty l axzg.k dh bl ;kstuk dk ykHk mn~ns’;ksa ds

vuq:Ik ykFkkfFkZ;ksa dks ugha fey ldk gSA bl lanHkZ esa ;kstuk dh lacaf/kr

tuin@Cykd esa fØ;kUo;u ls igys e`nk dh mi;ksfxrk dk ijh{k.k fd;k tkuk vfr

vko';d gSA

2-12-3 ekbØks,fjxs'ku ;kstuk&

Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ekbØksbfjxs’ku ;kstuk foRrh; o"kZ 2005-06 ds ekg tuojh

2006 ls Lohd`r dh xbZ rFkk e/; izns’k esa bl ;kstuk dks blh o"kZ ls ykxw fd;k

x;kA

;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; ^ekbØksbfjxs’ku }kjk iSnkokj c<+kuk rFkk ty ds

mi;ksx esa ferO;;rk ykuk gSA ekbØzksbfjxs’ku ;kstuk ,d lgk;rk O;oLFkk gS] ftlds

vUrxZr fdlku dks ikS/kksa dh O;oLFkk djus ls ysdj Qly ds iwoZ dk izcU/ku rFkk

foi.ku rd lHkh Lrjksa ij lgk;rk miyC/k djokbZ tkrh gSA bl izdkj ;kstuk ds }kjk

mUur d`f"k mRFkku gsrq lHkh igyqvksa tSls vPNh d`f"k izFkkvksa] Qlyksijkar gSUMfyax rFkk

21

foi.ku ij lesfdr :i ls /;ku nsuk vko';d gSA ty lalk/kuksa dk fodkl rFkk ty

izca/ku ds ek/;e ls dq¡vksa dk vPNh rjg ls iquHkZj.k Hkh ;kstuk dk egRoiw.kZ vo;o gSA

;kstuk dh izfr O;fDr dh dqy ykxr dks orZeku esa dsUnzz ljdkj] jkT; ,oa

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk ,d fuf’pr vuqikr esa ogu fd;k tkrk gSA vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa

tutkfr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s dsUnz }kjk dqy ykxr dk 40 izfr’kr] jkT; ljdkj }kjk

40 izfr’kr rFkk ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk 20 izfr’kr ogu fd;k tkrk gSA tcfd lkekU; oxZ ds

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ;g vuqikr dze’k% 40 izfr’kr] 30 izfr’kr rFkk 30 izfr’kr gSA

orZeku v/;;u dks ekbdzksbfjxs’ku ;kstuk ds izHkko vkadyu ds fy, fuEu

m}ss’;ksa ds rgr fd;k x;k gS %&

ekbØzksbfjxs'ku ;kstuk ds izlkj] izHkko ¼Hkwfe mi;ksx esa cnyko]iSnkokj esa o`f)]

Je rFkk buiqV esa deh vkfn½ dk vk¡dyu djukA

;kstuk dks izHkkoh :i ls ykxw djus ds fy;s izfØ;kRed dfBukbZ;ksa rFkk

fØ;kUo;u ,stsUlh dh izHkko'khyrk dk irk yxkukA

lsokiznk; iz.kkyh dh izHkko'khyrk ,oa iznk; iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj ds fy, dkjdksa dh

igpku djukA

;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa ^^cSLV izsfDVlst^^ dk laxzg.k djukA

bl v/;;u ds varxZr fofHkUu fgr/kkjdksa uker% m|kfudh ,oa okfudh iz{ks=

foHkkx] ,e-vkbZ-,l- iznk; djus okyh ,stsUlh@laLFkk ,oa ;kstuk ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh jk;

ds vk/kkj ij ;kstuk ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa ,oa bldh mi;ksfxrk dk v/;;u djus dk

iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ds varxZr xq.kkRed ,oa la[;kRed rjhdksa dk

bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA

v/;;u gsrq jS.Me vk/kkj ij 10 ftyksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA p;fur ftyksa esa

ls YkkHkkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;kuqlkj 25, 40 ,oa 60 YkkHkkfFkZ;ksa dks js.Me vk/kkj ij p;fur dj

iz'ukoyh ds ek/;e ls vk¡dMs ,d= fd, x,A rqYukRed v/;;u gsrq izR;sd ftys ls

dqN daVªksy d`"kdksa dks Hkh v/;;u esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA

v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij ns[kk x;k fd ekbØksbfjxs’ku ;kstuk ds mi;ksx mijkar

flapkbZ ds jdcs ,oa ty lzksrksa esa ty miyC/krk esa lkekUr% c<+ksRrjh ntZ dh xbZ gSA

bl ;kstuk dh vU; egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k;ksa esa ikuh] fo|qr] [kkn ,oa etnwjh ij

gksus okys O;; esa deh gksus ls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh d`f"k lacaf/kr vk; esa c<+ksRrjh ns[kus dks

22

feyh gSA ;|fi lkekU; :Ik ls lHkh oxksZa ds d`"kdksa dh ;kstuk esa Hkkxhnkjh ntZ dh

xbZ gS] ijUrq eq[;r% blesa ^^vU; fiNM+k oxZ^^ ,oa ^^lkekU; oxZ^^ ds d`"kdksa dh la[;k

vf/kd ikbZ xbZ gSA

v/;;u d ifj.kkeksa ls izrhr gksrk gS fd fMªi iz.kkyh dh rqyuk esa fLizadyj

iz.kkyh ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa dh izkFkfedrk esa gSA mRikndrk esa o`f) ;kstuk ds ,d egRoiw.kZ

igyw ds :Ik esa lkeus vk;k gSA v/;;u ds nkSjku ;g Kkr gqvk fd ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa dk

m|kfudh Qlyksa dk izfr ,dM+ mRiknu dUVªksy d`"kd ¼tks iz.kkyh dk mi;ksx ugha

dj jgs gS½ dh rqyuk esa vf/kd gSA

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk iz.kkyh ds mi;ksx mijakr Hkwfe ds mi;ksx esa Hkh cnyko fd;s

x;s gSaA orZeku esa ykHkkFkhZ d`"kd viuh d`f"k ;ksX; ,oa iM+r Hkwfe dk mi;ksx m|kfudh

Qlyksa ds mRiknu gsrq djus yxs gSA blls ;g izrhr gksrk gS fd ;kstuk d`"kdksa dks

m|kfudh Qlyksa ds mRiknu gsrq izsfjr dj ikbZ gS ,oa m|kfudh Qlyksa dks c<+kok nsus

dh fn’kk dh vksj vxzlj gSA

vk’kkuq:i ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa }kjk ;kstukarxZr fy;s x;s fLizadyj iz.kkyh dk

mi;ksx m|kfudh Qlyksa esa u djrs gq;s eq[; Qlyksa tSls % lks;kchu] puk] xsgw¡

bR;kfn esa fd;s tkus ds ekeys lkeus vk;s gSaA

ekbØksbfjxs’ku iz.kkyh ds j[k j[kko lacaf/kr fnDdrkas dk o.kZu lkekU; :Ik ls gj ftysa

esa ns[kus esa ik;k x;k gSA ekbØksbfjxs’ku iznk; djus okyh laLFkk,sa@,stsfUl;ka iznk; dh

xbZ ekbØksbfjxs’ku iz.kkfy;ksa ds j[k j[kko ds izfr cgqr mRlkgo/kZd ugh ik, x,A

pw¡fd ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa ds ikl Hkh iz.kkyh ds j[k j[kko gsrq dksbZ vU; fodYi ugha gSA

vr% os vkt Hkh iznk; ,stsfUl;ksa ij fuHkZj gSaA ykHkkFkhZ d`"kdksa dks lekU;r% izf’k{k.k dh

vko’;drk gSA foHkkx dh foLrkj iz.kkyh dks ykHkkfFkZ;ksa d`"kdksa dh izf’k{k.k lacaf/kr

leL;kvksa djus gsrq vkSj lfØ; gksus dh vko’;drk izrhr gksrh gSA v/;;u dh fjiksVZ

rS;kj dj m|kfudh ,oa iz{ks= foHkkx dks izLrr dh tk pqdh gSA

23

2-12-4 dfiy/kkjk ;kstuk&

dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk e/;izns’k ljdkj ds iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx ds

vUrxZr ,d mi;kstuk ds :Ik esa o"kZ 2006 ls 'kq: dh xbZA vizSy 2008 ls bldk

ifjpkyu egkRek xka/kh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk ds vUrZxr ,d mi;kstuk

ds :i es jkT; ds lHkh ftyksa esa fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g mi;kstuk ftyksa esa futh d`f"k

Hkwfe ij flapkbZ lqfo/kk miyC/k djkus ds fy, fØ;kfUor gSA pw¡fd dsoy o"kkZ vk/kkfjr

,oa flapkbZ lqfo/kk fofgu d`f"k {ks=ksa esa o"kkZ dh vfu;ferrk vFkok deh ds dkj.k d`f"k

mRiknu izHkkfor gksrk gSA blfy, ;g ekuk x;k fd mu {ks=ksa es tgkWa vis{kkd`r fiNM+s

ijUrq tkx:d d̀"kd ftuds ikl leqfpr d`f"k Hkwfe gS vkSj tks d`f"k gsrq

v/kkslajpukRed O;oLFkk,s tqVkus esa l{ke gSa] dks ;fn d`f"k Hkwfe dh flapkbZ gsrq ikuh dk

dkjxj L=ksr miyC/k djk fn;k tk;s rks d`f"k mRiknu esa lqfuf'prrk rFkk d`"kdksa dh

vkthfodk esa xq.kkRed lq/kkj laHko gSA

dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk dk v/;;u fuEu mn~ns’;ks ds varxZr fd;k x;kA

dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk ds izlkj dk irk yxkukA

yf{kr lewg rFkk {ks=ksa esa mi;kstuk ds izHkkoksa dh tkp djukA

;kstukUrxZr lsokiznk; iz.kkyh dh izHkkfodrk dk v/;;u djuk ,oa lsok

iznk; iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj gsrq lq>ko@izLrqr djukA

dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk dk vU; ljdkjh ;kstuvksa ds lkFk vfHklj.k dk irk

yxkukA

v/;;u ds varxZr yf{kr mn~ns’;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, mi;kstuk ls lacaf/kr

fofHké igyqvksa tSls dh fgrxzkfg;ksa ,oa mi;kstuk laca/kh vko’;d tkudkjh ,oa

nLrkost] {ks= dh lkekU; lkekftd tulkaf[;dh; izksQkbZy] mi;kstuk ls leqnk; dks

tksM+us vkSj lgHkkxh cukus lac/kh iz;klksa dh tkudkjh] ifj;kstuk ls lacaf/kr nLrkost+ksa

rFkk m|kfudh foHkkx }kjk djk;s x;s vk/kkjHkwr loZs{k.k] 'kks/k ,oa v/;;u fjiksVksaZ dks

v/;;u esa lfEefyr fd;k x;kA

v/;;u esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh fofHkérk dks ikus gsrq izns'k ds d`f"k tyok;q {ks=

oxhZdj.k dks vk/kkj cuk;k x;kA bl izdkj izns'k dss 11 ¼X;kjg½ d`f"k tyok;q {ks=ksa esa

ls ,d&,d ftys dks jS.Me vk/kkj ij v/;;u gsrq p;fur fd;k x;k rFkk izR;sd

ftys ls fuEu Jsf.k;ksa es ls 50 ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gS%&

24

vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr

xjhch js[kk ls uhps

Hkwfe lq/kkj ds ykHkkFkhZ

bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk ds ykHkkFkhZ

bl rjg v/;;u ds fy, dqy 550 ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA

v/;;u ds mn~ns’kksa ds laca/k esa tkudkjh ,d= djus gsrq iz’ukoyh dk fuekZ.k

fd;k x;k ftls lgt ,oa ljy Hkk"kk esa cuk;k x;k] ftlls fd mRrjnkrk dks vklkuh

ls le> esa vk ldsaA bl iz'ukoyh dk fuekZ.k eq[;% la[;kRed vk¡dM+ksa dks bdV~Bk

djus ds fy, fd;k x;k rFkk blesa dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk ds fofHkUu igyw ij

tkudkjh izkIr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr bl iz'ukoyh ls O;fDrxr

tkudkfj;ksa dks bdV~Bk djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k ftlls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa vkilh fHkUurk

dk mi;kstuk ds izHkkoksa ls laca/k ns[kk tk ldsA v/;kRed vkadM+ksa dh fofo/krk ,oa

ig¡qp dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, budh xq.kkRed vk¡dM+ksa ls HkjikbZ dh xbZA ftudk laxzg.k

ikVhZlhisVksjh :jy viszt+y ¼ih-vkj-,½ rduhdksa tSlas yf{kr lewg ppkZ] VkbZe&ykbZu

,DljlkbZl vkfn ds ek/;e ls fd;k x;kA iz'ukoyh fuekZ.k i'pkr~ bldh mi;ksfxrk

dh tk¡p djus ds fy, ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk ik;yV ijh{k.k fd;k x;k rFkk blds vk/kkj

ij iz'ukoyh dks lqpk: :i fn;k x;kA

dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk izHkko ds v/;;u esa egkRek xka/kh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj

xkjaVh ;kstuk }kjk vf/kdrj ftyksa esa mi;kstuk dks lQy cukus dh fn'kk esa

ldkjkRed iz;kl mHkjdj vk;s gSA ftyksa esa deZpkfj;ksa dh deh gksus ds ckotwn

mi;kstuk dh igq¡p yxHkx lHkh xk¡oks rd gSA foHkkx }kjk mi;kstuk dh igq¡p rFkk

tkudkjh c<+kus gsrq dbZ lkFkZd dne mBk;s x;s gSA tSls cSadksa }kjk etnwjh dk Hkqxrku

,oa tkudkfj;ksa dk dEI;wVjhd`r djukA v/;;u ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k fd dfiy

/kkjk mi;kstuk fØ;kUou mijkUr d`f"k ds fy, ikuh dh miyC/krk vf/kdrj ftyksa esa

c<+h gSA mi;kstuk ds dkj.k d`f"k iSnkokj rks c<+h gh gS lkFk gh lkFk ykbZo&LVkWd

vkSj m|kfudh ij Hkh blds ldkjkRed izHkko ns[kus esa vk, gSaA mi;kstuk ds dkj.k

jkstxkj ds u;s fodYi Hkh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks miyC/k gq, gSaA flapkbZ esa yxus okyh fofHkUu

ykxrksa tSls fctyh] ikbi] Mhty bR;kfn esa Hkh dkQh deh vkbZ gSA mi;kstuk ds

pyrs ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh vk; esa o`f) ikbZ xbZ gSA mi;kstuk varxZRk fufeZr lajpukvksa ds

dkj.k lHkh ftyksa esa vc T;knk ls T;knk iM+r Hkwfe ij Hkh d`f"k ,oa m|kfudh djuk

25

laHko gks ik;k gSA dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk dk foLrkj jkT; ds vUn:uh xk¡o rFkk

lhekUr fdlkuksa rd ns[kk x;k gSaA mi;sktuk varxZRk T;knk ls T;knk ykHk xjhch js[kk

ls uhps ds fdlkuksa dks fn;k x;k gSA mi;kstuk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ds fØ;kUo;u ds

fy, le;&lhek lacaf/kr Li"V funsZ’k ds vkHkko esa dqN ftyksa esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks

dfBukbZ;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA dfiy /kkjk dq¡vksa ds lkFk iquZHkj.k lajpukvksa ds

fuekZ.k dh tks vis{kk,sa mi;kstuk ds varxZr dh xbZ Fkh] fdUrq ;g izfdz;k dqN ftyksa esa

vis{kkd`r detksj ikbZ xbZA dqN lajpkukvksa esa ckm.Mªh oky dk fuekZ.k ugha gqvk Fkk

rFkk vf/kdka’k lajpukvksa esa iquZHkj.k dks ysdj vis{kkd`r lQyrk ugha fey ikbZA ;gka

rd dh vk/ks ls T;knk ftyksa esa iquZHkj.k lajpukvksa dks cUn ik;k x;kA mi;kstuk

varxZRk flQZ dq¡vksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gSa tks iw.kZ :i ls Hkw&ty ij fuHkZj gSa vkSj

ftu ftyksa esa Hkw&ty dk Lrj de gS ogka ;k rks dq¡vksa esa ikuh gh ugha jgrk gS ;k

tYnh lw[k tkrk gSA dfiy /kkjk mi;kstuk ds vk¡oVu ds lkFk gh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks vU;

;kstukvksa ds varxZr iEi dk vk¡oVu vkSj d`f"k gsrq lkexzh tSls % cht] ÅoZjd bR;kfn

dk Hkh forj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg, Fkk tks fd laHko ugh gks ldkA mi;kstuk ds lq/kkj

ds laca/k esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa us vuqnku jkf'k dk iw.kZ :i ls vkSj le; ij Hkqxrku uk gksuk

Hkh ,d cM+h leL;k ds :i esa fudydj lkeus vk;kA

2-13 varjkZ"Vªªh; laLFkkvksa ls lg;ksx ,oa leUo; ds iz;kl&

MkW- vk'kh"k f}osnh] ysDpjj bu bUQkesZ'ku lkbal] gy ;wfuoflZVh fctusl Ldwy]

;wfuoflZVh vkWQ gy }kjk tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds izHkko ds v/;;u esa rduhdh lg;ksx

iznku djus dh lgefr cuh ftlds rgr ;kstuk ds vk¡dM+ks ds cgqvk;eh fo'ys"k.k esa gy

fctusl Ldwy }kjk lg;ksx iznku fd;k x;kA

Hkkjr esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj ds {ks= esa fd, x, **[ksrh** rduhd ds izlkj

dh fn’kk esa 'ksQhYM gyke fo’ofo|ky; ;w-ds- ds izksQslj ,.Mh Mh;jMsu ,oa MkW- ,l-,e-

gSnj fjtoh] lapkyd ¼uhfr fo’ys"k.k½ lq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy ds chp lg;ksx

tkjh jgkA

us’kuy ;wfuoflZVh] flaxkiqj dh 'kks/k Nk=k lqJh vuU;k letnkj us Ldwy esa

baLVhV~;w’kuy QSyks ds :Ik esa vizSy 2010 rd dk;Z fd;k rFkk Ldwy ds dksj LVkWQ }kjk

muds ih,pMh 'kks/k esa fof/kor vdknfed lg;ksx iznku fd;k x;kA

&&00&&

26

v/;k; & rhu

lsehukj@dk;Z'kkyk,sa

3-1 lkekU; iz’kklu foHkkx ,oa lq’kklu ,oa uhfr fo’ys"k.k Ldwy ds lfEefyr

iz;kl ls dk;Z’kkyk &

"Moving Towards Good Governance :Dissemination of Good Practices

and Strategies for Adoption" fo"k; ij ,d fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fnukad

29 ebZ 2010 dks gksVy tgkWuqek iSysl esa lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx] e/;izns'k 'kklu] rFkk

lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy] Hkksiky ds la;qä rRok/kku esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA

blesa e/;izns'k 'kklu ds ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa 05 lHkkaxh; vk;qDr ,oa 10 ftyk/;{kksa dh

lgHkkfxrk jghA dk;Z'kkyk dk mn~?kkVu egkefge Jh 'ks[kj nRr] jkT;iky NRrhlx<+

}kjk fd;k x;kA la?k yksdlsok vk;ksx ¼;w-ih-,l-lh-½] ds v/;{k MkW- Mh-ih- vxzoky us

fof’k"V vfrfFk ds :i esa lfEefyr gksdj dk;Z’kkyk esa viuk mn~cks/ku fn;kA dk;Z'kkyk esa

21 vizsy 2010 dks iz/kkuea=h mRd`"Vrk iq:Ldkj ls lEekfur 08 csLV izsfDVlsl rFkk

e/;izns'k jkT; dh p;fur 02 csLV izsfDVlsl dk izLrqfrdj.k fd;k x;kA

csLV izsfDVlsl ds izLrqfrdj.k mijkar eq[; lfpo] e/;izns'k 'kklu dh v/;{krk esa

fo'ks"k ppkZ l= "Exploring Areas for Adoption,Adaption and Up Scaling of Good

Practices in the Context of Madhya Pradesh" fo"k; ij vk;ksftr fd;k x;k] ftles

e/;izns'k 'kklu ds ofj"B vf/kdkjh ,oa vU; jkT;ksa ls vk;s izfrfuf/k;ksa dh lgHkkfxrk

jghA

&&00&&

27

v/;k; & pkj

foRrh; izfrosnu

o"kZ 2010&11 esa Ldwy ds fy, :i;s 600-00 yk[k dk ctV izko/kku fuEukuqlkj

izLrkfor Fkk &

eku la[;k & 01

eq[; 'kh"kZ & 2052 & lfpoky;hu lkekU; lsok;sa

jkT; vk;ksx ¼lkekU;½ & 101

lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy dh LFkkiuk ¼5163½

en jkf'k ¼yk[k :i;ksa esa½

001&v|kslajpuk vuqnku & 400

002&la/kkj.k vuqjku & 200

;ksx 600

mijksDrkuqlkj vkgfjr jkf'k ls o"kZ 2010&11 esa :i;s 543 yk[k dk O;; fd;k

x;k gSA

&&00&&

28

v/;k; & ik¡p

Ldwy@dksj LVkQ dks izkIr lEeku

5-1 vkbZfM;kt Qkj lh,e osclkbZV dks ifCyd ikfVZflis’ku Js.kh esa ^ôscjRu vokMZ

¼flYoj vkbZdu½**&

lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa uokpkj

dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, o"kZ 2009 ls fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa gsrq ^ôscjRu vokMZ^^ dh

LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA vke turk dks lq’kklu ,oa fodkl ls oSpkfjd :i ls tksM+us ,oa

muds vuqHko vkSj Kku ds vikj Hk.Mkj dk ykHk izns’k ds fodkl dh izfd;k esa ysus ds

fy, Ldwy ,oa 'kklu ds lfEefyyr iz;kl ^^vkbZfM;k Qkj lh,e** osclkbZV dks

ifCyd ikfVZflis’ku Js.kh esa ^ôscjRu vokMZ&2009 ¼flYoj vkbZdu½** lkekU; iz’kklu

foHkkx rFkk eku- eq[;ea=h dk;kZy; ds ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk Ldwy ds dksj LVkQ dks

lfEefyr :i ls lwpuk izks|ksfxdh foHkkx] Hkkjr ldkj }kjk vizSy 2010 esa foKku

Hkou] ubZ fnYyh esa vk;ksftr okf"kZd iqjLdkj lekjksg&2010 esa iznku fd;k x;kA

Ldwy dh vksj ls bl osclkbZV ls laacaf/kr dk;Z dk leUo; Jh vf[kys’k vxZy]

lapkyd ¼lq’kklu½ }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA

5-2 KHETI ifj;kstuk ds fy, MkW- ,l-,e- gSnj fjtoh] lapkyd ¼uhfr fo’ys"k.k½

dh izksxzke eSustesaV baLVhV~;wV (USA) }kjk ljkguk&

MkW- ,l-,e- gSnj fjtoh] lapkyd ¼uhfr fo’ys"k.k½ }kjk KHETI ;kstuk ij fd;s

x;s dke dh izksxzke eSustesaV baLVhV~;wV (USA) us ,d lQy dk;Z dh Js.kh esa pqu

dj KHETI ij vk/kkfjr ys[k viuh varjkZ"Vªh; if=dk esa izdkf’kr fd;kA

&&00&&

29

v/;k; & N%

dksj LVkWQ }kjk jk"Vªh; Lrj ij vk;ksftr

fof'k"V dk;ZØeksa esa rduhdh ;ksxnku

Dr. H.P. Dikshit, on invitation of the Governor of Chhattisgarh, addressed a meeting on 14/07/2011 of around 200 Principals, Vice Chancellors and other Educationists on Identifying Measures for Improving Quality of Higher Education. The meeting was chaired by the His Excellency Shri Shekhar Dutt, Governor of Chhattisgarh.

Dr. H. P. Dikshit addressed a workshop under a satellite conference of ICM 2010 at New Delhi on 14/08/2010 on issues which also included applications to processes of Governance.

In August 2010, India for the first time organized the prestigeous International Congress of Mathematicians which is held once in four years. Besides international organizations, the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India sponsored the Congress. Dr. H.P.Dikshit was on the Organising Committee for the Congress and also chaired a session of the congress on 19/08/2010 at Hyderabad.

On behalf of the Government of Madhya Pradesh, Dr. H. P. Dikshit made a presentation on the Right to Service Act, 2010 of Government of Madhya Pradesh in a Conference of State Secretaries dealing with Administrative Reforms organised by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India on 24/09/2010 at New Delhi. The presentation was commended by the Secretary Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances. It also roused interests of other participants especially State Secretaries from Bihar and Himachal Pradesh, who were provided with further information and support for introduction of a similar Act in their states by the School.

Dr. H. P. Dikshit continued to serve as a Member of the Project Management Committee for conduction of Mid-Career Training Programmes of Government Officials at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie.

As a member of a Committee consiting of 5 experts constituted by the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister Dr. H. P. Dikshit contributed to development of a Policy and processes for identification and nurturing of gifted children in the country..

Dr. H. P. Dikshit addressed the Silver Jubilee Function of Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi on 01/10/2010.

Dr. H. P. Dikshit delivered Presidential Address at an International Design Workshop 2010 organized by the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur on 11/10/2010.

Shri Akhilesh Argal, Director (Governance) participated in two days "Regional Conference on Excellence in Public Service Delivery and Role of e-Governance" at Goa Institute of Rural Development & Administration, Goa.

Shri Akhilesh Argal, Director (Governance) participated in two days Training Workshop on "Climate Change and Forestry- Exploring New Financial

30

Instruments" from Jan 20-21,2011 at The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi.

Asia and Pacific Regional Annual Review Meeting for Information Communication and Technology for Development (ICTD) in International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD), Asia was held during November 01 -04, 2010 at Nanning, China. Dr. S. M. Haider Rizvi, delivered a lecture as an expert in a mini-workshop on Information Communication and Technology for Development (ICTD) for IFAD Staff during the foregoing meeting.

Dr. S. M. Haider Rizvi provided Expert inputs in Regional Consultative Meeting of Decentralisation Community of United Nations India Solution Exchange at Jabalpur on 11/11/2010.

Dr. S. M. Haider Rizvi, Director (Policy Analysis) has delivered a lecture as Panellist on Rural e-Services Delivery in 14th National e-Governance Conference 2011 organised by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel and Public Grievances, Government of India 10th February at Aurangabad, India.

_pk feJk] dk;ZØe leUo;d ¼lq'kklu½ }kjk **xjhch de djus ds fy, {kerk

laoZ/ku** ifj;kstuk varxZr Þ'kkyk izca/kuÞ fo"k; ij ekWM~;wy fodflr fd;k x;k

FkkA mUgsa e/;izns'k ds 10 ftyksa ds ekLVj VªsulZ fodflr djus ds fy, iz'kklu

vdkneh }kjk ekg ekpZ 2011 esa vf/kdkfj;ksa ds rhu fnolh; dk;ZØe ds fy,

izf'k{k.k fo'ks"kK ds :i esa vkeaf=r fd;k x;kA

&&00&&

31

v/;k; & lkr

Ldwy dh xofuZx ckWMh ,oa ,DthD;wfVo ckWMh

7-1 Ldwy dh xofuZaax ckWMh &

Ldwy dh xofuZax ckWMh fuEukuqlkj gS

1- ekuuh; eq[;ea=hth] e/;izns'k v/;{k

2- ekuuh; ea=hth] for lnL;

3- ekuuh; ea=hth] iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl lnL;

4- ekuuh; ea=hth] uxjh; iz'kklu ,oa fodkl lnL;

5- ekuuh; ea=hth] foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh lnL;

6- ekuuh; ea=hth] vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr dY;k.k lnL;

7- ekuuh; ea=hth] ;kstuk] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh; lnL;

8- eq[; lfpo] e/;izns'k 'kklu lnL;

9- egkfuns'kd] vkj-lh-Ogh-ih-iz'kklu ,oa izca/kdh;

vdkneh] Hkksiky

lnL;

10- izeq[k lfpo] lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx lnL;

11- izeq[k lfpo] foRr foHkkx lnL;

12 lapkyd] Hkkjrh; izca/k laLFkku] bankSj lnL;

13 jkT; 'kklu }kjk ukekafdr iz'kklu ,oa izca/ku {ks= ls

tqM+s vf/kdre ik¡p lnL;

lnL;

14 egkfuns'kd] lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy lnL; lfpo

ljy dzekad 13 ds izko/kku ds vuqdze esa e/;izns'k 'kklu] lkekU; iz'kklu

foHkkx ds vkns'k Øekad ,Q 11&8@2007@1@9 fnukad 22 vizSy 2008 }kjk

fuEukafdr ikWp lnL;ksa dks vkns'k fnukad ls v'kkldh; lnL; ds :i esa xofuZax ckWMh

gsrq ukekafdr fd;k gS&

1- MkW- lkseiky 'kkL=h] mik/;{k ;kstuk vk;ksx] e/;izns'k

2- MkW- cdqy <ksydh;k] iwoZ funs'kd] vkbZvkbZ,e vgenkckn

3- MkW- ,e jk;] egkfuns'kd] bf.M;u dkmfUly QkWj ,fxzdYpj fjlpZ] Hkkjr

ljdkj

32

4- MkW- ch-,l- ckloku] funs'kd] vkbZvkbZih,] ubZ fnYyh

5- MkW- jktho djfnudj] mik/;{k dSUl lkQ~Vos;j csaxyksj

ukekafdr lnL;ksa dk dk;Zdky izkjaHk esa nks o"kZ dk jgsxk ftls jkT; 'kklu }kjk

c<k;k Hkh tk ldrk gSA

7-2 Ldwy dh ,fDtD;wfVo ckWMh &

Ldwy dh ,fDtD;wfVo ckWMh fuEukuqlkj gS

dz- lnL; uke@in /kkfjr in

1- eq[; lfpo] e/;izns'k 'kklu v/;{k

2- izeq[k lfpo] lkekU; iz'kklu foHkkx lnL;

3- izeq[k lfpo] foRr foHkkx lnL;

4- izeq[k lfpo] iapk;r ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx lnL;

5- izeq[k lfpo] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx lnL;

6- izeq[k lfpo] okf.kT;] m|ksx ,oa jkstxkj foHkkx lnL;

7- izeq[k lfpo@lfpo] ;kstuk] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaaf[;dh foHkkx lnL;

8- 'kklu }kjk ukekafdr vf/kdre ikap v'kkldh; lnL; lnL;

9 egkfuns'kd] lq'kklu ,oa uhfr fo'ys"k.k Ldwy lnL; lfpo

ljy dzekad 8 ds izko/kku ds vuqdze esa e/;izns'k 'kklu] lkekU; iz'kklu

foHkkx ds vkns'k Øekad ,Q 11&8@2007@1@9 fnukad 22 vizSy 2008 }kjk

fuEukafdr ikWp lnL;ksa dks vkns'k fnukad ls v'kkldh; lnL; ds :i esa ,DthD;wfVo

ckWMh gsrq ukekafdr fd;k gS&

1- MkW- Mh-ds- cU/kksik/;k;] funs'kd] vkbZvkbZ,Q,e Hkksiky

2- MkW- osn izdk'k] okbl pkUlyj] us'kuy ;wfuoflZVh QkWj ,T;wds'kuy Iykfuax

,.M ,MfefuLVªs'ku] ubZ fnYyh

3- izks- ,l-lh- xxZ] iwoZ izks&okbl pkUlyj] bXuw

4- MkW- Mh-,e- isLVksuth] iwoZ izksQslj] vkbZvkbZ,e] vgenkckn

5- izks- deZs"kq] izksQslj fMikVZesUV vkWQ flLVe lkbUl] ts,u;w] ubZ fnYyh

ukekafdr lnL;ksa dk dk;Zdky izkjaHk esa nks o"kZ dk jgsxk ftls jkT; 'kklu }kjk

c<k;k Hkh tk ldrk gSA

&&00&&

33

v/;k; & vkB

ifjf'k"V

8-1 MPRLP dk v/;;u lkjka'k (Executive Summary)&

1. Introduction-The study is aimed to „Assess the Improvements in Quality of

Life of MPRLP Beneficiaries in tribal districts of Madhya Pradesh‟. An ex-post facto research design has been used for the study, as the interventions were either already made or are ongoing. The data on the impacts have been collected using qualitative and quantitative techniques. A sample of 1440 respondents i.e. 1080 beneficiary households from 54 project villages and 360 respondents from 18 control villages across nine districts under the MPRLP interventions was included in the study.

2. Reach and Coverage of the Project The study to assess the impacts of MPRLP in the lives of people has

been revealing in many respects. There were areas which were part of the

research design and where deliberate efforts were made to gauge the impacts

but there were certain areas which have emerged in the process. One of the

commendable aspects of the project emerged was the reach of the project. The

efforts made by the project to reach to last mile have been meaningful. The

beneficiaries were not only found aware about the project but they also relate

with project functionaries at various levels especially those who were

deployed at the grassroots - the Ajeevika Mitras/Sakhis.

The composition of the project beneficiaries was found very equitable.

As per the socio-economic realities of the areas the tribal populations covered

in the beneficiaries were about 81%. Further the coverage of people at the

lower strata of the society in the intervened districts was covered very

justifiably. The well-being ranking introduced by the project further boosted

the chances of the getting the poor and marginalized included in the social

security net created by the project.

3. Gram Sabha Strengthening The findings of the study fully supported the basic assumptions made

by the project .i.e. considering the Gram Sabhas (GSs hence after) as the basic

unit of ensuring participatory democracy and bringing positive development

changes in the lives of the people. The findings revealed that the project could

strengthen not only the GS as an institution of governance but also made

efforts to run the processes of the governance for promotions of livelihoods.

The holistic approach adopted by the project for strengthening the GSs

was highly appreciative. The agreement of people on the efforts made by the

34

project and its functionaries on the initiatives taken and their impacts in the

lives of people was very evident and supported by data. Making information

available locally and getting those translated in action for the economic

returns might be considered as one of the biggest take of the project.

The study revealed that the Gram Sabhas in MPRLP intervened

villages have been strengthened considerably. The functioning of Gram

Sabhas in project villages were found better on the parameters of frequency of

meetings, participations in meetings, conduction of meetings, transparency of

accounts, initiation and execution of development works, accountability of

Gram Sabha functionaries etc. than control villages Gram Sabhas. Also, the

participation of the disadvantaged groups like women and BPL groups were

found considerably high in project villages. The difference in level of

strengthening could be dedicated to MPRLP as the villages and respondents

were more or less similar on almost all variables. This finding was

supplemented by the data generated through PRA exercises with the

community.

One of the noticeable findings of the study was that in MPRLP

intervened villages the attendance of the disadvantaged groups like women

and marginalized families has significantly enhanced in the Gram Sabhas

over a period of time. Gram Sabha has made significant efforts to extend

benefits to the people by way of providing information on the government

schemes, seeking benefits from the schemes leading to subsequent increase in

income.

There was an absolute agreement among the beneficiaries on Gram

Sabha raising and deliberating various aspects of the livelihood promotion

issues. The participation in the GS meeting was found useful by the people

and they agreed that the participation helped them in getting benefits

especially taking benefits of the governmental schemes.

The responses from some of the villages were not very encouraging

and give rise to some of the speculations that when the similar set of

interventions, people and approaches are applied across various districts in

project villages then why it is not able to pay equal dividends. What are those

„things‟ which are missing in these districts and why these districts kept on

lagging behind?

In project villages the role of Gram Sabha in the dissemination of

information about the Right to Information Act did not emerge very

prominent. Role of Gram Sabha in project villages in providing livelihood

support to the poor and facilitating the benefits of government programmes

to the people emerged quite emphatically in the study. It was also noticed

35

that the role of the Gram Sabha towards the designing and monitoring of the

developmental plans has been strengthened in the project villages.

The scenario in the project villages was found somewhat similar to that

in control villages towards the role played by the gram Sabha in the

eradication of the social evils.

4. Empowering the Poor The findings revealed that in the project villages of phase I as well as

phase II the GSs could be strengthened to a great extent and have been

instrumental in setting-up most of the mechanisms for empowerment of

people, promotions of livelihoods opportunities and provisions for monetary

support for the beneficiaries. The MPRLP beneficiaries found agreed on the

effectiveness of GSs and opined heavily in favour of GS initiatives.

In the opinion of the beneficiaries of the project villages, in most of the

cases decisions at the level of Gram Sabha have been taken mostly in a

participatory manner across phase I and phase II villages. In project villages

about 55% beneficiaries said that their participations were ensured in decision

making processes but in control villages only 30% agreed on it.

5. Enhancements in Income as a Result of Participation in MPRLP/Government Programmes The study revealed that due to MPRLP interventions there has been

enhancement in the income of the beneficiaries across the project villages. It

was found absent when explored in control villages in relation to other

governmental programmes. The findings suggested that MPRLP played vital

role in the development of the agriculture and allied activities of horticulture,

water conservation etc. People in the project villages are utilizing the

enhanced income for the purpose of savings, returning loans and for

household works.

In control villages other government programmes were not able to

impact much in terms of enhancement of the income of respondents when

compared with project villages. The annual enhancement reported by project

beneficiaries in phase I was Rs 4025 and in phase II it was Rs 4972 whereas in

control villages it was only Rs 747.

The uses of the enhanced income were spent mainly in household

related expenses as reported by 79% in project villages and 81% in control

villages. 22% beneficiaries in phase I and 33% in phase II and only 4%

respondents in control villages mentioned that they utilised the income in

business activities, as well. But in project villages the enhanced income was

spent not only in expenditures rather it also contributed in savings of the

family by the households because about 38% beneficiaries in project villages

as compared to only 10% in control villages agreed on it.

36

6. Access of Service

The study revealed that MPRLP has enabled its beneficiaries with a

holistic approach and had tried to make inputs available in various areas

leading to the ameliorations in the livelihoods. The enhancements in the

agricultural resources and increase in the agriculture productions in villages

across nine project districts were supportive of this finding.

Study revealed very emphatically the rise in agricultural services in

project villages. On an average it was observed that about 50% beneficiaries

admitted that they have given agriculture inputs and facilities against only

5% in control villages have access to the agricultural services and facilities

provided by government agencies. In control villages the activities related to

agriculture services largely confined to government programmes were not

able to enhance the access to the services, much. As a result of the

interventions in the agricultural support system, most of the beneficiaries

responded towards enhancement in the agriculture yield.

On water conservation front, the project was not doing something

different than what was on in the control villages. Though most of the

beneficiaries responded favorably to the existence of any scheme of water

conservations with the help of MPRLP yet in control villages more number of

people reported about the efforts made by government in this area. Under

types of water conservation schemes wells and stop dams has emerged

prominently at many places both in project and control villages.

The efforts made in establishment of the micro enterprises were not at

par with the other interventions made under the project. This might be

because of the limited financial resources available with the project. However

wherever it has been established, the income level of the beneficiaries has

been increased. The study revealed that in project villages there was an

increase in income of the beneficiaries who are associated with the micro

enterprise. However the project was not able to cover large number of

beneficiaries under this activity.

The study revealed that the project has helped people in a holistic

manner and due to the project interventions the people in the area are now

getting more opportunities to earn their livelihood in the field of livestock

development. People admitted that due to the interventions of MPRLP more

number of animals is now being immunized as compared to pre-project

period, which resulted in decrease in the expenditure on treatments of the

animals and ultimately have reduced the feed and management of the animal.

In the view of the beneficiaries of the project villages, MPRLP did little

towards enhancing access of the government supported Crop and Health

37

insurance to the villagers. In most of the districts more than 90 percent

respondent expressed their views negatively.

7. Loan Patterns The study reveals that the people in the project villages take loans but

the frequency and sources of taking have seen positive changes due to

MPRLP interventions. People admitted that the frequencies got reduced and

the exploitations in borrowing the loans have been lessened.

The major reason for taking loans in project villages were for

marriages/social commitments, scarcity of food materials and agriculture

purposes. The same trend was observed in control villages too but the sources

of taking loans were found different. In project villages, money lenders and

Gram Sabhas were reported as the major sources for taking loans where as in

control villages it is mainly money lender.

The livelihood opportunities created by MPRLP and the facilitations in

the formations of SHGs have helped them tremendously. The beneficiaries

agreed that MPRLP has been able to generate livelihood opportunities at the

village level which resulted in the enhancement of income of the families and

reduced the frequency of taking loans. The study revealed that majority of

beneficiaries in project villages take loan once in a year and in control villages

it is twice a year.

The study explored that the major sources of taking loans among

others were GS and SHGs in project villages. It shows that due to the

interventions of MPRLP the Gram Sabha has been empowered enough to

work as micro-finance institution to some extent, unlike the control villages

where still people are dependent on money lenders for taking loans and that

too on higher interest rates.

The study revealed that the beneficiaries in project villages return their

loans within the time limit as compared control villages. It showed that due to

MPRLP interventions beneficiaries have more livelihood options in project

villages as the economic standard of the beneficiaries has increased which

resulted in timely return of loans and also in doing some saving.

8. Community Based Organisations (CBOs) – Participation and Benefits Project has been able to develop a culture of group activities and

facilitated the involvement of people in the activities of Community Based

Organizations (CBOs) and meets their expectations. Systematic processes

were found in place to motivate the people through Livelihoods Promoters

and Project Facilitation Teams. The efforts made by the project officials have

culminated in enhanced level of satisfaction in comparison to the control

villages.

38

The control villages did not have any systemic processes to bring about

people‟s motivation as most of the villagers are motivated by their fellow

villagers. Government officials did not seem to play any meaningful role in

this regard and people were found least motivated to associate with

government scheme.

9. Migration Migratory pattern in search of livelihoods opportunities was more or

less similar across the project as well as control villages. The efforts towards

capacity building of the people who are migrating in search of jobs are

minimal.

There have been contradictory views expressed by the respondents on

migration. In qualitative exercises it emerged that after the advent of the

project there was a significant reduction in migration and reasons for

migrations were not mainly because of non-availability of livelihoods

opportunities rather majority of the migration was in want of getting better

money and the urban living and entertainments.

10. Training under MPRLP/ Government Schemes

The study revealed that in project villages there was very few training

programmes had been organized under MPRLP interventions. But it was

found better than the control villages where such training programmes were

nearly absent.

11. Facilitation in Traditional enterprises by MPRLP

There are little instances of the MPRLP interventions towards

facilitation in the development of the traditional enterprises, except in one or

two districts under project interventions. In the project villages, traditional

enterprises activities were visible at a small scale, whereas in control villages

it is nearly absent

12. Awareness about Micro Plan and It’s Implementations In the project villages the concept of micro plan has been clear to most

of the households under MPRLP interventions. They knew that the micro

plan is key through which the overall development of the villages can take

place which will ultimately result in the enhancement and improvement of

the livelihood opportunities of the villagers. Livelihood promoters and PFT

members had actively contributed in the preparation of the Micro Plan.

13. Benefit of the Government Schemes Facilitated By the Project The project activities enabled the beneficiaries to take the benefits of

governmental scheme. It could have been possible because of the sensitization

measures taken by Gram Sabhas and Livelihoods promoters in project

intervened villages and the inbuilt provision of convergence in the scheme.

39

The beneficiaries of the scheme were able to get the benefit of MNREGA with

the help of MPRLP.

People were found benefitted by Governmental Schemes such as L.L.Y,

Nirashrit Pension, Swajal Dhara Scheme and NREGS with facilitation from

MPRLP.

14. Gender Equity and Women Empowerment

The study explored that wide ranging reforms has been carried out

under the project. The selection of females as beneficiaries under the scheme

is a part of such initiative. It is seen that large numbers of women were

associated with the project in different forms such as project beneficiaries,

livelihood promoters, PFTs, member of SHG‟s etc. Further with the project

interventions, participation of the women in Gram Sabha meetings has been

enhanced. Being associated with the project, their say in the household

decisions has also been enhanced.

Women participation in project activities has also helped in reducing

social evils particularly domestic violence. It has also resulted in increased

instances of women raising their concerns and taking parts in the decision-

making processes in the family.

The other noticeable contribution done by the project in the women‟s

sphere of life was related to the initiations and promotions of Gobar Gas Plants

and Smokeless Chulhas in the project villages. Sizeable number of plants could

be seen in the project villages during the field visits and was also reported by

the beneficiaries in the PRA exercises. As a result of these initiatives the

women who otherwise were directly affected (physically, physiologically and

mentally) were found more comfortable.

The other examples of women empowerment could be seen of them

being involved in income generating either individually at the family level or

in group. The vegetable cultivations, beads making and poultry were some

the initiatives where quite good number of women in project villages were

involved and as a result there was betterments in their socio-economic

realities.

15. Environmental Impacts – the Use of Non-Conventional Energy

It has been seen that MPRLP converged with government departments

towards enhancing the access of the energy to the needy people. In this

regards the promotions of bio-gas plants (Gobar Gas) and smokeless stoves

have been started. For the construction and maintenance of the bio-gas

equipments person at the local level had been trained, which enhances the

long term viability of such reforms. In these initiatives the project has

achieved not only the goals of environment protection but also provided fuel

40

to the local families by the using cattle dung, reduced the cutting of jungles,

protected the forests and safeguarded the well-beings of the women.

16. Emergency Fund

There were instances of existence of the “Emergency funds” in some of

the districts under the project. This fund is used to support the sudden and

emergent requirements of the villagers locally without hassles. It is an

innovative concept of facilitating the local people with the monetary support

thus minimizing their dependency on money lenders.

17. Salient Impact Areas

The finding suggested that besides the role of MPRLP as a project the

other factors such as the terrain, people and their socio cultural realities, the

capacities of MPRLP functionaries the approaches and allocation of resources

might have played pertinent roles.

The study revealed the practicality of the approaches adopted by the

project. It seems that the functionaries did not suffice only on providing

information rather they facilitated in „use of information‟ and securing

benefits from that information. The finding on the role of motivators and

benefits from attending GS meeting has confirmed these notions.

The poor performance on various parameters in Sheopur has reasons

to explore the factors which might have contributed to the debacle e.g. the

familiarity/ awareness with LP (Ajeevika Mitra/ Sakhi) with LP in Sheopur

was reported by 7% beneficiaries only. The programme and functionaries

being intact and of uniform nature, the Sheopur saga is beyond plan

expectations.

One of the important trends which could be seen from the findings of

the study is that the roles of the project in various walks of the life have been

appreciated by the beneficiaries. There were hardly any occasion when the

positive impacts of the programmatic interventions under MPRLP were

denied in totality. There has been difference of impacts within districts but

those might not be evidences to negate the impacts as such.

41

8-2 o"kZ 2010&11 esa baVZl }kjk fd;s x;s v/;;u dh lwph &

S.N. Name of Intern Name of the Institute

Name of the Department to which Intern is

attached

Topic Assigned

1 Mr. Nishant Kumar XIM-Bhubaneswar Urban Administration and Development

Impact Assessment of centrally sponsored scheme-JNNURM

2 Mr. Soumyasankha Maiti

XIM- Bhubaneswar Urban Administration and Development

Identification of Implementation Hindrances and recommendation of mitigation measures in Project UDAY, Bhopal.

3 Mr. Bibekananda Panda

XIM- Bhubaneswar Commerce, Industries and Employment

Study of Job Fairs organized by the Department of Industries and Commerce, Madhya Pradesh

4 Mr. Ravindra Kr. Jena

XIM- Bhubaneswar Commerce, Industries and Employment

Career Counseling Scheme in Madhya Pradesh -A study of three districts.

5 Mr. K.V.Gopa Kumar IIT-Kanpur Narmada Valley Development Authority

Study for Expeditious

Processing of

Environment

Clearances for Projects

of Narmada Valley

Development Authority

(NVDA)

6 Mr. Chetak Chauhan IIT-Kanpur Water Resources Process Mapping of the Court Cases as a pre requisite for an Online IT System

7 Ms. Ruchira Vats XIB-Bhuvneshwar water Resources The restructuring and rightsizing of E & M unit of water resource department, Madhya Pradesh.

8 Mr. Arijit Basu IIT-Kanpur Water Resources Process of recovery of water cess under irrigation projects of Madhya Pradesh Water Resource department

42

9 Mr. Samrat Gupta IIFM- Bhopal Women and Child Development

To study the implementation of Sajha Chulha as supplementary food scheme

10 Mr. Saurabh Gupta IIT- Delhi Women and Child Development

Study of Department MIS, Department of Women and Child Development, Madhya Pradesh.

11 Mr. Dhiraj Kumar IIT-Kanpur Rajeev Gandhi Watershed Mission (Panchayat and Rural Development)

Application of GIS in Watershed Management Projects

12 Ms Bhawana Gautam

BHU Panchayat and Rural Development

Social Audit and Good Governance in MGNREGA

13 Mr. Rajeev Ranjan IIT-Kanpur Rajeev Gandhi Watershed Mission (Panchayat and Rural Development)

Project Report for design and efficiency of water harvesting structures & suggested measures for optimum utilization & its sustainability

14 Ms. Jyotsana Singh IIFM- Bhopal DPIP (Panchayat and Rural Development)

Market Need Assessment and Supply Chain Analysis in connection with the producer organization engaged in Soybean and Wheat seed Production.

15 Ms. Navneet Thind IIFM- Bhopal DPIP (Panchayat and Rural Development)

Study on potential of Micro financing to the SHGs/VDCs through development of community finance organization (CFOs) in selected districts of MPDPIP

16 Govind kumar Rai IRMA- Anand Panchayat and Rural Development

Assessment of the Effectiveness and Impact of Dug well Sub Scheme under MGNREGS in Hydrologically Problematic Blocks of Madhya Pradesh

43

17 Karan Preet Singh IRMA- Anand Panchayat and Rural Development

Evaluation and Impact of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana in generating sustainable livelihoods in Madhya Pradesh

18 Althaf S. IIT-Madras MPRRDA (Panchayat and Rural Development)

Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) in Madhya Pradesh

19 Shely Yadav IIT-Kanpur MPRRDA (Panchayat and Rural Development)

IT application & programming for development of maintenance, Management software & its applications

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