1

lkjka’k %&

vktP;k tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k dkGkr tx ,d >kys vkgs- ekfgrh ra=KkukP;k tkG;keqGs laizs’k.k] vknku&iznku ok<ysys vkgs- lkaLd`frd] Hkkf’kd] lkfgfR;d cny gksr vkgsr o Hkk’kkgh cnyr vkgs- ejkBh Hkk’kk rj vusd vkdze.k >syr iq<s pkyr jkfgyh vkgs- lkfgR;kr vkRekfo’dkj vlwu ekuoh Hkkofo”ok”kh R;kpk laca/k vlrks- ekuokps laLd`rh :Ik Eg.kts lkfgR; fufeZrh vlrs- ekuoh; cq/nhpk vkf.k laosnu”khyrspk furkar je.kh; foykl Eg.kts lkfgR; gks;-

lkfgR;kPkk vkarjfo|k’kk[kh; vH;kl

yrk izdk’k egktu

izeq[k] ejkBh foHkkx ] “kkjnkckbZ iokj efgyk egkfo|ky; ] “kkjnkuxj] ekGsxkao cqAA]rk- ckjkerh ft- iq.ks-

2

1)izLrkouk %&

2½ foKku lkfgR; &

3½ foKku lkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh Hkk”kk &

4½ vkLoknd foKku &

lkfgR; usgehp ek.klkyk lkg¸; djhr vkysya vkgs- rsp R;kP;klkBh vk”kspa] lkg;kpa vkf.k “kkS;kZpa izsj.kkL=ksr cuwu jkfgysya vkgs- vkiyk Hkkjr ns”k vusd lkfgR; laiUu v”kk Hkk’kkapk ns”k vkgs vkf.k Eg.kwu vkiY;k ;k lkfgR;kpk vkarjfo|k”kk[kh; vH;kl gks.ks vR;ar xjtsps vkgs-

^^pkYlZ uksfM;kus EgVys vkgs dh ,[kkn;k lektkps fp= R;kP;k lkfgR;kr meVrs- jkWCkVZ ykWMZ fyVuP;k ers ,[kkn;k jk’Vªkps lkfgR; Eg.kts usgehp R;krhy ek.klkapk bfrgkl vlrks-**

l/;kps ;qx gs lkfgR;kpk lokZaxh.k vH;kl dj.;kps vkgs vls EgVys rj okoxs B: u;s- dkj.k ek.klkyk cgqvk;keh] cgqHkkf’kd tj cuk;ps vlsy rj R;kpk brj “kk[kkapk ,desdka”kh dlk laca/k vkgs ;kcjkscjp mi;ksx dlk gksbZy gs igkos ykxsy-

foKkukojhy fy[kk.k cgqjaxh vlrs- MkW- t;ar ukjGhdj ;kauh R;kps oxhZdj.k djrkukp R;kph mi;qDrrk Li’V dsysyh vkgs- 1½ la”kks/kukps izca/k 2½ fjOgw vkfVZdy ¼Eg.ktsp foKkukP;k ,[kkn;k “kk[kk & mi”kk[ksrhy tkxfrd izxrhpk vk<kok½ 3½ fu;rdkfydk 4½ foKkudks”k 5½ oSKkfud ekfgrh iqjfo.kkjs ekfld mnk- xks- jk- ijkatis ;kauh lq: dsysyh ys[k ijaijk 6½ dFkk & dknacjh dfork ;kaP;k ek/;ekrwu oSKkfud dYiuk ekaM.ks-

;kaP;k ek/;ekrwu yksdtkx`rh gksrs vkf.k foKku yksdkai;Zar iksgprs- R;kp lkfgR;d`rhpk osxosxG;k vaxkus vH;kl djrk ;srks- foKkukrhy ,[kknh dYiuk xks’Vh:ikus ekaMrk vkyh rj okpd rh lgtxR;k vkRelkr d: “kdrks- MkW- t;ar ukjGhdj ;kapk ;{kkaph ns.kxh gk dFkklaxzg vlkp vkgs- foKkukrhy dkgh fl/nkar xks’Vh:ikus dFksOnkjs ekaMY;keqGs lkekU;ki;Zar foKku iksgpys-

ÝsM gkW,y ;k lqizfl/n [kxksy oSKkfudkps foKkudFkk fyfg.;kekxs ,d osxGsp dkj.k ?kMys- 1950&1960 P;k n”kdkr vkjafHkd Hkkxkr MkW- ÝsM gkW,y ;kauk ,d dYiuk lqpyh- varjkGkr rk&;k njE;ku vlysyk fo”kky izns”k gk;Mªkstu v.kwus O;kIr vkgs vlk ,d loZekU; let gksrk- gk;Mªkstu v.kwrhy ladze.kkeqGs R;krwu 21 ls-eh- ykachP;k ygjh fu?krkr o v”kk ygjh jsfMvks nqfcZ.khrwu izR;{k lkiMY;k gksR;k R;kiyhdMs tkÅu gkW,y ;kauh vlk rdZ mifLFkr dsyk dh ;k izns”kkr fofo/k js.kwauh O;kIr es?k i.k vkgsr- R;kekxph oSKkfud cSBd ekaM.kkjk la”kks/ku izca/k R;kauh fyfgyk i.k rks izfl/n djk;yk R;k fo’k;kryh fu;rdkfyds r;kj uOgrh- dkj.k cgqrsd “kkL=Kkauk gh dYiuk vokLro okVr gksrh- rsOgk R;kauh gh dYiuk ,dk foKku dFksr ?kkryh- o rh ̂ ^n CyWd DykÅM** The Black Cloud ¼d`’.kes?k½ ;k dkancjhP;k :ikus izfl/n dsyh- rh dknacjh dekyhph yksdfiz; >kyh- iq<s 1960 uarj feyhehVj osOgysaXFkP;k ygjhpaps VsyhLdksi izpkjkr vkys vkf.k [kxksy”kkL=Kkauk varjkGkr js.kwps es?k lkiMw ykxys & dkj.k v”kk js.kwrwu feyhehVjP;k vklikl ykachP;k ygjh fu?krkr-

,;- th- osYl] vkWFkZj lh DykdZ] es czWMojh] vk;>Wd vWflekOg ;kauh foKku lkfgR;kr Hkj ?kkryh rj lk;cj dWQs] ckG QksaMds] vkHkkG QkVya; y{e.k yksa<s] okjl & fujatu ?kkVs] izsf’kr] ;{kkaph ns.kxh MkW- t;ar ukjGhdj] vj.; :nu & larks’k f”kans] vfoLkw{e & egkizpaM “kSys”k ekGons ;kaps lkfgR; vkgs-

foKku lkfgR;krhy ejkBh Hkk’kk lk/kh] ljG vlrs- vktdky ejkBhoj baxzthps vkdze.k gksr vkgs i.k gs vfrdze.k u ekurk ejkBh Hkk’ksr vktP;k foKku ;qxkr ts oSKkfud “kCn :< >kys vkgsr rs ijdh; Hkk’ksrhy vlys rjh tlsP;k rls ?;kosr- mnkgj.k Eg.kwu Vh- Ogh-] jsfMvks] ek;dzksOksOg] jkWdsV] b- “kCn ejkBh Hkk’ksr okijys rj baxzthps vkdze.k gks.kkj ukgh- [kqn~n baxzthusgh brj Hkk’kkarys “kCn vkRelkr d:u] ipowu vkiyh {kerk ok<oyh vkgs- foKkukrhy uouos “kks/k vkf.k ra=Kkukrhy vk/kqfud fufeZrh gs txHkj baxzthrwu izfl/n gksrkr- R;keqGs uoh “kCnfufeZrh vkf.k fryk ykHk.kkjh tuekU;rk baxzthrwu cgqrka”kh gksrs rsOgk v”kk foKkukP;k ik”oZHkwehoj fyfgysY;k lkfgR;kr ikfjHkkf’kd baxzth “kCn vkys rj fc?kMr ukgh vls MkW- t;ar ukjGhdj ;kauh EgVys vkgs-

lkfgR; gs ykfyrR;iw.kZ vlrs- rs okpkosls okVrs vkf.k uarj euke/;s :trs- lektkrhy va/kJ/nkoj mik; Eg.kts oSKkfud n`’Vhdksu lekteukr :tfo.ks Eg.kts uhV rikl.kh d:up ,[kkn;k xks’Vhpk Lohdkj dj.ks- gk n`’Vhdksu oSKkfud la”kks/kukP;k eqGk”kh vlyk rjh rks thoukr brj=gh ykxw iMrks Eg.kwup tulkekU;ki;Zar gs foKku lkfgR;kP;k ek/;ekrwu ikspk;yk gos gGwgGw iksprs vkgs- MkW- ukjGhdj Eg.krkr & ^^foKkukph xksGh tj dk dMw ykxr vlsy rj R;kyk ^^lk[kjsps dksVhax** d:u rs okpdkai;Zar iksgpoys ikfgts-

ygkui.kkiklwup v”kh foKkukP;k lkfgR;kph xksMh ykork ;srs- ̂ ^gospk nkc tkLr nkckdMwu deh nkckdMs tkrks** ;k

lkfgR;kPkk vkarjfo|k’kk[kh; vH;kl

3

lanHkkZryh ckydFkk lkaxrk ;sbZy-,dk dksYgk vkf.k djdkspk ;kaph ?kfu’B eS=h gksrh- ,dnk dksYg;kus djdksP;kyk tsok;yk cksykoya vkf.k c”khr [khj

fnyh- R;kP;k fueqGR;k ckjhd pkspheqGs R;kyk [khj [kkrk vkyh ukgh- rks mik”kh jkfgyk dksYg;kus ek= R;kphgh [khj [kkÅu Vkdyh- uarj djdksP;kus dksYg;kyk tsok;yk cksykoya vkf.k ,dk map ekusP;k lqjbZr cklqanh Hk:u dksYg;kleksj Bsoyh- djdkspk cklqanh ihr gksrk vkf.k dksYgk ek= dkghp d: “kdr uOgrk- R;kyk dGya dh gk vkiY;k ekxP;k osGsP;k okx.;kP;k lanHkkZrwu cnyk ?ksrks;- rks dkghp cksysuk ex djdksP;kus dk; dsys dh R;kyk ,d uGh fnyh rks cklqanhr Vkdwu ih Eg.kwu lkafxrys- dksYg;kus rls dsys vkf.k dk; vk”p;Z! dksYg;kyk cklqanhpk vkLokn ?ksrk vkyk- dksYg;kus djdksP;kph {kek ekfxryh vkf.k R;kyk fopkjya dh gs dla “kD; >kya\ rsOgk djdkspk Eg.kkyk] ̂ ^uGhrwu nzoinkFkZ firkuk vkiY;kyk vki.k nzoinkFkZ oj [ksprks; vla okVra] i.k [kja rla ulra- izR;{kkr vki.k uGhrhy nzoinkFkkZojhy gok frFkwwu dk<wu ?ksr vlrks- R;keqGs rsFkhy gospk nkc deh gksrks- uGhrhy nzO;kaP;k LraHkkdMhy nkc <Grks- R;k LraHkkP;k rGk”kh tkLr nkc vkf.k LraHkkoj deh nkc v”kh fLFkrh gksrs- tkLr nkc deh nkckdMs tkÅ ykxrks R;keqGs nzoinkFkZ oj p<rks vkf.k rksaMkr ;srks**-

vla gksra rj! dksYgk Eg.kkyk- “ksoVh nks?kkauh [kjh eS=h dj.;kps ,desdkauk opu fnys vu~ rs lq[kkr jkgw ykxys- v”kk i/nrhus foKkukykgh vkLoknd cufork ;srs-

ejkBh foKku ifj’knsrQsZgh osxosxGs midze jkcfoys tkrkr- lektkrhy T;k dkgh :<h] ijaijk vkgsr R;krhy foKkugh myxMrk ;srs- mnk- rqGl nkjkr dk vlkoh\ rqG”khe/kys xq.k/keZ dks.krs\ ¼vks>ksu ok;w½ b- rlsp n`’VekG vlrs Eg.kts fejph vkf.k fyacw ,df=r vksowu nqdkukr ykoys tkrkr- R;krys foKkugh dGrs- iwohZP;k dkGh vkiY;k “ksrhiz/kku laLd`rhr tkLrhr tkLr yksd [ksM;kr jkgr- “ksrkr tkr dke djr vlrkauk liZna”kkph fHkrh vlrs- ;kr vusdt.k e`R;weq[kh iMk;ps- fo’kkjh likZpk na”k >kyk rj izFke ek.klkph po vksG[k.;kph {kerk deh gksrs- R;keqGs fo’kkjh liZ pkoyk dh fcufo’kkjh gs let.;klkBh v”kk liZna”k >kysY;k ek.klkyk fejph pkok;yk fnyh tkbZ- ;krhy nqljh oLrw fyacw] “ksrd&;kayk vaxesgur djkoh ykxk;ph lrr mUgkr dke djkos ykxk;ps ,[kkns osGh ukdkPkk ?kks.kk QqVk;pk v”kk osGh vkS’k/kh ouLirhcjkscj fyackpk jl fnyk dh cjs okVk;ps- vlsgh fyacw ik.kh I;k;ys rjh izlUu okVrs-

“ksoVph oLrw fcCck- gh ,d nqyZf{kr i.k vkS’k/kh ouLirh vkgs- iksVkr nq[kr vlys rj ng;kr fCkC;kps rsy Vkdwu ?ksrys dh iksVnq[kh Fkkacrs- vaxnq[khoj fcC;kps rsy ykowu ekfy”k dsys rj cjs okVrs- ik;kr dkVk :ryk dh fcCck xje d:u R;k tkxsoj pVdk nsrkr v”kk ;k cgqxq.kh oLrw pVdu lkiMkO;kr Eg.kwu ,df=r nkjkr cka/k.;kph i/nr gksrh- vekoL;k ikSf.kZesyk gs cnyys tkr vls- vktgh gh n`’VekG ykoysyh fnlrs- vls vusd ladsr vkf.k oSKkfud n`’Vhdksu ;kaph lkaxM ?kkryh ikfgts-

oSKkfud n`’Vhdksu lar lkfgR;krwugh fnlwu ;srks-

uols dU;k & iq= gksrh

ex dk ykxs irh\

vlk iz”u rqdkjke egkjktkauh fopkjyk gksrk- lar xkMxsckckaps LoPNrk vfHk;ku gh ,d oSKkfud n`’Vhp gksrh- lkfgR;krwu ;k oSKkfud n`’Vhdksukpk vf/kd mRd’kZ Ogkok Eg.kts lekt] vkiyk Hkkjr ns”k lkus xq:thP;k “kCnkr &

^^cylkxj Hkkjr gksoksfo”okr “kksHkwuh jkgks**

vlk >kY;kf”kok; jkg.kkj ukgh-

1-;{kkaph ns.kxh & t;ar ukjGhdj ekSt izdk”kux`g] eqacbZ ikpoh vko`Rrh 20012-ejkBh foKku ifj’kn if=dk tkusokjh 20123-lkfgR; “kks/k.kh & MkW- m’kk ns”ke[k uhgkjk izdk”ku iq.ks & 2 izFkeko`Rrh ekpZ 1989

lanHkZ lwph &

lkfgR;kPkk vkarjfo|k’kk[kh; vH;kl