living color (sep-08).pmd

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

159

'kdYwm0ef ta&;okH;yg;

jynfaxmifpk rNyKduGJa&; 'kdYta&;

wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrI rNyKduGJa&; 'kdYta&;

tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHhckdifNrJa&; 'kdYta&;

jynfolYoabmxm;

Ä jynfytm;ukd; ykqdef½kd; tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm; qefYusifMu/

Ä EkdifiHawmf wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh EkdifiHawmfwkd;wufa&;ukd aESmifh,Suf zsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/

Ä EkdifiHawmf\ jynfwGif;a&;ukd 0ifa&mufpGufzufaESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/

Ä jynfwGif;jynfy tzsuform;rsm;tm; bkH&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu/

EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

Ä EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;?

Ä trsKd;om; jyefvnfpnf;vkH;nDñGwfa&;?

Ä ckdifrmonfh zGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'opf jzpfay:vma&;?

Ä jzpfay:vmonfh zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'opfESifhtnD acwfrDzGHUNzKd;wkd;wufaom EkdifiHawmfopfwpf&yf wnfaqmufa&;?

pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

Ä pkdufysKd;a&;ukdtajccHí tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;ukdvnf; bufpkHzGHUNzKd;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;?

Ä aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&;?

Ä jynfwGif;jynfyrS twwfynmESifh t&if;tESD;rsm; zdwfac:í pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzKd;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;?

Ä EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvkH;ukd zefwD;EkdifrIpGrf;tm;onf EkdifiHawmfESifh wkdif;&if;om;jynfolwkdY\ vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;?

vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

Ä wpfrsKd;om;vkH;\ pdwf"mwfESifh tusifhpm&dwåjrifhrm;a&;?

Ä trsKd;*kPf Zmwd*kPf jrifhrm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;? trsKd;om;a&;vu©Pmrsm; raysmufysufatmif

xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;?

Ä rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&;?

Ä wpfrsKd;om;vkH; usef;rmBuHhckdifa&;ESifh ynm&nfjrifhrm;a&;?

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

1

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER, 2008. Editorial

EdkfifiHom;tzGJYtpnf;rsm; oefpGrf;a&;NyD;cJhaom arvu jzpfay:cJhaom em*pfrkefwkdif;tNyD;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHonf EkdifiHwumwGif

txl;ausmfMum;oGm;cJhNyD; urÇmay:&Sdtiftm;BuD;onf[k rdrdukd,frdrd,lqxm;onfh tzGJUtpnf;

tm;vkH; rdrdwkdYtzGJYtpnf;twGuf udk,fpDrSwfwkdifpkdufxl&ef jrefrmEkdifiHokdYvma&mufcJhMu

&onfukd awGY&ygonf/

rdrdwkdYonf vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;onhfpdwfxm; tjynhft0&SdonfhtzGJUtpnf;

jzpfonf[k jyoEkdif&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? xkdokdYjyoonhf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif usef&pfjzpf

raecJhap&eftwGufvnf;aumif; vmcJhMuaom EkdifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsKd;pkHonf ,cktcg

jrefrmEkdifiH {&m0wDwkdif;&Sda'otoD;oD;wGif u,fq,fa&;ESihf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;

wkduf½kdufjzpfap? oG,f0kdufíjzpfap vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfukd awGU&ygonf/ xkdokdY

u,fq,fa&;ESihf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; tqifajyacsmarGUapa&;twGuf &efukefNrdKU

awmfwGif Cluster Meeting ac: vkyfief;rsKd;pktvkduf tpktzGJUtpnf;ta0;rsm; usif;yaecJhMu

onfukdvnf; awGYjrifEkdifygonf/

okdYaomfvnf; xkdokdYaom Cluster Meeting ac: vkyfief;rsKd;pktvkduf tpnf;ta0;yGJ

rsm;ukdMunhfvQif EkdifiHjcm;om;trsm;pkjzpfNyD; EkdifiHom;tenf;tusOf;omyg0ifonfukd awGU&

ayonf/ EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;taejzihf a&jcm;? ajrjcm;rS jrefrmEkdifiHokdY vma&mufulnDonfukd

aus;Zl;wif&Sd&rnfrSefaomfvnf; jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm; tdyfrufrrufEkdifaom vpm &du©mESifh

tcGif hta&;rsm;&&S dí vma&mufolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ xkdp&dwfpursm;onfvnf;

{&m0wDwkdif;rS jynfolvlxktwGuf rnfrQaxmufyHhxm;ygonfqkdaom tvSLaiGpm&if;wGif

xnhfaygif;oGm; vdrfhrnfqkdaomtcsufukdvnf; pmzwfolrsm; owdjyKapvkdygonf/

qkdvkdonfrSm vma&mufulnDolrsm;ukd aus;Zl;rwifvkdonhfoabmr[kwfbJ

jrefrmEkdifiHokdY ulnDaxmufyHhrIrsm;onf EkdifiHom;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; oefpGrf;rI&SdcJhvQif ykdrkdí

xda&mufvdrfhrnfqkdaomoabmukd qkdvkd&if;jzpfygonf/

t,f'Dwmt,f'Dwm

t,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwm

11-8-200811-8-2008

11-8-200811-8-200811-8-2008

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

4

LIVING COLOR. 158, SEPTEMBER 2008.,ckvtBuKdufqkH;aMumfjim

,ckvtBudKufqHk;aMumfjimtjzpf ½kyfoHrD'D,mrsm;ESifh tywfpOfxkwf*sme,frsm;wGif azmfjyyg&Sdaom

Ovaltine aMumfjimukd a&G;cs,fvkdufygonf/ Munfh½Iolrsm; pdwf0ifpm;rI&Sdap&ef aMumfjimvkdonfhukefypönf;ukd

xda&mufaomyHhykd;rIrsm;jzifh azmfjyxm;jcif;? ya[VdykHpHjzifh tykdif;ESpfykdif;cJGí wifqufxm;jcif;? aMumfjimwGif

yg0ifaomo½kyfaqmifrsm;rSm jynfyrSuav;o½kyfaqmifrsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf tjrifqef;opfrI&Sdjcif;? aMumfjim

wGiftokH;jyKxm;aomta&mifrsm;rSm tjcm;aMumfjimrsm;ESifhrwlbJ uJGjym;pGmqJGaqmifEkdifjcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;

aMumifh a&G;cs,fazmfjy&jcif; jzpfygonf/

pDpOfonfhtzJGUtpnf; - Future Com. Advertising Co., Ltd.

ESifhxkwfvTifhonfhrD'D,m

jyocsdef - 15 puúefY (yxrykdif; - ya[Vdar;cGef;)

30 puúefY ('kwd,ykdif; - ya[Vd\tajz)

t,f'Dwmt,f'Dwm


PRODUCT OF THE MONTH

,ckvtBuKdufqkH;aMumfjim

ADVERTISEMENT OF THE MONTH

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

5

LIVING COLOR. 158, SEPTEMBER 2008.,ckvtBuKdufqkH;0efaqmifrI

,ckvtBudKufqHk;0efaqmifrItjzpf pdwful;csKdcsKdtEkynmvkyfief;\ rdwfaqGjzpfpmzwfolrsm; tpDtpOf

udka&G;cs,fvdkufygonf/ tqkdygtpDtpOfwGif pmtkyfta&mif;qkdifr[kwfbJ wpfOD;csif;pmzwfy&dowfrsm;tae

jzifh &efukefNrdKU yef;qkd;wef;vrf;&Sd avmuewfjycef;ü Zlvdkifv 30 &ufrS Mo*kwfv 5 &uftxd usif;ycJhaom

pdwful;csKdcsKdpmtkyfta&mif;yGJüjzpfap? pdwful;csKdcsKdyif&if;wkdufwGifjzpfap usyf 20000 zdk;ESifhtxuf pmtkyf

0,f,lolrsm;udk rdwfaqGjzpftpDtpOft& wpfESpfpmoufwrf;&Sdonfh todtrSwfjyKuwfjym; xkwfay;rnfjzpf

NyD; tqdkygtodtrSwfjyKuwfjym;&&SdvQif pdwful;csKdcsKd\ pmtkyfowif;? ydkYpuwf? jyu©'defESifh vufurf;

pmapmifrsm;ukd tcgtm;avsmfpGm&&Sdrnfhtjyif 10 &mcdkifEIef;avQmhaps;jzifh pmtkyfrsm;0,f,lEkdifrnfjzpfonfh

twGuf pmtkyfwdkufwpfck\ xl;jcm;aom0efaqmifrItjzpf a&G;cs,fvdkuf&jcif;jzpfygonf/

t,f'Dwmt,f'Dwm


PRODUCT OF THE MONTH

,ckvtBuKdufqkH;0efaqmifrI

SERVICE OF THE MONTH

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

6

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.,ckvowif;tnTef;

Mo*kwfv 9 &ufaeYxkwf aMu;rHkowif;pm pmrsufESm 9 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh ]]jrefrmEkdifiH vlYtcGifhta&;

tajctaeqkdif&m txl;tpD&ifcHpm . . . &efukefNrdKUrS jyefvnfxGufcGm}} qdkaom owif;rS aumufEkwfazmfjyxm;jcif;

jzpfygonf/

NEWSMAKER OF THE MONTH

,ckvowif;tñTef;],ckvowif;tñTef;} u@ukd wpfvtwGif;jzpfay:cJhonfh xl;jcm;onfhowif;wpf&yfukd &nfñTef;rSwf

wrf;wifonfhu@tjzpf zGifhvSpfxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ þu@ukd vpOf azmifydwf&ufjzpfaom v\ 25 &uf

ukd rlwnfí &ufaygif; 30 twGif; rD'D,mrsKd;pkHrS azmfjycJhaomowif;rsm;teufrS txl;jcm;qkH;owif;ukd t,f'Dwm

u pmzwfolrsm;tm; owdjyKrdapvkdí azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ taMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'DwmtaMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'Dwm

taMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'DwmtaMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'DwmtaMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'Dwm

tzGJU\tmabmtzGJU\tmabm

tzGJU\tmabmtzGJU\tmabmtzGJU\tmabm

fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/

fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHvlYtcGifUta&;tajctaeqkdif&m txl;tpD&ifcHpmwifoGif;olESifUtzGJYonf nae 6 em&DwGif ajrmufOuúvmyNrdKYe,f&Sd a&a0;okomefodkh oGm;a&mufonf/

Mr. Tomas Ojea Quintana onf rGef;vGJ 1 em&D 35 rdepfwGif bk&ifUaemifcef;rü tzGJYtm;vHk;ESifU pkaygif;awGYqHkí yPmrrdwfqufpum;ajymMum;NyD; rGef;vGJ 1 em&D 55 rdepfrS nae 3 em&D 45 rdepftxdEkdifiHa&; ygwDrsm;? EkdifiHa&;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;jzpfMuonfU trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf?wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD? jynfaxmifpkytdk0fUtrsKd;om;tzGJYcsKyf?wpfoD;yk*¾vtzGJY? 0HomEk NLD? 88-rsKd;qufausmif;om;vli,frsm; (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH)? acwfopf odyHÜEkdifiHa&;abm*aA'avhvma&;ausmif;awmfom;pk?EkdifiHa&;abm*aA'avUvma&; (rsKd;qufopf) ausmif;awmfom;pkESifU trsKd;om;nDvmcHESifU zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'axmufcHa&;tiftm;pkwdkhrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifUoD;jcm;pDawGYqHkonf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

7

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.,ckvowif;tnTef;

Mo*kwfv 8 &ufaeYxkwf EkdifiHydkifowif;pmrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh ]](41) ESpfajrmuf tmqD,HaeYtxdrf;

trSwftwGuf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDOuú| AkdvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;oef;a&TxHrS ay;ydkYonfh

0rf;ajrmufaMumif;o0PfvTm}} rS aumufEkwfazmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

],ckvowif;tñTef;} u@ukd wpfvtwGif;jzpfay:cJhonfh xl;jcm;onfhowif;wpf&yfukd &nfñTef;rSwf

wrf;wifonfhu@tjzpf zGifhvSpfxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ þu@ukd vpOf azmifydwf&ufjzpfaom v\ 25 &uf

ukd rlwnfí &ufaygif; 30 twGif; rD'D,mrsKd;pkHrS azmfjycJhaomowif;rsm;teufrS txl;jcm;qkH;owif;ukd t,f'Dwm

u pmzwfolrsm;tm; owdjyKrdapvkdí azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ taMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'DwmtaMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'Dwm

taMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'DwmtaMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'DwmtaMumif;t&ma&G;cs,fonfhrl0g'rSm t,f'Dwm

tzGJU\tmabmtzGJU\tmabm

tzGJU\tmabmtzGJU\tmabmtzGJU\tmabm

fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/

fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/fjzpfNyD; azmfjycsufrsm;onf rlvowif;Zmpfjrpf\tmabmftwkdif; jzpfygonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHtaejzifU vGefcJUonfUZlvdkifvu tmqD,Hy#dnmOfpmwrf;tm; twnfjyKcsKyfqdkEkdifcJUjcif;udkvnf; uREkfyftaejzifU rsm;pGm*kPf,lrdygonf/ tmqD,HtzGJY0ifEkdifiHrsm;onf tmqD,Hy#dnmOfpmwrf;yg jy|mef;csufrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfEkdifa&;twGuf jyifqifvsuf&Sdjcif;aMumifU ,ckESpfonf tmqD,HtzGJY BuD;twGuftxl;ta&;ygonfU toGiful;ajymif;a&;umvwpf&yfjzpfygonf/ tmqD,H\ ta&;ygonfUorkdif;rSwfwkdifwpf&yftjzpf wGifusefcJUrnfU tmqD,Hy#dnmOfpmwrf;onftmqD,H\zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'wpf&yfjzpfNyD; tzGJY0ifEkdifiHrsm;taejzifU y#dnmOfpmwrf;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifUtnD tzGJY BuD;\tem*wftwGuf yl;aygif;aqmif&GufEkdifMurnf jzpfygonf/

uREfkyfwkdh jrefrmjynfoljynfom;rsm;taejzifUvnf; ]wpfckwnf;aom toGifvu©Pm? wpfckwnf;aomtodkuft0ef;odkh 2015 ckepfwGif ta&mufvSrf;&ef}qkdonfU ,ckESpfaqmifyk'fESifUtnD tmqD,Htodkuft0ef; xlaxmif&mwGif twlwuG0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufMuyg[k wkdufwGef;EId;aqmftyfygonf/

NEWSMAKER OF THE MONTH

,ckvowif;tñTef;www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

8

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;owif;

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif rkefwkdif;tEå&m,fowday;uGef&ufpepfwpfck xlaxmifrnf

&efukef? Zlvkdif 10&efukef? Zlvkdif 10

&efukef? Zlvkdif 10&efukef? Zlvkdif 10&efukef? Zlvkdif 10

jrefrmEkdifiHü rkefwkdif;tEÅ&m,fowday;uGef&ufpepfwpfck xlaxmif

ay;rnfjzpfaMumif; xkdif;EkdifiH owif;jyefMum;a&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh enf;

ynm0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; refygwmEkdxkdif;u ajymMum;onf/

tqkdyguGef&ufpepfukd xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh rMumrDumvrsm;twGif;

xlaxmifay;a&;twGuf rpöwmygwmEkdxkdif;rSm Zlvkdifv 7 &ufaeYu jrefrm

EkdifiHrS oufqkdif&mwm0ef&Sdyk*¾Kdvfrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ rdrdwkdYxlaxmif

ay;rnfhuGef&ufpepfrSm ukvor*¾u &efukefNrKdUwGif xlaxmifxm;&Sday;

rnfh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fqkdif&mta&;ay:qufoG,fa&;pifwm (ETC)

ESifh qufET,frIr&Sdaomfvnf; vkyfief;oabmt& vufawGUyl;aygif;vkyf

aqmifrIrsm; &SdaernfjzpfaMumif; rpöwmygwmEkdxkdif;u qkdonf/ tqkdyg

rkefwkdif;tEÅ&m,fowday;uGef&ufpepfxlaxmifrnfh tao;pdwftpDtpOf

rsm;ukdrl oufqkdif&mESpfEkdifiHu qufvufowif;xkwfjyefrIrjyKao;ay/

B U S I N E S S N E W S

jrefrmUpD ;yGm;a&;owif;trSwf 158 2008 ckESpf? pufwifbmv

rmwdum

em*pf'PfcHjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o\ u,fq,fa&;vkyfief; tenf;qHk; wpfESpfem*pf'PfcHjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o\ u,fq,fa&;vkyfief; tenf;qHk; wpfESpf

em*pf'PfcHjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o\ u,fq,fa&;vkyfief; tenf;qHk; wpfESpfem*pf'PfcHjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o\ u,fq,fa&;vkyfief; tenf;qHk; wpfESpfem*pf'PfcHjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o\ u,fq,fa&;vkyfief; tenf;qHk; wpfESpf

tcsdef,l&efvkdtyf tcsdef,l&efvkdtyf

tcsdef,l&efvkdtyf tcsdef,l&efvkdtyf tcsdef,l&efvkdtyf

pifumylynma&;qkdif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pifumylynma&;qkdif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm;

pifumylynma&;qkdif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pifumylynma&;qkdif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pifumylynma&;qkdif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm; RV Centre

pmMunfhwkdufpmMunfhwkduf

pmMunfhwkdufpmMunfhwkdufpmMunfhwkduf

wGif tcrJhavhvmEkdif wGif tcrJhavhvmEkdif

wGif tcrJhavhvmEkdif wGif tcrJhavhvmEkdif wGif tcrJhavhvmEkdif

r[mrkedbk&m; ½kd;&mjcif;yG J b&mZD;Ek difiHom; 'kwd,tBudrfvma&mufr[mrkedbk&m; ½kd;&mjcif;yG J b&mZD;Ek difiHom; 'kwd,tBudrfvma&muf

r[mrkedbk&m; ½kd;&mjcif;yG J b&mZD;Ek difiHom; 'kwd,tBudrfvma&mufr[mrkedbk&m; ½kd;&mjcif;yG J b&mZD;Ek difiHom; 'kwd,tBudrfvma&mufr[mrkedbk&m; ½kd;&mjcif;yG J b&mZD;Ek difiHom; 'kwd,tBudrfvma&muf

avhvm avhvm

avhvm avhvm avhvm

ar,kopfawmBuKd;0kdif;rS uRef;opfrsm;xkwf,lrnfar,kopfawmBuKd;0kdif;rS uRef;opfrsm;xkwf,lrnf

ar,kopfawmBuKd;0kdif;rS uRef;opfrsm;xkwf,lrnfar,kopfawmBuKd;0kdif;rS uRef;opfrsm;xkwf,lrnfar,kopfawmBuKd;0kdif;rS uRef;opfrsm;xkwf,lrnf

pmoifausmif;rsm;wnfaqmuf&ef NrdKUawmfpnfyif usyfwpfbDvD,HoHk;pG Jpmoifausmif;rsm;wnfaqmuf&ef NrdKUawmfpnfyif usyfwpfbDvD,HoHk;pG J

pmoifausmif;rsm;wnfaqmuf&ef NrdKUawmfpnfyif usyfwpfbDvD,HoHk;pG Jpmoifausmif;rsm;wnfaqmuf&ef NrdKUawmfpnfyif usyfwpfbDvD,HoHk;pG Jpmoifausmif;rsm;wnfaqmuf&ef NrdKUawmfpnfyif usyfwpfbDvD,HoHk;pG J

a&aMumif;tmrcHavsmfaMu;oef; 500 ay;rnf

&efukef? Bo*kwf 1&efukef? Bo*kwf 1

&efukef? Bo*kwf 1&efukef? Bo*kwf 1&efukef? Bo*kwf 1

em*pfrkefwkdif;twGif; epfjrKyfoGm;

aom a&,mOfrsm;teuf a&aMumif;

tmrcHxm;&S daom a&,mOfrsm;uk d

jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;u avsmfaMu; usyf

oef; 500 ay;rnf[k jrefrmhtmrcHvkyf

ief;taxGaxGrefae*sm a'gufwmarmif

armifodrf;u ajymMum;onf/

tmrcHxm;&SdMuaom jynfwGif;

jrpfaMumif;oGm;oabFmwpfpif;ESifh urf;½kd;

wef;oGm;oabFmig;pif; pkpkaygif;

ajcmufpif; epfjrKyfcJhNyD; xkdoabFmrsm;rSm

tmrcHavsmfaMu;&&SdrnfjzpfaMumif;

¤if;u qufvufajymMum;onf/

{&mwkdif;twGif; jrefrmhtmrcH

vkyfief;XmecGJrsm; rsm;pGm&Sdaomfvnf;

tmrcHxm;jcif;\tusdK;ukd ,kHMunfrI

enf;aomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? ,if;uJh

okdY ab;tEÅ&m,frsKd;rBuHKawGUEkdif[kqkd

um uHukd,kHMunfolrsm;aMumifhvnf;

aumif; tmrcHxm;&Sdonfh pD;yGm;a&;

vkyfief;ta&twGuf enf;yg;vSaMumif;?

tqkdygepfjrKyfa&,mOfrsm;onf epfjrKyf

qkH;½IH;oGm;aomukefpnfrsm;twGufom

avsmfaMu;aiGjyef&rnfjzpfNyD; a&,mOf

ukd,fxnftmrcHrxm;&SdonfhtwGuf

a&,mOftwGuf avsmfaMu;r&EkdifaMumif;

¤if;xHrS od&onf/

ZGefpy,fjzLZGefpy,fjzL

ZGefpy,fjzLZGefpy,fjzLZGefpy,fjzL

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

9


List of International NGOs Supporting / Implement-ing Disaster Response in Delta and Yangon Division1 - Action Aid2 - Action by Churches Together (ACT)3 - Action Contre la Faim/ Action Against Hunger (ACF)4 - Adventist Development and Relief Agency Interntional

(ADRA)5 - Aide Médicale Internationale (AMI)6 - AmeriCares Foundation7 - Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA)8 - American Red Cross (ARC)9 - Association François-Xavier Bagnoud (AFXB)10 - Australian Aid International11 - Baptist World Aid (BWAid)12 - Burnet Institute13 - British Red Cross (BRC)14 - CARE15 - Caritas Internationalis16 - Cesvi17 - Christian Aid18 - Concern Worldwide19 - Danish Church Aid20 - Direct Relief International (DRI)21 - Emergency Assistance Team (EAT-BURMA)22 - European Commission - Humanitarian Aid Office

(ECHO)23 - French Red Corss24 - Gates Foundation25 - Global Refugee International26 - HelpAge International27 - Hong Kong Red Cross28 - International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)29 - International Development Enterprises (IDE)30 - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent

Societies (IFRC)31 - International HIV/AIDS Alliance (Alliance)32 - International Medical Corps (IMC)

33 - International Organization for Migration (IOM)34 - International Rescue Committee (IRC)35 - Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS)36 - Malteser International37 - Marie Stopes International (MSI)38 - Médecins du Monde (MDM)39 - Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF, or Doctors Without

Borders)40 - Medical Emergency Relief International (Merlin)41 - Medical Teams International (MTI)42 - Mercy Corps (MC)43 - MERCY Malaysia44 - Muslim Aid45 - Norwegian Church Aid46 - Norwegian People's Aid47 - Oxfam International48 - PACT Myanmar49 - Plan50 - Project HOPE51 - Relief International (RI)52 - Save the Children (SC)53 - Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nehayan Foundation,54 - Solidarites55 - Swiss Aid56 - Tearfund57 - Telecoms Sans Frontieres58 - Trócaire59 - Tzu Chi Foundation60 - Welthungerhilfe -- [German Agro Action (GAA)]61 - World Concern (WC)62 - World Vision (WV)63 - Enfants du monde (EMDH)List of International Donor Agencies/Offices Ac-tive in Disaster Response1 - Asian Development Bank (ADB)2 - Australian Agency for International Development

(AusAID)

em*pfrkefwkdif;'PfoifUa'orsm;wGif u,fq,fa&;ESifUjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk yHUydk;ulnDaqmif&Gufvsuf&SdMuonfU

EkdifiHwumtpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJYtpnf; (((((INGO))))) rsm;jrefrmEkdifiHü em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;wkdufcwfrI'Pfudk tqdk;&Gm;qHk;cHpm;cJh&aom {&m0wDwkdif;ESifh &efukefwkdif;&Sd NrdKUe,f

rsm;ü rkefwkdif;'Pfoifhjynfolrsm;udk u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; yHhydk;ulnDaqmif&GufaeMuonfh EkdifiH

wumtpkd;&r[kwfaom vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf; (INGO) rsm;\pm&if;udk xyfrHjznfhpGufpkpnf;azmfjyvdkufygonf/ Oa&my

or*¾tzGJU0ifEkdifiHrsm;tygt0if EkdifiHwumrS tpdk;&tcsKdUuvnf; tqdkyg INGO rsm;rSwpfqifh rkefwkdif;'Pfoifha'orsm;odkY

enf;ynm? aiGaMu;tultnDESifh u,fq,faxmufyHha&;ypönf;rsm;udk wdkuf½kdufay;ydkYvsuf&Sdygonf/ [ NyD;cJhonfh Zlvkdifvxkwf

Living Color r*¾Zif; trSwf (156) rsufESmzHk;aqmif;yg;yg tqdkyg INGO rsm;pm&if;wGif INGO tzGJUtpnf;tcsKdU\trnf

rsm; xnfhoGif;azmfjy&ef usef&pfcJhojzifh ydkrdkjynfhpHkap&ef xyfrHjznfhpGufpkpnf;azmfjyxm;ygonf/]

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

10


3 - Canadian Embassy/Government4 - Department for International Development (DfID)5 - European Commission's Humanitarian Aid Office

(ECHO)6 - Gates Foundation7 - Hewlett Foundation8 - Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)9 - Latet - Israel Humanitarian Aid10 - Royal Norwegian Embassy/Government11 - STB Foundation12 - Swedish International Development Cooperation

Agency (SIDA)13 - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)14 - Three Diseases Fund (3DF)15 - United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humani-

tarian Affairs (OCHA)16 - United States Agency for International Development

(USAID)

em*pf'PfcHjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o\ u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;tenf;qHk; wpfESpftcsdef,l&efvkdtyf

&efukef? Mo*kwf 2&efukef? Mo*kwf 2

&efukef? Mo*kwf 2&efukef? Mo*kwf 2&efukef? Mo*kwf 2

UNICEF Xmaeukd,fpm;vS,fXmaeukd,fpm;vS,f

Xmaeukd,fpm;vS,fXmaeukd,fpm;vS,fXmaeukd,fpm;vS,f

em*pfrkefwkdif;wkdufcwfNyD;aemufykdif; jyif;xefpGmxdckdufcJhonfh jrpf0uRef;ay:a'owGif vlom;csif;pmemaxmuf

xm;rIqkdif&mu,fq,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh ukvor*¾uav;rsm;&efyHkaiGtzGJU (UNICEF) u

u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpf&m tenf;qHk;wpfESpfcefY tcsdef,l&efvkdtyfaMumif; tqkdyg

tzGJU\ jrefrmEkdifiHXmaeukd,fpm;vS,f rpöwm&mruf&Sf&S&ufpfomu ZlvkdifvaemufqHk;ywftwGif; ajymMum;onf/

¤if;u ]]tckqkd&if em*pfrkefwkdif;oGm;cJhwm oHk;v&SdaeNyD/ 'gayrJh rdom;pkoHk;ypönf;awG jzefYa0ay;zkdY? uav;aysmfwJh

ae&mawGpDpOfay;zkdY? a&oefYypönf;awGay;tyfzkdY? umuG,faq;xkd;zkdY pwJhvkyfp&mawGu trsm;BuD;usefaeygao;w,f/

'Dvkyfief;u tenf;qHk; wpfESpfavmufawmh tcsdef,l&r,f/ rkefwkdif;'PfcHxm;&wJha'oawGukd oGm;EkdifwJhtaetxm;

ay:rSmvnf; rlwnfaeygw,f}} [k qkdonf/

UNICEF \ vwfwavmaqmif&Gufaeonfh u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd avhvm&ef Zlvkdifv 20 &ufrS 24

&uftxd jrefrmEkdifiHokdYvma&mufcJhaom ta&;ay:tpDtpOfrsm;qkdif&mñTefMum;a&;rSL; rpöwm vl0D-a,mhcsf tmqDEkdvf

uvnf; ]]uav;awGeJY olwkdY&JUrdom;pkawG &,lcHpm;EkdifwJh vlrIa&;vkyfief;awGrSm ododomomwkd;wufaumif;rGefvm

atmifvkyfay;jcif;tm;jzifh rkefwkdif;'PfcHpm;&wJhvlawG&JUb0awG ykdaumif;atmif jyefvnfwnfaqmufEkdifwJhtcGifhta&;

awG UNICEF rSm&Sdaeygw,f}} [k jznfhpGufajymqkdonf/

jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;rSm tm;&p&maumif;aMumif;? pdefac:rIrsm;pGm&Sdaeao;aomfvnf; UNICEF taejzifh

u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkdtyfaeoa&GU qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHc&D;pOftwGif;

rkefwkdif;'PfcHa'owpfckjzpfonfh {&m0wDwkdif; bkduav;NrdKUokdY oGm;a&mufcJhol rpöwmtmqDEkdvfu qkdonf/

rkefwkdif;'PfcHrdom;pkrsm;\tajctaersm; tjynfht0jyefvnfaumif;rGefvmonftxd u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;

ukd qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;rnf[k qkdxm;aom tqkdyg UNICEF onf jrefrmEkdifiHokdY 1950 jynfESpfuwnf;u

a&muf&SdcJhNyD; tajccHynma&;? uav;oli,fumuG,fa&;? usef;rma&;ESifh tm[m&? a&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;

ponfwkdYukdaqmif&Gufaeonfh tzGJUtpnf;wpfckjzpfonf/

17 - World BankList of UN Organizations Active in DisasterResponse- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)- UNAIDS (The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV

and AIDS)- UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)- UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)- UN Habitat (United Nations Human Settlements

Programme)- UNHCR (United Nations High Commissionor for Refu-

gees)- UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)- UNOCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs)- WFP (World Food Programme)- WHO (World Health Organization)

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

11


ckdukd;&mrJUESifU rdbrJUuav;rsm;ukd a*[mESifUoifwef;ausmif;wGifapmifUa&Smufjcif;xuf&yf&GmtajcjyKvlYtzGJYtpnf;wGif apmifUa&Smufjcif;u taumif;qkH;jzpf[kqkdowif;aqmif;yg; owif;aqmif;yg;

owif;aqmif;yg; owif;aqmif;yg; owif;aqmif;yg; - Mass Peafowl News

? 31-7-2008? 31-7-2008

? 31-7-2008? 31-7-2008? 31-7-2008

ajctaetrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ckdukd;&mrJhESifh rdbrJhjzpfoGm;&onfhuav;i,frsm;ukd jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&mwGif y&[dwajctaetrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ckdukd;&mrJhESifh rdbrJhjzpfoGm;&onfhuav;i,frsm;ukd jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&mwGif y&[dw

ajctaetrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ckdukd;&mrJhESifh rdbrJhjzpfoGm;&onfhuav;i,frsm;ukd jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&mwGif y&[dwajctaetrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ckdukd;&mrJhESifh rdbrJhjzpfoGm;&onfhuav;i,frsm;ukd jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&mwGif y&[dwajctaetrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ckdukd;&mrJhESifh rdbrJhjzpfoGm;&onfhuav;i,frsm;ukd jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&mwGif y&[dw

a*[mrsm;ESif h oifwef;ausmif;wGif apmifha&Smufjcif;xuf &yf&GmtajcjyK vlYtzGJUtpnf;tokdif;t0kdif;wGifa*[mrsm;ESif h oifwef;ausmif;wGif apmifha&Smufjcif;xuf &yf&GmtajcjyK vlYtzGJUtpnf;tokdif;t0kdif;wGif

a*[mrsm;ESif h oifwef;ausmif;wGif apmifha&Smufjcif;xuf &yf&GmtajcjyK vlYtzGJUtpnf;tokdif;t0kdif;wGifa*[mrsm;ESif h oifwef;ausmif;wGif apmifha&Smufjcif;xuf &yf&GmtajcjyK vlYtzGJUtpnf;tokdif;t0kdif;wGifa*[mrsm;ESif h oifwef;ausmif;wGif apmifha&Smufjcif;xuf &yf&GmtajcjyK vlYtzGJUtpnf;tokdif;t0kdif;wGif

BuD;jyif;&Sifoefapjcif;u pdwfykdif;qkdif&mxdckdufcHpm;&rIrsm;ukd oufomaumif;rGefapNyD; b0a&SUa&; atmifjrifzGHUNzKd;BuD;jyif;&Sifoefapjcif;u pdwfykdif;qkdif&mxdckdufcHpm;&rIrsm;ukd oufomaumif;rGefapNyD; b0a&SUa&; atmifjrifzGHUNzKd;

BuD;jyif;&Sifoefapjcif;u pdwfykdif;qkdif&mxdckdufcHpm;&rIrsm;ukd oufomaumif;rGefapNyD; b0a&SUa&; atmifjrifzGHUNzKd;BuD;jyif;&Sifoefapjcif;u pdwfykdif;qkdif&mxdckdufcHpm;&rIrsm;ukd oufomaumif;rGefapNyD; b0a&SUa&; atmifjrifzGHUNzKd;BuD;jyif;&Sifoefapjcif;u pdwfykdif;qkdif&mxdckdufcHpm;&rIrsm;ukd oufomaumif;rGefapNyD; b0a&SUa&; atmifjrifzGHUNzKd;

wkd;wufa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKapEkdifaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uav;oli,fumuG,fa&;apmifha&Smufa&;wkd;wufa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKapEkdifaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uav;oli,fumuG,fa&;apmifha&Smufa&;

wkd;wufa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKapEkdifaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uav;oli,fumuG,fa&;apmifha&Smufa&;wkd;wufa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKapEkdifaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uav;oli,fumuG,fa&;apmifha&Smufa&;wkd;wufa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKapEkdifaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uav;oli,fumuG,fa&;apmifha&Smufa&;

aqmif&Gufaeonfh aqmif&Gufaeonfh

aqmif&Gufaeonfh aqmif&Gufaeonfh aqmif&Gufaeonfh INGO

rsm;ESif h jynfwGif; rsm;ESif h jynfwGif;

rsm;ESif h jynfwGif; rsm;ESif h jynfwGif; rsm;ESif h jynfwGif; NGO

rsm;\ okawoejyKcsufrsm;t& od&Sd&onf/ rsm;\ okawoejyKcsufrsm;t& od&Sd&onf/

rsm;\ okawoejyKcsufrsm;t& od&Sd&onf/ rsm;\ okawoejyKcsufrsm;t& od&Sd&onf/ rsm;\ okawoejyKcsufrsm;t& od&Sd&onf/

t

ukvor*¾uav;rsm;&efyk HaiG

tzGJU (UNICEF) ? World Vision ? Save

the Children uJhokdYaom INGO rsm;ESifh

jynfwGif; NGO rsm;jzpfonfh &wemh

arwåmtzGJUtygt0if y&[dwa*[m

rsm;u tqkdyg okawoejyK awGU&Sdcsuf

ukd &efukefNrKdUawmf rDumqm[kdw,fwGif

ZlvkdifvtwGif; jyKvkyfcJhonfh uav;ol

i,fqkdif&mtvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wnD

wnGwfwnf; oabmwlcJ haMumif;

tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufol jynfwGif;

NGO tzGJUtpnf;wpfckrS wm0ef&Sdol

wpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

jynfwGif;xGufukefrsm; tif'kdeD;&Sm;okdhwifykdhygu2009 ckESpfxd tcGefuif;vGwfay;rnf



jynfwGif;üomxkwfvkyfonfh

jrefrmEkdifiHxGufukefypönf;rsm;ukd tif'kd

eD;&Sm;okdYwifykdYygu 2009 ckESpftxd

tcGefuif;vGwfcGifhay;rnfjzpfaMumif;

pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0ef

BuD;Xme\ w&m;0ifxkwfjyefcsuft&

od&onf/

,if;okdYwifykdY&mwGif jynfwGif;rS

xGuf&Sdaom ukefypönf;rsm;omjzpf&rnf

jzpfNyD; jynfyrSukefMurf;rsm; yg0ifygu

40 &mckdifEIef;xufrenf;aom a'oxGuf

ukefrsm; yg0if&rnfjzpfaMumif;? wifykdY&

&Sdaomukefypönf;rsm;rSm pkpkaygif; 178

rsKd;&SdaMumif;? ,if;tpDtpOfrSm tmqD,H

a'owGif; txl;tcGifhta&;qkdif&m

AISP (ASEAN Integration System of

Preference) t&jzpfaMumif; ,if;xkwf

jyefcsufwGif azmfjyyg&Sdonf/

,if;okdY tcGefuif;vGwfcGifh&&Sd

jcif;rSm vGwfvyfaomtmqD,HukefoG,f

rIe,fajr (AFTA) rl0g't& tzGJU0if

opfav;EkdifiHjzpfaom jrefrmEkdifiH? vmtkd?

AD,uferf? uarÇm'D;,m;EkdifiHwkdYtwGuf

oD;oefY&nf&G,fxm;aMumif;? ,if;oabm

wlnDcsufukd 2001 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 1

&ufaeYwGif tmqD,HrlvtzGJU0ifajcmuf

EkdifiHwkdYu vufrSwfa&;xkd;cJhaMumif; pHkprf;

od&Sd&onf/

vuf&SdwGif tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;\

ukefoG,frIyrmPonf Oa&myEkdifiH

rsm;\ukefoG,frIxuf ausmfvGefvsuf

&S daMumif; tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;tMum;

AFTA ukd 2008 ckESpfwGif tNyD;wnf

aqmufEkdif&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfxm;

onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

12


a*[mESifh oifwef;ausmif;rsm;

wGif uav;i,frsm;ukd apmifha&Smufjcif;

onf rd½k d;zvmt& apmif ha&SmufrI

r[kwfbJ tcay;0efxrf;rsm;u BuD;

MuyfNyD; wm0ef&SdtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u pDrH

ay;xm;aom taqmufttk HwGi f

uav;i,frsm; tzGJUvkdufaexkdifjcif;

jzpfaMumif;? ,if;okdYapmifha&Smuf&mwGif

rdbrJhuav;rsm;tcsif;csif; pkpnf;ae

xkdif&jcif;jzpfonfhtwGuf &yf&Gm? vlrI

tzJGUtpnf;rsm;ESifh uGJuGmNyD; vltcsif;

csif; t"dyÜm,fjynfh0onfh tjyeftvSef

tusKd;jyKrIrsm;ESifhyg uif;uGm&aMumif;?

a*[mESihf oifwef;ausmif;apmifha&Smuf

rIwGif aexkdifaomuav;i,frsm;wGif

pdwfykdif;qkdif&mxdckdufrItrsm;tjym;ukd

jyif;xefpGmcHpm;&onfukd awGU&S d&

aMumif;? okawoejyKcsufrsm;t&

a*[mESifh oifwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif apmifh

a&SmufrIrsm;u uav;i,frsm;tay:

tusKd;rJhí tEkwfqefaom tusKd;ouf

a&mufrIrsm; trsm;tjym;&SdaeaMumif;

jynfwGif;owif;rD'D,mBuD;wpfckrS

uav;oli,fa&;aqmif& Gufaeol

tBuD;wef;t,f'DwmwpfOD;u ajym

Mum;onf/

vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;0efBuD;Xme vlrI

0efxrf;OD;pD;Xme acwånTefMum;a&;rSL;

csKyf OD;atmifxGef;ckdifu a*[mrsm;ESifh

oifwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif apmifha&SmufrIu

uav;i,frsm;\b0 atmifjrifwkd;

wufa&; enf;yg;apaMumif;? Oyrm

taejzifh usKduf0kdif;vli,foifwef;

ausmif;wGif wuúokdvf0ifwef;pmar;yGJ

ajzqkdolrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; atmifjrifol

enf;yg;onfukd awGU&aMumif;? ckdukd;&m

rJhuav;i,frsm;\ pdwfykdif;qkdif&m

xdckdufcHpm;rIrsm;u uav;i,f\ b0

a&SUa&;atmifjrifrIukd xdckdufapaMumif;

&efukefNrKdU rDumqm[kdw,fwGif jyKvkyf

onfh uav;oli,fqkdif&mtpnf;ta0;

wGif ajymMum;onf/

]]usKduf0kdif;vli,fausmif;rSm 'DESpf

wuúokdvf0ifwef;pmar;yGJ ratmifjrif

Mubl;/ 'gukd uRefawmfjyefokH;oyfaeNyD/

olwkdYukd b,fvkdjyKpkapmihfa&Smufay;&

rvJqkdwm enf;vrf;&Smaew,f}} [k ¤if;

uqkdonf/

omauwNrKdUe,f&Sd rdbrJhESifh ckdukd;

&mrJhuav;i,f &m*Pef;eD;yg; jyKpk

apmifha&Smufaeonfh oDv&Sifausmif;

wkdufrS ausmif;xkdifoDv&Sifq&mBuD;

wpfyg;u...

]]uav;trsm;pku tm;i,fae

Muw,f/ wwfEkdiforQawmh q&mav;

wkdYu az;az;rr MuifMuifememjyKpk

apmifha&Smufayr,fh uav;trsm;eJYqkd

awmh t&rf;BuD;*½krpkdufEkdifbl;/ NyD;awmh

olwkdYav;awG&JU pm;0wfaea&;p&dwfeJY

ynmoifMum;a&;udpöawGuvnf;&Sdae

awmh wpfOD;csif;pDvkdufNyD; Muifem*½k

pkdufzkdYuawmh rvG,fbl;aygh}} [k rdefY

Mum;onf/

em*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh armfvNrKdif

uRef;NrKdUe,fwGif rdbaqGrsKd;rsm; vkH;0

uG,fvGefNyD; ckdukd;&mrJhuav;i,frsm;ukd

apmifha&Smufaeonfh bkef;awmfBuD;

ausmif;rS ynmoifMum;a&;wm0ef,l

xm;&onfh touf 30 t&G,ftrsKd;orD;

pifumylynma&;qkdif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm;RV Centre pmMunfUwkdufwGif

tcrJUavUvmEkdif&efukef? Zlvkdif 18&efukef? Zlvkdif 18


pifumylEkdifiHrS ynma&;qkdif&mowif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd RV Centre

\pmMunfhwkdufwGif tcrJhvma&mufavhvmzwf½IEkdifaMumif; RV Centre

(&efukef) rS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

pifumylEkdifiHrS wuúokdvfrsm;? aumvdyfrsm;? ausmif;rsm;\tajctae?

oifMum;avhvmEkdifaombmom&yfrsm;? ynmoifqkrsm; ponfhowif;

tcsuftvufrsm;tjyif vuf&Sdjzpfay:aeaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd

,if;pmMunfhwkdufwGif vma&mufavhvmMunfh½IEkdifaMumif; ¤if;u qufvuf

ajymMum;onf/

RV Centre pmMunfhwkdufukd &efukefNrdKU Parkroyal Hotel 'kwd,xyf

wGif Zlvkdifv 12 &ufaeYrS pwifzGifhvSpfcJhaMumif;? RV Centre wGif ynmoif

Mum;aeaom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf t"du&nf&G,fzGifhvSpfcJhaomf

vnf; rnfolrqkd vma&mufavhvmzwf½IEkdifaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ukd tdrfodkYiSm;&rf;zwf½IcGifhjyK&mwGif pmMunfhwkduf

toif;0ifxm;olrsm;ukdom iSm;&rf;cGifhjyKrnfjzpfaMumif;? pmMunfhwkduf

toif;0if&mwGif pmMunfhwkduftoif;0ifxm;olESpfOD;\ axmufcHcsufjzifh

toif;0ifEkdifNyD; &ufowåywfESpfywfvQif pmtkyfav;tkyf iSm;&rf;zwf½IEkdif

aMumif; ¤if;u qufvufajymMum;onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

13


wpfOD;uvnf; ]]uav;awGu aMumuf

NyD; tm;ay;azmfr&Sdbl;/ wpfa,mufu

olwkdYukd *½kpkdufMuifemjy&if 'Dvlem;ukdyJ

uyfMuw,f/ NyD;awmh wpfaeYwpfaeY

rdbrJhuav;tcsif;csif;jrif&wmu olwkdY

ykdNyD;pdwfxdckdufapw,f/ a*[moifwef;

ausmif;awGrSmaewJh uav;awGrSm tm;

i,fodrfi,frIawGeJY olwkdYrsufESmav;

awGu n§dK;EGrf;aeMuw,f/ vlYtzGJU

tpnf;rSmBuD;jyif;wJhuav;eJY a*[m

oifwef;ausmif;awGrSm BuD;jyif;wJh

uav;awGrSm uGJjym;csufawG trsm;BuD;

&Sdaeygw,f}}[k ¤if;\tawGUtBuKH

rsm;ukd &Sif;jyonf/

jynfwGif;? jynfy NGO rsm;\

okawoejyKcsufrsm;? vlrI0efxrf;?

u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;

a&;0efBuD;XmerS t&m&SdBuD;rsm;\ ajym

qkdcsufESifh ckdukd;&mrJhESifh rdbrJhuav;

i,frsm;ukd vufawGUjyKpkapmifha&Smufae

aom apwem&Sifrsm;\ajymjycsufrsm;

t& a*[mESifh oifwef;ausmif;wGif

apmifha&SmufrIu uav;i,f\pdwfykdif;

ESifh ½kyfykdif;qkdif&mzGHUNzKd;wkd;wufrIukd

,kwfavsmhaponfukd od&Sd&onf/

rd½kd;zvmapmifha&SmufrI[kqkdEkdif

onfh aqGrsKd;om;csif;ESifh &yfaqG&yfrsKd;

vlYtokdif;t0kdif;u jyKpkapmifha&Smuf

jcif;onf ckdukd;&mrJhESifh rdbrJhuav;rsm;

twGuf txl;oifhavsmfaMumif; tqkdyg

okawoepmwrf;u qkdonf/

&yf&GmvlxkukdtajccHapmifha&SmufrI

onf a*[m? oifwef;ausmif;? tzGJU

tpnf;ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfaMumif;?

&yf&GmvlxktajccHaom apmifha&SmufrI

wGif uav;oli,frsm; wuGJwjym;jzpf

jcif;rSumuG,fNyD; eD;pyf&mrdom;pk? aqG

rsKd;om;csif;rsm;ESifhaexkdifEkdifjcif; okdYr

[kwf jzpfEkdifvQif uav;i,f\&yf&Gm

vlxktwGif;rSmyif tjcm;aomrdom;pk

ESifhtwlxm;&SdBuD;jyif;apjcif;jzpfaMumif;?

,if;okdY vlrItokdif;t0kdif;wGif BuD;jyif;

apjcif;u uav;i,f\ÓPf&nfÓPf

aoG;zGHUNzKd;rIESifh b0a&SUa&;twGuf taxmuf

tuljyKapEkdifaMumif; vlrI0efxrf;OD;pD;

XmerS ti,fwef;t&m&SdwpfOD;u okH;oyf

onf/

]]'Dckdukd;&mrJhuav;awGukd &yf&Gm

tajccHapmifha&Smufwmu ykdaumif;

w,f/ 'gayrJh tajymvG,foavmuf

tvkyfcufygw,f/ Oyrm-&yfxJ&GmxJ

rSm uav;i,fwpfOD; pGefYypfwmawGU&if

arG;pm;zkdYxuf rdbrJha*[meJY vlrI0ef

xrf;XmeyJykdYzkdY wkdifyifMuw,f/ arG;pm;

w,fqkdwm awmfawmf&Sm;yg;w,f}} [k

txufyg jynfwGif;owif;rD'D,mrS

tBuD;wef;t,f'Dwmu okH;oyfonf/

'*kHwuúokdvfrS wwd,ESpfOya'

ausmif;om;wpfOD;uvnf; jrefrmh,Of

aus;rIwGif &yf&GmtajcjyKuav;i,f

rsm; apmifha&SmufrIrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; ,ck

tcg ,if;tavhtusifhenf;yg;vm

aMumif;? uav;i,fukd *½kPmoufjyKpk

apmifha&SmufrIoufoufxuf tvkyfckdif;

ap&efESifh tjrwfxkwf&ef oabmxm;

rsm;jzifhac:,lNyD; auR;arG;rIu trsm;pk

&J&Gma&tm;vQyfppfpDrHudef; 65 &mckdifEIef;NyD;pD;rEÅav;? ZGef 11rEÅav;? ZGef 11

rEÅav;? ZGef 11rEÅav;? ZGef 11rEÅav;? ZGef 11

rEÅav;NrKdUawmifbuf rkdif 30 cefYwGif&SdNyD; 'k|0wDjrpfi,fjrpfay:wGif

taumiftxnfazmfwnfaqmufvsuf&Sdaom jrefrmEkdifiH\ tBuD;qkH; &J&Gma&tm;

vQyfppfpDrHudef;rSm 65 &mckdifEIef;cefY NyD;pD;vsuf&SdaMumif; wnfaqmufa&;pDrHudef;wGif

yg0ifaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdaom aqmufvkyfa&;tif*sifeD,mwpfOD;u Living Color

okdYajymMum;onf/

tqkdyga&tm;vQyfppfpDrHudef;ukd 'k|0wDjrpfay:wGif 1999 ckESpfu pwif

wnfaqmufcJhNyD; pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;NyD;pD;ygu ,if;tBuD;pm;a&tm;vQyfpuf

puf½kHrS 790 r*¾g0yf xkwfvTwfay;EkdifrnfjzpfaMumif;? ,cktcg ywf0ef;usif

aus;vufa'orsm;üvnf; vQyfppf"mwftm;ukd tokH;jyKMu&m ,if;a&tm;vQyfppf

pDrHudef;NyD;pD;ygu vQyfppf"mwftm; ykHrSef&&SdrnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

14


jzpfaMumif;? ,if;okdY &yf&GmtajccHjyKpk

apmifha&SmufrIrsm; wGifwGifus,fus,f

jzpfay:vm&efrSm pD;yGm;a&;tygt0if

tajctaet&yf&yfaumif;rGefrSom jzpf

EkdifaMumif; okH;oyfajymMum;onf/

jynfwGif;owif;rD'D,mrS tBuD;

wef;t,f'DwmwpfOD;url ]]u½kPmw&m;

eJY pmemem;vnfrIawG&Sdvm&if 'D&yf&Gm

vlxktajccHjyKpkapmifha&SmufrIqkdwm

aocsmaygufatmifjrifrSmyg/ pkwfjywfem

usifaewJh uav;i,fawG&JUb0ukd &yf&Gm

vlYtzGJUtpnf;awGrSm MunfMunfjzLjzL

vufcH&SifoefBuD;jyif;cGifhay;zkdYu uRef

awmfwkdY&JUwm0efygyJ}} [k ajymMum;onf/

r[mrkedbk&m; ½kd;&mjcif;yGJ b&mZD;EkdifiHom;'kwd,tBudrf vma&mufavUvm

rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 24rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 24

rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 24rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 24rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 24

rEÅav;NrdKUay:&Sd wefckd;BuD;bk&m;wpfqljzpfonfh r[mjrwfrked

bk&m;wGifusif;yaom ESpf (80) ajrmuf ½kd;&mjcif;tvScwfNydKifyGJokdY

abmvHk;tausmftarmfxGufay:onfh b&mZD;EkdifiHrS EkdifiHom;wpfOD;

'kwd,tBudrf vma&mufavhvmcJhaMumif; Zlvkdif 17 &ufaeYwGif ½kd;&m

jcif;vHk;cwfolrsm;xHrS pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

Budrfjzifh&ufvkyfxm;onfh jcif;vHk;wpfvHk;ukd 0kdif;zGJUícwf&onfh

,if;upm;enf;rSm urÇmay:wGif jrefrmwpfEkdifiHwnf;&SdaomaMumifh vm

a&mufavhvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; tqkdyg vma&mufavhvmaom b&mZD;

EkdifiHom;u qkdonf/ r[mrked ½kd;&m0kdif;jcif;cwfjcif;ukd tar&duefjynf

axmifpk? uae'g? xkdif;ESifh *syefEkdifiHom;rsm;vnf; yHkrSefvma&mufupm;

Muonf[k yGJawmfwGif0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaeonfh jcif;vHk;tm;upm;orm;

rsm;xHrS pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

rdrdwkdY\½kd;&mtm;upm;enf;ukd b&mZD;EkdifiHuyif vma&mufavh

vmaomaMumifh ½kd;&mjcif;vHk;upm;enf;ukd ,ckxufykdrkdwkd;wuf&efESifh

jcif;vHk;cwfynm&Sifrsm; ykdrkday:xGufapvkdaMumif; tm;upm;orm;wpfOD;

u oHk;oyfajymMum;onf/

yGJawmf0gqkdjcif;yGJukd 1920 ckESpfcefYrS pwifusif;ycJhonf/

Mdy News

b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHtjynfjynfqkdif&mpD;yGm;a&;uGefz&ifUwufa&mufEkdif

&efukef? rwf 18&efukef? rwf 18

&efukef? rwf 18&efukef? rwf 18&efukef? rwf 18

b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH 'gumukefonf

rsm;ESifh pufrIvufrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;

uBuD;rSL;í tjynfjynfqkdif&mpD;yGm;a&;

uGefz&ifhwpf&yfukd b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGif

atmufwkdbmv 30 &ufrS Ekd0ifbmv 1

&ufaeYtxd usif;yoGm;rnfjzpf&m jrefrm

EkdifiHrS pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm; wufa&muf

EkdifMuaMumif; b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHoH½kH;rS pkHprf;

od&Sd&onf/

,if;uGefz&ifhokdY wufa&mufEkdif&ef

twGuf jrefrmEkdifiHrS pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&;?

jyefMum;a&;? vlrItzJGUtpnf;rsm;rS vkyfief;

&Sifrsm;? pdwfyg0ifpm;olrsm;tm; zdwfac:

vsuf&SdNyD; tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;ukd

&efukefNrdKU&Sd b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHoH½kH;wGif

pkHprf;EkdifaMumif; ,if;oH½kH;\aMunmcsuf

t& od&Sd&onf/

vif;ukdukvif;ukduk

vif;ukdukvif;ukdukvif;ukduk

dd

ddd(pufrIwuúokdvf)(pufrIwuúokdvf)

(pufrIwuúokdvf)(pufrIwuúokdvf)(pufrIwuúokdvf)

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

15


ar,kopfawmBuKd;0kdif;rS uRef;opfrsm;xkwf,lrnfarmifawm? Mo*kwf 9armifawm? Mo*kwf 9

armifawm? Mo*kwf 9armifawm? Mo*kwf 9armifawm? Mo*kwf 9

&ckdifjynfe,f&Sd ar,kopfawmBudK;0kdif;wGif pdkufysKd;atmifjrifjzpfxGef;

vsuf&Sdaeonhf uRef;pdkufcif;rsm;rS uRef;opfrsm;rSm xkwf,lEkdifonhftqihf

wGifa&muf&SdaeNyDjzpfojzihf 2008 ckESpf yGihfvif;&moDrSpí vkH;ywf ajcmufay

txuf&Sd uRef;yif 2000 ukd ckwfvSJxkwf,lawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; jynfe,f

opfawmOD;pD;XmexHrS od&onf/

ar,kawmifwef;wGif opfawmOD;pD;Xmeu uRef;pdkufcif;rsm;ukd 1965

ckESpfrS pwifxlaxmifpdkufysKd;cJhNyD; 1972 ckESpfwGif opfawmBudK;0kdif;tjzpf

owfrSwfaMunmum xdef;odrf;apmihfa&SmufcJhonf/ ar,kopfawmBudK;0kdif;

twGif; uRef;pkdufcif;rsm;ukd wkd;csJUpdkufysKd;cJh&m uRef;pkdufcif; 56095 {u&Sd

aMumif;? ckwfvJSxkwf,lrnfhuRef;opfrsm;ukd tdrfeD;csif;b*Fvma'h&SfEkdifiHokdY

wifykdY&ef&SdaMumif; ,if;XmerS pkHprf;od&Sd&onf/ b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHonf

jrefrmEkdifiHrS 0g;? Budrf? arQmwkdif ponfh opfawmxGufypönf;rsm;ukd e,f

pyfukefoG,fa&;rSwpfqifh 0,f,lvsuf&Sdonf/

owif;axmufaumif;owif;axmufaumif;

owif;axmufaumif;owif;axmufaumif;owif;axmufaumif;

rdcifarwÅm"mwfykHNydKifyJGrEåav;NrdKYwGifusif;yrnfrEÅav;? Zlvkdif 18rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 18


jrefrmEkdifiHwpfEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m

txl;zdwfac:"mwfykHNydKifyJGtjzpf rEÅav;

NrdKUawmfwGifusif;yrnfh rdcifarwåm

trnf&Sd "mwfykHNydKifyJGwGif rdcifESifhom;

orD;wkdY\ arwåmw&m;ukd xif[yfazmf

usL;aom "mwfykHvuf&mrsm; yg0if,SOf

NydKifEkdifaMumif; NydKifyJGpDpOfol Mother

Foodstuff Co., Ltd. rS tkyfcsKyfrI'g½kduf

wm OD;pkd;rkd;Ekdifu ajymMum;onf/

Mother Foodstuff Co., Ltd. u

,if;"mwfykHNydKifyJGukd yxrqkH;tBudrf

pDpOfusif;yjcif;jzpfNyD; pOfqufrjywf

usif;y&efvnf;&SdaMumif;? qkaMu;ukd

yxrqk usyfig;odef;? 'kwd,qk usyfokH;

odef;? wwd,qk usyfESpfodef;ESifh ESpfodrfh

qk okH;qk? txl;qk 10 qkcsD;jr§ifhrnfjzpf

aMumif;? "mwfykHt&G,ftpm;rSm 10"_

14" ? 10" _ 15" t&G,f NydKifyJG0if"mwf

ykHrsm;jzpfNyD; 2008 ckESpf atmufwkdbm

v 30 &ufaeY aemufqkH;xm; ay;ykdY&

rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

,if;NydKifyGJokdY wpfEkdifiHvkH;rS"mwfykH

0goem&Sif rnfolrqkd 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif

EkdifNyD; tao;pdwfod&Sdvkdygu atmif

pnfoH "mwfykHAD'D,kd½kduful;a&; trSwf-

88^5? 84 vrf;? 29_30 vrf;Mum;?

cwåd,0if;? rEÅav;NrdKUokdY qufoG,fpkH

prf;EkdifMuaMumif; ,if;ukrÜPDrS pkHprf;

od&onf/

Mdy.News

LIVING COLOR MEDIA

242424, 09 9974343

jynfya&aMumif;ykdhaqmifa&;wGif oabFm&Spfpif;xyfrHxnfUoGif;í vkdif;opfrsm;wkd;csJYrnf



&efukefNrdKUawmfrSwpfqifh jynfyEkdifiHrsm;okdY ajy;qJGaeonfh jynfya&aMumif;ykdY

aqmifa&;u@wGif oabFm&Spfpif; xyfrHxnfhoGif;í vkdif;opfrsm; wkd;csJUajy;qJG

oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ykdYaqmifa&;0efBuD;Xme a&aMumif;ykdYaqmifa&;nTefMum;rI

OD;pD;XmerS pkHprf;od&Sd&onf/

tqkdygoabFmvkdif;opfrsm; wkd;csJUajy;qJGrIukd ykdYaqmifa&;0efBuD;Xme\

cGifhjyKcsufjzifh yk*¾vduwkdif;&if;om;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ukd vkyfukdifcGifhjyKjcif;jzpfaMumif;?

oabFmvkdif;opftm;vkH;rSm wkdif;&if;om;ykdif yk*¾vduoabFmvkdif;rsm;omjzpf

aMumif;? ,if;vkdif;opfrsm;ukd ZGefvqef;rSpí prf;oyfajy;qJGvsuf&SdNyD; Zlvkdifv

v,fykdif;rSpí ykHrSefajy;qJGay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? ,cifajy;qJG&mwGif Mu,fig;yGifh

oabFmajcmufpif;tygt0if pkpkaygif; 19 pif;om&SdcJhNyD; ,cktcg oabFm 27 pif;

jzifh ajy;qJGoGm;rnfjzpfí ykdYukef? oGif;ukefrsm; ykdrkdjrefqefvmrnfjzpfaMumif; trnf

razmfvkdoloabFmvkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

oabFmvkdif;opfrsm;ukd &efukefNrdKUawmfrS rav;&Sm;? pifumyl? tif'kdeD;&Sm;ESifh

xkdif;EkdifiHwkdYokdYvnf;aumif;? &efukefrSwpfqifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf? tdEd,EkdifiH (&Sif;Ekdif)

a'orsm;okdYvnf;aumif; ajy;qJGrnfjzpfNyD; rMumrD oD&dvuFmEkdifiHokdYyg wkd;csJUajy;

qJGrnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh tm&Sa'owGif;EkdifiHrsm;okdYvnf; wkd;csJUajy;qJGoGm;rnfjzpf

aMumif; tqkdygXmerS od&onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

16


pmoifausmif;rsm;wnfaqmuf&ef NrdKYawmfpnfyifusyfwpfbDvD,HoHk;pGJ



&efukefNrdKUawmf pnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDtaejzifh NrdKUawmftwGif;&Sd

pmoifausmif;rsm; jyKjyifwnfaqmuf&mwGif usyfwpfbDvD,H oHk;pGJrnfjzpf

aMumif; &efukefNrdKUawmf0ef AdkvfrSL;csKyfatmifodef;vif;rS ajymMum;onf/

,if;odkY pmoifausmif;rsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif em*pfrkefwkdif;'Pf

aMumif; ysufpD;oGm;aom ausmif;aygif; 59 ausmif;udk jyefvnfwnfaqmuf

ay;vsuf&SdNyD; vmrnfh atmufwkdbmvtwGif; NyD;pD;atmif wnfaqmufoGm;

rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;u qufvufajymMum;oGm;onf/ tqkdygausmif;rsm;udk

wnfaqmuf&mwGif &moDOwk'PfcHEkdif&ef (Steel Structure) rsm;jzifh xnfh

oGif;wnfaqmufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? xkdokdY jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&mü tajc

cHynmtxufwef;ausmif; ig;ausmif;? tv,fwef;ausmif; ajcmufausmif;?

rlvwef;ausmif; 48 ausmif; yg0ifaMumif; ¤if;u &Sif;jyonf/

arv yxrywfujzpfyGm;cJhaom em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;wkdufcwf

rIaMumifh &efukefNrdKUawmfü pmoifausmif; 13 ausmif; NydKusysufpD;cJhNyD;

46 ausmif;rSm tvHk;pHkysufpD;cJhonf/

&aoUBuD;OD;cEåDausmufpmoxHka&Tpm&H jyefykdhrnf

rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 28rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 28


rEÅav;NrdKUwnf rif;wkef;rif; wnf

xm;ukd;uG,fcJhonfh ausmufawmfBuD;

bk&m;0if;twGif; &aohBuD;OD;cEÅD xkqpf

cJhaom ausmufpm 125 csyfukd oxHk

a&Tpm&HapwDokdY jyefykdY&ef pDpOfaeonf[k

tqkdygapwDa*gyutzGJUOuú|u Zlvkdif

25 &ufaeYwGif ajymMum;onf/

ausmufawmfBuD;bk&m;0if;twGif;

&Sd ausmufpmcsyfrsm;onf bk&m;a[m

ygVdt|uxmrsm;jzpfNyD; oxHka&Tpm&H

bk&m;twGuf xkqpfcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;?

taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;wkdYaMumifh o,f,ljcif;

rjyKEkdifcJhonfhtwGuf bk&m;a*gyu

tpOftqufu apmifha&SmufvmcJhonf

rSm ESpfaygif; 90 ausmf MumjrifcJhNyDjzpf

aMumif;? tqkdygausmufpm xkqpfcJh

onfhtaMumif;&if;ukd vkdufvH&SmazG&m

oxHk a&Tpm&HapwDtwGuf &nf&G,fxk

qpfcJhonf[k od&Sd&ojzifh tvSL&Sifrsm;

&SmazGNyD; rlvae&mokdYjyefykdY&ef pDpOf

jcif;jzpfaMumif; ausmufpmynm&Sif

OD;atmifolu qkdonf/

oxHka&Tpm&HokdYykdYrnfh ausmufpm

125 csyfteuf 105 csyfonf vuf&m

rysufbJ rlvtwkdif;&SdNyD; tcsyf 20 rSm

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rkd;xJa&xJwGif wnf&Sd

aecJh&m ysufpD;csKdU,Gif;aeojzifh topf

jyefvnfxkqpfaeaMumif; bk&m;a*gyu

tzGJU0ifwpfOD;u &Sif;jyonf/

b*Fvma'U&Sfokdh a&iefykpGefwifykdhrIrsm;jym;armifawm? Mo*kwf 9armifawm? Mo*kwf 9

armifawm? Mo*kwf 9armifawm? Mo*kwf 9armifawm? Mo*kwf 9

jrefrmEkdifiHrS b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHokdY a&iefykpGefwifykdYa&mif;csrIrSm wpfESpfxuf

wpfESpf wkd;wufjrihfrm;vmaMumif; e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;pm&if;rsm;t& od&onf/

b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHokdYwifykdY&mwGif arG;jrLa&;ykpGefeDusm;rsm;ukdom t"duxm;

wifykdYa&mif;cs&jcif;jzpfNyD;? a&Amyihfac: cHGMurf;ykpGefrsm;ukdrl ½kd;rta&SUpuf½kHrsm;

okdYom wifykdYa&mif;cs&aMumif;? b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHonf e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;jzihf

ykpGefrsm;0,f,l&mwGif acgif;yg0,f,lavh&SdaMumif; ykpGefukefonfwpfOD;u ajym

Mum;onf/ a&iefvkyfief; ykpGefrsm;wifykdY&mü armifawmarG;jrLa&;uefrsm;rS &&Sd

onhfykpGefrsm;ESihftwl ppfawGywf0ef;usifrS ykpGefrsm;ukdvnf; wifykdYaMumif;? armif

awme,fpyfrS ykpGefrsm;ukd acgif;ygwifykdY&efvG,fulaomfvnf; ppfawGa'orS ykpGef

rsm;ukdrl acgif;rJhwifykdYae&aMumif; 4if;u qkdonf/

2005 - 2006 290047 - uDvkd 1.790 oef; (a':vm)

2006 - 2007 419937 - uDvkd 2.592 oef; (a':vm)

2007 - 2008 977123 - uDvkd 6.055 oef; (a':vm)

2008 - 2009 352617 - uDvkd 2.211 oef; (a':vm)

({NyDrSZGefvtxd)

owif;axmufaumif;owif;axmufaumif;

owif;axmufaumif;owif;axmufaumif;owif;axmufaumif;

jrefrmEkdifiHrS a&iefykpGefusm;wifykd YrIjrefrmEkdifiHrS a&iefykpGefusm;wifykd YrI

jrefrmEkdifiHrS a&iefykpGefusm;wifykd YrIjrefrmEkdifiHrS a&iefykpGefusm;wifykd YrIjrefrmEkdifiHrS a&iefykpGefusm;wifykd YrI

242424

393192

LIVING COLOR MEDIA

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

17


jrpf0uRef;ay:a'o 'Da&awmrsm;ESifU urf;ajca*[pepf jyefvnfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;&ef obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&; NGO rsm;yl;aygif;owif;aqmif;yg;- ausmfEdkif? 31-7-2008owif;aqmif;yg;- ausmfEdkif? 31-7-2008

owif;aqmif;yg;- ausmfEdkif? 31-7-2008owif;aqmif;yg;- ausmfEdkif? 31-7-2008owif;aqmif;yg;- ausmfEdkif? 31-7-2008

a'oa'o

a'oa'oa'o

trIta&twGuftrIta&twGuf

trIta&twGuftrIta&twGuftrIta&twGuf

aoqkH;ol(OD;)aoqkH;ol(OD;)

aoqkH;ol(OD;)aoqkH;ol(OD;)aoqkH;ol(OD;)

'Pf&m&ol (OD;)'Pf&m&ol (OD;)

'Pf&m&ol (OD;)'Pf&m&ol (OD;)'Pf&m&ol (OD;)

ucsifjynfe,f 21 6 40

u&ifjynfe,f 14 1 32

ppfukdif;wkdif; 67 9 145

weoFm&Dwkdif; 9 10 6

yJcl;wkdif;(ta&SU) 53 7 86

yJcl;wkdif;(taemuf) 29 3 42

rEÅav;wkdif; 124 30 238

rGefjynfe,f 22 13 27

&ckdifjynfe,f 7 1 6

&efukefwkdif; 61 15 122

&Srf;jynfe,f 17 3 20

&Srf;jynfe,f(ajrmuf) 18 8 33

&Srf;jynfe,f(ta&SU) 7 2 12

{&m0wDwkdif; 15 4 11

jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;wGif 2008 ckESpf

ZGefvtwGif; ,mOfwkdufrIaygif; 488

ck jzpfyGm;cJhNyD; 114 OD; aoqHk;cJh aMumif;

,mOfwkdufrItajcjyZ,m; (ZGefv 2008),mOfwkdufrItajcjyZ,m; (ZGefv 2008)

,mOfwkdufrItajcjyZ,m; (ZGefv 2008),mOfwkdufrItajcjyZ,m; (ZGefv 2008),mOfwkdufrItajcjyZ,m; (ZGefv 2008)

Z Ge fv 24 &ufae Yxkwf E k di fi H

ykdifrD'D,mrsm;\azmfjycsuft& od&

onf/

xkdYtwl 'Pf&m&ol 853 OD;ESifh

qHk;½IH;rIwefzkd;usyf 294 odef;&SdaMumif;

,mOfwkdufrIrsm;teuf &efukefwkdif;wGif

,mOfwkdufrI 61 rIjzpfyGm;cJhNyD; 15 OD; ao

qHk;cJhum 'Pf&m&ol 122 OD;&SdaMumif;?

ppfukdif;wkdif;wGif ,mOfwkdufrI 67 rIjzpf

yGm;NyD; 'Pf&m&ol 145 OD;ESifh aoqHk;ol

ukd;OD;&SdaMumif;? u,m;jynfe,fwGif

,mOfwkdufrIwpfckjzpfyGm;cJhNyD; 'Pf&m&

olESpfOD;&SdaMumif;? ,mOfwkdufrItrsm;qkH;

jzpfyGm;cJhonfha'orSm rEÅav;wkdif;jzpf

aMumif; ,if;xkwfjyefcsufwGif azmfjy

xm;onf/

,if;,mOfwkdufrIrsm;rSm ,mOf

rqifrjcifarmif;ESifrIESif h ayghqpGm

armif;ESifrIrsm;aMumifhjzpfaMumif;? &Hzef

&Hcg ajcvsifavQmufc&D;onfrsm;\

ayghqrIrsm;aMumifhvnf; jzpfyGm;wwf

aMumif; &efukefwkdif;,mOfxdef;wyfzGJUrS

wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

rmEdkifiHü obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESif hpyfvsOf;í yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf tiftm;tBuD;rm;qHk;yl;aygif;rmEdkifiHü obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESif hpyfvsOf;í yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf tiftm;tBuD;rm;qHk;yl;aygif;

rmEdkifiHü obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESif hpyfvsOf;í yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf tiftm;tBuD;rm;qHk;yl;aygif;rmEdkifiHü obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESif hpyfvsOf;í yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf tiftm;tBuD;rm;qHk;yl;aygif;rmEdkifiHü obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESif hpyfvsOf;í yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf tiftm;tBuD;rm;qHk;yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufonfhtpDtpOf[kqdk&rnfh em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfrIaMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;oGm;cJhaomaqmif&GufonfhtpDtpOf[kqdk&rnfh em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfrIaMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;oGm;cJhaom

aqmif&GufonfhtpDtpOf[kqdk&rnfh em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfrIaMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;oGm;cJhaomaqmif&GufonfhtpDtpOf[kqdk&rnfh em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfrIaMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;oGm;cJhaomaqmif&GufonfhtpDtpOf[kqdk&rnfh em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfrIaMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;oGm;cJhaom

{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o&dS 'Da&awmrsm;tygt0if urf;ajca'oa*[pepfwpfckvHk;udk jyefvnfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o&dS 'Da&awmrsm;tygt0if urf;ajca'oa*[pepfwpfckvHk;udk jyefvnfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;

{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o&dS 'Da&awmrsm;tygt0if urf;ajca'oa*[pepfwpfckvHk;udk jyefvnfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o&dS 'Da&awmrsm;tygt0if urf;ajca'oa*[pepfwpfckvHk;udk jyefvnfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o&dS 'Da&awmrsm;tygt0if urf;ajca'oa*[pepfwpfckvHk;udk jyefvnfjyKjyifxdef;odrf;

aqmif&Guf&ef jynfwGif;&dS obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m Xmeqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUaqmif&Guf&ef jynfwGif;&dS obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m Xmeqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJU

aqmif&Guf&ef jynfwGif;&dS obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m Xmeqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUaqmif&Guf&ef jynfwGif;&dS obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m Xmeqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUaqmif&Guf&ef jynfwGif;&dS obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m Xmeqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJU

tpnf; tpnf;

tpnf; tpnf; tpnf; (NGO)

rsm;ESifh okawoDrsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh rsm;ESifh okawoDrsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh

rsm;ESifh okawoDrsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh rsm;ESifh okawoDrsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh rsm;ESifh okawoDrsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifonfh Assessment of Impact of Nargis

tpDtpOfudk pwifaqmif&Guf tpDtpOfudk pwifaqmif&Guf

tpDtpOfudk pwifaqmif&Guf tpDtpOfudk pwifaqmif&Guf tpDtpOfudk pwifaqmif&Guf

aeNyDjzpfaMumif; ,if;tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifonfh jrefrmiSuf0goem&Siftoif;Ouú| OD;pdk;ñGefYu ajymMum;onf/aeNyDjzpfaMumif; ,if;tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifonfh jrefrmiSuf0goem&Siftoif;Ouú| OD;pdk;ñGefYu ajymMum;onf/

aeNyDjzpfaMumif; ,if;tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifonfh jrefrmiSuf0goem&Siftoif;Ouú| OD;pdk;ñGefYu ajymMum;onf/aeNyDjzpfaMumif; ,if;tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifonfh jrefrmiSuf0goem&Siftoif;Ouú| OD;pdk;ñGefYu ajymMum;onf/aeNyDjzpfaMumif; ,if;tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifonfh jrefrmiSuf0goem&Siftoif;Ouú| OD;pdk;ñGefYu ajymMum;onf/

jref

tqdkygtpDtpOfwGif ywf0ef;

usifxdef;odrf;a&;trsdK;om;aumfr&Sif

(NCEA)? opfawmo,HZmwESi f h

obm00ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&; zGHUNzdK;

wdk;wufa&;ESifhtoif; (FREDA)? ZD0

rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJESifh obm0xdef;odrf;a&;

toif; (BANCA) ? jrefrmiSuf0goem

&Siftoif; (MBNS) ? opfawmrdwfaqG

toif; (FORM) ? jrefrmjyefjynfhNrJpGrf;

tiftoif; (REAM)? opfawmOD;pD;

Xme? &efukefwuúodkvf? ig;vkyfief;OD;pD;

Xme? jrefrmEdkifiHig;vkyfief;tzGJUcsKyf

jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk; ZGefvtwGif; ,mOfwkdufrI 488 ck jzpfyGm;NyD; 114 OD;aoqHk;&efukef? Zlvkdif 24&efukef? Zlvkdif 24


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

18


ponfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS wm0ef&dSolrsm;

ESif h ynm&Sifrsm;yg0ifMuaMumif;?

"Resilience & Recovery of The Man-grove and Costal Ecosystem in

Ayeyarwaddy & Yangon" [k trnf

ay;xm;onfh ,if;tpDtpOfudk r*Fvm

jrefrmtzGJUtpnf;u OD;pD;pDpOfjcif;jzpf

NyD; jrefrmhzGHUNzdK;rIazmifa';&Sif;(MDF)

ESifh

Myanmar Costal Conservation Society

wdkYu yHhydk;ulnDjcif;jzpfaMumif; ¤if;

uqdkonf/

]]obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;

a&;eJYywfoufvdkY uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiHrSm

tiftm;tBuD;qHk;eJY yxrqHk; yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufrIygyJ/ tm;&p&maumif;yg

w,f}} [k ¤if;u ajymMum;onf/

tqdkygtpDtpOf\yxrqHk;tBudrf

awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk Zlvdkifv 9 &uf rGef;

vGJydkif;u &efukefNrdKU Parkroyal [kdw,f

üusif;ycJh&m yl;aygif;yg0ifMurnfhtzGJU

tpnf;toD;oD;rS wm0ef&dSolrsm;wuf

a&mufcJhMuNyD; aqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfief;

pOfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfcJhMuonf/

'Da&awmrsm;onf a'ocHjynfol

rsm;twGuf [if;tdk;BuD;jzpfaMumif;? rkef

wdkif;'PfaMumifh touftdk;tdrfqHk;½HI;rI

BuD;rm;&jcif;onf urf;ajc'Da&awm

rsm;\tumtuG,f uif;rJhonfhtwGuf

jzpfaMumif;? rdef;rvSuRef; ab;rJhawm&dS

'Da&awmyifrsm;\ vuf&Sdtajctae

rSm uRef;taemufbufjcrf;urf;ajc&dS 'D

a&awmyifrsm;ae&mwGif rkefwdkif;'Da&

vd Iif;uo,faqmifvmaomtysuf

tpD;rsm;aMumifh trdIufyHkBuD;ozG,fjzpf

aeaMumif;? ukef;wGif;ydkif; 'Da&awmrsm;

\tajctaeudk rod&ao;aMumif;?

em*pfrkefwdkif;tNyD; rnfrQusef&dSaeonf

udk od&dS&efvdktyfaMumif;ESifh ,if;tajc

taeonf a*[pepfysufokOf;rIudkOD;

wnfaeaMumif; ,if;aqG;aEG;yGJ aumuf

Ekwfcsufrsm;t& od&onf/

tqdkyga'oonf ZD0rsdK;pHk<u,f0

onfha*[pepfjzpfonfhtwGuf jyef

vnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif

&Guf&mwGif a*[aA'ynm&Sifrsm;\

tBuHÓPfrsm;udk &,loifhaMumif;?

,if;odkY a*[pepfjyefvnfwnfaqmuf

&mwGif a'ocHwdkY\ vlrIa&;vdktyfcsuf

udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhaMumif; ¤if;

wdkYuqdkonf/

'Da&awmta&;ygyHkudk jynfolrsm;

tMum; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY od&dSem;vnf

oabmaygufvmap&ef rkefwdkif;NyD;cgp

aoG;rat;rD Mass Media (½kyfjrifoH

Mum;? owif;pm? a&'D,dk) wdkYrSwpfqifh

todynmay;jzefYcsday;oifhaMumif;?

rkefwkdif;tNyD;oHk;vtwGif; obm0ab;tEå&m,ftmrcHjyKvkyfol 60 &mcdkfifEIef;wkd;wuf



em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwkdif;wkdufcwftNyD; oHk;vwmumvtwGif; jrefrmh

tmrcHvkyfief;ü obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f tmrcHvma&mufjyKvkyfrIonf ,cifuxuf

60 &mckdifEIef;rQwdk;wufvmcJhaMumif; tqkdygvkyfief;rS taxGaxGrefae*sm a'gufwm

armifarmifodrf;u ajymMum;onf/

jyif;xefaom&moDOwkajymif;vJrIrsm; wpfaeYwjcm;jzpfay:vmonfudk od&Sd

vmMujcif;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f rnfrQyifaMumufrufzG,f&maumif;onfudk

odjrifoGm;Mujcif;? jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;\ avsmfaMu;ay;tyfrItay: ,HkMunfvm

Mujcif;wdkYaMumifh &mckdifEIef;rsm; wdk;wufvm&jcif;jzpfonf[k ¤if;uqkdonf/

oHk;vwmumvtwGif; wkd;wufvmrIrsm;wGif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;om

trsm;qHk;tmrcHxm;onfudkawGU&NyD; yk*¾vduydkiftdrfrsm;onf obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f

tmrcHxm;&SdrIenf;yg;aMumif;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,ftmrcHudk vGefcJhonfh ESpf 50

ausmf jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;pwifcsdefuwnf;u vufcHjyKvkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD; pdwfyg

0ifpm;rIenf;yg;aom tmrcHtrsKd;tpm;jzpfcJhaMumif; ¤if;u &Sif;jyonf/

pd kif;atmifpd kif;atmif

pd kif;atmifpd kif;atmifpd kif;atmif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

19


a'ocHjynfolrsm;taejzifh 'Da&awm

rsm;\wefzdk;udk odaeMuNyD;jzpfonfh

twGuf ,cktcsdefonf ynmay;vkyf

ief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&eftaumif;qH k;

tcsdefjzpfaMumif; xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;

oabmwlcJhMuonf/

'Da&awmjyefvnfxlaxmifaqmif

&Guf&mwGif vuf&dS'Da&awmrsm;tajc

tae rysufpD;oGm;ap&ef *½kjyK&rnfjzpf

aMumif;? xdkYjyif vufusef'Da&awmrsm;

tm; xdef;odrf;umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef?

w&m;r0if usL;ausmfykpGefuefrsm;udk 'Da&

awma'orsm;rS wm;jrpfz,f&Sm;&ef?

'Da&awmrsm; jyefvnfysKd;axmifjcif;

vkyfief;udk 2010 ckESpfwGif tNyD;owf

aqmif&Guf&ef oabmwlcJhMuaMumif;

aqG;aEG;yGJwufa&mufcJhol NGO wpfckrS

wm0ef&dSolwpfOD;u qdkonf/

]]'Da&awmyifawGrS r[kwfygbl;/

urf;½dk;wef;a'oywfvnfrSm bmtyif

rqdk jyefpdkufoifhNyD/ tkef;yif? uGrf;yif?

"edyifwdkYvdk ESpfrsdK;ESpfzuftusdK;jzpfxGef;

wJhtyifawG ydkpdkufoihfw,f}} [k jrefrm

EdkifiH yef;0goem&Siftoif;rS trIaqmif

wpfOD;u tBuHjyKajymMum;onf/

]]uRefawmfwdkY 'DtpDtpOfudk bkd

uav;NrdKUe,fu ptaumiftxnfazmf

Mur,f/ rdef;rvSuRef;ab;rJhawmwnf&dS

aewm&,f? r*FvmjrefrmtzGJUu wm

0ef,lu,fq,fa&;qif;aewJh NrdKUe,f

jzpfaewm&,faMumifhyJ}} [k OD;pdk;ñGefYu

&Sif;jyonf/

]]wjcm;½kyf0w¬Kypönf;awGqHk;½HI;wm

u b,favmuftwdkif;twmxdqdkwm

wGufvdkY&w,f/ 'Dobm0ywf0ef;usifeJY

a*[pepfysufpD;qHk;½HI;wmusawmh ajym&

cufw,f/ aoaocsmcsm Assessment

(pl;prf;avhvmoHk;oyf) NyD;rSyJ ajymvdkY&

r,f/ t&ifurSwfxm;wJh Data awGeJY

tck Assessment vkyfNyD;&if &vmr,fh

Data awG,SOfMunfhNyD;rSyJ ajymvdkY&r,f}}

[k tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfol BANCA rS taxG

axGtwGif;a&;rSL; a'gufwmxifvSu

qdkonf/

rkefwdkif;jzwfoef;wdkufcwfonfh

umvonf jrefrmEdkifiHü a&aysmfiSuf

rsm; om;aygufonfh&moDjzpfaom

aMumifh todkufjyKvkyfom;aygufaeMu

onfh iSuftrsm;tjym;rSm aoausysuf

pD;EdkifaMumif;? touf&Sifusef&pfygu

vnf; ¤if;wdkYaexdkifusufpm;&m a*[

pepfwpfckvHk; ysufpD;oGm;ojzifh ae&m

&efukef pufrIZkefrsm;okdh a':vmig;aomif;tmrcHay;avsmf&efukef? Mo*kwf 1&efukef? Mo*kwf 1


em*pfrkefwkdif;tNyD; tysuftpD;rsm;twGuf tmrcHxm;&Sdaom &efukefNrdKU&Sd

pufrIZkefrsm;tm; jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;u tar&duefa':vm ig;aomif;cefY avsmf

aMu;ay;rnf[k jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief; taxGaxGrefae*sm a'gufwmarmifarmifodrf;

u ajymMum;onf/

tqkdygpufrIZkefrsm;wGif t"dutm;jzifh rD;ESif hobm0ab;tEÅ&m,f?

a&aMumif;ESifh armfawmf,mOftmrcHavsmfaMu;rsm; ay;&rnfjzpfaMumif;? txl;ojzifh

rD;ESifh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fumuG,fa&; tmrcHavsmfaMu;ukd taqmufttkH? puf½kH?

tvkyf½kH? tdrf? *kda'gif? ukefpnf? ,EÅ&m; ponfwkdY\ ysufpD;rItenf;trsm;tay:

ay;avsmfrnf[k ¤if;u &Sif;jyonf/

]]puf,EÅ&m;awG? tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;awG a&pkdysufpD;vkdY ypfvkduf&wmawG

rsm;rsm;ay;avsmf&r,fhtaetxm;&Sdayr,fh enf;ygw,f}} [k ¤if;uqkdonf/

&efukefpufrIZkefrsm;wGif tcsdKUvkyfief;rsm;\ tmrcHxm;&SdrIrSm avsmfaMu;aiG

usyfodef;*Pef;yifr&aMumif; ¤if;u qufvufajymMum;onf/

ZGefpy,fjzLZGe fpy,fjzL

ZGe fpy,fjzLZGe fpy,fjzLZGe fpy,fjzL

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

20


opfrsm;odkY ajymif;a½TUoGm;MuzG,f&dS

aMumif;? aumifa&enf;yg;vmonfh

iSufBuD;'Hk;pyf? NrD;uGuf'Hk? BudK;Mum

ponfh a&aysmfiSufBuD;rsm;\tajctae

rSmvnf; pdk;&drfzG,f&mjzpfaMumif; jrefrm

iSuf0goem&Siftoif; trIaqmifwpfOD;

u oHk;oyfonf/

]]tck Delta rSm Relief (u,f

q,fa&;) eJY jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; wm

0ef,laeMuwJhtzGJUtpnf;awGtm;vHk;u

a'ocHawGtwGuf pm;0wfaea&;? usef;

rma&;eJY aetdrfwnfaqmufa&;awGudk

yJ t"duxm;vkyfaeMuwm/ obm0

ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;eJYywfoufvdkY

wm0ef,lNyD;vkyfaewJh NGO tzGJUwpfzGJU

rSr&dSao;bl;/ uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiHrSm obm

0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;vkyfaewJh

NGO awG &dSNyD;om;/ udk,fhtm;udk,fukd;

NyD; wpfEdkifwpfydkif vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufwm

awG vkyfaeMuw,f/ tckudpöu wpfzGJU

wnf;vkyf&r,fhudpör[kwfawmhbl;/

tm;vHk;pkaygif;vkyf&r,fhudpöyJ}} [k

a'gufwmxifvSu qdkonf/

tqdkygtpDtpOfudk vmrnfhyGifh

vif;&moDwGif tjrefqHk;pwiftaumif

txnfazmf&eftwGuf tzGJUtpnf;wpf

ckcsif;tvdkuf uRrf;usifonfhe,fy,f

tvdkuf wm0efrsm;cGJa0aqmif&GufoGm;

rnfjzpfNyD;? tywfpOf aomMumaeYwdkif;

r*FvmjrefrmtzGJUwnf&dS&m &efukefNrdKU

a½T*Hkwdkifvrf;qHk '*Hkwm0gü awGUqHkaqG;

aEG;yGJrsm; usif;yvsuf&dSaMumif; pDpOfol

rsm;xHrS od&dS&onf/

rEÅav;NrdKUawmf &wemykHaps; rD;avmifNyD;aemufykdif;

NrdKUawmf\ IT enf;ynmzGHYNzdK;a&;u@onf Zegyo IT Zone

ESifh 77 vrf; _ 78 vrf;Mum; Ray World Complex wkdYwGif

jyefYusJpGm vkyfief;rsm;vnfywfvsuf&Sdaomfvnf; jyefvnf

wnfaqmufrnfh &wemyHkaps;opfBuD; NyD;pD;rSom ,cif&wem

yHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;uJhokdY owif;tcsuftvufESifh enf;

ynmtaqmufttHk (ICT Park) BuD;tjzpf wpfpkwpfa0;

jyefvnf&SifoefEkdifrnfjzpfaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHuGefysLwmynm

&Siftoif; (rEÅav;wkdif;) trIaqmifwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

rEÅav;NrdKUawmf&Sd ajrae&maumif;wpfckukd oufqkdif&m

u cGifhjyKae&mcsxm;ay;vQif EkdifiHwumtqifhrDtaqmuf

ttHkrsm;yg0ifrnfh MICT Park ukd wnfaxmifzGifhvSpf&ef qE

&SdygaMumif; Zegyo IT Zone jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwDOuú|

OD;odef;xGwfu ajymMum;onf/

Mo*kwfv 1 &ufaeYu jyKvkyfaom Zegyo IT Zone zGifh

yGJESifh ICT Exhibition wGif ¤if;u ,if;uJhokdY ajymMum;jcif;

jzpfonf/

&wemyHkaps;opfBuD;NyD;pD;rSom rEåav; IT ukrÜPDrsm; wpfpkwpfa0;wnf;jzpfrnfrEÅav;? Mo*kwf 6rEÅav;? Mo*kwf 6

rEÅav;? Mo*kwf 6rEÅav;? Mo*kwf 6rEÅav;? Mo*kwf 6

jrefrmEkdifiHü 2000 jynfhESpf e-ASEAN Framework

Agreement oabmwlnDcsuft& ICT Park rsm;ukd xlaxmif

cJh&m rEÅav;NrdKUawmf MICT Park ukd &wemyHkaps; wwd,xyf

wGif 2003 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 16 &ufaeYu zGifhvSpfEkdifcJhaomf

vnf; 2008 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv 25 &ufaeYeHeufykdif;u

jzpf yGm;cJhaom &wemyHkaps;rD;avmifrIaMumifh ysufpD;qHk;½IH;cJh&

aMumif; ZlvkdifvtwGif;uusif;ycJhonfh Zegyo IT Zone zGifh

vSpfyJGtcrf;tem;wGif rEÅav;wkdif; at;csrf;om,ma&;ESif

zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDOuú| wkdif;rSL; AkdvfrSL;csKyfwifaiGu xnfh

oGif;ajymMum;onf/

Zegyo IT Zone ukd aps;csKdyvmZm pwkw¬xyfESifh yÍör

xyfwkdYwGif zGifhvSpfxm;NyD; ,ckzGifhvSpfxm;aomukrÜPDrsm;

wGif Man ? MIT? Royal Ayawadi? MRS? EVO Cyber

Mandalar? Cyber City (S'pore)? AZURE? SMART-Pro-

Active? MCC ? Techno Mandalar? Myanmar Insiprations?

GEO? Excellent Model Agency wkdY yg0ifMuonf/

Mdy.News

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

21


jrefrmEkdifiHtygt0if tmqD,H ckepfEkdifiH tmqD,Hy#dnmOf twnfjyKNyD;[kqkdpifumyl? Zlvkdif 19pifumyl? Zlvkdif 19

pifumyl? Zlvkdif 19pifumyl? Zlvkdif 19pifumyl? Zlvkdif 19

wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf;aom

ta&SUawmiftm&SEkdifiHrsm;toif;(tmqD

,H) tjzpf&yfwnfí 2015 ckESpfwGif

bkHaps;uGufxlaxmifrnfhtpDtpOfyg

0ifaom tmqD,Hy#dnmOfukd jrefrm

EkdifiHtygt0if tmqD,HckepfEkdifiHu

twnfjyKNyD;jzpfaMumif; pifumylEkdifiH

jcm;a&;0efBuD; a*smh*sf,kd;u ajymMum;

onf/

tmqD,Hy#dnmOfukd twnfrjyK

&ao;onfh tzGJU0ifEkdifiHrsm;rSm tif'kd

eD;&Sm;? xkdif;ESifh zdvpfykdifwkdYjzpfaMumif;?

,if;okH;EkdifiHrSm ,ckESpfukefykdif;wGif y#d

nmOfrlMurf;ukd twnfjyKEkdifMurnf[k

arQmfvifhaMumif;? tmqD,HEkdifiHtoD;oD;

wGif jynfwGif;a&;jyóemrsm;&Sdaeaomf

jim; 2009 ckESpfrwkdifrD tmqD,Hy#d

nmOf w&m;0ifay:xGufvmrnfjzpf

aMumif; rpöwma*smh*sf,kd;u qkdonf/

tmqD,Hy#dnmOfrlMurf;ukd 2007

ckESpf 'DZifbmvtwGif;u pifumylwGif

tmqD,Htpkd;&tBuD;tuJrsm; twnf

jyKcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ tqkdygy#dnmOf

wGif wlnDaompD;yGm;a&;pHEIef; csrSwfusifh

okH;a&;? vlYtcGifhta&;umuG,fay;a&;wkdY

tygt0if tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm; wpfajy;nD

vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnfhpnf;rsOf;rsm;

yg&Sdonf/ tmqD,Hy#dnmOf ay:xGuf

vmonfhtcg tmqD,HrSm Oa&myor*¾

uJhokdY w&m;0ifa'oqkdif&m tzJGUtpnf;

wpfcktjzpf &yfwnfEkdifrnf jzpfonf/

wGif; tdrfoHk;tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;aps;uGufwGif emrnf& tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;rsm;\aps;EIef;rsm; odompGmwGif; tdrfoHk;tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;aps;uGufwGif emrnf& tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;rsm;\aps;EIef;rsm; odompGm

wGif; tdrfoHk;tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;aps;uGufwGif emrnf& tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;rsm;\aps;EIef;rsm; odompGmwGif; tdrfoHk;tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;aps;uGufwGif emrnf& tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;rsm;\aps;EIef;rsm; odompGmwGif; tdrfoHk;tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;aps;uGufwGif emrnf& tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;rsm;\aps;EIef;rsm; odompGm

usqif;rIaMumifh aps;uGuftwGif; aps;uGufa0pkyHkoP²mefajymif;vJrI BuD;rm;pGmjzpfay:aeonfukd awGU&onf/usqif;rIaMumifh aps;uGuftwGif; aps;uGufa0pkyHkoP²mefajymif;vJrI BuD;rm;pGmjzpfay:aeonfukd awGU&onf/

usqif;rIaMumifh aps;uGuftwGif; aps;uGufa0pkyHkoP²mefajymif;vJrI BuD;rm;pGmjzpfay:aeonfukd awGU&onf/usqif;rIaMumifh aps;uGuftwGif; aps;uGufa0pkyHkoP²mefajymif;vJrI BuD;rm;pGmjzpfay:aeonfukd awGU&onf/usqif;rIaMumifh aps;uGuftwGif; aps;uGufa0pkyHkoP²mefajymif;vJrI BuD;rm;pGmjzpfay:aeonfukd awGU&onf/

tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;aps;EIef;rsm;usqif;í aps;uGufa0pkykHo±mefajymif;vJoo

ooo

wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfqef;rif;wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfqef;rif;

wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfqef;rif;wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfqef;rif;wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfqef;rif;

jynf

jynfwGif; tdrfoHk;tDvufx&Gefepf

aps;uGufwGif ½kyfjrifoHMum;pufESifh

DVD pufrsm; a&mif;0,frIyrmP

tjrifhqHk;jzpfNyD; aps;uGufa0pktm;jzifh

vlBudKufrsm;onfh emrnfBuD;wHqdyfrsm;

jzpfaom ukd&D;,m;EkdifiHvkyf Samsung ?

LG ? Panasonic wkdYyg0ifonfh tkyfpk (1)?

pifumyl? rav;&Sm;? w½kwfESifh xkdif;

EkdifiHwkdYrS0ifa&mufNyD; vlodrsm;onfh

Polytron ? Master wkdYyg0ifonfh tkyfpk

(2) ESifh jynfwGif;üwyfqifxkwfvkyfonf

[k w&m;0ifaMunmxm;onfh Star ? Fuji

wkdYyg0ifonfh tkyfpk (3) [lí tkyfpkoHk;ck

tMurf;zsif;cGJEkdifonf/

,if;tkyfpkoHk;ckwGif jrefrmEkdifiH\

pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;rItaetxm;t& vloHk;

rsm;onfh tkyfpk (1) 0if Samsung ESifh

LG wkdYonf jynfwGif;tDvufx&Gefepf

ypönf;rsm;\ aps;uGufaps;EIef;ukd jy|mef;

xm;ouJhokdYjzpfae&m arv (2) &ufESifh

(3) &ufaeYrsm;wGif wkdufcwfcJhaom em

*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;tNyD; ,if;wHqdyf

ypönf;rsm;\ aps;EIef;rsm;rSm ododom

omusqif;oGm;ojzifh useftkyfpk0if

wHqdyfrsm;vnf; ododomom vkdufvH

aps;EIef;avQmhcs&onfhtaetxm;wpf&yf

jzpfay:cJh&mrS aps;uGufa0pktajymif;

tvJrsm; jzpfay:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

tdrfoHk;tDvufx&Gefepfaps;uGuf

ukd ajc&maumufMunfh&mwGif ,ckESpf

{NyDv r[moBuFefyGJawmfumvtwGif;

u oBuFeftxl;ta&mif;jr§ifhwifa&;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

22


tjzpf tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;aps;EIef;

rsm;avQmhcsí ta&mif;jr§ifhwifcJhojzifh

,if;umvupí yxrtqifhtjzpf

tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;aps;EIef;rsm; usqif;

cJhonfukd awGU&onf/

,if;umvtvGef arvqef;wGif

trSwfrxif 0ifa&mufvmonfh em*pf

rkefwkdif;aMumifh pD;yGm;a&;[efcsufysuf

oGm;NyD; ta&mif;t0,fat;aeojzifh

ta&mif;jr§ifhwifa&;twGuf aps;EIef;

wpfqifh xyfrHavQmhcs&mrS ,ckESpfqef;

ykdif;ua&mif;csonfh aps;EIef;rsm;xuf

a,bk,stm;jzifh usyfav;aomif;cefY

aps;EIef;avsmhusoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/

]]yHkrSefaps;uGuftaetxm;t&qkd

&if Samsung wkdY? LG wkdY? Sony wkdYu

vnf; olwkdYtwef;tpm;tvkduf aps;uGuf

a0pktawmf&xm;w,f/ 'kwd,aps;uGuf

a0pk&xm;wJh Brand awGu Polytron wkdY

Master wkdYaygh/ 'gayrJh {NyDavmufrSm

T-home eJY Fuji u aps;uGufa0pk awmf

awmf&vmw,f/ *syefjynfwGif;oHk; 110

AkdY wDADta[mif;aps;uGufuawmh tJ'D

tcsdefrSm vHk;0em;oGm;NyD/ tck ZGefvrSm

usawmh aps;uGufu csufcsif;ajymif;oGm;

w,f/ bmvkdYvJqkdawmh wHqdyftjrifh

awGu aps;xkd;usvmawmh tkyfpk (2) eJY

(3) u wHqdyfawGuvnf; aps;vkdufcs&

w,f/ jynfwGif;xkwf tkyfpk (3) wHqdyf

awGu aps;csEkdifayr,fh e,fpyfuoGif;&

wJhypönf;awGuawmh e,fpyfuaewif

oGif;&wJh vrf;aMumif;taetxm;? t&if;

tESD;tajctaeawGaMumifh aps;wpftm;

oGm;csvkdYr&bl; jzpfaew,f/ 'Dawmh

aps;uGufa0pku tkyfpk (1) eJY tkyfpk (3)

u oufomoGm;wmaygh}} [k vkyfouf

&ifh tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;a&mif;0,f

a&;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u &Sif;jyonf/

jynfwGif;tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;

aps;uGufwGif e,fpyfrSwifoGif;onfh

wHqdyftrsm;pkonf wpfOD;wnf; wifoGif;

jcif;r[kwfbJ t&if;tESD;yrmPrsm;ap

&ef tkyfpkzGJUí wifoGif;Mujcif;jzpfNyD;

wHqdyfwpfrsKd;wnf;ukd a&&SnfwifoGif;

Mujcif;r[kwfaMumif; aps;uGuftae

txm;ay:vkdufí wHqdyftrsK d;rsK d;

ajymif;vJwifoGif;aejcif;jzpfaMumif;?

vuf&Sdaps;EIef;taetxm;t& tkyfpk (3)

0ifypönf;rsm;\aps;EIef;rsm; ododomom

avQmhcsvkdufjcif;aMumifh aps;uGufykdrkd&&Sd

oGm;aMumif;? Star wHqdyfonf Fuji wHqdyf

ESifh aps;EIef;uGm[csuf usyfaxmif*Pef;

yifv,fjyifvkyfoufrjynfUao;olrsm;,m,Dtoif;om;uwfxkwfay;



yifv,fjyifwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaeaom jrefrmoabFmom;rsm; tcuftcJ

r&Sdapa&;twGuf yifv,fjyifvkyfouf (Sea Service) wpfESpfrjynfhao;olrsm;ukd

,m,Dtoif;om;uwfrsm; xkwfay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiH yifv,ful;

oabFmom;rsm;toif;rS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u Living Color okdY ajymMum;onf/

tqkdygtoif;taejzifh ,cifumvrsm;u yifv,fjyifvkyfouf wpfESpfjynfh

NyD;olrsm;ukdom toif;om;uwfrsm;xkwfa0ay;cJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg jrefrmoabFm

om;rsm; yifv,fjyifwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOftwGif; tcuftcJwpfpkHwpf&m

rjzpfay:apa&;twGuf ,m,Dtoif;om;uwfrsm;xkwfay;&ef pDpOfaqmif&Guf&

jcif;jzpfaMumif; ¤if;u ajymMum;onf/

,if;uJhokdY ,m,Dtoif;om;uwfjyKvkyfvkdolrsm;taejzifh oufqkdif&m

oabFmvkdif;rS cH0efcsuf? SECD rS xGufpmrl&if;ESifh rdwåLwkdYESifhwuG vma&mufjyK

vkyfEkdifaMumif; toif;rS pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

vif;ukdukvif;ukduk

vif;ukdukvif;ukdukvif;ukduk

dd

ddd(pufrIwuúokdvf)(pufrIwuúokdvf)

(pufrIwuúokdvf)(pufrIwuúokdvf)(pufrIwuúokdvf)

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

23


om&Sdí Star wHqdyfrSm aps;uGuftm;om

csuf&SdvmaMumif; avhvmawGU&Sd&onf/

]]vuf&Sdaps;EIef;uae csufcsif;

jyefwufzkdY rjzpfEkdifovkd qufNyD;xyf

uszkdYvnf; rjzpfEkdifawmhbl;/ tkyfpk (1)

0ifwHqdyfawGu aps;uGufawmfawmf&

oGm;NyD; 'Dtajctaewkdif; a&&SnfoGm;

&ifawmh e,fpyfvrf;aMumif;u0ifwJh

ypönf;awG aps;uGufa0pkavsmhusoGm;zkdY

&Sdw,f/ tck DVD qkd&if w½kwfEkdifiHvkyf

DVD eJY ypönf;rJh vufcrJhtmrcHay;wJh

jynfwGif;xkwf DVD u aps; 5000 usyf

avmufyJuGmawmhwmqkdawmh ypönf;eJY

vufcrJh tmrcHay;wJh jynfwGif;xkwf

DVD pufawGu tm;omoGm;wmaygh}}

[k tDvufx&Gefepfypönf; ta&mif;qkdif

wpfckrS ta&mif;0efxrf;wpfOD;u &Sif;jy

onf/

,ckjzpfay:aeonfh aps;uGuf

tajymif;tvJyHkoP²mefaMumifh jynf

wGif;xkwfwHqdyfrsm;taejzifh t&nf

taoG;aumif;rGefpGmjzifh xkwfvkyfEkdif

ygu aps;uGufa0pkykdrkd&EkdifouJhokdY tkyfpk

(1)0ifwHqdyfrsm;rSmvnf; aps;uGufa0pk

qufvufjrifhwufzG,f&SdaMumif;? e,fpyf

vrf;aMumif;rSwifoGif;vmonfh wHqdyf

rsm; aps;uGufraysmuf&ef ½kef;uef&zG,f

&SdNyD; wHqdyftrsm;pkonf aps;uGufrS

aysmufoGm;zG,f&SdaMumif; tDvufx&Gefepf

aps;uGufuRrf;usifolrsm;u oHk;oyfMu

onf/

2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 21 &ufaeYu aps;uGufwGif;rS aumuf,l&&Sdonfh2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 21 &ufaeYu aps;uGufwGif;rS aumuf,l&&Sdonfh

2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 21 &ufaeYu aps;uGufwGif;rS aumuf,l&&Sdonfh2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 21 &ufaeYu aps;uGufwGif;rS aumuf,l&&Sdonfh2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 21 &ufaeYu aps;uGufwGif;rS aumuf,l&&Sdonfh

½kyfjrifoHMum;pufESif h ½kyfjrifoHMum;pufESif h

½kyfjrifoHMum;pufESif h ½kyfjrifoHMum;pufESif h ½kyfjrifoHMum;pufESif h DVD

aps;EIef;rsm;aps;EIef;rsm;

aps;EIef;rsm;aps;EIef;rsm;aps;EIef;rsm;

Samsung (TV)CS - 21 K 30 ml - 173300 usyf(21")

CS - 21 M 40 ml - 169400 usyf (21")

CS - 21 Z 50 ml - 190600 (Slim) (21")

CS - 21 T 20 El - 221000 usyf (21")

Star (TV)

21 T 07 - 126400 usyf (21")

21 T 50 - 132400 usyf (21")

Fuji (TV)

T- 2107 B - 118000 usyf (21")

Fuji 29" - 245000 usyf

Fuji 14" - 80000 usyf

Sony (a&mifpH ka&mifpH k

a&mifpH ka&mifpH ka&mifpH k) (TV)

KVBZ 213 m 50 (21") - 235000 usyf

KVSZ 252 m 80 (21") - 399000 usyf

KVAZ 213 m 61 (21") - 299000 usyf

KVSZ 292 m 80 (29") - 479000 usyf

LG (TV)

FB 5 RG (21") - 179000 usyf

FS2 CL (21") - 195000 usyf

21 FU 6RL (21") - 229000 usyf

FD 4 ALM (29") - 359000 usyf

FG 1 RL (29") - 379000 usyf

Panasonic (TV)21 G x 20 m - 211500usyf

Master (21") - 268000 usyf

Polytron (21") - 125000 usyf

T-home

SS21T02 (21") - 149000 usyf

E2126 (21") - 139000 usyf

ST29T02 (29") - 279000 usyf

DVDSumsung P365K - 74400 usyf

Sumsung P260K - 70500 usyf

Sony DVP.NS508 - 99000 usyf

LG K276 - 75000 usyf

Star - 49800 usyf

Fuji - 48200 usyf

wHqdyfrsKd;pHk - 45000 - 50000 0ef;usif

T-home

DVD 801K - 55900 usyf

DVD 711K - 49900 usyf

TV SS21 TO2 - 14500 usyf

TH-E2926 M20 - 29900 usyf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

24


aejynfawmf NrdKUraps;ESifh aejynf

awmf ysOf;rem;aps;wkdYwGif b&mZD;iSuf

aysmoD;rsm; aps;uGufxkd;azmuf0if

a&mufvmNyD; O,smOfjcHjzifh pD;yGm;jzpf

pkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfvmMuaMumif; aejynf

awmf-ysOf;rem;NrdKU apmik0gpkdufysKd;a&;

jcHrS OD;apmvif;u ajymMum;onf/

om0w¬dNrdKU&Sd b&mZD;iSufaysm

pkdufysKd;a&;jcHrS pD;yGm;jzpfpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyf

olwpfOD;u b&m;ZD;iSufaysmtyif

6000 ukd prf;oyfpkdufysKd;cJh&m ,cktcg

jynfwGif;aps;uGufomru jynfyaps;

uGufokdY jzefYcsdEkdifNyDjzpfaMumif;? jynfy

aps;uGuftjzpf w½kwfjynfolYor®w

EkdifiHokdY wifykYdaeNyD; iSufaysmoD;wpfckdif

vQif 10000 usyfausmfrS t&nftaoG;

aumif;NyD; tckdifvSvQif 30000 usyf

txdaps;&&SdaMumif; &Sif;jyonf/

b&mZD;iSufaysmukd pkduf{u wkd;

csJUpkdufysKd;ygu Export aps;uGufwGif

aps;aumif;aeonfhtwGuf pD;yGm;jzpf

vkyfief;wpfckjzpfvmEkdifaMumif;? b&m

ZD;iSufaysmrsKd;pdwfopfonf jrefrmEkdifiH

okdY 2002-2003 ckESpfcefYwGif pwif

a&muf&SdvmNyD; pkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfvm

aMumif; OD;apmvif;u ajymMum;onf/

b&mZD;iSufaysmwpfyif\ ouf

wrf;rSm tyifpwifpkdufysKd;onfhtcsdefrS

tckdifxGuf toD;xkwfvkyfonftxd

&SpfvrS wpfESpftMum; MumwwfNyD; ESpfpOf

toD;xGuf&SdaMumif;? pkdufysKd;jyKpkrI

tay:rlwnfNyD; b&mZD;iSufaysm wpf

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem; b&mZD;iSufaysmaps;uGufxkd;azmufaejynfawmf-ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 3aejynfawmf-ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 3

aejynfawmf-ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 3aejynfawmf-ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 3aejynfawmf-ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 3

ckdifukd 14 zD;? 15 zD;ESifhtxuf yg&Sd

aMumif;? b&mZD;iSufaysmrsKd;yGm;&mü

wpfoQL;rsKd;yGm;pkdufysKd;í&ouJhokdY yif

yGm;om;wufrS jrefrmhenf;jzifh rsKd;yGm;

pkdufysKd;MuaMumif;? ausmufqnfNrdKU&Sd

pkdufysKd;a&;jcHwGif b&mZD;iSufaysmukd

wpfoQL;rSrsKd;yGm;xkwfvkyfum rsKd;a&mif;

onfhaps;uGuf&SdaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

aejynfawmfESifh aejynfawmf-

ysOf;rem;NrdKUwGif O,smOfjcHpkdufysKd;a&;

vkyfief;rsm;ESifhtwl b&mZD;iSufaysm

pkdufysKd;a&;jcHrsm; wkd;csJUaqmif&Gufvm

aMumif; a'ocHrsm;xHrS od&onf/

rif;okckdifrif;okckdif

rif;okckdifrif;okckdifrif;okckdif

jr0wDtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefESifUtwl owif;tcsuftvufESifUqufoG,fa&;pepfrsm; wdk;wufvmrnf[k a'ocHrsm;arQmfvifUowif;aqmif;yg; - od*Ðwdkuf? 22-7-2008owif;aqmif;yg; - od*Ðwdkuf? 22-7-2008

owif;aqmif;yg; - od*Ðwdkuf? 22-7-2008owif;aqmif;yg; - od*Ðwdkuf? 22-7-2008owif;aqmif;yg; - od*Ðwdkuf? 22-7-2008

MumMum

MumMumMum

rDrD

r Dr Dr DzGifhvSpfawmhrnfh jr0wDtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefESihftwl jr0wDNrdKUwGif atmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm;ajymif;vJwyfqifay;&efzGifhvSpfawmhrnfh jr0wDtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefESihftwl jr0wDNrdKUwGif atmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm;ajymif;vJwyfqifay;&ef

zGifhvSpfawmhrnfh jr0wDtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefESihftwl jr0wDNrdKUwGif atmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm;ajymif;vJwyfqifay;&efzGifhvSpfawmhrnfh jr0wDtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefESihftwl jr0wDNrdKUwGif atmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm;ajymif;vJwyfqifay;&efzGifhvSpfawmhrnfh jr0wDtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefESihftwl jr0wDNrdKUwGif atmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm;ajymif;vJwyfqifay;&ef

tpdk;&uaqmif&Gufae&m ,cif vufvSnfhtdwfcsdef;zkef;ESifh tpdk;&uaqmif&Gufae&m ,cif vufvSnfhtdwfcsdef;zkef;ESifh

tpdk;&uaqmif&Gufae&m ,cif vufvSnfhtdwfcsdef;zkef;ESifh tpdk;&uaqmif&Gufae&m ,cif vufvSnfhtdwfcsdef;zkef;ESifh tpdk;&uaqmif&Gufae&m ,cif vufvSnfhtdwfcsdef;zkef;ESifh iPSTAR

N*dK N*dK

N*dK N*dK N*dK

[[

[[[

fwkzkef;rsm;udkom toHk;jyKae&&mrS ,if;fwkzkef;rsm;udkom toHk;jyKae&&mrS ,if;

fwkzkef;rsm;udkom toHk;jyKae&&mrS ,if;fwkzkef;rsm;udkom toHk;jyKae&&mrS ,if;fwkzkef;rsm;udkom toHk;jyKae&&mrS ,if;

atmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm; wyfqifNyD;ygu a'o\qufoG,fa&;u@rSmatmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm; wyfqifNyD;ygu a'o\qufoG,fa&;u@rSm

atmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm; wyfqifNyD;ygu a'o\qufoG,fa&;u@rSmatmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm; wyfqifNyD;ygu a'o\qufoG,fa&;u@rSmatmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm; wyfqifNyD;ygu a'o\qufoG,fa&;u@rSm

ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmzG,f&dSonf[k a'ocHrsm;uqdkonf/ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmzG,f&dSonf[k a'ocHrsm;uqdkonf/

ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmzG,f&dSonf[k a'ocHrsm;uqdkonf/ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmzG,f&dSonf[k a'ocHrsm;uqdkonf/ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmzG,f&dSonf[k a'ocHrsm;uqdkonf/

r

vuf&dStaetxm;wGif xdkif;EdkifiH

bufrSrdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;udk jr0wD? aumh

u&dwf ponfhNrdKUrsm;wGif toHk;jyKaeMu

NyD; zkef;uwfrsm;vnf; tvG,fwul

0,f,l&&dSaomfvnf; xdkif;EdkifiHbufESifh

jr0wD? aumhu&dwfNrdKUwdkYwGifom toHk;

jyKEdkifaMumif;? jynfwGif;a'otESHYtjym;

odkY qufoG,f&eftwGuf t"dutoHk;jyK

Mu&onfh ADSL Broadband tifwm

eufpepfuJhodkY ydkrdkpdwfcs&onfh tifwm

eufqufoG,fa&;pepfudk toHk;rjyKEdkif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

25


ao;aMumif; ¤if;uqdkonf/

xdkif;EdkifiHbufjcrf; rJaqmufNrdKU

wGifrl tifwmeufqufoG,fa&;udk us,f

us,fjyefYjyefYtoHk;jyKaeNyDjzpfaomfvnf;

acsmif;wpfckomjcm;aom jrefrmEkdifiH

bufurf;wGif tifwmeuftoHk;jyKrIr&dS

onfESifhywfoufí ]] 'DrSmu t"duçu

rtm;Mubl;/ Knowledge wdkY twef;

ynma&;wdk Yxufudk pD;yGm;a&;udkyJ

tm;vHk;u vkyfaeMuwm/ rdbawGu

vnf; udk,fhom;orD;ynma&;xuf pD;yGm;

a&;udkyJ tcsdefay;aeMuwm}}[k a'ocH

vli,fwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

a'ocHrsm;\tqdkt& rMumrD

atmfwdkw,fvDzkef;rsm; wyfqifay;&ef

twGuf ,cifvufvSnfhtdwfcsdef;zkef;

vuf0,f&dSolrsm;udk usyfaiG ig;odef;

aumufcH&ef owfrSwfxm;onfukd awGU

&aMumif;od&onf/ wdk;wufvmonfh

ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,frIpepfwGif

owif;tcsuftvufudk jynfhpHkpGm&&dS

jcif;onf ta&;BuD;onfhtcsufwpfck

jzpfay&m jr0wDuJhodkY e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;

NrdKUrSa'ocHrsm;twGuf tifwmeufuGef

&uf qufoG,ftoHk;jyKrI ydkrdkvdktyfvm

aMumif; uGefysLwmynm&SifwpfOD;u

oHk;oyfonf/

]]roHk;Mubl;awmh r[kwfbl;/

wu,fhwu,f pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;twGuf

Information twGuf oHk;Muwmawmh

enf;w,f/ G-Talk avmufyJ vli,fawG

oHk;Muwmawmh&dSw,f/ [dkbufurf;

(rJaqmuf) udk oGm;oHk;Muwmaygh/

wHwm;ujzwf&if jrefrmaiG 1000 usyf

ay;&if ul;vdkY&w,fqdkawmh vG,fwm

aygh/ aemufydkif;awmh PAC vdkrsdK;awG

vkyfvmMurSmyg/ atmfwdkzkef;awGvnf;

csay;awmhrSmqdkawmh wjznf;jznf;awmh

jzpfvmrSmaygh}} [k a'ocHvli,fwpfOD;

jzpfol udkausmfpGmu qdkonf/

jynfwGif;aps;uGufodkY vloHk;ukef

ESifh pm;aomufukefypönf;rsm; t"du0if

a&mufaeonfh e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;

vrf;aMumif;wpfckjzpfaom jr0wDNrdKU\

pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrSm vuf&dSum

vwGif owif;tcsuftvufay:wGif

tajccHvkyfudkifMujcif;r[kwf[k pD;yGm;

a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;uqdkMuaomfvnf;

tu,fí owif;tcsuftvuf vG,f

ulvsifjrefpGmpD;qif;vmygurl ,ckxuf

ukefoG,fa&;udpö&yfrsm; ydkrdkzGHUNzdK;vmrnf

[kvnf; ukefonfwpfOD;u oHk;oyfonf/

ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,frIwGif

ta&;ygonfh vrf;? wHwm;rsm;? owif;

tcsufenf;ynmESifhqufoG,fa&;qdkif&m

tajccHtaqmuftODrsm;rSm 1988 ckESpf

aemufydkif;wGif odompGmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf

vm&m e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;yrmPonf

vnf; vdkufygwdk;wufvsuf&dSonfhtjyif

,if;vkyfief;tay:wnfrSD tvkyfvkyf

udkifolOD;a& wdk;yGm;vmaMumif;? tajccH

taqmuftODrsm; jynfhpHkaumif;rGefvm

onfESifhtrQ ukefoG,fa&;vkyfief;pOf

rsm; ydkrdkwdk;wufvmrnfjzpfaMumif; pD;

yGm;a&;ynm&SifwpfOD;u oHk;oyfonf/

jrefrmopfr*¾Zif; toGifopfjzifU jyefvnfxGuf&SdrnfrEÅav;? Zlvkdif 18rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 18


vpOfxkwfr*¾Zif;tjzpf xkwfa0cJhNyD; ESpftwefMum&yfem;xm;aom jrefrm

opfr*¾Zif;ukd toGifopfjzifh vmrnfhpufwifbmvtwGif; xkwfa0rnfjzpfaMumif;

,if;r*¾Zif;ukd wm0ef,lvkyfukdifrnfh t,f'DwmwpfOD;xHrS od&onf/

,if;r*¾Zif;wGif uAsm? 0w¬Kwkd? pmayaqmif;yg;? odyÜHaqmif;yg;rsm; yg0if

NyD; pmzwfolrsm; odrf;qnf;xm;&rnfh pmayqkdif&mr*¾Zif;wpfapmiftjzpf BudK;yrf;

xkwfa0oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;u ajymMum;onf/

tqkdygjrefrmopfr*¾Zif;ukd ,cifu armifarmifxGef;atmif (usef;rma&;)

u wm0ef,laqmif&GuffcJhNyD; av;ESpfcefY xkwfa0cJhonf/ ,ckxGuf&Sdrnfh jrefrm

opfr*¾Zif;\ t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf ydawmufyGifhopfr*¾Zif;wGif t,f'Dwmtjzpfvkyf

ukdifcJhaom armifwifopfu wm0ef,laqmif&GufrnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;xHrS od&onf/

Mdy.News

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

26


jrefrm-xkdif;-rav;&Sm;Ek difiH

cGmemvQmemuif;&Sif;a&;Zkefqkdif&m (10)

Budrfajrmuftpnf;ta0;ukd jrefrmEkdifiH

rEÅav;NrdKUü 2009 ckESpf ZGefvwGif

usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif; arG;jrLa&;ESifh

ukoa&;OD;pD;XmerS tBuD;wef;t&m&Sd

wpfOD;u Living Color okdY ajymMum;

onf/

tpnf;ta0;wGif cGmemvQmem

a&m*guif;&Sif;a&;Zkefrsm;twGuf a&m

(10) Budrfajrmuf cGmemvQmemuif;&Sif;a&;Zkeftpnf;ta0; jrefrmüusif;yrnf



*gysHUESHYpl;prf;&SmazGjcif;qkdif&m uGef&uf?

a&m*gpl;prf;&SmazGrIrS&&Sdonfhtcsuf

tvufrsm;ukd avhvmqef;ppfjcif;? oHk;

EkdifiHa'owGif; aqmif&GufaerI wkd;wuf

rItajctaersm;? umuG,faq;xkd;rnfh

enf;AsL[mrsm;? wd&pämefa&TUajymif;oGm;

vmrItpDtrHrsm;? vlxkynmay;a&;

tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh a&SUvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd

aqG;aEG;rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;u&Sif;jy

onf/

,if;tpnf;ta0;uk d rlvu

2008 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHü usif;y&ef

pDpOfxm;aomfvnf; em*pfqkdifuvkef;

rkefwkdif;aMumifh xkdif;EkdifiHü ZGefv 29

&ufaeYrS Zlvkdifv 27 &ufaeYtxd a&TU

ajymif;usif;ycJhaMumif;? cGmemvQmem

uif;&Sif;a&;Zkeftjzpf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif

weoFm&Dwkdif;? xkdif;EkdifiHwGif a'o 8?

9 ESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif Parlis, Perak,

Kalantan jynfe,fwkdYukd owfrSwfxm;

aMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif cGmemvQmem

uif;&Sif;a&;Zkefe,fajropfrsm; azmf

xkwfEkdif&ef aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif;

¤if;u qkdonf/

MuLMuLoifMuLMuLoif

MuLMuLoifMuLMuLoifMuLMuLoif

;;

;;;(rk d;ajr)(rk d;ajr)

(rk d;ajr)(rk d;ajr)(rk d;ajr)

pda&m*gwGif tjzpftrsm;qHk;aom twGif;wdrfa&m*gonf touft&G,fBuD;jrifhvmonfESifhtrQ jzpfyGm;rIrsm;pda&m*gwGif tjzpftrsm;qHk;aom twGif;wdrfa&m*gonf touft&G,fBuD;jrifhvmonfESifhtrQ jzpfyGm;rIrsm;

pda&m*gwGif tjzpftrsm;qHk;aom twGif;wdrfa&m*gonf touft&G,fBuD;jrifhvmonfESifhtrQ jzpfyGm;rIrsm;pda&m*gwGif tjzpftrsm;qHk;aom twGif;wdrfa&m*gonf touft&G,fBuD;jrifhvmonfESifhtrQ jzpfyGm;rIrsm;pda&m*gwGif tjzpftrsm;qHk;aom twGif;wdrfa&m*gonf touft&G,fBuD;jrifhvmonfESifhtrQ jzpfyGm;rIrsm;

vmwwfjcif;aMumifh rsufpda&m*gukojcif;ESifh umuG,fjcif;onf tNrJvdktyfaernfjzpfaMumif; rsufcrf;pyfESifhvmwwfjcif;aMumifh rsufpda&m*gukojcif;ESifh umuG,fjcif;onf tNrJvdktyfaernfjzpfaMumif; rsufcrf;pyfESifh

vmwwfjcif;aMumifh rsufpda&m*gukojcif;ESifh umuG,fjcif;onf tNrJvdktyfaernfjzpfaMumif; rsufcrf;pyfESifhvmwwfjcif;aMumifh rsufpda&m*gukojcif;ESifh umuG,fjcif;onf tNrJvdktyfaernfjzpfaMumif; rsufcrf;pyfESifhvmwwfjcif;aMumifh rsufpda&m*gukojcif;ESifh umuG,fjcif;onf tNrJvdktyfaernfjzpfaMumif; rsufcrf;pyfESifh

rsufrjrifumuG,fa&;pDrHudef;usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerS 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL; a'gufwmcifNidrf;vif;u ajymMum;onf/rsufrjrifumuG,fa&;pDrHudef;usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerS 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL; a'gufwmcifNidrf;vif;u ajymMum;onf/

rsufrjrifumuG,fa&;pDrHudef;usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerS 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL; a'gufwmcifNidrf;vif;u ajymMum;onf/rsufrjrifumuG,fa&;pDrHudef;usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerS 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL; a'gufwmcifNidrf;vif;u ajymMum;onf/rsufrjrifumuG,fa&;pDrHudef;usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerS 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL; a'gufwmcifNidrf;vif;u ajymMum;onf/

rsufpda0'emonfrsm; ukorIESifUumuG,frI tNrJvdktyfoo

ooo

wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfaZ,smxGef; ? 1-8-2008wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfaZ,smxGef; ? 1-8-2008

wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfaZ,smxGef; ? 1-8-2008wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfaZ,smxGef; ? 1-8-2008wif;aqmif;yg;-ausmfaZ,smxGef; ? 1-8-2008

rsuf

rsufvHk;wGif t"dujzpfwwfaom

a&m*grsm;rSm rsufcrf;pyfjzpfjcif;? rsuf

vHk;udkxdcdkuf'Pf&m&jcif;? rsufvHk;tdrf

rStm½HkaMumrsm;xdcdkufjcif;? twGif;

wdrf? a&wdrfjzpfjcif; ponfwdkYjzpfMu

aMumif;? twGif;wdrfonf arG;&mygtwGif;

wdrf&dSouJhokdY toufBuD;íjzpfjcif;rsm;

vnf;&dSaMumif;? qD;csKd? aoG;wdk;a&m*g

rsm;aMumifhvnf; twGif;wdrf? a&wdrf

jzpfwwfaMumif;? a&wdrfrsufpda&m*g

wGif emusifudkufcJonfh axmihfusOf;a&

wdrfESifh emusifudkufcJrIudkrod&bJ tm½Hk

aMumudkxdcdkufonfh axmifhus,fa&wdrf

wdkYrSm aMumufrufzG,f&maumif;onfh

rsufpda&m*grsm;jzpfaMumif;? tcsdKUaom

rsufpda&m*grsm;onf rsdK;½dk;ADZESifhqdkif

ovdk rsufpdzGJUpnf;yHkESifhvnf;oufqdkif

aMumif;? pdwfylyefwwfolrsm;vnf; a&

wdrfjzpfwwfaMumif; ¤if;u &Sif;jy

onf/

]]rsufpda&m*grSm twGif;wdrfu

tjzpftrsm;qHk;yg/ touft&G,fBuD;vm

wmeJYtrQ twGif;wdrfjzpfwwfMuw,f/

toufBuD;vdkY qHyifjzLvmovdkrsdK;aygh/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

27


toufBuD;wJholawGrSm trsm;qHk;awGU&

w,f/ 'Drsufpda&m*geJYywfoufNyD; rsuf

crf;pyfeJY rsufrjrifumuG,fa&;pDrHudef;

qdkNyD; 1994 ckESpfu pNyD;aqmif&GufcJhwm

&dSw,f/ acsmuf? rdw¬Dvm? rHk&Gm? yJcl;?

pOfhudkifqdkNyD; a'oBuD;ig;ck owfrSwfcJh

wmaygh/ tJ'Da'oBuD;ig;ckrSm Xme 17

ckcGJNyD; rsufpda&m*gukoa&;? ynmay;

a&;awGudk rjywfaqmif&GufcJhw,f/ tck

qdk&if jrefrmEdkifiH[m rsufpda&m*gudk

Elimination tjzpf aMunmvdkY&aeNyDqdk

wm WHO tzGJUu ajymwm&dSygw,f}} [k

rsufpdtxl;ukq&m0efBuD; a'gufwm

cifNidrf;vif;u qufvufajymMum;

onf/

rsufpda&m*gESifhywfoufí wpf

ESpfvQif ESpfBudrfcefY aus;&Gmrsm;wGif uGif;

qif;íukojcif;? ynmay;jcif;wdkYudk yHk

rSefvma&mufaqmif&Gufay;onfudk

awGU&aMumif;? rsufcrf;pyfa&m*grsm;

twGuf rsufpif;cyf aq;ay;NyD;? cGJpdwf

uko&ef vdktyfaomvlemrsm;udk aq;½Hk

wufa&muf&efñTefMum;aMumif; acsmuf

NrdKUjynfolYaq;½HkwGifusif;yonfh tcrJh

rsufpdukotzGJUwGif vma&mufrsufpdcGJ

pdwfukool twGif;wdrfa0'em&Sif

a':cifNidrf;u ajymMum;onf/

]]ta':rsufpdwpfzufuG,faewmu

av;ESpfavmuf&dSNyD? twGif;wdrfjzpfwm

yg/ ta':htdrfom;vnf; rsufpdwpfzuf

u twGif;wdrfjzpfaew,f? oluawmh

tck rcGJEdkifao;bl;/ olygrsufpdcGJr,fqdk

&if tdrfrSmyg tvkyfvkyfr,fhol r&dSbl;/

olu xef;wufNyD; &SmauR;aewmyg/

ta':wdkYqDrSmu rdk;½Gm½Gm? aeylyl tNrJ

tvkyfvkyfae&awmh rsufpdvnf; *½krpdkuf

Edkifbl;? vufudkvnf; NrdKUaewJhvlawGvdk

oefYoefYjyefYjyefYxm;vdkYrSr&wm/ tck

aq;vnf; cPyJ? awmfMum jyefay

wm/ tJ'D'PfawGaMumifh 'Dvdkjzpfaewm

aygh/ pm;zdkYtwGufudkyJ *½kpdkufae&

w,f/ tckvdk tcrJhpDpOfay;vdkYom vm

cGJEdkifwm/ useftcsdefqdk b,fcGJEdkifrvdkY

wkef;}} [k IBTC ukrÜPDvDrdwufu yHhydk;

onfh tcrJhrsufpdcGJpdwfukotzGJUwGif

vma&mufrsufpdcGJol a':cifNidrf;u &Sif;

jyonf/

]]uRefawmfwdkYukrÜPD&JU 'Dvdkrsufpd

tcrJhcGJpdwfukoa&;c&D;pOf[m acsmuf

NrdKUu yxrqHk;yg/ vmorQrsufpda0'em

&SifawGtm;vHk;udk cGJpdwfukoay;oGm;rSm

yg/ uRefawmfwdkYjyefoGm;vdkY rsufpdcGJpdwf

r,fholawGusefao;w,fqdk&ifvnf;

cGJpdwfukowJhp&dwfudk 'Duq&m0efawG

eJY vTJtyfay;cJhrSmyg/ uRefawmfwdkY 'D

acsmufc&D;pOfNy D;&if awmifBuD;eJ Y

rEÅav;udk xyfoGm;zdkYpDpOfxm;ygw,f/

awmifBuD;? rEÅav;vdkYqdkayr,hf b,f

a'ou rsufpda0'em&SifyJjzpfjzpf vuf

cHukooGm;rSmyg/ ukrÜPDtaeeJY &dSvm

wJhtusdK;tjrwfudk EdkifiH&JUusef;rma&;?

ynma&;eJY tm;upm;u@awGrSm

rEåav;NrdKY xDqkdifBuD;rsm; vpOfuHprf;zGifUvSpfqJGaqmifrEÅav;? Zlvkdif 18rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 18


rEÅav;NrdKUawmf&Sd yif&if;xDqkdifBuD;rsm;taejzifh xDta&mif;jr§ifhwifa&; tpD

tpOftjzpf vpOfuHprf;rJzGifhvSpfí vufaqmifay;jcif;jyKvkyfum xD0goem&Sifrsm;

ukd qJGaqmifvsuf&SdaMumif; vpOf atmifbmavxDuHprf;ol rEÅav;NrdKUcHwpfOD;u

Living Color okdY ajymMum;onf/

atmifbmavxDxkd;&if; csufcsif;uHprf;rJEIdufum vufaqmifypönf;rsm; csuf

csif;ay;onfhxDqkdifrsm;&SdouJhokdY wefzkd;toifhtwifh&Sdaom TV uJhokdY vufaqmif

rsm;ukd vpOfrJazmufay;jcif;rsm;vnf;&SdaMumif; xDta&mif;ukd,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUxHrS

od&onf/

ZlvkdifvtwGuf vpOfuHprf;rJwGif TV wpfqk? DVD ig;qk? pufbD; ckepfqk

ESifhtwl pwD;csKdifh? wD&Syf? OD;xkyf? vufqJGtdwf? aiGuvyf? aiGzvm; tygt0if

qkrJaygif; 200 ausmf uHprf;zGifhvSpfay;cJhaMumif; rEÅav;NrdKUay:&Sd &wemodef;xkduf

atmifyif&if;xDqkdifxHrS pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

Mdy.News

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

28


tusdK;jyKwJhtvkyfawGudk vkyfaqmifoGm;

rSmyg}} [k acsmufNrdKUü tcrJhrsufpduko

tzGJUudkyHhydk;onfh Internaional Bever-

ages Tradind Co., Ltd. (IBTC) rS De-

sign and Development 'g½d kufwm

OD;wifhOD;u &Sif;jyonf/

]]jrefrmEdkifiHrSm rsufrjrifjzpfyGm;rI

EIef;[m 1998 ckESpfujyKpkwJh ppfwrf;

t& vl 1000 rSm ajcmufa,mufjzpf

aewmudk awGU&w,f/ ckaemufydkif;awmh

xyfrHppfwrf;aumufcHwmrsdK;awmh r&dS

ao;bl;/ rsufcrf;pyfeJY rsufrjrifum

uG,fa&;pDrHudef;awGudk aqmif&GufcJhwm

aMumifh atmifjrifrIawG &cJhygw,f/

'gayrJh wpfEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmt&

rsufpda0'emjzpfyGm;wJholudk ukoEdkifrI

[m vdktyfaeygao;w,f/ 'Dvdkapwem

&Sif ukrÜPDawGu ukoay;r,fqdk&if

vnf; uRefrwdkYusef;rma&;Xmeu ulnD

zdkY toifhygyJ}}[k a'gufwmcifNidrf;vif;

u ajymMum;onf/

rEåav;NrdKYawmf "mwfykHvkyfief;rsm;zHGY NzdK;&efukef? Zlvkdif 18&efukef? Zlvkdif 18


rEÅav;NrdKUawmfwGif owif;ESifh qufoG,fa&;enf;

ynm zHGUNzdK;rIESifhtwl "mwfykH½kduful;a&; (pwl'D,kd) ESifh

aq;^ ul;a&; tygt0if "mwfykHvkyfief;zHGUNzdK;vmum rMum

cPqkdovkd "mwfykH½kduful;a&;qkdifopfrsm; wkd;csJUzGifhvSpf

vmaMumif; rEÅav;NrdKUcHwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

,if;okdY rEÅav;NrdKUawmfwGif "mwfykHvkyfief;rsm; zHGUNzdK;

vm&jcif;rSm uGefysLwmESifh 'pf*spfw,fuifr&mrsm; ay:

aygufvmonfhenf;wl rEÅav;rS vli,frsm;taejzifh

"mwfykHtEkynmtay: pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;vmjcif;aMumifh jzpf

aMumif; "mwfykHjycef;zGifhvSpfxm;onfh "mwfykHynm&Sifwpf

OD;u Living Color \ar;jref;rIukd okH;oyfajymMum;onf/

rEÅav;NrdKUawmfwGif acwfrD'pf*spfw,f"mwfyHkul;

pufrsm;jzifh 0efaqmifrIay;aom "mwfykHul;qkdif 10 qkdifcefY

&SdNyD; "mwfykHaq;ul;crsm;ukdvnf; avQmhcsaqmif&Gufay;

aMumif;? 4" x 6" wpfykHvQif oHk;&musyfjzifh ½kduful;ay;ouJh

okdY aq;ul;c 80 usyf? 90 usyf ponfjzifh 0efaqmifc,l

aMumif; rEÅav;NrdKU "mwfykHul;qkdifwpfqkdifokdY ykHrSef"mwfykHul;

avh&Sdol yvdyfNrdKUrS "mwfykHq&mwpfOD;u qkdonf/

Mdy.News

Stanford wuúodkvf0ifcGifUpmar;yGJjynfwGif;wGif ajzqdkEkdif



xkdif;EkdifiHtajcpkduf Stanford wuúodkvfwGif wufa&muf

vdkaom jrefrmausmif;om;vli,frsm;taejzifh 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJ

(Replacement Test) udk xkdif;EkdifiHodkYoGm;a&muf&efrvdkbJ jynf

wGif;üyifajzqdkEdkifNyDjzpfaMumif; tqdkygwuúodkvf todtrSwfjyK

ukd,fpm;vS,f Global Education Link (GEL) rS 'g½dkufwm

OD;oufwifpkd;u ajymMum;onf/

ajzqdkvdkaomausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh Replacement Test

wGif t*Fvdyfpmo'´guRrf;usifrI em;axmifrIpGrf;&nf? a&;om;rI

pGrf;&nf? a0g[m&<u,f0rIpGrf;&nf? pmzwfEkdifrIpGrf;&nfwkdYudk

t"duxm; a&G;cs,fppfaq;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? ,cifuuJhodkY

av,mOfp&dwf? pm;aomufaexdkifp&dwf ponfhukefusp&dwf

rsm;ukefuscHí xdkif;EkdifiH&SdwuúodkvfokdY oGm;a&mufajzqdk&efrvdk

awmhojzifh p&dwfoufomoGm;aMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

tqkdyg0ifcGifhpmar;yGJwGif wuúodkvf0ifwef;atmifvufrSwf

ESifh trSwfpm&if;ukdom wifjy&efvdkNyD; IELTS ESifh TOEFL &rSwf

rsm;udkwifjy&efrvdkaMumif;? pmar;yGJaMu;udkvnf; ,if;wuúodkvf

uowfrSwfxm;aomEIef;twkdif;om ay;oGif;&rnfjzpfNyD; 0efaqmifc

ay;&efrvdkaMumif; ¤if;u xyfavmif;ajymMum;onf/

oif;rmoef;? ZmenfxGPf;oif;rmoef;? ZmenfxGPf;

oif;rmoef;? ZmenfxGPf;oif;rmoef;? ZmenfxGPf;oif;rmoef;? ZmenfxGPf;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

29


jynfwGif;pm;aomufukefaps;uGuf

twGif;ü ukd&D;,m;acgufqGJajcmufxkyf

rsm; aps;EIef;jrifhrm;aeaomfvnf; aps;

uGufck difrmvmaMumif; &efukefNrK dU

r*Fvmaps;&Sd pm;aomufukef vufvD

vufum;jzefYcsda&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;


vuf&Sdpm;aomufukefaps;uGufwGif

aps;uGuftckdiftrm&&Sdxm;aom Yum

Yum, MAMEE, MAMA, Shin Shin

ponfhtrSwfwHqdyfrsm;onf aps;EIef;ouf

omNyD; wpfxkyfvQif 150 usyfrS 200 usyf

0ef;usif&SdaMumif;? jynfwGif;aps;uGuf

twGif;okdY rMumao;cifu 0ifa&mufvm

aom ukd&D;,m;acgufqGJajcmufxkyfrsm;

onf wpfxkyfvQif 700 usyf&Sdaomfvnf;

ukd&D;,m;acgufqGJajcmuf aps;EIef;jrifUaomfvnf; aps;uGufckdifrm&efukef? Zlvkdif 24&efukef? Zlvkdif 24


aejynfawmf ,mOfpnf;urf;xdef;

odrf;a&;BuD;MuyfrIaumfrwDu aejynf

awmf ysOf;rem;c½kdiftwGif; 2008 ckESpf

ESpf0ufumvwGif ,mOfpnf;urf;vrf;

pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;ynmay;jcif;? ,mOf

pnf;urf;vrf;pnf;urf;qdkif&m taxmuf

tuljyKvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd&m

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;NrdKU&Sd yifavmif;

vrf;qHkwGif rD;yGdKifhav;ck? tcsufjy?

rD;0gig;ck? aejynfawmf v,fa0;NrdKUe,f

wGif tcsufjyrD;0gig;ck? aejynfawmf

wyfukef;NrdKUe,fwGif tcsufjy rD;0gav;

ck pkpkaygif; aejynfawmfc½kdiftwGif;

tcsufjyrD;0g 14 ck wyfqifNyD;jzpf

aMumif; ,if;aumfrwD\ owif;xkwf

jyefcsuft& od&Sd&onf/

tqdkygaejynfawmfc½k di fwGif

tcsufjyrD;0gwyfqifxm;onfhae&m

rsm;rSm aejynfawmfwkdif;ppfXmecsKyf½Hk;

a&SU (wdkif;½Hk;a&SU) wGifwpfck? jyefuajy;

vrf;auGUwGif ESpfck? &mZm|meDvrf; yef;

cif;vrf;qHkwGif ESpfck? t½kyfBuD;oHk;½kyf

a&SUwGifwpfck? aAm"dukef;vrf;qHkwGif

wpfck? tif;omppfaq;a&;*dwfteD;wGif

wpfck? aejynfawmf v,fa0;NrdKU t.x.u

(3) teD;wGifwpfck? atvmNrdKU vrf;qHk

wGifwpfck? aejynfawmf wyfukef;NrdKU

OD;a&Smif[kef;vrf;qHkwGifESpfck? &Sm;yif

qdwfvrf;qHkwGif ESpfckwdkYjzpfaMumif;

a'ocHvrf;toHk;jyKolrsm;xHrS pHkprf;od&

onf/

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;NrdKU&Sd qif

&wem? jrif;&wem tygt0if vrf;qHk

ae&mrsm;wGif rD;yGdKifh&SpfckxyfrHwyfqif

xm;&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif; ae

jynfawmf,mOfpnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;

BuD;MuyfrIaumfrwDrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;

u ajymMum;onf/

rif;okckdifrif;okckdif

rif;okckdifrif;okckdifrif;okckdif

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;c½kdif tcsufjyrD;0g 14 ckwyfqifNyD;aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 22aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 22

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 22aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 22aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Zlvkdif 22

242424 ? 393192

LIVING COLOR MEDIA

vuf&Sdaps;uGufwGifa&muf&Sdaeaomacguf

qGJajcmufrsm;ESifh aps;uGuf,SOfNydKifaeaMumif;

anmifyifav;aps;rS pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

,if;ukd&D;,m;acgufqGJajcmufxkyf

rsm;onf trJom;t&om? uifcsDt&

omESifh ykpGeft&omacgufqGJajcmufxkyf

rsm;jzpfNyD; jynfwGif;aps;uGufü uifcsD

t&omacgufqJGajcmufxkyfrsm; ykdrkd

ta&mif;oGufvsuf&SdaMumif;? jynfwGif;ü

ukd&D;,m;½kyf&SifZmwfvrf;wGJrsm; rMum

cPjyoaerIaMumifh ukd&D;,m;,Ofaus;

rI? tpm;tpmESifh t0wftxnfrsm;ukd

jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;&Sd q,fausmfoufrsm;

pGm ESpfoufvmMuaMumif;? ukd&D;,m;

EkdifiHxkwfacgufqGJajcmufxkyfrsm;? yJ

acgufqGJajcmufrsm;rSm vuf&Sdaps;uGuf

twGif;&Sd acgufqGJajcmufrsm;ESifh t&

omrwlojzifh aps;uGuf&&SdvmaMumif;

toifhpm;ukd&D;,m;acgufqGJajcmuf

a&mif;csolwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

r*Fvmaps;twGif;ü ukd&D;,m;

acgufqGJajcmufxkyf0,f,laeonfh

trsKd;orD;i,fwpfOD;u vuf&SdacgufqGJ

ajcmufxkyfrsm;xuf *&rfyk drsm;NyD;

tjcm;trSwfwHqdyf acgufqGJxkyfrsm;

wGifr&&Sdaom uifcsDt&omaMumifh

ukd&D;,m;acgufqGJxkyfrsm;ukd rMumcP

0,f,lpm;oHk;jzpfaMumif;? tjcm;trSwf

wHqdyfrsm;wGifvnf; uifcsDt&omjzifh

xkwfvkyfvmrnfqkdvQif aps;EIef;ouf

omonfh trSwfwHqdyfukd a&G;cs,fpm;

oHk;MurnfjzpfaMumif; ajymqkdonf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

30


yifv,fjyifokdh Mo*kwfvukeftwGif; ig;zrf;pufavSrsm;tm;vkH;ykHrSefjyefvnfxGufcGmí vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufrnf



em*pfrkefwkdif;wkdufcwfrI okH;v

vGefumv e,fy,ftoD;oD;&Sdvkyfief;

rsm; ykHrSefvnfywfvmcsdef ysufpD;rIrsm;

jym;cJhaom a&vkyfief;u@ ykHrSefjyef

vnfjzpfvmap&ef yifv,fjyifok d Y

Mo*kwfvukeftwGif; ig;zrf;pufavSrsm;

tm;vk H; jyefvnfxGufcGmrnfjzpf

aMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHyifv,fig;zrf;vkyf

ief;&Sifrsm;toif;Ouú| OD;armifarmifpkd;

uajymMum;onf/

jrefrmhyifv,fjyifwGif ig;zrf;qD;

aom avStpif;aygif; 400 cefYteuf

,ckvuf&SdwGif yifv,fjyifokdY w&GwfqGJ

pufavStpif; 200? bHkausmif; ig;zrf;

avStpif; 50 cefY ig;zrf;xGufaeNyDjzpf

aMumif;? usef&Sdonfh w&GwfqGJ tpif;

100 ausmfrSm em*pfavrkefwkdif;wkduf

'PfaMumifh ysufpD;rIrsm;twGuf tBuD;

pm;jyifqifrIrsm;jyKvkyfvsuf&SdaMumif;

¤if;uqkdonf/

&efukefwkdif; 'DZ,fqDjzefYjzL;a&;

aumfrwD (,m,D) u ¤if;wkdY&&Sdonfh

pufoHk;qDrsm;rS 35 &mckdifEIef;ukd jrefrm

EkdifiH yifv,fig;zrf;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;t

oif;okdY jzefYjzL;a&mif;csay;vsuf&Sdaomf

vnf; vuf&SdtajctaewGif toif;t

aejzifh 'DZ,fqDvkdtyfcsuf\ 20 &mckdif

EIef;cefYom&&Sdaeao;aMumif;? 'DZ,fqD

ykdrkd0,f,l&&SdEkdif&eftwGuf 'DZ,fqDjzefY

jzL;a&mif;csolrsm;ESifh wkdifyifn§dEIdif;

aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd&m arG;jrLa&;ESifh a&

vkyfief;0efBuD;Xme\tpDtpOfjzifh Zlvkdif

vaemufqHk;ywfrSpí 'DZ,fqDvkdtyf

csuf\ 50 &mckdifEIef;txd wkd;jr§ifh&&Sdvm

rnfhtaetxm;rsm;&SdaMumif; toif;

Ouú|u qufvufajymMum;onf/

jrefrmhyifv,fjyifokdY ig;zrf;puf

avStm;vHk;eD;yg; jyefvnfxGuf&Sdrnfqkd

ygu yifv,fig;zrf;pufavS tpif; 400

twGuf wpfvvQif 'DZ,fqD*gvef 10

odef;cefY&&Sd&ef vkdtyfaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiH

yifv,fig;zrf;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;Ouú|

OD;armifarmifpkd;u Living Color okdY

ajym Mum;onf/

yifv,fig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm;wGif

t"duMuHKawGU&onfhtcuftcJrSm 'DZ,f

qDvkdtyfcsufyifjzpfaMumif;? vuf&Sd

tajctaewGif 'DZ,fqDaps;EIef;jrifh

wufvmaeNyD; toif;taejzifh ig;zrf;

pufavSrsm;twGuf txl;vkdtyfae

onfh 'DZ,fqDvkdtyfcsufukd twkdif;t

wmwpfcktxd vHkavmufpGm&&SdEkdifa&;

twGuf enf;vrf;rsKd;pHkjzifh BudK;yrf;

aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif; ¤if;u &Sif;jy

onf/

ig;zrf;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;\ tqkd

t& vuf&SdNrdwfNrdKUwGif 'DZ,fqD wpfyD

ygvQif usyfokH;odef;ESpfaomif;jzpfNyD;

aumhaomif;ü wpfyDygvQif usyfokH;

odef;wpfaomif;aps;jzifh 0,f,lae&

aMumif;? &efukefNrdKU\ jyify'DZ,fqD

aps;rSm wpfyDygvQif okH;odef;wpf

aomif;ig;axmifrS okH;odef;wpfaomif;

&Spfaxmiftxd ay;0,f,l&aMumif;?

,cifu arG;jrLa&;ESifha&vkyfief;0efBuD;

Xme\pDpOfay;rIjzifh 'DZ,fqD wpfyDyg

vQif okH;odef;&Spfaxmifaps;jzifh 0,f,l&

&Sdae&mrS ,cktcsdefwGif okH;odef;wpf

aomif;0ef;usifjzpfoGm;aMumif;? jyifyü

'DZ,fqDaps;rsm; jrifhwufaeonfESifh

trQ 'DZ,fqD0,f,l&&SdEkdif&ef tcuftcJ

jzifh&ifqkdifae&aMumif;? 'DZ,fqDaps;

EIef;jrifhwufrIaMumifh ig;zrf;pufavS

rsm;\ ukefxkwfp&dwfrsm;rSm 30 &mckdif

EIef;txd jrifhwufoGm;aMumif; ¤if;u

qkdonf/

pGrf;tif0efBuD;Xmetaejzif h

'DZ,fqDrsm;ukd EkdifiHjcm;aiGjzifh a&mif;cs

ay;ae&mrS ,cktcg aeYpOf EkdifiHwum

aygufaps;rsm;ukd vkdufí EIef;&SifarQmjzifh

ajymif;vJa&mif;csay;vsuf&SdaeNyDjzpf

(The Voice Weekly Vol.4/ No.36

owif;azmfjyNyD;) onf/

MuLMuLoif; (rkd;ajr)MuLMuLoif; (rkd;ajr)

MuLMuLoif; (rkd;ajr)MuLMuLoif; (rkd;ajr)MuLMuLoif; (rkd;ajr)

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


&efukefqkdif;tzJGYrsm;rEåav;aps;uGufcsJY



,ckESpf tvSLawmfr*FvmyJGawmf

&moDrSpum &efukefNrdKUawmfrS jrefrmh½kd;

&mqkdif;ynm&SiftcsKdUonf ,Ofaus;rI

tEkynmxGef;um;&m rEÅav;NrdKUawmf

okdYvma&mufí aps;uGufcsJUxGifazsmfajz

vmMuaMumif; rEÅav;NrdKUcHqkdif;ynm

&Sifrsm;tokdif;t0kdif;xHrS od&onf/

&efukefqkdif;avmurS zkd;oBuFef

ESifh jrefrmjynfausmufpdrf;wkdYrSm rEÅav;

NrdKUü tajcpkdufum tvSLyJG? {nfhcHyJGrsm;

wGif {nfhcHazsmfajzoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;?

¤if;wkdYteuf jrefrmjynfausmufpdrf;

tzGJUwGif rEÅav;rS vl&Tifawmf bdoduf

ukdarmf xlaxmifonfh qkdif;tzJGUu n

aMu;jzifh yg0ifazsmfajzrnfjzpfaMumif;?

naMu;ay;&mwGif NrdKUay: usyfwpfodef;

cJGESifh e,f usyfESpfodef; owfrSwfxm;

aMumif; qkdifynm&Sifrsm;ESifh qufpyfae

aom tEkynm&Sif OD;xGef;ykdu qkdonf/

,ckESpfwGif &efukefrS qkdif;avmu

om;tcsKdU rEÅav;okdY vma&mufNyD;

tajcpkdufazsmfajz&m rEÅav;ESifh txuf

jrefrmEkdifiHü yJGcGifrsm;jym;jcif;onfwpf

aMumif;tygt0ifjzpfNyD; &efukefqkdif;t

zJGUrsm;\aps;uGufwnfrSD&m jrpf0uRef;

ay:a'orSm em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;

'PfcHcJh&jcif;onfvnf;wpfaMumif; yg

0ifzG,f&SdaMumif; rEÅav;NrdKUqkdif;avmu

om;wpfOD;u okH;oyfajymMum;onf/

rEÅav;NrdKUawmfwGif qkdif;tzJGU 40

ausmf&SdNyD; yJG&moD ZGef? Zlvkdifvrsm;ü

yJGcsD 90 eD;yg; {nfhcH&aMumif;? qkdif;tzJGU

rsm;\ emrnfxif&Sm;ausmfaZmrItay:

rlwnfum qkdifiSm;&rf;crsm;rSm usyf

av;odef;rS ig;odef;txd&SdaMumif; qkdif;

tzGJUrsm;xHrS pkHprf;od&Sd&onf/

Mdy.News

jrefrm Wiki wGifa&;om;&ef tcuftcJ&Sdolrsm;twGuf Solveware Solution ulnDay;rnf



Online pG,fpkHusrf; jrefrm Wiki Website jzpfonfh www.my.wiki.org wGif

yg0ifa&;om;vkdaomfvnf; ydawmuf Font uJhokdY jrefrm Font rsm;jzifha&;om;&ef

tcuftcJ&Sdolrsm;twGuf Solveware Solution u ulnDay;rnfjzpfaMumif; ,if;

ukrÜPDrS CEO OD;aiGxGef;u ajymMum;onf/

tqkdyg Website wGif jrefrmvkda&;om;&eftcuftcJ&Sdolrsm;rSm ¤if;wkdY\

vufa&;pmrlrsm;ukd Solveware Solution okdY ay;ykdYEkdifaMumif;? tqkdygpmrlrsm;ukd

tqkdygukrÜPDrSa&;om;í ,if; Website odkY wifay;rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;xHrS od&onf/

jrefrm Wiki ukd 2008 ckESpf ESpfqef;ykdif;rS pwifaqmif&GufcJhNyD; tifwm

euftokH;jyKolrsm;rS 0ifa&mufa&;om;&efzdwfac:xm;aMumif;? jrefrm Wiki wGif

a&;om;&mü jrefrm,leDukwf Font rsm;jzpfonfh ydawmuf? yk&ykd'f? jrefrm 3 wdkY

jzifha&;om;EkdifaMumif;? okdY&mwGif Font tcuftcJ&Sdolrsm;? pm½kduf&eftcuftcJ&Sd

olrsm; yg0ifa&;om;vkdygu ,if;ukrÜPDokdY pmwkduf? E-mail wdkYjzifhjzpfap? vl

ukd,fwkdifvma&mufay;ykdYíjzpfap pmrlrsm;ay;ykdYygu ¤if;wkdYukrÜPDu ,if;pmrlrsm;

ukd tifwmeufay:wGif a&;om;azmfjyay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

a&;om;vkdolrsm;taejzifh Online pG,fpkHusrf;jzpfonfhtwGuf 0w¬K? uAsmrsm;

uJhokdYa&;om;ír&bJ taMumif;t&mwpfckukd tcsuftvuftjynfhtpkHjzifh a&;om;&ef

vkdtyfaMumif;? jrefrm Wiki wGif tcsuftvufaygif; 215 ck&SdNyDjzpfaomfvnf; tdrfeD;

csif;EkdifiHrsm;vTifhwifxm;onfh Wiki rsm;ESifhEIdif;,SOfvQif tcsuftvufrsm; vGefpGm

enf;yg;aeao;NyD; yg0ifa&;om;&ef vkdtyfvsuf&SdaMumif;? jrefrmWiki ESifh oufqkdif

onfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh pmrlrsm;ay;ykdYvkdygu Solveware Solution? tcef; (2)?

wkduf (4)? Myanmar Info-Tech? vIdifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-652291? E-mail-

info@ solvewaresolution. net okdY qufoG,fEdkifaMumif; ,if;ukrÜPDrSod&Sd&onf/

30A

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


30 B

em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;'Pf

tqkd;&Gm;qHk;cHpm;cJh&aom {&m0wDjrpf0

uRef;ay:a'orsm;&Sd rkefwkdif;oifhjynfol

rsm;\ pm;aomufrIyHkpHrSm ododomom

ajymif;vJoGm;cJhaMumif; pma&;q&mr

*sL;u Zlvdkifv 26 &ufaeYwGif ajym

Mum;oGm;onf/

[Nargis Action Group (Myan-

mar)] \yHhydk;rIjzifh (&efukefNrdKU taemuf

BudKUukef;&Sd) jrefrmEkdifiH ig;vkyfief;tzGJU

csKyfcef;rü xkdaeYrGef;vGJydkif;u usif;y

aom ]em*pfESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif}

acgif;pOfjzifh a[majymaqG;aEG;yGJwGif

pma&;q&mr*sL;u txufygtwdkif;

xnfhoGif;ajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

obm0oD;yifpm;yifrsm;ESifh pdkuf

ysdK;oD;ESH[if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm; vdIifvdIif

aygrsm;cJhaom tqdkyga'owGif em*pf

qdkifuvkef;rkefwkdif;jzwfausmfwkdufcwf

rkefwdkif;oifUa'ocHrsm; pm;aomufrIyHkpHajymif;&efukef ? Zlvdkif 27&efukef ? Zlvdkif 27

&efukef ? Zlvdkif 27&efukef ? Zlvdkif 27&efukef ? Zlvdkif 27

NyD;aemufydkif; yifv,fqm;iefa&zHk;vTrf;

cJhaomaMumifh tyifrsm;aoausysufpD;

cJhNyD; tcsdefwdktwGif; jyefvnfpdkufysdK;&ef

rvG,fulawmhojzifh rkefwkdif;oifha'ocH

jynfolrsm;omru u,fq,fa&; oGm;

a&mufaeolrsm;yif tqdkyg[if;oD;[if;

&Gufrsm;udk rpm;oHk;jzpfMuawmhonfrSm

vESifhcsDí MumjrifhaeNyDjzpfaMumif;? rkef

wkdif;wkdufcwfNyD;pumv u,fq,fa&;

tzGJUrsm;ra&muf&SdrDESifh u,fq,fa&;

tzGJUrsm;ra&muf&SdEkdifaom a'orsm;wGif

¤if;wdkYrSm touf&Sifoef&ef uPef;ESifh

tkef;oD;udkyif oHk;ywfcefY tm[m&jyKpm;

aomufcJh&onfh om"ursm;&SdaMumif;?

,if;uJhokdY [if;oD;[if;&Gufvwfvwf

qwfqwfudk rpm;oHk;&JbJ pm;aomuf

rIyHkpHajymif;vJvmojzifh EdkYwdkufrdcifrsm;

rSm EdkYxGufEIef;enf;vmEkdifNyD; ig;ESpf

atmufuav;i,frsm;rSmvnf; tm[m&

csdKUwJhvmEkdifaMumif; q&m0efwpfOD;vnf;

jzpfol olru axmufjyajymMum;oGm;

onf/

]]a'ocHawGrajymygeJU/ u,fq,f

a&;oGm;cJhMuwJh uRefrtzGJUawGawmif

[if;oD;[if;&Gufudk rjrifcJh&bl;/ NrdKU

wuf0,fzdkYuvnf; tvSrf;a0;wJh&GmawG

taeeJU rvG,fbl;av/ NrdKUay:rSmawmh

&efukefeJY tquftoG,frjywfvdkY [if;oD;

[if;&Gufpm;&ao;w,f}} [k olru qdk

onf/

omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef; wpfESpftpmp&dwf 144 odef; vkdtyf&efukef? Zlvkdif 25&efukef? Zlvkdif 25


urÇmhtBuD;qHk;rsKd;pdwfpm&if;0if a&iefrdausmif; (irkd;&dyf)

rsm;ukd arG;jrLxm;&Sdonfh omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef;rS

vuf&Sdrdausmif;aumifa& 731 aumiftwGuf wpfESpfvQif

tpmp&dwf usyf 144 odef;cefY oHk;pGJ&efvkdtyfaMumif; ,if;

pcef;rS vufaxmufñTefMum;a&;rSL; OD;tefMunfu ajymMum;

onf/

,if;rdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef;ü 2008 ckESpf arvrwkdif

ciftxd tpmvSL'gef;olrsm;onf wpfvvQif wpfOD;rS ESpfOD;

txdom vma&mufavh&SdNyD; em*pfrkefwkdif;wkdufcwfNyD;aemuf

ykdif;rSpí wpfywfvQif ESpfOD;cefY yHkrSefvma&mufaMumif; tqkd

ygyk*¾dKvfu qufvufajymMum;onf/

vSL'gef;onfhtpmrsm;onf rdausmif;rsm;pm;oHk;&ef oifh?

roifhukdom ppfaq;jcif;&SdNyD; tjcm;uefYowfcsufrsm;r&Sd

aMumif;? vma&mufvSL'gef;olrsm;taejzifh apwem&Sdoa&GU

vSL'gef;EkdifMuaMumif;ESifh em*pfrkefwkdif;wkdufcwfrINyD;onfh

aemufykdif;rSpí rdausmif;tpmvSL'gef;ol yHkrSef&Sdaejcif;aMumifh

rdausmif;aumifa&trsm;qHk;jzpfonfh obm0ueftwGuf tpm

zlvHkrI&SdaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

tqkdygarG;jrLa&;pcef;&Sdrdausmif;rsm;ukd t½kd;oefrmap

onfh u,fvfpD,rf<u,f0aom ig;? ykpGef ponfh a&iefig;rsKd;

pHkukdomauR;arG;avh&SdaMumif;? wpfywfvQifoHk;BudrfcefY tpm

auR;avh&SdNyD; wpfBudrfauR;&ef a&iefig;rsKd;pHk ydómcsdef 300

cefYvkdtyfaMumif;ESifh wpfvvQif tpmp&dwf usyf 11 odef;cefY

ukefusaMumif; tqkdygyk*¾dKvfxHrS od&onf/

omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef;wGif;&Sd rdausmif;rsm;

ukd uef-1? uef-2? uef-3? obm0uefESifh aomufa&uef

[lí cGJjcm;arG;jrLxm;NyD; obm0ueftwGif;wGif ckepfayESifh

txufrdausmif;rsm; aumifa&ykdrsm;aMumif;ESifh tqkdyguef

onf uefrsm;tm;vHk;teuf rdausmif;aumifa&trsm;qHk;&Sd

onfhuefjzpfonf[k ,if;pcef;rSod&Sd&onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


30C

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;NrdKU&Sd ukef

pdrf;? tom;ig;? pm;aomufukef? ukef

ajcmufukefpHkqkdifrsm; wpfpkwpfpnf;

a&mif;cs&maps;opfBuD;jzpfonfh tm[m&

okcaps;opfwGif aps;qkdifzGifhvSpfolrsm;

ukd qkdifcef;wefzkd;xuf0uf aiGxkwfacs;

ay;aeaMumif; qkdifcef;zGifhvSpfa&mif;cs

ola'ocHwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

,if;okdYxkwfacs;&mwGif wpfESpf

vQif 17 usyf twkd;EIef;jzifh aiGusyf

ajcmufodef; wefzkd;&Sd qkdifcef;wpfcef;

twGuf usyfoHk;odef;? usyfodef; 90

wefzkd;&Sd qkdifcef;wpfcef;twGuf usyf

45 odef;ukd aejynfawmf pnfyifom,m

a&;aumfrwDu aiGxkwfacs;ay;jcif;

jzpfaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

tm[m&okcaps;opfwGif aps;qkdif

cef;ESihf yGJ½Hkwkdufcef; qkdifcef;rsm;ukd xyfrH

wkd;csJUaqmufvkyfaeNyD; aqmufvkyfqJ

qkdifcef;rsm;ukd aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;NrdKU

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem; tm[m&okcaps;qkdifcef;rsm; aiGxuf0ufxkwfacs;aejynfawmf? Zlvkdif 31aejynfawmf? Zlvkdif 31

aejynfawmf? Zlvkdif 31aejynfawmf? Zlvkdif 31aejynfawmf? Zlvkdif 31

trSwf (1) aps;BuD;&Sd ukefpdrf;? tom;

ig;? pm;aomufukef? ukefajcmufukefpHk

ypönf;rsm;a&mif;csonfh aps;a&mif;csol

rsm;rS qkdifcef;r0,f&ao;ol usef&Sdonfh

aps;a&mif;csolrsm;twGuf a&mif;csay;

rnfjzpfaMumif; tqkdygaumfrwDrS pkHprf;

od&Sd&onf/

qkdifcef;wpfcef;vQif usyfajcmuf

odef;wefzkd;&Sd qkdifcef;aygif; 840 cef;

ESifh usyfodef; 90 wefzkd;&Sd yGJ½Hkwkdufcef;

qkdifcef;aygif; 60 yg&Sdonfh tqkdyg

tm[m&okcaps;opfukd aejynfawmf

ysOf;rem;NrdKUwGif arvtwGif; zGifhvSpf

cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

rif;okcdkifrif;okcdkif

rif;okcdkifrif;okcdkifrif;okcdkif

tdEd,-jrefrmukefoG,fa&;wGif 0ufom;wifykdYjcif;ukd

jyefvnfcGifhjyKay;cJhNyD;aemuf jrefrmEkdifiHrS 0ufom;wifykdYrI

vpOfwkd;jrifhvmaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiH arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;tzJGUcsKyf

\nDaemiftoif;jzpfaom 0ufarG;jrLolrsm;ESifhxkwfvkyf

a&mif;csolrsm;toif;\ajymMum;csuft& od&onf/

]]tdEd,ukd 0uft&SifwifykdYcGifh&NyD; aemufykdif; Zefe0g&D

vrSm uDvkdESpfaxmifausmf? azazmf0g&DrSm uDvkdoHk;axmif

ausmf? rwfvrSm uDvkdav;axmifausmf pojzifh wifykdY&wJh

yrmP wjznf;jznf; wkd;vmygw,f/ {NyDvuae Zlvkdifv

v,ftxdqkd&if uDvkdaygif; ajcmufaomif;ausmf? wefzkd;tae

eJY usyfoef; 90 eD;yg;zkd; wifykdYEkdifcJhwm&Sdygw,f}} [k toif;

0if 0ufukefonfwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

tqkdygtajctaeaMumifh 0ufarG;jrLolrsm;ESifh xkwfvkyf

a&mif;csolrsm;toif;onf jrefrmEkdifiH arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;

tdEd,okdh 0uft&SifwifykdhcGifU&NyD;aemufykdif; wifykdhyrmP vpOfwkd;&efukef? Zlvkdif 23&efukef? Zlvkdif 23


tzGJUcsKyf\OD;aqmifrIjzifh arG;jrLa&;ESifhukoa&;OD;pD;Xme\

tultnD&,lum xkdif;EkdifiHrS rsKd;tqifh0ufrsKd;pyfukd wmcsD

vdwfe,fpyfrSwifoGif;cJhaMumif;? tqkdyg0ufrsKd;rSm tom;rsm;

aom0ufrsKd;jzpfaMumif;ESifh 2009 ckESpftwGif; 0ufarG;jrLol

rsm;xH jzefYa0ay;oGm;&ef&SdaMumif; toif;rSod&onf/ tdEd,

EkdifiHonf ,if;EkdifiHtwGif;okdY 0ufwifoGif;jcif;ukd 2007 ckESpf

Mo*kwfvwGif&yfqkdif;cJh&mrS 2007 ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif jyef

vnfcGifhjyKay;cJhaMumif;? ,if;udpörsm;ukd rEÅav;NrdKUawmfwGif

½Hk;pkdufxm;onfh tdE´d,aumifppf0efcsKyf MYP Singh ESifh

wrl;-uav;-uav;0e,fpyfukefonfBuD;rsm; aqG;aEG;cJhMu

jcif;jzpfaMumif;ESifh 2007-2008 b@mESpftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiH

\ 0ufom;xkwfvkyfrIrSm ydómcsdef odef;aygif; 1700 &SdcJhNyD;

vpOfysrf;rQydómcsdef oHk;odef;eD;yg;&SdaMumif; toif;rS pHkprf;

od&Sd&onf/

pk dif;atmifpk dif;atmif

pk dif;atmifpk dif;atmifpk dif;atmif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


30 D

em*pfrkefwkdif; tmrcHavsmfaMu;cefhrSef;onfxuffykdenf;

&efukef? Bo*kwf 1&efukef? Bo*kwf 1

&efukef? Bo*kwf 1&efukef? Bo*kwf 1&efukef? Bo*kwf 1

em*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh qkH;½IH;epfemrIrsm;twGuf jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;u ay;

avsmf&rnfh avsmfaMu;aiGyrmPonf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd tmrcHrxm;Mujcif;?

tmrcHxm;jcif;\tusdK;ukd ,kHMunfrIenf;jcif;? uHukdom,kHMunfMujcif;wkdYaMumifh

cefYrSef;xm;onfxuf ykdíavsmhenf;cJhaMumif; jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief; taxGaxGref

ae*sm a'gufwmarmifarmifodrf;u ajymMum;onf/

jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;onf {&m0wDwkdif;twGif; zsmykH? [oFmw? ykodrf paom

NrdKUrsm;wGif tmrcHXmecGJrsm; zGifhvSpfxm;NyD; rkefwkdif;rjzpfcif ,cifuwnf;u tmrcH

xm;&ef vlxkukd tjrJwrf;pnf;½Hk;cJhaMumif;? pnf;½Hk;wkdif;r&bJ vltenf;pkom

tmrcHxm;í tmrcHoabmw&m;ukd vlxktwGif;xkd;azmuf&efcufcJaMumif; ¤if;u

qufvufajymMum;onf/

{&m0wDwkdif;twGif; rD;tmrcHtrsm;qkH;xm;MuNyD; qefpuf 20 ausmfrSm puf

ypönf;tmrcHxm;aMumif;? vyGwåmNrdKUe,frS qm;uefrsm;yif tmrcHxm;jcif;r&Sd

aMumif; ¤if;u xyfrHajymMum;onf/

rD;tmrcHESifh tjcm;aomobm0ab;tEÅ&m,ftmrcHwkdYudk oD;jcm;pDxm;&

aMumif; ¤if;\tqdkt& od&onf/



rGefjynfe,frS a&mfbmrEåav;rSwpfqifU

w½kwfokdhykdh&efukef? Zlvkdif 23&efukef? Zlvkdif 23


rGefjynfe,frS a&mfbmrsm;ukd

rEÅav;ESifh rlq,f 105 rkdif e,fpyfukef

oG,fa&;pcef;wkdYrSwpfqifh w½kwfjynf

olYor®wEkdifiHokdY wifykdYvsuf&SdaMumif;

rGefjynfe,f a&mfbmvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;

\toif;0ifwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

,if;uJhokdYwifykdY&mü rGefjynfe,f

twGif; a&mfbmap;xkwfcsdefr[kwf

ojzifh vkyfief;&SifwkdY\vufwGif&Sdaom

a&mfbmvufusefrsm;ukd wifykdYaejcif;

jzpfaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

]]rEÅav;ukd armfawmf,mOfawGeJY

wifykdYygw,f/ t&ifu wpf&ufukd

ajcmufpD;? ckepfpD;avmufykdYEkdifcJhayr,fh

tckcsdefrSmawmh wpf&ufukd ESpfpD;avmuf

yJ wifykdYEkdifygawmhw,f/ vufusefa&mf

bmawGukd ukefoavmufwifykdYoGm;rSm

yg}} [k ¤if;u qufvufajymMum;onf/

w½kwfaps;uGufokdY jynfwGif;a&mfbm

tqifhrsm;jzpfonfh RSS ? RSS3 ?

RSS5 pufrsm;ukd wifykdYvsuf&SdNyD;

RSS3 ESifh RSS

5 ukd ykdí0,f,lMuaMumif;

od&onf/

]]RSS3 u wpfaygifukd 1300 usyf?

RSS5 u wpfaygifukd 1200 usyftxd

aps;aygufygw,f}}[k txufygtoif;

0ifu qkdonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHrS a&mfbmrsm;

ukd w½kwfESifh xkdif;EkdifiHwkdYu trsm;qkH;

0,f,lvsuf&SdNyD; ,ckuJhokdY rGefjynfe,f

rSa&mfbmrsm;ukd rEÅav;rSwpfqifh

w½kwfokdYwifykdY&jcif;rSm aps;uGufvkd

vm;csuf&Sdaejcif;ESifh aps;toifhtwifh&

aejcif;wkdYaMumifhjzpfaMumif; ,if;toif;

rS pkHprf;od&Sd&onf/



rEåav;awmifbdk;bGm;&dyfom bdk;bGm; 100 wdk;ívufcHrnfrEÅav;? Mo*kwf 8rEÅav;? Mo*kwf 8

rEÅav;? Mo*kwf 8rEÅav;? Mo*kwf 8rEÅav;? Mo*kwf 8

rEÅav;awmifajcwGif ESpfaygif; 30 ausmfoufwrf;&Sdaom rEÅav;awmif

bdk;bGm;&dyfomü bdk;bGm;OD;a& 100 txd wdk;ívufcHoGm;&ef pDpOfvsuf&Sdonf[k

bdk;bGm;&dyfomtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;u ajymMum;onf/

bdk;bGm;rsm;vufcH&ef taqmufttHk tqifoifh&SdaMumif;? ,ckavmavm

q,fwGif tbGm;aqmifudk wdk;csJUwnfaqmufaeonfhtjyif taqmufttHkopfrsm;

xyfrHwnfaqmuf&ef ajrae&mrsm;vnf; tvHktavmufusef&Sdaeao;aMumif; bdk;

bGm;&dyfom\pnf;rsOf;t& touf 70 ausmf cdkudk;&mrJhESihf tusifhpm&dwåaumif;rGefí

udk,fwkdifusifBuD;usifi,fpGefYEdkifolrsm;udk vufcHaMumif;? bdk;bGm;&dyfomodkY vm

a&mufvSL'gef;onfh aiGodef;aygif; 800 ausmf pkaqmif;xm;NyD; &&Sdaom twdk;aiGrsm;

jzifh bdk;bGm;rsm;ukd ulnDapmifha&Smufaeonf[k ¤if;u xyfavmif;ajymMum;onf/

rEÅav;awmifajcbdk;bGm;&dyfomudk 1975 ckESpfwGifzGifhvSpfcJhNyD; tom;pm;

a&SmifMuOfa&; OD;ausmfvSu aiGESpfaomif;rwnfí bdk;bGm; 35 OD;ESifh pwifzGifh

vSpfcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; ,cktcg &dyfomü vufcHapmifha&Smufxm;aom tbdk; 17

OD;ESifh tbGm; 45 OD;txd&SdaMumif; ,if;&dyfomrS pHkprf;od&onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


30E

jrefrmEkdifiHüCapacity Building

OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufoifU

ygarmuygarmu

ygarmuygarmuygarmu

©a'gufwmatmifxGef f;ouf©a'gufwmatmifxGef f;ouf

©a'gufwmatmifxGef f;ouf©a'gufwmatmifxGef f;ouf©a'gufwmatmifxGef f;ouf

&efukef? Mo*kwf2&efukef? Mo*kwf2

&efukef? Mo*kwf2&efukef? Mo*kwf2&efukef? Mo*kwf2

jrefrmEkdifiHüvli,frsm;\Capacity

Building ukd OD;pm;ay;aqmif&GufoifhNyD

jzpfaMumif; pDrHcefYcGJrIynm&Sif ygarmu©

a'gufwmatmifxGef;oufu Mo*kwfv

2 &ufaeYwGif ajymMum;oGm;onf/

urÇmhpD;yGm;a&;*sme,f ESpfywf

vnftxdrf;trSwf &efukefNrdKU vIdifNrdKUe,f

Myanmar Info-Tech cef;rü ]Individual

Capacity Development } acgif;pOfjzifh

usif;yaom a[majymaqG;aEG;yGJwGif

¤if;u txufygtwkdif; wkdufwGef;

ajymMum;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]]jrefrm

EkdifiHrSmu Capacity odyfr&Sdawmhbl;/

&SdwJh Capacity awGuvnf; tm;enf;ae

NyD/ vkyfcsifwmukdvkyfvkdYr&wm tJ'D Ca-

pacity awGaMumifhyJ}} [k ¤if;uqkdonf/

EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH\wkd;wufrIukd jrif

awGUEkdifaom Physical Capacity wkd;

wufrIESifhwkdif;wm½Hkjzifh rvkHavmufbJ

rjrifawGUEkdifaom Soft Capacity yg wkd;

wuf&efvdkaMumif;? Capacity jr§ifhwif

&mü ,cifodxm;wwfxm;NyD; tawG;

tac:ESifh todynma[mif;rsm;ukd z,f

xkwf(Unlearn) jyKvkyfypf&efvkdaMumif;?

xkdodkYjr§ifhwif&mü pOf;pm;awG;ac:rI?

ajymqkdrIESifhaqmif&GufrI okH;ckpvkH; Her-

mony (tnDtrQ) r&Sdyguvnf; Capa-

city wkd;wufrnfr[kwfaMumif;? wpfOD;

csif;\ Capacity wkd;wufrSom ,if;vkyf

ief;a&&Snf&yfwnfEkdifrnfjzpfaMumif;

¤if;u ajymMum;onf/

em*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifU touftmrcHavsmfaMu;ay;&jcif;r&Sd

&efukef Mo*kwf 1&efukef Mo*kwf 1

&efukef Mo*kwf 1&efukef Mo*kwf 1&efukef Mo*kwf 1

em*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;uay;avsmf&rnfh avsmfaMu;aiG usyf

ig;bDvD,HcefYwGif touftmrcHavsmfaMu;wpfckrSrygaMumif; jrefrmhtmrcHvkyfief;

taxGaxGrefae*sm a'gufwmarmifarmifodrf;u ajymMum;onf/

jrefrmEkdifiHü touftmrcHxm;jcif;\tusdK;ukdrodbJ toufaygifESHjcif;[k

tjriftpGJrSm;rIaMumifh touftmrcHxm;olenf;aMumif;? em*pfrkefwkdif;tNyD; ra&S;

raESmif;jzpfyGm;cJhaom w½kwfEkdifiH pDcRefjynfe,fivsifaMumifh ay;avsmf&aom tmrcH

avsmfaMu;aiG 337 oef;wGif touftmrcHukrÜPDrsm;onf touftmrcHavsmf

aMu;tjzpf a':vm oef; 140 ay;avsmfcJh&aMumif; ¤if;u qufvufajymMum;

onf/

jrefrmEkdifiH&SdtmrcHtrsdK;tpm;aygif; 46 rsdK;wGif rD;ESifh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f

wkdYukdom tmrcHtrsm;qkH;xm;&SdNyD; touftmrcHxm;jcif;r&Sdoavmufenf;um

qkH;yg;oGm;aom touftmrcHxm;ol0efxrf;tcsdKUrSm aiGusyf ig;axmif? wpfaomif;

txdom tmrcHxm;cJhMuaMumif; ¤if;u xyfrHajymMum;onf/

touftmrcHxm;&Sdjcif;jzifh 0ifaiG&SmazGoltdrfaxmifpk0if ½kwfw&uf qkH;yg;

ygu touftmrcHavsmfaMu;aiG &ojzifh usef&pfolrsm;onf aiGaMu;tm;jzifh

tm;ukd;&mrrJhEkdifawmhay/



aejynfawmf ysOf;rem; "mwfyHk? AD'D,kd½kduful;a&;vkyfief; wkd;yGm;

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Mo*kwf 1aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Mo*kwf 1

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Mo*kwf 1aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Mo*kwf 1aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;? Mo*kwf 1

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;NrdKU tvSL? r*Fvmaqmiftcrf;tem;wGif rSwfwrf;

"mwfyHk? AD'D,kdk½kduful;a&;vkyfief;rsm; wpfpwpfp a&yef;pm;vm&m ,cktcg rSwfwrf;

"mwfyHk AD'D,kd½kduful;a&;vkyfief; ajcmufck&SdvmNyDjzpfaMumif; aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;

NrdKU bJav;AD'D,kd½kduful;a&;rS OD;0if;azu ajymMum;onf/

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;NrdKUwGif tvSL? r*Fvm{nfhcHyGJtcrf;tem;rsm;twGuf

rSwfwrf;"mwfyHk? AD'D,kd½kduful;a&;vkyfief;ukd 1990 jynfhESpfcefYrSpwifvkyfukdifcJh

MuNyD; xkdpOfu bJav;AD'D,kd½kduful;a&;tzGJUwpfckom&SdcJhaMumif;? ,cktcg aejynf

awmf ysOf;rem;NrdKUwGif rSwfwrf;"mwfyHkAD'D,kd½kduful;a&;tzGJUta&twGufrSm rsm;jym;

vmNyD; ,if;vkyfief;vkyfukdifolrsm;taejzifh aejynfawmfwpf0kduf&Sd ½Icif;? taqmuf

ttHk? vrf;rsm;\ tvStyykHrsm;ukd a'owGif; tvSLyGJ? r*FvmaqmifyGJ tcrf;

tem;yGJrsm;twGuf AD'D,kdrSwfwrf;"mwfyHk CD csyfrsm;wGif a&SUrsufESmpm tvSwpf

rsufESm"mwfyHkrsm;tjzpf toHk;jyKvmMuaMumif; ¤if;u ajymMum;onf/

rif;okck difrif;okck dif

rif;okck difrif;okck difrif;okck dif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


30 F

rEÅav;NrdKUay:xGuf trIdufo½kduf

rsm;udk wpf&ufvQif 10 wef yrmP

xyfrHwkd;csJUí odrf;qnf;rnf[k Zlvdkif

v 21 &ufaeYwGif rEÅav;NrdKUawmfpnf

yifom,ma&;aumfrwD (MCDC) oefY

&Sif;a&;XmerS pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

rEÅav;pnfyifom,ma&;e,fed

rdwftwGif; ig;NrdKUe,fjzpfonfh csrf;at;

rEåav;qkdifu,faps;uGufoGufrEÅav;? Zlvkdif 10rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 10


pufbD;ESifh armfawmfqkdifu,f

tokH;jyKrItrsm;qkH;NrdKUBuD;jzpfonfh

rEÅav;NrdKUwGif wifoGif;armfawmfqkdif

u,frsm;ukd oufqkdif&mu w&m;0if

vkdifpifxkwfay;aejcif;aMumifh a'o

wGif;qkdifu,fta&mif;t0,faps;uGuf

rSm ,cifuxuf oGufvufvmaMumif;

csrf;at;ompHjrdKUe,fwGif qkdifu,f

ta&mif;qkdifzGifhxm;ol OD;oef;aqGu

ajymMum;onf/

rEÅav;NrdKUwGif Zlvkdifv 1 &uf

aeYrSpí av;vMumtxd qkdifu,f

opfvkdifpifxkwfay;rnfjzpfaMumif;?

w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiHxkwf qkdif

u,frsm;twGuf vkdifpifaMu; 160ç000

usyf? xkdif;Ed kifiHxkwfqkdifu,frsm;

twGuf vkdifpifaMu; 240ç000 usyf? *syef

EkdifiHxkwfqkdifu,frsm;twGuf vkdifpif

aMu; 450ç000 usyf ay;oGif;&rnfjzpf

NyD; qkdifu,ftopfrsm;twGuf qDpm

tkyf&&Sdrnfr[kwfaomfvnf; a'ocH

rsm;rSm w&m;0ifykdifqkdiftokH;jyKcGifh&&Sd

rnfjzpfí txl;pdwf0ifpm;MuaMumif;?

qkdifu,faps;uGufjyefvnfoGufvuf

vmojzifh rdrdwkdYtaejzifhvnf; oifh

wifhaomtusKd;tjrwfrsm; jrifawGUcHpm;

&aMumif; qkdifu,faps;uGuftwGif;&Sd

0,fa&mif;rsm;u qkdonf/ okdYaomf

oufqkdif&mu qkdifu,fvkdifpifta&

twGuf uefYowfvkdufvQifrl aps;uGuf

oGufvufrIrSm ,m,DomjzpfEkdifaMumif;

rEÅav;ukefpnf'kdifrS ukefonfBuD;wpf

OD;u rSwfcsufjyKonf/

rEÅav;NrdKUü qkdifu,fvkdifpif

xkwfay;rIaMumifh ,cifu a&mif;aps;

usyf 23 odef;0ef;usif&Sdaom xkdif;EkdifiH

xkwfarmf',fjrifhqkdifu,frsm;rSm ,ck

tcg usyf 21 odef;0ef;usiftxd aps;

usoGm;aomfvnf; ta&mif;t0,fjzpfrI

rSm ,cifuxuf 200 &mckdifEIef; ykdrkd

wkd;yGm;vmaMumif;? w½kwfqkdifu,frsm;

ukdpdwf0ifpm;olenf;yg;aeaMumif; rEÅav;

qkdifu,faps;uGufuRrf;usifolrsm;\

tqkdt& od&onf/

rEåav;wGif trIdufrsm;udk wpf&ufvQif 10 wef wkd;íodrf;qnf;rnfrEÅav;? Zlvkdif 22rEÅav;? Zlvkdif 22


ompH? r[matmifajr? csrf;jrompnf?

jynfBuD;wHcGef? atmifajrompHNrdKUe,f

wdkYwGif xGuf&Sdaom pGefYypftrIdufrsm;udk

aeY? n0efxrf; 1000 cefYESifh trIduf

o,f,mOfig;pD;jzifh NrdKUawmfpnfyifom

,mvSyap&efaqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif;

,if;XmerSwm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u Living

Color odkY ajymMum;onf/

rEÅav;pnfyifom,ma&;e,f

edrdwfig;NrdKUe,frS wpfvvQif trIduf

325 wefcefY odrf;qnf;&Sif;vif;vsuf&Sd

aMumif;? csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,frSm pGefYypf

trIdufxGuf&SdrI trsm;qHk;jzpfNyD; wpfv

vQif wef 60 cefYxGuf&SdaMumif; ¤if;u

qdkonf/

Living Color ? ?

? ? ? Mdy. News

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


30G

jrefrmwpfEkdifiH\ wpfckwnf;

aom rdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef;jzpfonhf

omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef;rS

2008-2009 b@mESpftwGuf b@m

aiGusyfodef; 100 &SmazG&&Sd&ef vsmxm;

aMumif; tqkdygarG;jrLa&;pcef;rS vuf

axmufñTefMum;a&;rSL; OD;tefMunfu

ajymMum;onf/

tqkdygvsmxm;aiGukd *dwf0ifaMu;

,ckESpf omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef; b@maiGusyfodef; 100 &&Sd&efvsmxm;&efukef? Zlvkdif 23&efukef? Zlvkdif 23


&rIrS usyfodef; 20 pkpkaygif; usyf 51

odef;&&SdcJhaMumif;? ,if;rwkdifrDESpfrsm;

rSmrl ESpfpOf usyf&Spfodef;rS 10 odef;

txdom&&SdcJhaMumif; tqkdygarG;jrLa&;

pcef;rS od&onf/

ESifh rdausmif;a&mif;csjcif;wkdYrS &SmazGoGm;

rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh pcef;wGif;ü toHk;

rjyKbJ&Sdonfha&tdrfrsm;ukd jyefvnfjyK

jyifí tcay;pepf trsm;oHk;a&tdrftjzpf

jyKvkyfpDpOfvsuf&SdaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;

pcef;taejzifh ,refESpf (2007-2008

b@mESpf)wGif 0ifaMu;aumufcHrIrS

aiGusyf 31 odef;ESifh rdausmif;a&mif;cs

EkdifiHjcm;om; jrefrm

vlBuD; - 2000usyf vlBuD; - 200usyf

uav; - 1000usyf uav; - 100usyf

um; - 200 usyf

pufbD; - 100 usyf

omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef; 0ifaMu;EIef;xm;rsm;omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef; 0ifaMu;EIef;xm;rsm;

omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef; 0ifaMu;EIef;xm;rsm;omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef; 0ifaMu;EIef;xm;rsm;omauwrdausmif;arG;jrLa&;pcef; 0ifaMu;EIef;xm;rsm;

jrefrmEkdifiHtESHYtjym;okdY ukefypönf;rsm; t"dujzefYjzL;

&mae&mjzpfaom &efukefNrdKUawmf bk&ifhaemifyJG½kHrS ukefwif,mOf

rsm;onf 'DZ,fokH;armfawmf,mOfrS CNG obm0"mwfaiGUokH;

,mOftjzpfokdY ajymif;vJwyfqifoGm;&ef ykdrkdpdwf0ifpm;vmMu

aMumif; tqkdygyJG½kH&Sd ukefwif,mOfarmif;rsm;u ajymMum;onf/

,cktcg ukefwif,mOfrsm;onf 'DZ,faps;EIef;rsm; jrifh

wufvmaejcif;aMumifh ukefusp&dwfoufomonfh CNG

obm0"mwfaiGUukdtokH;jyK&ef ykdrkdpdwf0ifpm;vmMujcif;jzpf

aMumif;? ajcmufbD;ukefwif,mOfwpfpD;onf &efukef-[oFmw

94 rkdifc&D;ukd oGm;a&mufrnfqkdygu toGm;tjyefc&D;twGuf

'DZ,f 30 *gvef tokH;jyK&NyD; umvwefzkd; usyfESpfodef;cefY

ukefusrnfjzpfaMumif;? obm0"mwfaiGUokH;,mOfjzpfygu

tqkdygc&D;pOftwGuf CNG tkd; 14 vkH;cefYtokH;jyK&NyD; umv

wefzkd;usyf 30ç000 ausmfcefYom ukefusrnfjzpfaMumif;?

tqkdyg,mOfESpfpD;\ wlnDaomc&D;pOftwGuf ukefusp&dwf

bk&ifUaemifukefwif,mOfrsm; CNG ajymif;vJ&efpdwf0ifpm;&efukef? Zlvkdif 22&efukef? Zlvkdif 22


onf usyfwpfodef;cJGausmfjcm;em;onfukd awGU&aMumif;?

aemufykdif;wGif EkdifiHwumaps;uGufü pufoHk;qDaps;EIef;rsm;

vnf; jrifhwufvmzG,f&Sdí ,cktcsdefrSpí ukefwif,mOfrsm;

ukd CNG ,mOftjzpfajymif;vJEkdifrnfqkdygu rsm;pGmtqifajy

EkdifrnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;wkdYu ajymMum;onf/

'DZ,fqDokH;ukefwif,mOfrsm;ukd CNG ,mOftjzpfajymif;

vJEkdifrnfqkdygu ukefypönf;ykdYaqmifcrsm; usqif;vmEkdifzG,f

&SdaMumif;? ,cktcg bk&ifhaemifyJG½kHtwGif;ü &efukefrS [oFmw?

ausmif;ukef;? ykodrfNrdKUwkdYokdY ajy;qJGaeaom CNG obm0

"mwfaiGUokH;,mOf pkpkaygif; 20 pD;0ef;usifcefY&SdaMumif;? {&m

0wDwkdif;twGif; CNG ta&mif;qkdifwnfaqmufrnfqkdygu

anmifwkef;NrdKUonf taumif;qHk;ae&mjzpfNyD; vdIifom,m

tokwfNrdKU r[m"mwftm;vkdif;oG,fwef;xm;jcif;aMumifh

vnf; rsm;pGmtqifajyEkdifaMumif; bk&ifhaemifyJG½kH&Sd yJG½kHvkyfief;

&SifwpfOD;u oHk;oyfajymMum;onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


30 H

EdkifiHwumtodtrSwfjyK Online Test

Center ig;cktxd jynfwGif;ü ajzqdkEdkif&efukef? Zlvdkif 25&efukef? Zlvdkif 25

&efukef? Zlvdkif 25&efukef? Zlvdkif 25&efukef? Zlvdkif 25

jrefrmEdkifiHü Online rSwpfqifhajzqdkEdkifaom EdkifiHwumtodtrSwfjyK

toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESifh ynm&yfqdkif&m atmifvufrSwfpmar;yGJrsm;udk vufcH

ppfaq;ay;aeonfh pmppfXmewpfckjzpfonfh Myanmar Inspirations wGif EdkifiH

wumpmar;yGJtrsdK;rsdK;udk ajzqdkEdkifonfh Online Test Center ig;cktxd &dSoGm;NyD

jzpfaMumif; tqdkygpifwmrS Cheif Information Officer OD;vSrsdK;xGef;u ajym

Mum;onf/

tqdkyg Online Test Center rsm;rS Microsoft, Sun, Oracle, Comp TIA,

Adobe, Linux, CIW ponfh ICT ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;u todtrSwfjyKvufrSwf xkwfay;

onfhpmar;yGJrsm;udk ppfaq;ay;vsuf&dSaom Prometric rS vdkifpif&,lxm;onfh

Outhorized Prometric Testing Center, Linux enf;ynmtay: vufawGUprf;oyf

ppfaq;NyD; todtrSwfjyKvufrSwfay;onfh Novell rS vkdifpif&,lxm;onfh Novell

Practicum Test Center ? t*Fvdyfpmt&nftcsif;ppfaq;onfh TOEFL bmom

&yfudk Online rS ajzqdkEdkifrnfh ETS rS vdkifpif&,lxm;onfh TOEFL iBT Test

Center ? ½Hk;vkyfief;oHk;uGefysLwmuRrf;usifrIt&nftcsif;udkppfaq;ay;onfh Non

Professional IT Exam wpfckjzpfaom ICDL (International Computer Driveing

License ) udk ajzqdkEdkifonfh ECDL rS vdkifpif&,lxm;onfh pmppfpifwmESifh EdkifiH

wumü Online pmar;yGJrsm;udkppfaq;ay;aeaom tBuD;qHk;ukrÜPDBuD;jzpfonfh

Pearson VUE rS vdkifpif&,lxm;onfh pmppfpifwmwdkYjzpfMuaMumif; ¤if;uqdkonf/

tqdkyg Test Center ig;ckrS ICT enf;ynmqdkif&mtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;vuf

rSwf&pmar;yGJrsm;? t*vdyfpmbmom&yfqdkif&mt&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJrsm;? uGefysL

wmtajccHuRrf;usifrIqdkif&mtodtrSwfjyK vufrSwf&pmar;yGJrsm;? ynma&;qdkif&m

EdkifiHwumtodtrSwfjyK t&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJrsm;tm;vHk;udk EdkifiHwumESifhwef;

wl wpfae&mwnf;wGifajzqdkEdkifNyDjzpfaMumif;? enf;ynmESifhywfoufí jynfyodkY

oGm;a&mufajzqdk&onfhpmar;yGJtm;vHk;eD;yg;udk 2008 ckESpfrukefcif jrefrmEdkifiHüyif

ajzqdk&&dSEdkif&ef csdwfqufpDpOfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;uxyfavmif;ajymMum;onf/

jrefrmEdkifiHü tqdkygEdkifiHwumtodtrSwfjyK Online pmar;yGJrsm;udk Myan-

mar Inspirations u 2005 ckESpf Zefe0g&DvrS pwifvufcHppfaq;ay;cJh&m ajzqdkol

90 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfrSm Microsoft ukrÜPDuppfaq;onfhpmar;yGJrsm;udk t"duajz

qdkMujcif;jzpfaMumif; qdkygpifwmrS pHkprf;od&dS&onf/

NrdKYwGif;c&D;oGm; xuf0ufausmf r .x .o wm0ef,lajy;qGJae[kqdk&efukef? Mo*kwf 2&efukef? Mo*kwf 2


armfawmf,mOfvkyfief;aygif;pHk

xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwD (rxo) \

,mOfvkdif;rsm;onf &efukefNrdKUawmf

wGif; ydkYaqmifa&;u@\ 65 &mckdifEIef;

udk wm0ef,lajy;qGJay;aeaMumif; ,if;

aumfrwDOuú| OD;wifxG#fu &efukef

NrdKUawmf uefawmfr*Fvmyef;NcH a&TbJ

pm;awmfqufü Mo*kwfv 2 &ufaeYwGif

jyKvkyfaom &efukefc&D;oGm;*sme,f rdwf

qufyGJtcrf;tem;ü ajymMum;onf/

vlOD;a& ajcmufoef;ajcmufodef;

ausmfaexkdifvsuf&Sdaom &efukefNrdKU

awmfwGif vlOD;a& oHk;oef;cGJcefYonf aeY

pOfNrdKUwGif;c&D;oGm;vmvsuf&SdaMumif;?

¤if;wdkYoGm;vma&;twGuf NrdKUwGif;ajy;

qGJonfharmfawmf,mOftpD;a& 5ç000

ausmfonf aeYpOf tacgufaygif;

33ç400 ausmfjzifh ajy;qGJay;aeaMumif;?

,if;wkdYteufrS r.x.o taejzifh ,mOf

tpD;a& 2ç000 eD;yg;jzifh c&D;onfOD;a&

odef; 20 cefYudk aeYpOf wm0ef,lykdY

aqmifajy;qGJay;aeaMumif; ¤if;uqdk

onf/

tqdkygaumfrwDudk XmecGJ udk;ck

jzifhzGJUpnf;xm;NyD; ,mOfvkdif;aygif; 131

vkdif;? ,mOftpD;a& 2345 pD; ajy;qGJae

um 0efxrf;aygif; 1395 OD;&SdaMumif;?

r.x.o onf ,mOfBuD; 1051 pD;? rDeD

bwfpf 161 pD;? bDtrf[D;Ekd; 43 pD;?

autrf[D;Edk; (&def;*sm;) 12 pD;? ppfusef

bwfpf 137 pD;? ,mOfvwf 529 pD;?

oD;oefY 113 pD;ESifh ,mOfi,fvkdif; 63

pD;wdkYjzifh ajy;qGJaeaMumif; tqdkyg

aumfrwDrS XmerSL;wpfOD;u ajymMum;

onf/

]]c&D;oGm;jynfolawGtwGuf

txl;vdkif;awGukdvnf; r.x.o taeeJY

wkd;csJUoGm;zdkY&Sdygw,f}} [k OD;wifxG#fu

twnfjyKajymMum;onf/

242424 ? 393192

LIVING COLOR MEDIA

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

31


*syefbmomt&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJ0ifcGifUoifwef;raem&r® ynm'geoifMum;

&efukef? Zlvdkif 31&efukef? Zlvdkif 31

&efukef? Zlvdkif 31&efukef? Zlvdkif 31&efukef? Zlvdkif 31

*syefEkdifiHoH½Hk;\pDpOfrIjzifh ESpfpOfusif;yvsuf&Sdaom *syefbmompum;

t&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJ0ifa&mufajzqdkrnfholrsm;twGuf 0ifcGifhoifwef;udk &efukef

NrdKU prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f raem&r® ynm'geausmif;ü oifwef;aMu;r,lbJ ynm'ge

zGifhvSpfoifMum;ay;aeNyDjzpfaMumif; tqdkygausmif;wkdufq&mawmf b'EÅ0g,rdEÅu

rdefUMum;onf/

tqdkyg0ifcGifhynmoif'geoifwef;udk ZGefv 30 &ufaeYwGif pwifzGifhvSpfcJhNyD;

*syefvlrsdK; oifwef;enf;jyukd,fwkdif avhusifhoifMum;ay;vsuf&SdaMumif;? oifwef;

wGif *syefbmompum; Level II, III ESifh III wkdYudk tcaMu;aiGr,lbJ avhusifh

oifMum;ay;NyD; oifwef;csdefrSm wevFmaeYrS Ak'¨[l;aeYxd aeYpOf nae 5;00 em&D

rS 6;00 em&DcGJtxd owfrSwfxm;aMumif;ESifh ,if;pmar;yGJajzqdkvdkol rnfolrqdk

wufa&mufEkdifMuaMumif; ¤if;uqkdonf/

*syefbmompum;udk EkdifiHwumokdYxdk;azmufEkdif&eftwGuf tqdkyg *syefbm

ompum;t&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJ (Japanese Languages Proficiency Test) udk

*syeftpdk;&u ESpfpOf urÇmwpf0ef;wGif wpfNydKifeufusif;yppfaq;vsuf&Sdonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHü ,ckESpf 2008 ckESpfpmar;yGJudk vmrnfh 'DZifbmv 7 &ufwGif &efukef

NrKdUü usif;yppfaq;rnfjzpfaMumif; *syefEkdifiHoH½Hk;rS pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

&efukefwuúodkvfü zGifhvSpfoif

Mum;vsuf&Sdaom 0dZÆm? odyÜHESifh Oya'

txl;jyKbGJUvGefoifwef;rsm;teuf pm

MunfhwdkufESifh okwynmXmeu pm

MunhfwdkufESifh okwynmyg&*lbGJUBudK

oifwef;udk ,ckESpf 2008-2009 ynm

oifESpfrSpí zGifhvSpfoifMum;vsuf&Sd&m

&efukefwuúodkvfu vuf&SdoifMum;ydkY

csaevsuf&Sdaom bmom&yftm;vHk;

yg&*lbGJUtoD;oD;udk csD;jr§ifhtyfESif;EkdifNyD

jzpfonf/

,if;wuúodkvfü ,cktcg owå

aA'txl;jyK 33 OD;? ½lyaA'txl;jyK

101 OD;? "mwkaA'txl;jyK 29 OD;?

ukefxkwf"mwkaA'txl;jyK wpfOD;?

pmMunUfwkdufESifU okwynm yg&*lbGJY BudKoifwef; zGifUvSpf&efukef? Mo*kwf 8&efukef? Mo*kwf 8


ordkif;txl;jyK 15 OD;? yx0D0iftxl;jyK

13 OD;? jrefrmpmtxl;jyK 27 OD;? rEkó

aA'txl;jyK ajcmufOD;? Oya'ynmtxl;

jyK 18 OD;? t*Fvdyfpmtxl;jyK oHk;OD;?

EkdifiHwumqufqHa&;ynm txl;jyK

13 OD;? ta&SUwkdif;ynmtxl;jyK wpfOD;?

'óeduaA'txl;jyK ckepfOD;? pdwfynm

txl;jyK ig;OD;? a&S;a[mif;okawoeynm

txl;jyK ckepfOD;? pmMunfhwkdufESifh okw

ynmtxl;jyK av;OD;? ½ku©aA'txl;jyK

10 OD;? blrdaA'txl;jyKav;OD;? ocsFm

txl;jyK ig;OD;ESifh uGefysLwmodyÜHtxl;

jyK ig;OD;wkdYrSm yg&*lbGJUBudKoifwef;

toD;oD;wufa&mufaeMuNyD; tqkdyg

yg&*lbGJUBudK oifwef;om; oifwef;ol

rsm;\ t*Fvdyfpmt&nftcsif;udk jr§ifh

wif&eftwGuf rGrf;rHoifwef;wpf&yfudk

t*FvdyfpmXmeu ZlvdkifvaemufqHk;ywf

wGif zGifhvSpfydkYcscJhaMumif; ,if;XmerS

pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yg&*l (Ph.D) oif

wef;rsm;udk &efukefwuúodkvfü 1994-

95 ynmoifESpfwGif yxrOD;qHk; zGifhvSpf

oifMum;cJhNyD; ,ck 2008 ckESpf Zlvkdifv

txd ,if;wuúodkvfrS yg&*lbGJU&&Sdol

ta&twGuf pkpkaygif; 1867 OD; arG;

xkwfcJhNyD;jzpfonf/

Zkefxkwfum;0,f,lyguyJGpm;tm;rukd;oifU[kqdk



pufrIZkeftoD;oD;uxkwfvkyfonfh

armfawmf,mOftrsKd;rsKd;ukd 0,f,lvkdygu

um;yJGpm;wef;wGif 0,f,ljcif;xuf

xkwfvkyfonfhae&m okdYr[kwf ta&mif;

jycef; (Show Room) wGif 0,f,ljcif;

u ykdíaumif;rGefaMumif; &efukefNrdKU&Sd

0g&ifhum;0,fa&mif;vkyfukdifolrsm;u

tBuHjyKajymMum;onf/

tqkdygudpöESifhywfoufí 0g&ifh

um;0,fa&mif;wpfOD;u ]]yJGpm;wef;u

um;aps; oufomw,fqkdNyD; yJGpm;wef;

xkd;xm;wJhum;ukd vm0,fMuwmawG&Sd

w,f/ wcsKdUpuf½kHawGu 0,fNyD; ajcmuf

v? wpfESpftwGif; Service tcrJh? tpm;

xkd;jyKjyifay;wmawGukd 0efaqmifay;

w,f/ 'gu olYqDu wkduf½kduf0,frS

om vkyfay;wmyg/ yJGpm;wef;xkd;xm;

wJhum;awGuawmh 'D0efaqmifrIawG

rygawmhbl;/ tcsKdUu 0,fNyD;ESpfv?

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

32


awmifudk&D;,m;okdh a&arSmfajcmufwifykdh&efukef? Zlvkdif 14&efukef? Zlvkdif 14


yifv,fa&arSmfyifrS&&Sdonfh a&arSmfajcmufrsm;ukd ukd&D;,m;EkdifiHokdY wifykdY&ef

twGufpDpOfvsuf&SdaMumif; tqkdygvkyfief;vkyfukdifaeonfh NrdwfNrdKUe,ftajcpkduf

MSC ukrÜPDu ajymMum;onf/

,if;ukrÜPDonf awmifukd&D;,m;ukrÜPDwpfckjzpfNyD; Nrdwfa'oü tajcpkduf

um yifv,fa&arSmfprf;oyfarG;jrLa&;ukd vkyfaqmifcJhaMumif;? a&arSmfajcmuf wef

20 eD;yg;wifykdYEkdif&ef aqmif&GufaeNyD; vuf&SdtcsdefwGif 10 wefausmf pkaqmif;NyD;

jzpfaMumif; ,if;vkyfief;ü wJGzufvkyfukdifaeonfh ZD0enf;ynmwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

]]&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHxm;wmuawmh tar&duefa':vm oef; 20 eD;yg; &Sdygw,f/

prf;oyfarG;jrLxkwfvkyf&mu atmifjrifwJhtwGuf wifykdYzkdYvkyfaewmyg/ aemufNyD;

'Dynm&yfukd a'ocHawGqDjzefYa0ay;zkdYtpDtpOfvnf; &Sdygw,f/ a'ocH awmf

awmfrsm;rsm;u a&vkyfief;vkyfukdifaeMuayr,fh 'Dvkyfief;&JU0ifaiGukd odyfrodMu

ao;ygbl;/ atmifjrifvmwJhtcsdefrSm yifv,fa&arSmfvkyfom;wpfOD;&JU wpf&uf0ifaiG

[m a&vkyfom;wpfOD;&JUwpf&uf0ifaiGxuf tenf;qkH; okH;qykdygw,f/ 'gukdodwJh

a'ocHtcsKdUuawmh vkyfukdifMuzkdY jyifqifaeygNyD}} [k ¤if;u ajymMum;onf/

yifv,fa&arSmfonf *syef? ukd&D;,m;EkdifiHrsm;ü emrnfBuD;aom ql&SD (ig;

xrif;) tpm;tpmwGif rjzpfraexnfhoGif;jyKvkyf&aom pm;aomufukefjzpfonfh

twGuf 0,fvkdtm;&Sdaomypönf;jzpfaMumif;? ,if;a&arSmf 10 wefausmf &&Sd&ef

wpfESpfausmfcefYpkaqmif;&aMumif; jynfwGif;&Sd *syef½kd;&m? ukd&D;,m;½kd;&m pm;aomuf

qkdifrsm;uvnf; ykHrSef0,fvkdtm;&Sdaom a&xGufypönf;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/



okH;vMumvQif yJGpm;wef;vmxkd;wm

awG&Sdw,f/ vkdifpifudpöawGrSmvnf;

uGm[rIwcsKdU&S dw,f/ puf½kH Show

Room u0,fwJhumvawGu vkdifpif

udpöyg aqmif&Gufay;wJhtwGuf ukd,fu

bmrSvkyfp&mrvkdbl;/ yJGpm;wef;xkd;

xm;wJhum;uawmh tptqkH;vkdufvkyf

ae&r,f/ 'gaMumifh Zkefxkwfum; 0,f

csif&if yif&if;xkwfvkyfwJhae&mrSm0,f

wmtaumif;qkH;ygyJ}} [k qkdonf/

Zkefxkwfum;trsKd;rsKd;onf yJGpm;

wef;aygufaps;ESifh puf½kHxkwfaygufaps;

tenf;i,fuGm[rI&Sd&m 0,f,lvkdol

tcsKdUu aps;EIef;oufomrIukdomMunfh

NyD; yJGpm;wef;rS 0,f,loGm;wwfMu

aMumif;? uGm[rIBuD;rm;vQif udpör&Sdaomf

vnf; uGm[rIenf;yg;u 0,fNyD;aemuf

,mOfESifhywfoufonfhudpörsm; aqmif

&Guf&mwGif ,mOftopftwkdif; aqmif

&Guf&aMumif; ¤if;xHrS qufvufod&Sd&

onf/



or®w[kdw,f (Business Suite)

trSwf ( 5 ) ? tvHjybk&m;vrf; ?'*kHNrKdYe,f ? &efukefNrKdY /

zkef; - 242424 ? 393132

LIVING COLOR MEDIA

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

34

jyóem rD;xGef;&Smolrsm;bkef;a0nGefYvl

]]uav;awGu ausmif;uaewef;vm&awmh bmrSrpm;

vm&awmh AkdufqmwmukdjrifNyD; qkdifav;zGifhvkdufwmyg/

a&mif;&ygw,f/ awmfawmfav; pm;Muw,f}}

rEÅav;NrdKU\ emrnftBuD;qHk; t*FvdyfpmtvGwfoifwef;

ausmif;wpfckteD;wGif vrf;ab;tuifqkdifzGifhxm;onfh ajc

wpfzufqmwmwmESifholu ajymMum;jcif;jzpfonf/ rSefyg

onf/ opfyif&dyfatmufwGifzGifhxm;aom olYqkdifav;teD;wGif

qkdifu,fav;awG wpfpD;NyD;wpfpD; xkd;qkdufMuonf/ olYqkdif

wGif pm;MuaomufMuonf/ cHkutjynfh/ NyD;awmh qkdifu,f

rsm;ukd xm;cJhNyD; oifwef;wGif; 0ifa&mufoGm;Muonf/ olu

qkdifu,frsm;ukd apmifha&Smufay;onf/ uav;awG Akdufqmjcif;

qkdonfhjyóemonf xkdol\ jrifwwfaomrsufpdaMumifh

ntrepreneur pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;&SifqkdonfrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfrsm;ukd pGefYpGefYpm;pm;ESifh pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;&SifqkdonfrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfrsm;ukd pGefYpGefYpm;pm;ESifh

pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;&SifqkdonfrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfrsm;ukd pGefYpGefYpm;pm;ESifh pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;&SifqkdonfrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfrsm;ukd pGefYpGefYpm;pm;ESifh pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;&SifqkdonfrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfrsm;ukd pGefYpGefYpm;pm;ESifh

wDxGifMuHqum vkyfukdifaomolrsm;ukd qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ t&if;ppfvkdufvQif wDxGifMuHqum vkyfukdifaomolrsm;ukd qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ t&if;ppfvkdufvQif

wDxGifMuHqum vkyfukdifaomolrsm;ukd qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ t&if;ppfvkdufvQif wDxGifMuHqum vkyfukdifaomolrsm;ukd qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ t&if;ppfvkdufvQif wDxGifMuHqum vkyfukdifaomolrsm;ukd qkdjcif;jzpfonf/ t&if;ppfvkdufvQif Entrepreneur

wkdYrSm jyóem&Sm wkdYrSm jyóem&Sm

wkdYrSm jyóem&Sm wkdYrSm jyóem&Sm wkdYrSm jyóem&Sm

olrsm;yifjzpfonf/olrsm;yifjzpfonf/

olrsm;yifjzpfonf/olrsm;yifjzpfonf/olrsm;yifjzpfonf/

E

34

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.rsufESmzkH;aqmif;yg;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

35

tcGifhtvrf;tjzpfajymif;vJoGm;um olYtwkdif;twmtavsmuf

atmifjrifaomvkyfief;av; jzpfvmcJh&onf/

ywf0ef;usif vlYtokdif;t0kdif;twGif; jzpfay:aeonfh

jyóemrsm;ukd Entrepreneur wkdYu tNrJvkdufvH &SmazGae

wwf Muonf/ tjcm;olr sm;twGuf jyóemonf

pGefYOD;wDxGif pD;yGm;&Sifrsm;twGuf tcGifhtvrf;yifjzpfonf/

xkdjyóemukd ajz&Sif;ay;rnfh ukefypönf;wpfck? 0efaqmifrIukd

zefwD;ay; vkdufvQif atmifjrifaompD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;

jzpfvmEkdifay onf/

aemufxyf OyrmwpfckavhvmMunfh&atmif/ uRefawmf

t&ufraomufyg/ EkdifiHjcm;av,mOfc&D;pOfrsm; pD;&vQif

rauseyfpdwfrsm; uRefawmfhwGif jzpfay:wwfonf/ 0DpuD?

0kdifrsm;vmcsvQif ukd,frSraomuf&bJ/ wpfcgwpf&H rdrdab;rS

c&D;onfu 0DpuDa&m 0kdifyg wpfcGufNyD;wpfcGuf rSmaomuf

aewwfonf/ xkdavaMumif;vkdif;wkdYu xkdp&dwfrsm;ukd xnfh

wGufxm;rnfrSm aocsmaomfvnf; t&ufraomufol

twGuf p&dwfrsm;ukdrl av,mOfvufrSwfxJwGif avQmhwGuf

rxm;yg/ onfawmh ukd,ftusKd;rcHpm;&bJESifh aiGtacsmif

ukefaeovkd jzpfonf/ xkdtcsufu jyóemyif/ p&dwfenf;

Budget avaMumif;vkdif;rsm;ay:vmonfhtcg xkdjyóem

ajyvnfoGm;onf/ bmrQ rauR;/ a&utp 0,faomuf&

onf/ udk,fhtusKd;r&SdbJ ydkufqHray;&awmh/ Budget av

aMumif;vkdif;rsm; aygufoGm;ygonf/ orm;½kd;usavaMumif;

vkdif;rsm;tcsKdUyif tawmftcuftcJ awGUoGm;ao;onf/

jyóemajz&Sif;ay;vkdufonfhtwGuf cHpm;&aomtusKd;yif

jzpfonf/

oHk;ykdif;Entrepreneurship wGif jyóemukd jrifatmif&Smjcif;?

jrifaomjyóemukd ajz&Sif;&ef enf;&Smjcif;ESifh ajz&Sif;jcif;

[k oHk;ykdif;cGJEkdifonf/

jyóemb,fvkd&SmrvJjyóem&Sm&ef ywf0ef;usifukd Munfhwwfjrif

wwfonfhtjrif Observation aumif;&ef vkdonf/

yifukd,fobm0ADZt& arG;&myg jrifwwfolrsm; &Sd

aomfvnf; Entrepreneur jzpfvkdolrsm;? jzpfaeolrsm;

onf Munfhwwfjrifwwfatmif avhusifhxm;&rnf

jzpfonf/

olwpfyg;ukd ulnDvkdaomolonf

Entrepreneur aumif; jzpfvmEkdifajcrsm;

pGm&Sdonf/ vltrsm; ykdrkdtqifajyatmif

35


pOf;pm;ay;jcif;onf tvm;tvmaumif;aom Entrepreneur

\ vu©Pmaumif;yif/

urÇmausmf acsmxkyfukefypönf;ykdYaqmifa&; FedEx

ray:rDu acsmpmxkyfrsm;? pmrsm;onf tcsdefrsm;pGmMumrS ykdYvkd

olvufwGif;okdY a&mufoGm;Muonf/ wnfaxmifol Smith u

ta&;BuD;acsmpmxkyfrsm; ,aeYykdY reufjzefa&mufatmif

ykdYaqmifay;vQif vloef;aygif;rsm;pGmukd ulnD&ma&mufrnf[k

awG;rdonf/ ol\tMuHÓPfukd taumiftxnfazmfvkduf

onfhtcgwGifrl FedEx onf pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;rsm;xJwGif

&mZ0ifpmwif&onfhvkyfief;wpfck jzpfoGm;onf/ tjrefacsmykdY

vkyfief;\aps;uGufrSm xkdpOfuyif aiGrm wpfbDvD,H&Sdaomf

vnf; FedEx uJhokdY tjrefacsmykdYpepfrsm; r&SdcJhvQifqkdonfh

ar;cGef;ukdajzMunfhvQif Entrepreneur t"dyÜm,fukd &Sif;ceJ

jrifawGU&rnf/ aiG&jcif;rSm 'kwd,ae&mwGifjzpfNyD; vltrsm;

tqifajyatmifvkyfaqmifay;jcif;u rlvyxrae&mwGif &Sdae

ayonf/

em;axmif? em;axmifjyóem&SmvkdonfholwpfOD;onf em;axmif&rnf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

36


em;ukdpGifhxm;&rnf/ rausreyfESifh ajymoHMum;vQif ykdNyD;em;

axmif&rnf/ jyóem&SdaomaMumifh rausreyfoHxGufonf

r[kwfygvm;/

]]uRefawmfwkdYem;u tifwmeufqkdifu *drf;upm;wJhol

awGu t&rf;qlw,fAsm/ wpfckck tqifrajyvkdY ar;r,fqkd

&ifvnf; qkdifu0efxrf;awGu rod/ odwJholawGuawmh

vnf; Chatting yJajymaeawmh ar;r,fqkd r&Sd/ wjcm;qkdif

r&SdvkdYom oHk;ae&wm}}

xkdokdYaomtoHem;axmifrdygu xkd&yfuGuf? xkdvrf;

wGif *drf;upm;olrsm; toHrqlatmif zefwD;ay;onfh okdYr

[kwf *drf;upm;cGifhrjyKonfh 0efaqmifrIaumif;ay;Ekdifonfh

tifwmeufqkdifwpfqkdif oGm;a&mufzGifhvSpfygu atmifjrifEkdif

ayonf/ tjcm;rausreyfoHrsm; Mum;&yguvnf; jyóem&Sd

r&Sd avhvmEkdifonf/

pmzwfygpmzwfjcif;jzifh jyóemtrsm;tjym;ukd &SmazGawGU&SdEkdif

onf/ pmtkyfrsm;xJwGif jyóem&Smenf;rsm;ukdvnf; awGUEkdif

onf/ todÓPfcsif;wlvQif pmzwfaom Entrepreneur u

acgif;wpfvHk;ru ycHk;wpfjcrf;yg omayonf/ EkdifiH&yfjcm;rS

jyóem azmfxkwfa&;om;xm;csufrsm;ukd zwf½INyD; rdrdEkdifiH

wGif xkdjyóemrsm; &Sd? r&Sdavhvmum ajz&Sif;onfhvkyfief; wnf

axmifEkdifonf/

tem*wfjyóem,ckvuf&SdacwfwGifyif jyóemrsm;awmifvdkyHkaeao;

jcif;u jyóemudkjrifwwfonfhrsufpd&Sifrsm; enf;yg;aeao;

jcif;udkqdkvdkonf/ ,ckacwfvufawGUjrif&onfh tcuftcJ

rsm;? jyóemrsm;udkyif rsufpdvQrf;aeMuvQif rjzpfay:ao;

onfh tem*wf&Sd jzpfvmEkdifonfh jyóemrsm;udk BudKjrifzdkY&ef

rnfrQcufcJrnfudk wGufqEkdifonf/ cufcJvSonfhtwGuf

tem*wfwGifjzpfrnfh jyóemudkjrifum tcGifhtvrf; rSef;od

EkdifNyD; vkyfief;wnfaxmifEkdifygu tvGefYtvGefatmifjrifaom

vkyfief; jzpfoGm;Ekdifonf/ owdxm;&efrSm rdrdu tem*wf

tvm;tvmudk BudKjrifaomfvnf; rdrdywf0ef;usif&Sdolrsm;u

rdrduJhodkYrjrifvQif rdrdtBuHtpnftay: t[efYtwm;rsm;

ay:aygufvmEkdifygonf/ rdrdudk,fudk,Hk

MunfrI&SdNyD; rdrdtjrifrSefuefvQif aemuf

rqkwfbJ vkyfudkif&ayrnf/ qkdif&me,f

y,frS wpfzufurf;cwfynm&Sifrsm;u

uefYuGufvQifyif taotcsm pOf;pm;NyD;

rSqHk;jzwfoifhonf/ e,fy,ftoD;oD;&Sd

*k½kBuD;rsm;twGufyif tem*wfudkBudK

jrif&ef vHk;0rvG,fulaMumif; atmufyg

Oyrmrsm;udk avhvmMunfhvQif xif&Sm;

ygonf/

]avxuf ydkav;NyD; ysHoef;EkdifwJh

puf,EÅ&m;awGqdkwm rjzpfEkdifygbl;/}

Lord Kelvin, NAdwdoQ ocsFmynm

&Sif? ½lyaA'ynm&SifESifh British Royal

Society \ Ouú|? 1895 ]½kyf&Sifum;

xJrSm o½kyfaqmifawG pum;ajymwmudk

b,faumifursm; Mum;csifvdrfhrvJ/}

Harry M.Warner, Warner Broth-

ers ½kyf&SifukrÜPD? 1927 ]urÇmhuGefysLwm

aps;uGufu uRefawmfhtxifawmh uGef

ysLwmig;vHk;avmufyJ &Sdw,f/}

Thomas Watson, IBM \ Ouú|?

1943 ]tdrfwpftdrfrSm uGefysLwmwpfvHk;

pD&SdzdkY b,folYtwGufrS bmtaMumif;rS

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

37


r&Sdbl;/}

Ken Olson, Digital Equipment aumfydka&;&Sif;? 1977

txufyg pum;rsm;onf urÇmausmftvGJrsm;jzpfonf/

olwdkY\cefYrSef;csufrsm; wufwufpifatmifvGJcJhygonf/ xl;

jcm;csufrSm xdkoltm;vHk;onf oufqkdif&me,fy,ftoD;oD;

wGif xdyfoD;rsm;jzpfMuNyD; olwdkYa[mudef;xkwfcJhonfhpum;

rsm;tm;vHk;onf olwdkYuRrf;usif&me,fy,fwGifyifjzpfonf/

uGefysLwm 90 &mckdifEIef;ausmfwGif r&SdrjzpfoHk;pGJae&

onfh emrnfausmf Windows ESifh Office Software rsm;a&mif;

csonfh Mircrosoft wnfaxmifol pGefYOD;wDxGifvkyfief;&Sif

urÇmhtcsrf;omqHk;ae&mudk q,fpkESpfwpfpkqufwkduf&,lxm;

cJhonfh Bill Gates onf txufyg*k½kpum;rsm;xJrS uGefysL

wmESifhoufqkdifonfh ESpfcGef;udk ,HkMunfcJhrdvQif vlwumu

ajymprSwfjyK&onfh Entrepreneur wpfOD;jzpfvmrnfr[kwf yg/

xdkYaMumifh Entrepreneur wpfOD;onf tem*wfudkBudKjrif &ef

ta&;BuD;NyD; jrifEkdifyguvnf; rdrdudk,fudk,HkMunf&ef ydk

rdkta&;BuD;onf/

raocsm ra&&mcsdefraocsm ra&&monfhumvrsm;? wnfNidrfrIenf;yg;

onfhtcsdefrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;twGuf pdwfaomujrifhrm;

oavmuf Entrepreneur ppfppfwdkYtwGufrl tcGifhaumif;yif

jzpfonf/ urÇmhpD;yGm;ysufuyfjzpfyGm;csdef 1930 ESpfrsm;0ef;

usifonf vloef;aygif;rsm;pGm aomuyifv,fa0aeonfh

umv jzpfonf/ xdktcsdefrsKd;wGif 0,f,loHk;pGJEkdiftm; vHk;0r&Sd

oavmufjzpfaeonfhtwGuf vkyfief;BuD;i,frsm;pGmaysmuf

uG,foGm;Muonf/ odkYaomf vlwpfOD;u oifwef;wpfckudk

zGifhvSpfvkduf&m tBuD;tus,fatmifjrifoGm;NyD; ol\oifwef;

rsm;onf urÇmtESHYwGif ,aeYxufwkdif atmifjrifaeqJjzpf

onf/ xdkolrSm emrnfausmf How to Win Friends and Influ-

ence People a&;ol Dale Carnegie jzpfNyD; ol\pmtkyfrsm;ukd

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ]vlay:vlaZmfvkyfief;}? ]rdwåAv#Dum}? ]aomu

uif;a0;aeEkdifa&;} trnfrsm;jzifh bmomjyefxkwfa0cJh&m a&mif;

taumif;qHk;pmtkyfrsm; jzpfcJhonf/ vlaygif;rsm;pGm pdwf"mwf

usqif;aecsdef? arQmfvifhcsufrJhaecsdefwGif pdwf"mwfwuf<u

apNyD; ,HkMunfrIwufaponfh ol\oifwef;rsm;rSm atmif

jrifoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ rwnfNidrfonfhumvrsm;onf jyó

emtrsm;qHk;umvrsm;jzpf&m jyóemajz&Sif;&ef vdktyfcsuf

trsm;qHk;vnf;jzpfonf/

jyóemajz&Sif;jcif;jyóemudkjrifonfu yxrqifh/ jyóemudkajz&Sif;&ef

tBuH&jcif;u 'kwd,qifh/ jyóemudkajz&Sif;jcif;u wwd,

qifh/ xdktqifhrSm yxrESpfqifhavmuf xll;cRefrIrvdktyf?

orm;½dk;us[kqdkEkdifaomfvnf; ,ckwwd,qifhudk rydkifEkdif

aomaMumifh Entrepreneur jzpfrvmbJ usqHk;oGm;onfh En-

trepreneur avmif;vsmrsm;trsm;tjym;yif/ ta&;BuD;onfh

tcsufrSm rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ rvkyfzl;onfhvkyfief;?

wpfcgrQ ray:zl;onfhvkyfief;jzpfvQif xdkvkyfief;ESifhywfouf

u tawGUtBuHK&Sdol r&SdEkdifaMumif;yif/ xdkYaMumifh Entrepre-

neur onf vkyfief;udk oknu p&wwfonf/

xdkYjyif aiGt&if;tESD;? vlom;t&if;tjrpfwdkY rnfodkY&

rnfudkvnf; wGufcsufxm;&rnf/ bPfrSacs;rnfvm;? tdrf

aygifrnfvm;? rdbxHrS aiG&rnfvm;? pyfwlvkyfudkifrnfvm;

ponfhvm;aygif;rsm;pGmudk tajzxkwf&rnf/

pGefhpm;rIpGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;qdkojzifh pGefYpm;vdkol? pGefYpm;oljzpf

&rnf/ odkYaomf Entrepreneur rsm;onf rsufuef;pGefYpm;ol

uH,HkNyD; ql;yHkeif;olrsm;? avmif;upm;orm;rsm; Gambler

r[kwfMuyg/ atmifjrifaom Entrepreneur rsm;udk avhvm

MunfhvQif vkyfief;atmifjrifEkdifonf? ratmifjrifEkdifonf

taotcsmwGufcsufNyD;rS pGefYpm;wwfolrsm; Calculated risk-

taker jzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/

atmifjrifrIaemufaiGaemufodkYvkdufol? aiG&vQifNyD;a&m olaX;jrefjref jzpf

vdkolrsm;onf pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;&SifrjzpfEkdifyg/ pGefYOD;wDxGif

orm;onf atmifjrifrIudk rufarmolrsm;omjzpfonf/ olwdkY

onf udk,fydkifvkyfief;wnfaxmifvdkMuonf/ vGwfvGwfvyf

vyf rdrdpdwful;twkdif; vkyfaqmifvdkMuonf/ atmifjrifonfh

tcgwGif aiGaMu;u tvdkvdkvdkufvmayonf/

oGm;&mvrf;Entrepreneur wdkYonf jyóemudk rD;xGef;&SmazGolrsm;

jzpfonf/ odkYaomf xdkrQESifh&yfraebJ jyóemudk &Sif;vif;ay;

Muonf/ Entrepreneur rsm;pGmay:xGef;vmvQif pD;yGm;a&;

wpf[kefxdk;wuf½HkrQru ywf0ef;usifavmuBuD;onf rsm;pGm

tqifajyacsmarGUvmayvdrfhrnf/ olwdkY&SifoefBuD;xGm;apa&;

twGuf a&cHajrcHaumif;zefwD;ay;&efrl rsm;pGmta&;BuD;vS

ygonf/

bkef;a0nGefYvlbkef;a0nGefYvl

bkef;a0nGefYvlbkef;a0nGefYvlbkef;a0nGefYvl

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

38


tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif pD;

yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfrsm; ay:xGef;rIEIef;

jrifhrm;onf/ xkdYjyif High-impact

Entrepreneur ac: xda&muftm;jyif;

pGefYOD;wDxGif pD;yGm;vkyfief;rsm;vnf; ykH

rSefay:aygufpD;qif;aeonf/ xdkvkyf

ief;rsm;onf aps;uGufwGif;odkY Idea

pdwful;pdwfoef;opfrsm;udk ,laqmif

vmNyD; BuD;xGm;zGHUNzdK;rIudk vIHYaqmfay;

onf/ xdk Idea rsm;txJwGif enf;y

nmopfrsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfaqmifenf;

opfrsm;? vkyfaeusudkifaeus ykHpHcGuf

qefqefenf;rsm;udk ydkoGufvufaumif;

rGefatmif vkyfaqmifenf;rsm; yg0ifonf/

tvkyfcefYvkyfief;rsm; Employer

Firm (tvkyform;rsm;udk tvkyfay;Ekdif

onfhtvkyfrsm;? rdrdbmom wpfudk,f

awmfusJaeonfh Self-employed Firm

rsm;ryg0ifyg) rsm;onf tar&duef

jynfaxmifpkwGif wpfESpfvQif ig;odef;

xufrenf; ay:xGef;aeonf/ tar&d

pGefhOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;jzifU EkdifiHwnfaqmufjcif;rif;ndKpH

aeYurÇmwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;tMuD;qkH; aeYurÇmwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;tMuD;qkH;

aeYurÇmwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;tMuD;qkH; aeYurÇmwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;tMuD;qkH; aeYurÇmwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;tMuD;qkH; Economic Superpower

EkdifiHtjzpf EkdifiHtjzpf

EkdifiHtjzpf EkdifiHtjzpf EkdifiHtjzpf

wnf&SdaeonfhtwGuf rdrdEdkifiH\pD;yGm;a&; wpf[kefxdk;wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmuf&mwGif tar&duefykHpHwnf&SdaeonfhtwGuf rdrdEdkifiH\pD;yGm;a&; wpf[kefxdk;wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmuf&mwGif tar&duefykHpH

wnf&SdaeonfhtwGuf rdrdEdkifiH\pD;yGm;a&; wpf[kefxdk;wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmuf&mwGif tar&duefykHpHwnf&SdaeonfhtwGuf rdrdEdkifiH\pD;yGm;a&; wpf[kefxdk;wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmuf&mwGif tar&duefykHpHwnf&SdaeonfhtwGuf rdrdEdkifiH\pD;yGm;a&; wpf[kefxdk;wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmuf&mwGif tar&duefykHpH

vGwfvyfaomaps;uGufpepfudk taumif;qkH;enf;emtjzpf EdkifiHtrsm;pku ykHwlul;,lusifhokH;vmMuaomfvGwfvyfaomaps;uGufpepfudk taumif;qkH;enf;emtjzpf EdkifiHtrsm;pku ykHwlul;,lusifhokH;vmMuaomf

vGwfvyfaomaps;uGufpepfudk taumif;qkH;enf;emtjzpf EdkifiHtrsm;pku ykHwlul;,lusifhokH;vmMuaomfvGwfvyfaomaps;uGufpepfudk taumif;qkH;enf;emtjzpf EdkifiHtrsm;pku ykHwlul;,lusifhokH;vmMuaomfvGwfvyfaomaps;uGufpepfudk taumif;qkH;enf;emtjzpf EdkifiHtrsm;pku ykHwlul;,lusifhokH;vmMuaomf

vnf; rSef;csufESif hESrf;xGufrudkufbJ EkdifiHrsm;\tajctaerSm &Sd&if;pG JrS aemufodkYyif jyefavQmusvmonfudkvnf; rSef;csufESif hESrf;xGufrudkufbJ EkdifiHrsm;\tajctaerSm &Sd&if;pG JrS aemufodkYyif jyefavQmusvmonfudk

vnf; rSef;csufESif hESrf;xGufrudkufbJ EkdifiHrsm;\tajctaerSm &Sd&if;pG JrS aemufodkYyif jyefavQmusvmonfudkvnf; rSef;csufESif hESrf;xGufrudkufbJ EkdifiHrsm;\tajctaerSm &Sd&if;pG JrS aemufodkYyif jyefavQmusvmonfudkvnf; rSef;csufESif hESrf;xGufrudkufbJ EkdifiHrsm;\tajctaerSm &Sd&if;pG JrS aemufodkYyif jyefavQmusvmonfudk

rMumcP awGY&wwfonf/ þonfrMumcP awGY&wwfonf/ þonf

rMumcP awGY&wwfonf/ þonfrMumcP awGY&wwfonf/ þonfrMumcP awGY&wwfonf/ þonf

rSm tar&duefjynfaxmifpk\ pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;MuD;aejcif;onfrSm tar&duefjynfaxmifpk\ pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;MuD;aejcif;onf

rSm tar&duefjynfaxmifpk\ pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;MuD;aejcif;onfrSm tar&duefjynfaxmifpk\ pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;MuD;aejcif;onfrSm tar&duefjynfaxmifpk\ pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;MuD;aejcif;onf Free Market

pepfudk usifhokH;½HkoufoufaMumifhr[kwfbJpepfudk usifhokH;½HkoufoufaMumifhr[kwfbJ

pepfudk usifhokH;½HkoufoufaMumifhr[kwfbJpepfudk usifhokH;½HkoufoufaMumifhr[kwfbJpepfudk usifhokH;½HkoufoufaMumifhr[kwfbJ

pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm; pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;

pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm; pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm; pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;yGm; Entrepreneurship

udk ckdifcd kifrmrm tm;ay;xm;jcif; udk ckdifcd kifrmrm tm;ay;xm;jcif;

udk ckdifcd kifrmrm tm;ay;xm;jcif; udk ckdifcd kifrmrm tm;ay;xm;jcif; udk ckdifcd kifrmrm tm;ay;xm;jcif;

aMumifhqdkonfudk owdrxm;rd? twkr,lrdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/aMumifhqdkonfudk owdrxm;rd? twkr,lrdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

aMumifhqdkonfudk owdrxm;rd? twkr,lrdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/aMumifhqdkonfudk owdrxm;rd? twkr,lrdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/aMumifhqdkonfudk owdrxm;rd? twkr,lrdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

,

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

39


uefjynfaxmifpk&Sd tvkyfvkyfudkifaeol

t&G,fa&mufNyD; 100 vQif 11 OD;onf

pGefYOD;wDxGifvkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifae

Muonf/ xdkolrsm;onf pGefYOD;wDxGif

vkyfief;rsm;udk pwifwnfaxmifaeol

rsm; odkYr[kwf xdkokH;ESpfcGJatmuf ouf

wrf;&Sd vkyfief;rsm;wGif OD;aqmiftcef;

u@rS yg0ifaeolrsm;/ xdktcsKd;tpm;

onf Oa&my&Sd rnfonfhEdkifiHxufrqdk

jrifhrm;NyD; G8 0if pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;BuD;

NAdwdefESifh *smreDxuf ESpfqeD;eD; ydkrdkjrifh

rm;onf/ US Census Bureau tar&d

uefppfwrf;XmeESifh tjcm;okawoet

zGJUtpnf;rsm;ujyKvkyfonfh okawoe

rsm;t& tvkyftudkifopftrsm;pkudk p

wifpvkyfief;rsm;u cefYtyfxm;onf/

tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif xdk

odkYaomukrÜPDrsm; ta&twGufa&m t

&nftcsif;t&yg tm;aumif;pGm wnf&Sd

aejcif;rSm vGwfvyfaomaps;uGufjzpf

ay:aponfh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;? pnf;

rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm; jy|mef;vdkuf½kHjzifh OHKzG

qdkNyD; tvkdtavsmufay:vmjcif;r

[kwfay/ Entrepreneur rsm;udk ysKd;

axmifay;&ef pepfwuswnfaqmuf

xm;onfh bufpkHaxmifhpkH pepfwpfck &Sd

aejcif;aMumifhjzpfNyD; xdkuJhodkYaompepf

rsdK;udk avhvmokH;oyfum rdrda&ajrESifh

vdkufzufatmif wnfaqmufjcif;jzifh

Entrepreneurial Economy ac: pGefYOD;

wDxGif pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;rIudk t&Sdefjr§ihf

wifEkdifayrnf/

Entrepreneur rsm;\tcef;u@

Entrepreneur rsm;onf tar&d

uef\ pD;yGm;a&;wGif t"duusaom t

cef;ESpfcef;rS ujyMuonf/ yxrt

csuftaejzifh olwdkYonf wDxGifzefwD;

rIudk armif;ESifonfhtif*sifrsm;jzpfonf/

'kwd, tcsuftaejzifh olwdkYonf pD;yGm;

a&;puf0ef;\ ta&;ay:vdktyfcsufrsm;

udk tqifajyacsmarGUatmif zefwD;

onf/ ukrÜPDopfrsm;? tvkyftudkif

opfrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,fopfrsm;

arG;zGm;jcif;wdkYonf 1990 jynfhESpfrsm;

wGif wHkYqkdif;aeonfh pD;yGm;a&;udk jyef

vnfxlrwfEkdifcJhonf/ *syefonf wD

xGifzefwD;EdkifpGrf;jrifhrm;onfh ukrÜPD

BuD;rsm;pGm&Sdaomfvnf; vlwpfOD;csif;pD\

pGefYOD;wDxGif pD;yGm;vkyfaqmifrIEIef;udk

EdkifiH 37 EkdifiHwGif wdkif;wmcJhonfhppf

wrf;ü atmufqkH;wGif &Sdaeonf/ xdkt

csufu *syefonf pD;yGm;a&;wkHYqdkif;rI

Mum&Snfaeaomfvnf; ½kef;rxGufEkdif

ao;jcif;udk &Sif;jyonf/

pGefYOD;wDxGif pD;yGm;onf tar&d

uefykHpH t&if;&SifpD;yGm;a&;pepfudk tjrJ

opfvGifvwfqwfaeaponf/ tjcm;

EdkifiHrsm;taejzifh tar&duef pGefYOD;wD

xGifpD;yGm;\ t"dutusqkH; tpdwft

ydkif;rsm;vnf;yg0ifNyD; wpfzufwGifvnf;

rdrdEkdifiHwGif wdkuf½dkuftokH;csEkdifonfh

armf',fvfwpfckudk &SmazG&rnf/

pGefhOD;wDxGifvkyfief;&Sifrsm;?t&G,fa&muf ukrÜPDMuD;rsm;? tpdk;&ESifUwuúodkvfrsm;

zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufaeaom Entrepre-

neurial Economy pGefYOD;wDxGif pD;yGm;

wpfckjzpfay:a&;wGif pGefYOD;wDxGifvkyf

ief;&Sifrsm;? t&G,fa&mufukrÜPDBuD;rsm;?

tpdk;&ESifh wuúodkvfrsm;[lí a'gufwdkif

av;ck &Sdonf/

pGefhOD;wDxGifvkyfief;&Sifrsm;yxra'gufwdkifwGif ukrÜPDopf

rsm;? wnfaxmifpvkyfief;rsm; wnf&Sd

onf/ xdkukrÜPDrsm;udk pwifwnf

axmifolrsm;onf odyÜHynm&Sifrsm;?

ukefypönf;opfwpfckudk wDxGifolrsm;jzpf

avh&Sdaomfvnf; trsm;tm;jzifh xdkokdYr

[kwfMuyg/ [kwf&efvnf; rvdkyg/ um;

xkwfvkyfa&;wGif '@m&Dqefqef armf

uGef;wifcH&olFord um;ukrÜPDwnf

axmifol Henry Ford onf armfawmf

um;udk wDxGifcJholr[kwfyg/ uGefysLwm

jzifhemrnfausmfol Michael Dell onf

vnf; uGefysLwmenf;ynm wpfckw

avudkrQ rwDxGifcJhyg/ olwdkYonf olwdkY

\vkyfief;rsm;udk xkwfvkyfa&;ESifh aps;

uGufwifa&; pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;ay:

wGif tajccHum wnfaxmifcJhMuonf/

xdkpdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;rSmvnf; &SdESifhae

NyD;om; oabmw&m;rsm;udk iSm;&rf;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

40


aygif;pyfzefwD;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/

vkyfief;opfrsm;? ukrÜPDopfrsm;

wnfaxmif&ef pdwful;pdwfoef;aumif;

&Sd½HkrQESifh rvkHavmuf/ aiG? t&nftcsif;

&Sd0efxrf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;vdktyfcsufrsm;pGm

&Sdaeygonf/ xdkt&mrsm;udk rnfolYxHrS

&rnfenf;/

pGefYOD;wDxGifrsm;onf tqdkygvdk

tyfcsufrsm;udk 'kwd,a'gufwdkifjzpf

onfh t&G,fa&mufukrÜPDBuD;rsm;xHrS

&avh&Sdonf/

pwifpvkyfief;rsm;onf tajccdkif

NyD; ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;udk aemufaumufcs

rnfh &efolozG,f wifpm;avh&Sdaomf

vnf; þtcsufonf rrSefyg/ olwdkY

onf uRef;udkif;rSDudkif;uRef;rDSjzpfonf/

pGefYOD;wDxGifrsm;ESifh ukrÜPDBuD;

rsm; tjyeftvSeftusdK;jyKykH rsm;pGm&Sd

onf/

yxrtcsuf/yxrtcsuf/

yxrtcsuf/yxrtcsuf/yxrtcsuf/ ukrÜPD&ifhrMuD;

rsm;onf wnfaxmifprsm;udk wDxGifzef

wD;rIrsm;&&Sd&m &if;jrpfaumif;rsm;tjzpf

owfrSwfvmNyD; xkdvkyfief;opf? ukrÜPD

opfrsm;u xkwfvkyfaomukefypönf;

rsm;? 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk 0,f,ltm;ay;

onfh azmufonfrsm;jzpfvmonf/

Oyrm-rdrdukrÜPD\pepfwGif tpdwf

tydkif;wpfcktjzpf wyfqifí&onfh txl;

aqmhzf0Jrsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vnfywfrIykHpH

rsm;udk ukrÜPDopfrsm;xHrS0,f,lonf/

'kwd,tcsuf/ 'kwd,tcsuf/

'kwd,tcsuf/ 'kwd,tcsuf/ 'kwd,tcsuf/ ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;

onf wnfaxmifpukrÜPDrsm;udk vlom;

t&if; tjrpfrsm; axmufyHhonf/ ÓPf

&nfjrifhjrifh BudK;BudK;pm;pm; pGefYOD;wDxGif

orm;vli,frsm;onf ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;

wGif tvkyf0ifvkyf? aiGaMu;ESifh t"du

tm;jzifh tawGUtBuHK&&SdNyD;rS udk,fydkif

vkyfief; wnfaxmifMujcif;jzpfonf/

wwd,tcsuf/wwd,tcsuf/

wwd,tcsuf/wwd,tcsuf/wwd,tcsuf/ ukrÜPDMuD;rsm;

onf rdrdwdkY\vkyfief; tpdwftydkif; t

csKdUudk wnfaxmifprsm;odkY vTJtyfvkyf

udkif (Outsource) aponf/

pwkw¬tcsuf/pwkw¬tcsuf/

pwkw¬tcsuf/pwkw¬tcsuf/pwkw¬tcsuf/ wnfaxmifpwdkY

u xkwfvkyfonfh ukefypönf;opf

aygufoGm;NyDqdkvQif ukrÜPD&ifhrBuD;wdkY

u 0,f,l0g;rsdKvdkufonf/ xdktcg

wnfaxmifol Entrepreneur wdkYonf

aiGaMu;MuG,f0oGm;NyD; ,if;wdkY\ pdwf

ul;pdwfoef;opfrsm;udk taumift

xnfazmfcGifh &&SdoGm;onf/

Entrepreneurial Economy \

wwd,a'gufwdkifrSm tpdk;&jzpfonf/

tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif A[kdtpdk;&

onf tcGefaumufcH&&SdaiGrS tcsKdUudk

okH;pGJNyD; vkyfief;opfrsm;udk jyKpkysdK;

axmifonf/ wDxGifzefwD;rI trsm;t

jym; ay:aygufaponfh umuG,fa&;ESifh

tmumopDrHudef;rsm;odkY &efykHaiGrsm;

xkwfay;jcif;onf enf;vrf;wpfvrf;

jzpfonf/ tifwmeufonf tar&duef

umuG,fa&; pDrHudef;wpfckrS aygufzGm;

vmcJhonf/ tpdk;&at*sifpDrsm;onf

Small Business Innovation Research

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

41


Program uJhodkY tpDtrHrsm;rSwpfqifh

ukrÜPDopfrsm;wGif tajrmuftjrm;&if;

EDS;jr§KyfESHMuonf/ xdkYjyif IT enf;ynm?

aq;ynm? odyÜHynm&yfrsm; tp&Sdonfh

ynm&yfrsdK;pkH okawoersm;twGuf &ef

ykHaiGrsm;pGm xkwfay;onf/ tar&duef

GDP wpfx&DvD,H (wpfx&DvD,H =

bDvD,Hwpfaxmif? wpfbDvD,Honf

oef;wpfaxmif) \ wpf&mckdifEIef;udk

okawoeESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf tokH;jyK

onf/ xdk&efykHaiGrsm;xJrS wcsKdUwpf0uf

onf tpdk;&\ okawoetzGJUtpnf;

rsm;ESifh yk*¾vduokawoetzGJYtpnf;

rsm;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;aomfvnf; trsm;pk

rSm Entrepreneurial Economy \

pwkw¦a'gufwkdifjzpfonfh tar&duef

wuúodkvfrsm;odkY pD;qif;oGm;onf/

tar&duefwuúodkvfrsm;onf

vkyfief;opfrsm;ay:xGef;a&;wGif ta&;

tBuD;qkH;jzpfaom pdwful;pdwfoef; Idea

opfrsm;udk ykHrSefxkwfvkyfay;aeonfh

puf½HkBuD;rsm;jzpfonf/ wuúodkvf\ ok

awoeudkjyKvkyfonfh ausmif;om;ESifh

q&m ta&twGufonf A[dktpdk;&ESifh

jynfe,ftpdk;&\ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;

aMumifh 1960 ESpfrsm;rSpí wpf[kefxdk;

wdk;wufvmonf/ wuúodkvfwpfckrS

awGU&Sdcsuftopf odkYr[kwf wDxGifrIwpf

ckonf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;ESihf pD;yGm;a&;

vkyfief;&Sifrsm;u pD;yGm;a&;wGif tokH;cs

&ef ukrÜPDwnfaxmifvdkufonfESifh pGefY

OD;wDxGifpD;yGm;e,fy,f twGif;odkYa&muf

&SdoGm;onf/ wuúodkvfonf ,if;\y&

0kPfwGif xkwfvkyfvdkufonfh wDxGif

awGU&SdrI rSwfykHwifrlydkifcGifhwdkif;twGuf

&S,f,ma0pk&ydkifcGifh&SdNyD; xdkwDxGifrIudk

tokH;csonfhukrÜPDopfwGif xdk&ydkifcGifh

t& tjrwfa0pk&S,f,m&rnf jzpfonf/

xdkodkY ukrÜPDopfrsm;ESifh wuú

odkvfrsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIt& ay:

xGufvmaom tusdK;tjrwfrSm tHhrcef;

rsm;jym;vSonf/ rufqmcsL;qufenf;

ynmwuúodkvf Massachusetts Insti-

tute of Technology-MIT wpfckwnf; u

xGufay:vmonf h ukr ÜPDrsm;\

wefzdk;pkpkaygif;onf urÇmwGif GDP

tjrifhqHk;pm&if;wGif eHygwf 24 csdwf

onfh EkdifiHwpfck\ GDP ESihf wlnDonf/

wuúokdvfrsm;u xdkukrÜPDrsm;xHrS &S,f

,mtjzpf&onfh 0ifaiGonfvnf; rsm;

jym;vSonf/ Carnegie Mellon Uni-

versity rS jrpfzsm;cHonfh Lycos ukrÜPD

rS&onfhaiGjzifh ,if;wuúokdvfwGif t

aqmufttkHBuD;BuD;wpfckESifh Xmeopf

wpfck zGifhvSpfEdkifcJhonf/ okawoe

ygarmu©rsm;onfvnf; wuúodkvfrS cGifh

,lNyD; ukrÜPDopfwpfckxlaxmif&mwGif

yg0ifwwfonf/ olwdkY\&mxl;rSm enf;

ynmt&m&SdcsKyf Chief Technology

Officer jzpfavh&SdNyD; ukrÜPD\vkyfief;

rsm;udk tawGUtBuHK&ifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyf

ief;&SifwpfOD;u OD;aqmifonf/

pGefhOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;wnfaqmuf&eftqifUrsm;

tar&duefEdkifiHuJhodkY zGHUNzdK;wdk;

wufonfh pGefYOD;wDxGif pD;yGm;wnf

aqmuf&mwGif tajccHtqifhrsm;udk OD;

pGmwnfaqmuf&rnf/ pGefYOD;wDxGifpD;

yGm;udktm;ay;onfh a&cHajrcHudk wnf

aqmuf&rnf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfck

wnfaxmif&ef vG,fulaponfh Oya'

tar&duefEdkifiHuJUodkY zGHY NzdK;wdk;wufonfU pGefhOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;wnfaqmuf&mwGif tajccHtqifUrsm;udk OD;pGmwnfaqmuf&rnf/ pGefhOD;wDxGifpD;yGm;udktm;ay;onfU a&cHajrcHudk wnfaqmuf&rnf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfckwnfaxmif&efvG,fulaponfUOya'rsm;? rl0g'rsm; jy|mef;ay;&rnf/ ukrÜPDopfxl&efvdkonfU aiGaMu;ESifU vlom;t&if;tjrpfrsm;vufvSrf; rDatmif zefwD;ay;&rnf/ tar&duefEdkifiHwGif ukrÜPDwpfckwnfaxmif&ef? aiGaMu;axmufyUH&ef? MuD;xGm;&ef?a&mif;cs&ef vG,fulatmif tar&duefOya'rsm;u zefwD;ay;xm;onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

42


rsm;? rl0g'rsm; jy|mef;ay;&rnf/ ukrÜPD

opfxl&ef vdkonfhaiGaMu;ESifh vlom;t

&if;tjrpfrsm; vufvSrf;rDatmif zefwD;

ay;&rnf/ tar&duefEdkifiHwGif ukrÜPD

wpfckwnfaxmif&ef? aiGaMu;axmufyhH

&ef? BuD;xGm;&ef? a&mif;cs&ef vG,ful

atmif tar&duefOya'rsm;u zefwD;

ay;xm;onf/ tar&duefjynfaxmifpk

wGif tar&duefEkdifiHom;wpfOD; ukrÜPD

opfwpfck xlaxmifrSwfykHwif&ef aeY

0ufom Mumonf/ xdkYjyif tar&duef

tcGefOya'rsm;onf ukrÜPDopfrsm;odkY

aiGaMu;axmufyHh&ef qGJaqmiftm;ay;

xm;onf/ a'0gvDcHOya' Bankrupt-

cy Law rsm;uvnf; t½IH;ay:ukrÜPD

wpfckudk enf;vrf;wus zsufodrf;&m

wGif vG,fulap&ef jyKvkyfxm;onf/ xdkY

aMumifh aiGaMu;axmufyhHvkdol a<u;&Sif

rsm;twGuf aiGaMu;qkH;½IH;rnfh tEå&m,f

udk avsmhyg;apNyD; ukrÜPDzsuf&rnfh pGefY

OD;wDxGiform;twGufvnf; vkyfief;

opf tjrefpEdkifaponf/

zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHtcsKdUwGifrl tcsdefukef

NyD; aps;BuD;onfh BudK;eDpepfaMumifh pD;

yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfck pwif&efrSm cufcJ

avh&Sdonf/ xdkEdkifiHrsm;&Sd pGefYOD;wDxGif

orm;rsm;ESifh aiG&SifaMu;&Sifrsm;onf xdk

tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfEkdif

&eftwGuf Oya'jyify&Sd rsOf;NydKifpD;yGm;

wpfckudk wnfaxmifavh&Sdonf/ xdkt

cgwGif tpdk;&onf tcGeftcr&&Sdawmh

ay/ odkY&mwGif pGefYOD;wDxGiform;rsm;t

wGuf tBuD;rm;qkH; qkH;½IH;rIwpfckrSm xdk

odkY Oya'tywGif a&mufaeaomaMumifh

xdkvkyfief;rsm;onf vdktyfonfh BuD;

BuD;rm;rm;&if; ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm; r&&Sdjcif;?

uRrf;usifynm &Sifrsm; r&&SdEkdifjcif;? ol

wkdY\ydkifqdkifrIrsm;udk tumtuG,fr&&Sd

jcif;? ydkifqdkifrIrsm;udk ra&TUajymif;Ekdifjcif;

ponfh tcuftcJrsm;yifjzpfonf/ wpf

enf;tm;jzifh tpdk;&vnf; tcGeftcrsm;

r&? Entrepreneur rsm;vnf; xdkufoifh

oavmuf tusKd;cHpm;cGifhr& rdat;ESpf

cgemjzpf&yf/ Official Economy w&m;

0ifpD;yGm;a&;rSmrl oD;oefYukrÜPDBuD;rsm;?

wnfqJvkyfief;rsm;? twGif;yk*¾dKvfrsm;

omvkyfukdifEkdifavh&Sdonf/

b,frSm zGHY NzdK;ovJEntrepreneurial Economy onf

a'gufwdkifav;ckvkH;udk tav;xm; *½k

pdkufonfhEdkifiHrsm;wGif zGHUNzdK;onf/ w

½kwfEdkifiHonf xdkuJhodkYtav;xm;onfh

zGHUNzdK;qJEdkifiHjzpfonf/ Entrepreneur-

ship udk tm;ay;onfhrl0g'rsm;csrSwf

onfhtjyif wuúodkvfwuf&ef t&G,f

a&mufaeonfhvli,frsm;tm; wuú

odkvfynma&; &,lEdkif&ef wGef;tm;ay;

onf/ enf;ynmedrfhvkyfief;rsm;ESifh em

rnf&aeonfh w½kwfEkdifiHonf enf;

ynmjrifhvkyfief;rsm;udk wnfaxmif&ef

txl;tm;ay;onf/

Four-sector model onf rnf

onfhEdkifiHwGifrqdk vufawGUtokH;csEkdif

onf/ taemufwGifom tokH;csí&

onf? ta&SUwGiftokH;csír&[lí r&Sd

yg/ a&cHajrcHaumif;apa&;? rufvkH;rsm;

zefwD;ay;a&;om ta&;BuD;ygonf/

rif;ndKpHrif;ndKpH

rif;ndKpHrif;ndKpHrif;ndKpH

Ref: Building EntrepreneurialEconomies. Carl Schramm

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

48

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;tjriff

ay:&Sd vlom;rsm;pGmwdkYrSm csKdUcsKdUiJhiJhrae&a&;? BuD;yGm;csrf;omatmifay:&Sd vlom;rsm;pGmwdkYrSm csKdUcsKdUiJhiJhrae&a&;? BuD;yGm;csrf;omatmif

ay:&Sd vlom;rsm;pGmwdkYrSm csKdUcsKdUiJhiJhrae&a&;? BuD;yGm;csrf;omatmifay:&Sd vlom;rsm;pGmwdkYrSm csKdUcsKdUiJhiJhrae&a&;? BuD;yGm;csrf;omatmifay:&Sd vlom;rsm;pGmwdkYrSm csKdUcsKdUiJhiJhrae&a&;? BuD;yGm;csrf;omatmif

jrifrIrsm;jzifh &yfwnfEkdifa&;twGuf yHkoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;aom pD;yGm;jrifrIrsm;jzifh &yfwnfEkdifa&;twGuf yHkoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;aom pD;yGm;

jrifrIrsm;jzifh &yfwnfEkdifa&;twGuf yHkoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;aom pD;yGm;jrifrIrsm;jzifh &yfwnfEkdifa&;twGuf yHkoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;aom pD;yGm;jrifrIrsm;jzifh &yfwnfEkdifa&;twGuf yHkoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;aom pD;yGm;

a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufaeMu&ouJhodkY topfjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufaeMu&ouJhodkY topfjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyf

a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufaeMu&ouJhodkY topfjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufaeMu&ouJhodkY topfjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufaeMu&ouJhodkY topfjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyf

ief;rsm; BuHqaqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGufvnf; pdwfa&mudk,fyg BudK;pm;tm;ief;rsm; BuHqaqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGufvnf; pdwfa&mudk,fyg BudK;pm;tm;

ief;rsm; BuHqaqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGufvnf; pdwfa&mudk,fyg BudK;pm;tm;ief;rsm; BuHqaqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGufvnf; pdwfa&mudk,fyg BudK;pm;tm;ief;rsm; BuHqaqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGufvnf; pdwfa&mudk,fyg BudK;pm;tm;

xkwfaeMuonfudk ,cif? ,ckumvrsm;wGifomru tem*wfumvüvnf;xkwfaeMuonfudk ,cif? ,ckumvrsm;wGifomru tem*wfumvüvnf;

xkwfaeMuonfudk ,cif? ,ckumvrsm;wGifomru tem*wfumvüvnf;xkwfaeMuonfudk ,cif? ,ckumvrsm;wGifomru tem*wfumvüvnf;xkwfaeMuonfudk ,cif? ,ckumvrsm;wGifomru tem*wfumvüvnf;

Mum;odjrifawGUaeMu&OD;rnfrSm {uefjzpfonf/Mum;odjrifawGUaeMu&OD;rnfrSm {uefjzpfonf/

Mum;odjrifawGUaeMu&OD;rnfrSm {uefjzpfonf/Mum;odjrifawGUaeMu&OD;rnfrSm {uefjzpfonf/Mum;odjrifawGUaeMu&OD;rnfrSm {uefjzpfonf/

vlrIa&;pGefhOD;wDxGif&Jrif;OD;

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;opfrsm;

udk BuHqpGefYpm; trsm;xufOD;pGm t

aumiftxnfazmfaeolrsm;udk Business

Entrepreneurs [k owfr Swfxm;

Muonf/ tqdkygyk*d¾Kvfrsm;wGif xkwf

ukefopfrsm;zefwD;xkwfvkyfa&;? yHkpHopf

xGifa&mif;0,fa&;? vkyfief;qkdif&m pDrH

cefYcGJaqmif&GufrIyHkpHopf csrSwfusifhoHk;

a&; ponfwdkYESifhywfoufí tdkif'D,m

opfrsm;pGm &Sdae\/ tESDyk*d ¾Kvfrsm;

aMumifh pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,fBuD;rSm vIyf&Sm;

ouf0ifaeonf/ wGef;tm;opfrsm;

ay: xGufaejcif; jzpfonf/

odkYaomf . . . urÇmay:wGif a&S;um

vrsm;uxuf a&m*gb,xlajymrI?

qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI? pm;eyf&du©mcsKdUwJhrI?

obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrIwdkY jzpf

ay:rIa&csdefjrifhvmaomtcg vlYtzGJUt

pnf;BuD;twGif;ü pGefYOD;wDxGifaqmif

&Gufrnfholrsm; ydkrdkay:xGufvm&ef vdktyf

aeNyDjzpfygonf/ Business Entrepre-

neurs r[kwfyg/ Social Entrepreneur

ac: vlrIa&;vkyfief; pGefYOD;wDxGifaqmif

&Gufrnfholrsm; ydkdrdkvdktyfvmjcif;yif/

vlrIa&;pGefhOD;wDxGifolvlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifolwpfOD;qdkonf

rSm vlrIa&;jyóem? tusyftwnf;?

tcuftcJjzpfrIwpf&yfudk jzpfpOfoabm

obm0ESifhwuG aumif;pGmem;vnf

oabmaygufxm;oljzpfNyD; ,if;udpö

tay: pGefYOD;wDxGifaqmif&Gufjcif;qkdif

&mrlrsm;udk toHk;csí csOf;uyfajz&Sif;rI

jyKEkdif&ef pkzGJUrIjyKjcif;? tdkif'D,mopfrsm;

azmfxkwfaqmif&Gufjcif;? Social Change

ac: vlrIa&;qkdif&m oGifjyifvu©Pm

tajymif;tvJjzpfvmap&ef pDrHcefYcGJBudK;

yrf;jcif;wdkYjyKvkyfaomyk*d¾Kvfjzpfonf/

vlrIa&;pGef YOD;wDxGifoljzpfa&;wGif

trsKd;om;jzpfaejcif;? trsKd;orD;jzpfae

jcif;wdkYrSm tc&mrusay/ Business En-

trepreneur wpfOD;uJhodkY tusKd;tjrwf

jyef&vdkaompdwfvnf;r&Sd/ OD;wnf&m

vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; aumif;jrwfaom

&nf&G,fvkyfaqmifrIrsm;jzifh xdxda&muf

a&mufatmifjrifa&;udkoma&S;½Iwwfol

jzpfonf/ tusKd;tjrwfudpö xnfhrpOf;

pm;bJ &nf&G,fcsufwl&m vlyk*d¾KvftoD;

oD;\ axmufuefyl;aygif;rIrsm;jzifh

&nf&G,fcsufudk taumiftxnfazmfEkdif

pGrf;&Sdoljzpfonf/ Social Entrepreneur

wpfOD;onf yk*¾vduu@rSom ay:xGuf

vmrnf odkYr[kwf tpdk;&u@rS ay:

xGufvm&rnf[laom owfrSwfcsuf

r&Sd/

oufqkdif&m vlYtodkuft0ef;rsm;

urÇm

jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;tjriff

þu@wGif . . . . .þu@wGif . . . . .

þu@wGif . . . . .þu@wGif . . . . .þu@wGif . . . . .

4848

484848

vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifvlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGif

vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifvlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifvlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGif

5252

525252

trSm;rsm;ESif hzG HUNzdK;a&;trSm;rsm;ESif hzG HUNzdK;a&;

trSm;rsm;ESif hzG HUNzdK;a&;trSm;rsm;ESif hzG HUNzdK;a&;trSm;rsm;ESif hzG HUNzdK;a&;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

49


twGif; vlrIa&;tajctaersm; ajymif;

vJwkd;wufvmap&ef BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmif

avh&Sdaom vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifyk*d¾Kvf

rsm;\ tEdÅr&nfrSef;csufrSm todtrSwf

jyKcH&a&;r[kwf/ urÇmausmfjzpfa&;r

[kwf? qkwHqdyf&a&;r[kwf? MoZmwuf

a&;r[kwf? vltrsm;\b0rsm;udk wkd;

wufajymif;vJaumif;rGefvmapa&;om

jzpfonf[k urÇmhbPfu nTef;qdkxm;

onf/ urÇmay:wGif tatmifjrifqHk;

jzpfoGm;onfh pGefYOD;wDxGifolrsm;rSm vlrI

a&;pGefYOD;wDxGifolrsm;omjzpfonf[k

[m;AwfwuúodkvfrS vlrIa&;odyHÜynm

&Sif ygarmu© 'efeD,,fbJvfu qkdyg

onf/ urÇmwpfcGifü 1980 jynfhESpfvGef

umvrsm;rSpí Social Entrepreneur-

ship qdkaombmom&yf wGifus,fvm

onf/ NAdwdef? e,fomvef? tar&duef

jynfaxmifpkwdkYwGif Social Entrepreneur

School rsm; ay:xGufvmonf/

trSefpifppf vlrIzlvHka&;? ynma&;?

usef;rma&;u@rsm;ESifhywfoufí vlrI

a&;pGefYOD;wDxGifaqmif&GufrIrsm;rSm 19

&mpkESifh 20 &mpkESpfrsm;twGif; pwifjzpf

xGef;tm;aumif;vmjcif;jzpfygonf/

Social Entrepreneur rsm;rSm Social

Enterprise rsm;xlaxmifí tvkyfvkyf

Mujcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh zavm

&ifhpfEdkufwifa*;vfu urÇmhyxrqHk; ol

emjyKoifwef;ausmif;xlaxmifí acwf

rDolemjyKvkyfief;pOfrsm; BuHqwDxGifNyD;

usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrIvkyfief;rsm;

aqmif&Gufjcif;? a&mbwftdk0ifu or

0g,rvkyfief;rsm; BuHqzefwD;aqmif

&Gufjcif;/

Social Entrepreneurship ESifh ywf

oufí trnfMum;vQif rsuf0ef;xJyHk

azmfMunfhEkdifrnfhyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;udk nTef;

vdkygonf/ b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH&Sd Gra-

meen Bank xlaxmifoleJY pDrHcefYcGJtkyf

csKyfol rdk[mruf,lEGwfpf jzpfonf/

2006 ckESpf urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;Ekdb,fqk

csD;jr§ifhcH&ol rpöwm,lEGwfpf\ vlrIa&;

pGefYOD;wDxGifvkyfaqmifrIrSm pdwf0ifpm;

zG,fjzpf\/ b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHom; qif;

&JEGrf;yg;onfh rdom;pkrsm;pGmudk udk,fydkif

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfEkdifa&;twGuf &Sif;vif;

aumif;rGefaom bPfvkyfief;pOfopf

rsm; azmfaqmifcsrSwfNyD; aiGaMu;t&if;

tEDS;udpöESifhywfoufí rsufESmri,fMu

&ap&ef rdk[mruf,lEGwfpfu pDrHt

aumiftxnfazmfay;onf/ pD;yGm;a&;rl

rsm;udk jyKjyifrGrf;rHí vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm;

ü xdxda&mufa&muf toHk;csvdkufjcif;

jzpfonf/ (rpöwm ,lEGwfpf\ pDrHvkyf

aqmifrIrsm;? tusKd;&v'frsm;udk aqmif;

yg;wpfyk'fjzifh wifjyygOD;rnf/) EkdifiHw

umwGif vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifaqmif&Guf

rIvkyfvdkolrsm; ,lEGwfpfudk erlem,lonf

txdjzpfaeqJ/

rsufarSmufurÇmwGif tusKd;tjrwf

a&S;½Ijcif;r&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpkd;

&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? azmifa';

&Sif;rsm;? wpfoD;yk*¾vvlrIa&;a&S;½Iaqmif

&Gufolrsm;? vlrIa&;&efyHkaiGtzGJUrsm;?

tpdk;&rsm; ausmaxmufaemufcHjyK vlrI

a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; tvGefrsm;jym;pGm&Sd

aeonfudk tvG,fwul jrifawGUEkdif

onf/ vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifolrsm;udk t

BuHay;vkyfaeonfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSm

vnf; ta&twGuftawmfrsm;onf/

Social Entrepreneurship ESifh ywfouf

í avhusifhoifMum;ydkYcsay;aeaom

wuúodkvfrsm;? aumvdyfrsm;rSmvnf;

wpfyHkwpfyif/ vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifol

rsm;udk Change-makers rsm;[k uifyGef;

wyfvsuf&Sdaeonf/ Fast Company qdk

onfh r*¾Zif;wpfapmifrSm ESpfpOf urÇmh

txl;cRefqHk; vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifol 25

OD;pm&if;udk yHkrSefjyKpkxkwfjyefay;onf/

International Business Leaders Forum

(IBLF) qdkonfh NGO tzGJUu Socail

Entrepreneurship tay: Ek di fi Hp H k

pD;yGm;a&;ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;u rnfodkYrnfyHk

axmufyHhrIjyKoifhonf? jyKí&onf? jyK

&efwm0ef&Sdonf qkdonfukd BuHqazmf

aqmifay;vsuf&Sdonf/

pGrf;aqmifEkdifrIvlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGif yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;

tjzpf owfrSwfí&Ekdifonfh t"dyÜm,f

zGifhqdkcsufESifh vlrIa&;u@ü pGefYOD;wD

xGifolwpfOD; ajz&Sif;vkyfaqmifEkdifrnfh

vkyfief;yrmPus,f0ef;rIrSm pD;yGm;a&;

pGefYOD;wDxGifyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;xuf euf½Idif;

onf[k twdtusqdkEkdifonf/ yDwm

'&yfum;\tqdku &Sif;onf/ Social

Entrepreneur wpfOD;jzpf&efrSm wuúodkvf

wpfckxlaxmifvkdufjcif;jzifh rvHkavmuf

[l\/ pD;yGm;a&;pGefYOD;wDxGif yk*d¾Kvfu

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfwpfckvHk;udk tdkif'D

,mopfjzifh toGifajymif;onf/ vlrIa&;

pGefYOD;wDxGifyk*d¾Kvfrsm;rSmum; vlYtzGJU

tpnf;wpf&yf&yf\ Change Agent tjzpf

wm0ef,ljcif;jzpfonf/ tusKd;tjrwf

rsufarSmufurÇmwGif tusKd;tjrwfa&S;½Ijcif;r&Sdaom tzGJYtpnf;rsm;? tpkd;&r[kwfaomtzGJYtpnf;rsm;?azmifa';&Sif;rsm;? wpfoD;yk*¾vvlrIa&;a&S;½Iaqmif&Gufolrsm;? vlrIa&;&efyHkaiGtzGJYrsm;? tpdk;&rsm; ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKvlrIa&;tzGJYtpnf;rsm; tvGefrsm;jym;pGm&Sdaeonfudk tvG,fwuljrifawGYEkdifonf/ vlrIa&;pGefhOD;wDxGifolrsm;udk tBuHay;vkyfaeonfU tzGJYtpnf;rsm;rSmvnf; ta&twGuf tawmfrsm;onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

50


xuf vlrIa&;wefzdk; (Social Value) udk

tav;xm;&onf/ Social Value

twGuf aumif;rGefxda&mufonfhtajz

rsm;udk &Smay;&onf/ qdkif&mvlom;rsm;

twGuf ½Iaxmifhopfwpf&yfjzifh tcGifh

tvrf;opfrsm;udk azmfaqmifay;&

onf/ ulnDyHhydk;ay;rIoufoufjyKvkyf

olr[kwf/ Small-Scale Effect rsm;udk

pdwf0ifpm;aeír&/ aq;NrD;wdkjzifh uko

vdkolrjzpf&/ a&&SnfjzpfxGef;atmif pGrf;

aqmifEkdif&rnf/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ rnf

onfhtpdwftykdif;wpf&yf a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;

wdk;wuf&ef vdktyfaeonf? ,if;vdktyf

csufjznfhqnf;a&;twGuf rnfonfh

enf;edó,topfrsm;jzifh tvkyfvkyf&

rnf? xdkodkYvkyfjcif;onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;

\ useftpdwftydkif;rsm;udkyg rnfodkYrnf

yHk oufa&mufrI&Sdap&rnf? vkyfaqmifrI

onf umvH? a'oH udkufnDrI&Sdae&rnf

ponfhtcsufrsm;udk aumif;pGmodrS

Social Entrepreneurship vkyfEdkifrnf[k

owfrSwfMuygonf/

vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifolwpfOD;ü

Vision ? Mission aumif;rsm; &Sd&rnf

jzpfouJhodkY ¤if;taejzifh Committed

Person wpfOD;jzpfae&efvnf; vdktyf

onf/ urÇmhvlYtzG JUtpnf;twGuf

aumif;usKd;aqmifMuOf;ay;cJhonfh vlrI

a&;pGefYOD;wDxGifyk*d¾KvftcsKdUESifh ¤if;wdkY\

pGrf;aqmifcJhrIrsm;udk atmufygtwkdif;

awGU&ygonf/

(1) qlqefbDtefoGefeD (tar&d

uef)-trsKd;orD;rsm;\ &ydkifcGifhrsm;&&Sd

a&;twGuf aqmif&GufcJhonf/

(2) ADEdkbDbD[mAD (tdEd,) tdEd,

EGrf;yg;jynfolrsm;twGuf v,fpdkuf{u

aygif; ckepfoef;&Sdvmap&ef Land Gift

Movement jzifh taumiftxnfazmfcJh

onf/

(3) a';Apfba&mif0g (tar&d

uef) - urÇmay:wGif obm0ywf0ef;

usifxdef;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm; us,f

jyefYjzpfxGef;vmapa&; vkyfaqmifcJh

onf/

(4) rm&D,mrGefwufqdk&D (tDw

vD)-EkdifiHwumü uav;rsm;ynmoif

Mum;Ekdifa&; OD;aqmiftaumiftxnf

azmfjycJhonf/

(5) zavm&ifhpfEkdufwifa*;vf

(NAdwdef)- olemjyKvkyfief;rsm; acwfrD

xGef;um;a&; pGrf;aqmifcJhonf/

(6) *pfzdkY'fyif;cRwf (tar&duef)

-opfawmu@ta&;ygyHkudk EkdifiHwum

odkY odjrifapcJhNyD; opfyifopfawm xdef;

odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhonf/

(7) z&uf'&pf0Dvf[rf½kdifzuf

qef (*smreD)-aus;vufa'orsm;wGif

tao;pm;acs;aiGvkyfief;rsm; xlaxmif

ay;jcif;jzifh a<u;NrDcGJa0csxm;rIpepf

aumif; azmfaqmifcJhonf/

(*) tDb&m[iftmblvD&Spf (tD

*spf) -pdkufysKd;a&;? aq;0g;xkwfvkyfa&;?

ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif tD*spfvlYtzGJU

tpnf;twGuf xJxJ0if0ifaqmif&Guf

aeonf/

(9) eDudkvfyfpfcsef (pifumyl)-

tm&SwkdufwGif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifBuD;

rsm; vlrIa&;u@wdk;wufa&;twGuf

yg 0ifyl;aygif;yHhydk;vmap&ef xJxJ0if0if

aqmif&Gufaeonf/

(10) tDvmbD[wf (tdEd´,)-

trsKd;orD;rsm; udk,fxludk,fxvkyfief;

rsm;aqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGuf SEWA

[laom tzGJUtpnf;xlaxmifí wpdkuf

rwfrwf taumiftxnfazmfvsuf&Sd

onf/

vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpfck\ vkdtyf

csufrsm;rSm trsKd;tpm;pHkvifrsm;jym;

ouJhokdY yrmPtuefYtowfxm;í

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

51


vnf;r&yg/ Non profit a&S;½ItzGJUt

pnf;trsm;pkrSm tpkd;&rsm;ESifh &efyHkaiG

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ axmufulrIjzifh c&D;

qufaeMuonf/ ppfrSefonfh Social

Enterprise rsm;twGuf &efyHkaiG&a&;

udpörSm tvkyfcufvSovkd &efyHkaiGESifh

,HkMunfrI &&Sdonfhtaetxm;rSmvnf;

usKHU0ifvsuf&Sdaeonf/ Business En-

terprise rsm;u Social Enterprise rsm;

ESifhtNydKif vlYtzGJUtpnf;vkdtyfcsufrsm;

jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdifa&;wGif 0ifa&muf

aqmif&GufrIrsm;vnf;&Sdaeonf/ tvSL

&Sifrsm;? &efyHkaiGrwnfay;olrsm;twGuf

wm0ef,lrI? wm0efcHEkdifrIawmif;qkd

csufrsm; jyif;xeftm;aumif;aeonf/

Social Entrepreneur rsm;twGuf pdef

ac:rIrsm;pGm&Sdaejcif; jzpfygonf/

wu,fwrf;qkd&vQif EkdifiHtoD;

oD;ü ppfrSefonfh vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGif

yk*¾dKvfrsm; ykdrkday:xGef;vm&ef vkdtyfae

NyDjzpfonf/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;vkdtyfcsuf

ukd em;vnfEkdifpGrf;&Sdaom? vlYusifh0wf

ESifhnDñGwfaom? pGrf;aqmifay;EkdifrIukd

us,fus,fjyefYjyefYvkyfaqmifEkdifaom?

vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifyk*¾dKvfrsm;u vlrI

a&;vkdtyfcsufrsm;twGuf tkdif'D,mopf

rsm;jzifh azmfaqmifay;EkdifpGrf;&Sdaeaom

EkdifiHrsm;\tem*wfrSm wpfcsdefcsdefü pD;

yGm;a&;z½kdz&JjzpfrI MuHKvmrnfqkdvQif

yif jynfwGif;vlrIa&;u@ oefpGrf;ae

rnfjzpfí pdefac:rIrsm;ukd &yfqkdifEkdifrnf

[k urÇmhbPfrS ynm&Sifrsm;u qkdMu

onf/ urÇmhbPfonf Social Entre-

preneurship zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf tkdif'D

,mopfrsm;&Sdonfhwkdif vkyfief;p&ef &ef

yHkaiGr&Sdjzpfaeolrsm;twGuf Develop-

ment Marketplace [laom tpDtpOf

jzifh yHhykd;ay;aeygonf/ (World Bank

Website wGif avhvmMunfhyg/)

csdefwefNyDuREkfyfwkdY jrefrmEkdifiHwGif em*pf

rkefwkdif;vGefumvjzpfaom rsufarSmuf

tcsdefü yHkoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;aom Social

Enterprise rsm; ykdrkday:xGufvmonfrSm

tm;vHk;todjzpfygonf/ Pre-Nargis

umvrsm;uvnf;&SdcJhonf/ okdY&mwGif

vlYtzGJUtpnf;\vkdtyfcsufwpf&yftwGuf

&nf&G,fcsufaumif;&Sdaom? &nfrSef;

csufESifhvkyfaqmifrIrsm; jynfhpHkaumif;

rGefaom? r[mAsL[maumif; csrSwf

taumiftxnfazmfEk difpGrf;&S daom?

&if;jrpfjynfhpHkaom? &v'faumif;rsm;&

rnf[k tckdiftrm,HkMunf&aom vlrI

a&;pGefYOD;wDxGifyk*¾dKvfrsm; ay:xGufvm

&ef vkdtyfaeqJjzpfonf[k qkdcsifyg

onf/ wpfoD;yk*¾v vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wD

xGifolrsm; okdYr[kwf &nfrSef;csufwl yl;

aygif;xm;onfh vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifol

rsm; tckdiftrm&Sdvma&;twGuf rnf

onfh Player rsm;u rnfokdYaom tcif;

tusif;rsm;jzifh yHkazmfMurnfqkdonfh

udpötwGuf ]csdefwefNyD} [k rD;armif;xkd;

wifjyvkdygonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif&Sdaom Social En-

trepreneur rsm; (Oyrm-OD;vSxGef;

arwåm&dyfrGefuifqmazmifa';&Sif;) So-

cial Entreprice rsm; (Oyrm-ema&;ul

nDrItoif;) wkdYuJhokdYaom vlrIa&;pGefYOD;

wDxGifvkyfaqmifrIrsm; ykdrkdtm;aumif;

armif;oefwnfwHhjzpfxGef;a&;omru

tkdif'D,mtopfrsm; azmfxkwfaqmif

&Gufvmrnfh vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGifyk*¾dKvf?

tzGJUtpnf;rsm; vkdtyfaeNyD[k qkdvkd&if;

jzpfonf/

om"utm;jzifh v,form;rsm;

0ifaiGwkd;vma&;? vpmenf; tvkyfo

rm;rsm; tykd0ifaiGwkd;vma&;? trsKd;o

rD;rsm; tkd;ruGmtdrfruGm ukd,fxlukd,f

xvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufEkdifrI&Sdvm

a&;? pGrf;tifoHk;pGJrIjcdK;jcHEkdifrnfh enf;

vrf;aumif;rsm;&Sdvma&;? oefY&Sif;aom

aomufoHk;a&rsm; aps;EIef;csKdompGmjzifh

vG,fvifhwul&&Sda&;? wpfykdifwpfEkdif pD;

yGm;&SmEkdifrItcGifhtvrf;opfrsm; ay:

xGufvma&;? ynma&;ESifh tvkyftukdif

&&Sda&; aygif;ul;vkyfief;opfrsm; jzpf

xGef;vma&;? pkdufysKd;a&;u@ a&&Snf

zGHUNzdK;tjyefYus,fvma&; tp&Sdonfh

acgif;pOfrsm;atmufwGif Social Entre-

preneurship vkyfief;pOfrsm;pGmukd vkyf

aqmifEkdifygrnf/ vlrIa&;pGefYOD;wDxGif

vkyfief;rsm;rSm a&&Snfaqmif&GufEkdifrS

om aumif;rGefayrnf/ ,if;vkyfief;rsm;

ay:xGef;wnfwHha&;twGuf qkdif&m

Stakeholder tm;vHk;taejzifh oHk;oyf

tajz&SmMu&ef vkdtyfaeNyDjzpfygonf/

vlYtzGJY tpnf;vkdtyfcsufukd em;vnfEkdifpGrf;&Sdaom? vlYusifU0wfESifUnDñGwfaom? pGrf;aqmifay;EkdifrIukdus,fus,fjyefhjyefhvkyfaqmifEkdifaom? vlrIa&;pGefhOD;wDxGifyk*¾dKvfrsm;u vlrIa&;vkdtyfcsufrsm;twGuf tkdif'D,mopfrsm;jzifUazmfaqmifay;EkdifpGrf;&SdaeaomEkdifiHrsm;\tem*wfrSm wpfcsdefcsdefü pD;yGm;a&;z½kdz&JjzpfrI MuHKvmrnfqkdvQifyif jynfwGif;vlrIa&;u@ oefpGrf;aernfjzpfí pdefac:rIrsm;ukd&yfqkdifEkdifrnf[k urÇmhbPfrSynm&Sifrsm;uqkdMuonf/

&Jrif;OD;&Jrif;OD;

&Jrif;OD;&Jrif;OD;&Jrif;OD;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

52


trSm;rsm;ESifU zGHY NzdK;a&;EGJYaucdkif

aMumifh tqkdygEkdifiHrsm;udk axmufyHhae

onfh EkdifiHBuD;rsm;ESifh tzJGUtpnf;BuD;

rsm;tzdkY auseyfaumif;auseyfygvdrfh

rnf/ odkYaomf pD;yGm;a&;t&zGHUNzdK;vm

jcif;? urÇmhaps;uGufESifh csdwfqufrdvm

jcif;onf wpfurÇmvHk;udk vTrf;NcHKEkdifNyD

[k rqkdEkdifyg/ txl;ojzifh tmz&du

EkdifiHrsm;? vufwiftar&duEkdifiHrsm;ESifh

tv,ftm&SEkdifiHtcsKdUrSm 'Hk&if;'Hk&if;

tajctaerSrwufbJ rGJNrJrG Jaeao;

onfudk awGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaMumifh

yifvQif Donor rsm;taejzifh ¤if;wdkY

taxmuftyHhrsm;rSm ]ay;um;ay;\

r&} [laomtjzpfrS vGwfuif;&av

atmif vuf&SdwnfqJtultnDay;yHk

ay;enf;rsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef vdk

tyfaeaMumif; &dyfpm;rdvmMuygonf/

ppfat;umvtNyD;aemufwGif zGHUNzdK;a&;

tultnDrsm;rSm ,cifxufydkí tpGrf;

xufvmoifhaMumif; oabmaygufvm

MuNyD;jzpfonf/ tpGrf;&Sd&eftwGuf zGHUNzdK;

NyD;EkdifiHBuD;rsm;u zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;twGuf

ay;aeaom taxmuftyHhyrmP ydkBuD;

vm½HkESifhrvHkavmufbJ taxmuftyHhay;yHk

ay;enf;udkyg jyif&efvdktyfaeNyDjzpfonf/

Living Color taejzifh eefpD\pm

wrf;udk rlvpma&;ol\tmabmf rysuf

apbJ jrefrmEkdifiH\ pmzwfy&dowfrsm;

ESif hvdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfatmif wif

quf&mwGif wpfvESifhtjywfcsKHUí a&;

om;azmfjyEkdifrnf[k rxifaomaMumifh

,ckvwGif eefpDaxmufjycJhaom Donor

trSm;rsm;xJrS tajccHtusqkH; yxr

qHk;trSm;BuD;wpfcsufudk azmfjyvdkuf&

ygonf/ useftrSm;rsm;udk aemifvmrnfh

Living Color r*¾Zif;twGJrsm;ü tvsOf;

oifhovdk qufvufazmfjyoGm;ygrnf/

1990 ckESpfrsm;udk jyefoHk;oyfMunfh

vQif urÇmhzGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;rSm pD;yGm;a&;

t& ododomom wkd;wufvmaom

enter for global development onf 0g&Sifweftajcpdkuf onf 0g&Sifweftajcpdkuf

onf 0g&Sifweftajcpdkuf onf 0g&Sifweftajcpdkuf onf 0g&Sifweftajcpdkuf Think Tank

wpfckjzpfonf/ EkdifiHwumzGHUNzdK;a&; wpfckjzpfonf/ EkdifiHwumzGHUNzdK;a&;

wpfckjzpfonf/ EkdifiHwumzGHUNzdK;a&; wpfckjzpfonf/ EkdifiHwumzGHUNzdK;a&; wpfckjzpfonf/ EkdifiHwumzGHUNzdK;a&;

ESifhywfoufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmudk okawoejyKaeaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckjzpfNyD; qif;&JrGJawrIwkdufESifhywfoufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmudk okawoejyKaeaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckjzpfNyD; qif;&JrGJawrIwkduf

ESifhywfoufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmudk okawoejyKaeaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckjzpfNyD; qif;&JrGJawrIwkdufESifhywfoufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmudk okawoejyKaeaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckjzpfNyD; qif;&JrGJawrIwkdufESifhywfoufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmudk okawoejyKaeaom tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckjzpfNyD; qif;&JrGJawrIwkduf

zsufa&;? EkdifiHrsm;Mum; "euGm[rIusOf;ajrmif;vmapa&;twGuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpktygt0if csrf;omaomEkdifiHzsufa&;? EkdifiHrsm;Mum; "euGm[rIusOf;ajrmif;vmapa&;twGuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpktygt0if csrf;omaomEkdifiH

zsufa&;? EkdifiHrsm;Mum; "euGm[rIusOf;ajrmif;vmapa&;twGuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpktygt0if csrf;omaomEkdifiHzsufa&;? EkdifiHrsm;Mum; "euGm[rIusOf;ajrmif;vmapa&;twGuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpktygt0if csrf;omaomEkdifiHzsufa&;? EkdifiHrsm;Mum; "euGm[rIusOf;ajrmif;vmapa&;twGuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpktygt0if csrf;omaomEkdifiH

BuD;rsm;\ t"duusaomay:vpDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;udk OD;aqmifEId;aqmfaeaom ynm&SiftzGJUwpfckvnf; jzpfonf/BuD;rsm;\ t"duusaomay:vpDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;udk OD;aqmifEId;aqmfaeaom ynm&SiftzGJUwpfckvnf; jzpfonf/

BuD;rsm;\ t"duusaomay:vpDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;udk OD;aqmifEId;aqmfaeaom ynm&SiftzGJUwpfckvnf; jzpfonf/BuD;rsm;\ t"duusaomay:vpDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;udk OD;aqmifEId;aqmfaeaom ynm&SiftzGJUwpfckvnf; jzpfonf/BuD;rsm;\ t"duusaomay:vpDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;udk OD;aqmifEId;aqmfaeaom ynm&SiftzGJUwpfckvnf; jzpfonf/

2001 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifcJhaom þ 2001 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifcJhaom þ

2001 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifcJhaom þ 2001 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifcJhaom þ 2001 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifcJhaom þ Think Tank

tzGJUBuD;udk OD;aqmifzGJUpnf;&mwGif yg0ifcJhaom a,;vfwuúodkvfrS tzGJUBuD;udk OD;aqmifzGJUpnf;&mwGif yg0ifcJhaom a,;vfwuúodkvfrS

tzGJUBuD;udk OD;aqmifzGJUpnf;&mwGif yg0ifcJhaom a,;vfwuúodkvfrS tzGJUBuD;udk OD;aqmifzGJUpnf;&mwGif yg0ifcJhaom a,;vfwuúodkvfrS tzGJUBuD;udk OD;aqmifzGJUpnf;&mwGif yg0ifcJhaom a,;vfwuúodkvfrS

ygarmu© eefpDbwfqJvfonf zGHUNzdK;a&;tultnDrsm;\ xda&mufrIESifhywfoufí csufusvufus a0zefEkdifolvnf;jzpfygarmu© eefpDbwfqJvfonf zGHUNzdK;a&;tultnDrsm;\ xda&mufrIESifhywfoufí csufusvufus a0zefEkdifolvnf;jzpf

ygarmu© eefpDbwfqJvfonf zGHUNzdK;a&;tultnDrsm;\ xda&mufrIESifhywfoufí csufusvufus a0zefEkdifolvnf;jzpfygarmu© eefpDbwfqJvfonf zGHUNzdK;a&;tultnDrsm;\ xda&mufrIESifhywfoufí csufusvufus a0zefEkdifolvnf;jzpfygarmu© eefpDbwfqJvfonf zGHUNzdK;a&;tultnDrsm;\ xda&mufrIESifhywfoufí csufusvufus a0zefEkdifolvnf;jzpf

onf/ ¤if;a&;om;cJhaom onf/ ¤if;a&;om;cJhaom

onf/ ¤if;a&;om;cJhaom onf/ ¤if;a&;om;cJhaom onf/ ¤if;a&;om;cJhaom Seven Deadly Sins: Reflections on Donor Failings

rSm zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;okdYay;aeaomtul rSm zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;okdYay;aeaomtul

rSm zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;okdYay;aeaomtul rSm zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;okdYay;aeaomtul rSm zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;okdYay;aeaomtul

tnDrsm; ydkíxda&mufvmap&eftwGuf taxmuftyHhay;ol tvSL&SifEkdifiHrsm;? tzJGUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh rSm;wwfaomtnDrsm; ydkíxda&mufvmap&eftwGuf taxmuftyHhay;ol tvSL&SifEkdifiHrsm;? tzJGUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh rSm;wwfaom

tnDrsm; ydkíxda&mufvmap&eftwGuf taxmuftyHhay;ol tvSL&SifEkdifiHrsm;? tzJGUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh rSm;wwfaomtnDrsm; ydkíxda&mufvmap&eftwGuf taxmuftyHhay;ol tvSL&SifEkdifiHrsm;? tzJGUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh rSm;wwfaomtnDrsm; ydkíxda&mufvmap&eftwGuf taxmuftyHhay;ol tvSL&SifEkdifiHrsm;? tzJGUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh rSm;wwfaom

tcsufBuD;ckepfcsufESif h ,if;tcsufrsm;udk rnfodkYjyKjyifajymif;vJoifhaMumif; rn§mrwma0zefaxmufjyxm;aomtcsufBuD;ckepfcsufESif h ,if;tcsufrsm;udk rnfodkYjyKjyifajymif;vJoifhaMumif; rn§mrwma0zefaxmufjyxm;aom

tcsufBuD;ckepfcsufESif h ,if;tcsufrsm;udk rnfodkYjyKjyifajymif;vJoifhaMumif; rn§mrwma0zefaxmufjyxm;aomtcsufBuD;ckepfcsufESif h ,if;tcsufrsm;udk rnfodkYjyKjyifajymif;vJoifhaMumif; rn§mrwma0zefaxmufjyxm;aomtcsufBuD;ckepfcsufESif h ,if;tcsufrsm;udk rnfodkYjyKjyifajymif;vJoifhaMumif; rn§mrwma0zefaxmufjyxm;aom

pmwrf;wpfapmifjzpfygonf/pmwrf;wpfapmifjzpfygonf/

pmwrf;wpfapmifjzpfygonf/pmwrf;wpfapmifjzpfygonf/pmwrf;wpfapmifjzpfygonf/

C

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

53


txl;ojzifh Donor rsm;taejzifh

zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;wGif vkyfavhvkyfx&Sd

aomtrSm;rsm;teuf ta&;tBuD;qHk;

eHygwfwpftrSm;BuD;wpfckrSm pdwfr&Snf

jcif;jzpfygonf/

1/ taxmuftyHU,lae&aom EkdifiH\Institution rsm; zGHY NzdK;vmatmifvkyf&efpdwfr&Snfjcif;

oDtdk&Dt& EkdifiHwpfckudkzGJUpnf;xm;

aom Institution rsm;onf xdkEkdifiHpD;

yGm;a&;ukdarmif;ESifaeaom Software rsm;

jzpfygonf/ txl;ojzifh tpdk;&tzJGUtpnf;

rsm;? av;pm;vkdufemzG,faumif;aom

Oya'zHGUNzdK;vmaom Social Capital tp

&Sdonfht&mtm;vHk;onf EkdifiHwpfckudk

vnfywfaponfh Software rsm;jzpfMu

ygonf/ þodkY Software aumif;rsm;

r&SdvQif EkdifiHpD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufrIESifh

qif;&JrGJawrIavQmhcsa&;wdkYrSm a&&Snf

wGif tcufBuHK&ygrnf/ ]Software}

aumif;wdkYrnfonf yHkpHrsKd;pHkESifh &SdaeEkdif

onf/ Oyrm-Oa&myor*¾ (EU) \

vGwfvyfaomA[kdbPfonf Software

wpfckjzpfouJhodkY w½kwfuprf;oyfaom

aus;&GmtajcjyKpD;yGm;a&;pepfonfvnf;

Software wpfckjzpfEkdifygonf/ tcsKdU

aomEkdifiHrsm;wGifrl Software udk vuf

qkyfvufudkifjyír&Ekdifaomt&mwpfck

tjzpf jrif&ygrnf/ Oyrm-rav;&Sm;pD;

yGm;a&; wpf[kefxkd; wdk;wufvmatmif

wGef;tm;ay;cJhaom w½kwftrsKd;om;

tcsif;csif; apmifha&Smufí yk*¾vdupD;yGm;

a&;acs;aiGrsm; rwnfay;aom pD;yGm;a&;

t& ,HkMunfrIukd MunfhEkdifygonf/ þ

Oyrmrsm;u Software wpfck\ta&;yg

yHkrSm rnfrQta&;BuD;aMumif; jyaeonf/

þodkY Software aumif;rsm;ydkifqkdifjcif;

rSm pD;yGm;wkd;wufaponf? qif;&JrIudk

avsmhaponfqdkvQif ajymif;jyeftm;jzifh

þ Software rsm;rydkifqkdifaom vlYtzGJU

tpnf;wpfckonf pD;yGm;a&;usqif;ae

rnf[k aumuf,lEkdifayonf/ Oyrm-

bPfrsm;udkaumif;pGmBuD;MuyfEkdifaompepf

wpfckr&SdvQif Bank Crisis rsm; BuHKvm

Ekdifovdk tpdk;&Xmersm;&Sd 0efxrf;rsm;

twGuf qkay;'Pfay;pepfr&SdvQif? ¤if;wdkY

uay;aom0efaqmifrIt&nftaoG;udk

ppfaq;Ekdifonfh ]pH} wpfck rcsrSwfxm;

vQif jynfolUa&;&m0efaqmifrIrsm; rGJcsm

aernfrSm trSefyifjzpfonf/

]EkdifiHzGHUNzdK;a&;} qdkonfrSm wpfenf;

tm;jzifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpfck\ a&&Snf

wkd;wufrI? nDrQrIudk txufyg Insti-

tution rsm;? Software rsm; ckdifrmatmif

wnfaqmufay;jcif;tm;jzifh &,ltyf

aomjzpfpOfwpfckr[kwfygavm/ a,bk

,stm;jzifh Failed State [kqdktyfaom

us½HI;EkdifiHrsm;pm&if;wGif yg0ifaeonfh

qdkrm;vD;,m;? tmz*efepöwef? qD,m

&mvD,GefESifh vkdufab;&D;,m;wdkYuJhodkY

aomEkdifiHrsm;wGifomru zGHUNzdK;qJtqifh

wGif pm&if;0ifaeao;aom tjcm;urÇmh

EkdifiHaygif; 50 ausmfwdkYonfvnf;

]Failed} [laomtqifhwGifr&Sdonfhwkdif

,if;wdkY\ Institution rsm;rSm ]Weak} [l

aom emrusef;onfh *DvmetqifhwGif

&SdMuygonf/

xkduJhodkYaomEkdifiHrsm;wGif Donor

rsm;taejzifh a&&SnfEkdifiHzGHUNzdK;a&;udk

jzpfxGef;aponfh Institution rsm; pdwf&Snf

&Snfjzifh wnfaqmufay;onfhtvkyfudk

pdwfr0ifpm;wwfMuyg/ Oyrm-a[wD

uJhodkYy#dyu©rsm; &yfvdkuf? jyefpvdkuf

jzpfaeonfhEkdifiHrsKd;wGif Donor rsm;u

vnf; 0ifpdkY? xGufpdkY vkyfwwfMuyg

onf/ a&&SnfwGif þodkY 0ifupGyfvkyf

jcif;u EkdifiHzGHUNzdK;a&;udk tm;ay;&m

ra&mufyg/ tmz*efepöwefwGifvnf; þ

enf;wlomjzpfonf/ Donor trsm;pk

\OD;wnfcsufrSm a&wdktusyftwnf;

ajz&Sif;a&;omjzpfNyD; a&&Snft&if;BuD;

BuD;ay;&rnfh Institution wnfaqmuf

a&;r[kwfyg/

0ifpkdYxGufpkdYvkyfonfhtjyif jyóem

wpfckrSm Donor rsm;\ aiGoHk;pGJyHkESifhqdkif

ygonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh Donor rsm;onf

zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf wpfESpfpm

toHk;p&dwfudk vDícsay;avh&Sdygonf/

odkYaomf EkdifiHwnfaqmufa&;uJhodkYaom

a&&Snfvkyfief;rsKd;rSm wpfESpfpmbwf*suf

twGufom tmrcHcsuf&SdNyD; aemifESpfrsm;

twGuf tmrcHcsufr&Sdu aqmif&GufEkdif

aomvkyfief;rsKd;r[kwfyg/ vkyfief;obm0

t& EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH\ Software wnf

aqmufa&;onf vlom;csif;pmemaxmuf

xm;a&;tultnDrsm;? Infrastructure

wnfaqmufa&;rsm;xufpmvQif umv

wdktwGif; tusKd;&v'fudk jrifEkdif&ef

1990 ckESpfrsm;udk jyefoHk;oyfMunfhvQif urÇmhzGHY NzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;rSm pD;yGm;a&;t& ododomomwkd;wufvmaomaMumifU tqkdygEkdifiHrsm;udk axmufyHUaeonfU EkdifiHBuD;rsm;ESifU tzJGYtpnf;BuD;rsm;tzdkh auseyfaumif;auseyfygvdrfUrnf/ odkhaomf pD;yGm;a&;t&zGHY NzdK;vmjcif;? urÇmhaps;uGufESifU csdwfqufrdvmjcif;onf wpfurÇmvHk;udk vTrf;NcHKEkdifNyD[k rqkdEkdifyg/ txl;ojzifU tmz&duEkdifiHrsm;? vufwiftar&duEkdifiHrsm;ESifU tv,ftm&SEkdifiHtcsKdY rSm 'Hk&if;'Hk&if;tajctaerSrwufbJ rGJNrJrGJaeao;onfudk awGY&ygvdrfUrnf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

54


cJ,Of;ygonf/

þodkYa&&Snf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESH&rnfh Soft-

ware Building wGif p dwfr0ifpm;

onfhtjyif Donor rsm;taejzifh tajccH

usef;rma&;raumif;aomEkdifiHrsm;\

&Sd&if;pGJ Institution udkyif xdckdufatmif

wpfcgwpf&H vkyfwwfygao;onf/

txl;ojzifh EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH\ a&wdkzGHUNzdK;

a&;taxmuftyHhrsm;0ifvmygu xkdt

axmuftyHhrsm;udkoHk;pGJay;rnfh NGO

rsm;yg EkdifiHwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmwwf

ygonf/ tqdkyg NGO BuD;rsm;onf

vdktyfcsuft& pGrf;tm;jrifhvlYt&if;

tjrpfudkom awmif;qdkpkaqmif;avh&Sd

aomaMumifh State Institution twGuf

toHk;cs&ef tvm;tvm&Sdaom t&nf

taoG;jrifh vlYpGrf;tm;rsm;rSm vrf;

aMumif;ajymif;í NGO \vkyfief;rsm;

wGif 0ifa&mufoGm;ygonf/ þonfu

vnf; EdkifiH\ Software rsm; tajcrcdkif

aponfhtaMumif;wpf&yf jzpfygonf/

2/ tusKd;&v'fjrefjref&&ef tvsifpvdkjzpfjcif;? &v'ftwGufpdwfr&Snfjcif;

þpdwfr&Snfjcif;trsKd;tpm;aMumifh

zGHUNzdK;a&;tultnDrsm;onf umv&Snf

Project rsm;xuf umvtwkdESifh tvwf

Project rsm;okdY pD;0ifoGm;wwfygonf/

Oyrm-ypönf;rsm;0,fí a'ocHrsm;udk

axmufyHhjcif;rSm tusKd;&v'fudk cyfjref

jrefjrif&onf/ xdkenf;wl tpdk;&\ usef;

rma&;Xmeudk taxmuftyHhay;vkdufjcif;

tm;jzifh ,if;Xme\ usef;rma&;apmifh

a&SmufrIp&dwf rsm;rsm;oHk;pGJEkdifjcif;rSm

vnf; cyfjrefjrefawGU&aom tusKd;&v'f

jzpfonf/ odkYaomf a&&SnfwGif rdrdwdkYay;

vdkufaomtaxmuftyHhaMumifh aemif

umvtawmfMumrS awGUjrif&aom&v'f

rsKd;udk Donor rsm;u pdwf0ifpm;rI enf;

onf/ Oyrm-rdrdwkdYay;vkdufaom usef;

rma&;taxmuftyHhaMumifh a'owpfck

\ uav;aoaysmufrIEIef; avsmhenf;

oGm;jcif;? ynma&;taxmuftyHhaMumifh

csufcsif;wkd;wufvmaom ausmif;tyfESH

onfhausmif;om;OD;a&udkrMunfhbJ

ausmif;wGif ausmif;om;uav;rsm;u

rnfonfhynm&yfrsm;udk rnfodkYrnfyHk

ajymif;vJwkd;wufavhvmjcif;? vrf;jyif

vdkufaomaMumifh vrf;aumif;oGm;

ojzifh a&&SnfwGif bwfpfum;rsm; jyif

qifp&dwfyg usqif;oGm;jcif;aMumifh

a'ocHrsm; c&D;p&dwfoufomvmjcif;wkdY

jzpfMuonf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf

txufyg&v'frsm;onf t&if;tESD;BuD;

rm;ovdk umvtawmfMum apmifhMunfh

rSom awGU&onf/

3/ taxmuftyH U&xm;aomaiGud kjrefjrefukefatmifoHk;jy&jcif;? tultnD\xda&mufrIxuf tpD&ifcHpmrvSrnfudk pdk;&drf&jcif;

taxmuftyHhudk owfrSwfcsdeft

wGif; cyfjrefjrefukefatmifoHk;jy&jcif;

onfvnf; Institution wnfaqmufrI

udk pdefac:aeaomtcuftcJwpfck jzpf

\/ trsm;tm;jzifh zGHUNzdK;a&;at*sifpDrsm;

onf wpfESpfpm bwf*suftay:wGif

tajccHívkyfief;aqmif&GufMu&m bwf

*sufukefatmif roHk;jyEkdifjcif;aMumifh rdrd

wdkY\vkyfief;xda&mufrIudk Donor t

aejzifh tm;rvdktm;r&jzpfum aemifESpf

rsm;wGif bwf*suftavQmhcH&rnfudk pdk;

&drfojzifh owfrSwfcsdeftwGif; ukef

atmif cyfjrefjrefoHk;jy&avonf/ þ

uJhodkYoHk;pGJyHkrsKd;onf EkdifiH\tajccHtus

qHk;aom Institution rsm;jzpfonfh ynm

a&;? bPfpepf? w&m;pD&ifa&;u@rsm;

ESifhomoufqkdifaeygu a&&SnfwGif

ratmifjrifrIqDodkYom OD;wnfoGm;Ekdifyg

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

55


onf/ þuJhodkYaom Donor zdpD;rIrsKd;udk

tao;pm;zGHUNzdK;a&;at*sifpDrsm;wGifom

awGU&onfr[kwfbJ urÇmhbPfuJhodkY

aom xdyfoD;at*sifpDrsm;ESifh tjcm; ESpf

EkdifiHcsif;ay;aomtaxmuftyHhESifh EkdifiH

pkHtaxmuftyHhrsm;wGifyif awGU&avh&Sd

ygonf/

4/ rl0g'tajymif;tvJrsm;tay:pdwfr&Snfjcif;

wpfcgwpf&H Donor rsm;\ pdwfr

&Snfjcif;u EkdifiHudk tedrfhrStjrifhodkY

ajymif;vJwkd;wuf&ef BudK;pm;aeaom

jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;orm;rsm;udk taxmuf

tulay;&mra&mufonfhtjyif ¤if;wdkY

\vkyfief;rsm;udkyif ydkíxdcdkufapyg

onf/ Donor rsm;\ pdwfr&Snfjcif;udk

Oyrmjy&vQif urÇmhbPfESifh EkdifiHwum

aiGaMu;&efyHkaiGtzGJU (IMF) wdkYu acs;

aiGrsm;udk avQmfypfcJh&aom 1980 ESifh

1990 ESpfrsm;udk jy&ayrnf/ urÇmhbPf

ESifh IMF onf EkdifiHrsm;udk zGHUNzdK;a&;

acs;aiGxkwfay;csdefwGif uwdu0wf

tjzpf Structural Adjustment Program

ac: jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm; vkyfaqmifyg

rnf[laomtcsufudk awmif;qdkcJhonf/

aemifwGif xdka<u;rsm;udk rqyfEkdifaom

tcg acs;olu pdwfvdkvuf& avQmfypf

vkduf&onf/ þodkYpdwfr&Snfjcif;onf

a&&SnfwGif EkdifiH\ Software jzpfaom

Institution aumif;rsm; wnfaqmuf&m

wGif taESmifht,SufwpfckjzpfaeEkdifygonf/

5/ pdwfr&Snfjcif;twGufukxHk;zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyf&mwGif pdwfr&Snfjcif;?

tvsifvdkjcif;onf tajccHtusqHk;

jyóemjzpfonf/ þonfudkukpm;&ef

twGuf yxrtqifhtaejzifh Donor

rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ twdwftrSm;rsm;udk

0efcH&ygrnf/ rdrdwkdY\ pdwfr&Snfjcif;

aMumifh jzpfcJh&aom qkH;½IH;rIrsm;ukd &J&J

jyefokH;oyf&ygrnf/ Donor tcsif;csif;

pkaygif;í rdrdwdkYtaxmuftyHhrsm; xd

a&mufrI&Sd? r&Sdudk jyefvnfppfwrf;aumuf

,loifhygonf/ tu,fí pkaygif;í rvkyf

aqmifEkdifcJhonf&Sdaomf ESpfEkdifiHcsif; odkYr

[kwf zGHUNzdK;a&;at*sifpDBuD;ESpfckcsif;

yl;aygif;íOD;aqmifaqmif&GufEkdifygonf/

Oyrm -Donor tBuD;pm;rsm;jzpfMuaom

tar&duefjynfaxmifpkESifh NAdwdef ESpfck

aygif; oHk;oyfjcif;rsKd;jzpfonf/ a&&Snf

zGHUNzdK;a&;&&Sd&efrSm zGHUNzdK;a&;tultnD

yrmPudk wkd;ay;½HkESifh rvHkavmufbJ

pdwf&Snf&efvnf;vdkygonf/ yGifhvif;jrif

omrIr&Sdaom vlYtzGJUtpnf;ESifh qufqH

&aomtcgrsKd;wGif urÇmhbPf\ Coun-try Policy Institution Assessment

(CPIA) ESifh Milliennium Challenge

Account (MCA) yg enf;vrf;rsm;udkoHk;

í yGifhvif;jrifomrIudk&,l&ef BudK;pm;&

ygrnf/ þodkYBudK;yrf;&mwGif zdtm;ay;

jcif;xufpmvQif xdkvlYtzGJUtpnf;u

¤if;wdkYbmom pdwfygvufyg aqmif&Guf

vmjcif;u taumif;qHk;jzpfayonf/

yGifhvif;jrifomrItjynfh&SdvmaomwpfaeY

wGif t&yfbufvlYtzGJUtpnf;ESifh MoZm

&SdaompD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;u wm0ef

&Sdolrsm;ukd jyify\tultnDukd &,lí

jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udkazmfaqmif&ef wGef;

tm;ay;Muygvdrhfrnf/

Institution ydkif;wGif tm;enf;csuf&Sd

aeaomEkdifiHrsm;ESif h qufqH&mwGif

,aeYacwf Donor tcsKdU prf;oyftoHk;jyK

aeMuaom enf;opfwpfckrSm taumf'D

,Henf;[k ac:ygonf/ Institution ydkif;

tm;raumif;í zGHUNzdK;a&;tultnDrsm;

udk tjynfht0pkyf,loHk;pGJEkdifjcif;r&Sdygu

Donor taejzifh ueOD;wGif tenf;i,f

omay;jcif;jzifh pwif&ygrnf/ odkYaomf

vufcHonfhvlYtzGJUtpnf;\ tultnD

udkpkyf,lEkdifonfhtm; wkd;wufvmcJhaomf

yGifhvif;jrifomrIwdkYudk trSwfay;jcif;

tm;jzifh aemifwGifvnf; taxmuftyHh

aocsmay;&ef&SdaMumif;udkvnf; jyoxm;

&ygrnf/ vuf&SdwGif zGHUNzdK;a&;bPfrsm;

uay;aeaom ckepfESpftxuf a&&SnfzGHU

NzdK;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;rSm þenf;jzifhoGm;ae

jcif;jzpfygonf/ t"durSm a&&SnfpDrHudef;

rsm;twGuf pdwf&Snf&ef vdktyfygonf/

wpfcgwpf&H Donor rsm;\ pdwfr&Snfjcif;u EkdifiHudk tedrfUrStjrifUodkh ajymif;vJwkd;wuf&efBudK;pm;aeaomjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;orm;rsm;udk taxmuftulay;&mra&mufonfUtjyif ¤if;wdkh\vkyfief;rsm;udkyif ydkíxdcdkufapygonf/ Donor rsm;\ pdwfr&Snfjcif;udk Oyrmjy&vQif urÇmhbPfESifU EkdifiHwumaiGaMu;&efyHkaiGtzGJY (IMF)

wdkhu acs;aiGrsm;udkavQmfypfcJU&aom 1980 ESifU 1990 ESpfrsm;udk jy&ayrnf/ urÇmhbPfESifU IMF onfEkdifiHrsm;udk zGHY NzdK;a&;acs;aiGxkwfay;csdefwGif uwdu0wftjzpf Structural Adjustment Pro-

gram ac: jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm; vkyfaqmifygrnf[laomtcsufudk awmif;qdkcJhonf/ aemifwGif xdka<u;rsm;udkrqyfEkdifaomtcg acs;olu pdwfvdkvuf& avQmfypfvkduf&onf/

EGJ YauckdifEG J Yauckdif

EG J YauckdifEG J YauckdifEG J Yauckdif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

56

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

57

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER . 2008.jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;jrifuGif;

pkd;&drfa&rSwf vwfwavmtajctaewpfcsdefu &wemyHkaps; wwd,

xyf&Sd &wemyHk qkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;

wGifpkpnf;xm;aom tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;

onf ,cktcg wjyefYwusJpDjzpfaeNyD;

rEÅav;tajcpkduf tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;?

toif;rsm;\ vkyfaqmifEkdifpGrf;rSmvnf;

oknrSwfatmuf a&mufaeonf/

NrdKUawmfwGif ajymprSwfjyK&atmif oHk;&ufeD;yg;avmifuRrf;cJhaom &wemyHktqifhjrifhaps;BuD; rD;avmifrINrdKUawmfwGif ajymprSwfjyK&atmif oHk;&ufeD;yg;avmifuRrf;cJhaom &wemyHktqifhjrifhaps;BuD; rD;avmifrI

NrdKUawmfwGif ajymprSwfjyK&atmif oHk;&ufeD;yg;avmifuRrf;cJhaom &wemyHktqifhjrifhaps;BuD; rD;avmifrINrdKUawmfwGif ajymprSwfjyK&atmif oHk;&ufeD;yg;avmifuRrf;cJhaom &wemyHktqifhjrifhaps;BuD; rD;avmifrINrdKUawmfwGif ajymprSwfjyK&atmif oHk;&ufeD;yg;avmifuRrf;cJhaom &wemyHktqifhjrifhaps;BuD; rD;avmifrI

onf rEÅav;NrdKY\ onf rEÅav;NrdKY\

onf rEÅav;NrdKY\ onf rEÅav;NrdKY\ onf rEÅav;NrdKY\ ICT Park

jzpfaom &wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;ukdomru wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;aeaom jzpfaom &wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;ukdomru wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;aeaom

jzpfaom &wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;ukdomru wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;aeaom jzpfaom &wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;ukdomru wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;aeaom jzpfaom &wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;ukdomru wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;aeaom

rEÅav;NrdKU\ tkdifwDu@wpf&yfvHk;eD;yg;ukdyg 0g;rsKdoGm;cJhonf/ rEÅav;NrdKUawmfonf orkdif;wGif pmwifavmufrEÅav;NrdKU\ tkdifwDu@wpf&yfvHk;eD;yg;ukdyg 0g;rsKdoGm;cJhonf/ rEÅav;NrdKUawmfonf orkdif;wGif pmwifavmuf

rEÅav;NrdKU\ tkdifwDu@wpf&yfvHk;eD;yg;ukdyg 0g;rsKdoGm;cJhonf/ rEÅav;NrdKUawmfonf orkdif;wGif pmwifavmufrEÅav;NrdKU\ tkdifwDu@wpf&yfvHk;eD;yg;ukdyg 0g;rsKdoGm;cJhonf/ rEÅav;NrdKUawmfonf orkdif;wGif pmwifavmufrEÅav;NrdKU\ tkdifwDu@wpf&yfvHk;eD;yg;ukdyg 0g;rsKdoGm;cJhonf/ rEÅav;NrdKUawmfonf orkdif;wGif pmwifavmuf

atmif rD;ab;'PftBudrfBudrfcHpm;cJh&NyD; rD;ab;'PfcHcJ h&csdefwkdif;wGifvnf; zD;epfiSufuJhokd Yyif tm;ESif hrmefESif hatmif rD;ab;'PftBudrfBudrfcHpm;cJh&NyD; rD;ab;'PfcHcJ h&csdefwkdif;wGifvnf; zD;epfiSufuJhokd Yyif tm;ESif hrmefESif h

atmif rD;ab;'PftBudrfBudrfcHpm;cJh&NyD; rD;ab;'PfcHcJ h&csdefwkdif;wGifvnf; zD;epfiSufuJhokd Yyif tm;ESif hrmefESif hatmif rD;ab;'PftBudrfBudrfcHpm;cJh&NyD; rD;ab;'PfcHcJ h&csdefwkdif;wGifvnf; zD;epfiSufuJhokd Yyif tm;ESif hrmefESif hatmif rD;ab;'PftBudrfBudrfcHpm;cJh&NyD; rD;ab;'PfcHcJ h&csdefwkdif;wGifvnf; zD;epfiSufuJhokd Yyif tm;ESif hrmefESif h

jyefvnfEkd;xEkdifcJ honf/ okdYaomf tqkdyg &wemyHkaps;rD;avmifuRrf;rIaemufykdif; rEÅav;NrdKU tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;rSmjyefvnfEkd;xEkdifcJ honf/ okdYaomf tqkdyg &wemyHkaps;rD;avmifuRrf;rIaemufykdif; rEÅav;NrdKU tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;rSm

jyefvnfEkd;xEkdifcJ honf/ okdYaomf tqkdyg &wemyHkaps;rD;avmifuRrf;rIaemufykdif; rEÅav;NrdKU tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;rSmjyefvnfEkd;xEkdifcJ honf/ okdYaomf tqkdyg &wemyHkaps;rD;avmifuRrf;rIaemufykdif; rEÅav;NrdKU tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;rSmjyefvnfEkd;xEkdifcJ honf/ okdYaomf tqkdyg &wemyHkaps;rD;avmifuRrf;rIaemufykdif; rEÅav;NrdKU tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;rSm

zD;epfiSufuJhokdY Ek d;xEkdifygrnfvm;[k rEÅav;NrdKUcH tkdifwDvkyfief;tokdif;t0kdif;u pkd;&drfaeMuonf/zD;epfiSufuJhokdY Ek d;xEkdifygrnfvm;[k rEÅav;NrdKUcH tkdifwDvkyfief;tokdif;t0kdif;u pkd;&drfaeMuonf/

zD;epfiSufuJhokdY Ek d;xEkdifygrnfvm;[k rEÅav;NrdKUcH tkdifwDvkyfief;tokdif;t0kdif;u pkd;&drfaeMuonf/zD;epfiSufuJhokdY Ek d;xEkdifygrnfvm;[k rEÅav;NrdKUcH tkdifwDvkyfief;tokdif;t0kdif;u pkd;&drfaeMuonf/zD;epfiSufuJhokdY Ek d;xEkdifygrnfvm;[k rEÅav;NrdKUcH tkdifwDvkyfief;tokdif;t0kdif;u pkd;&drfaeMuonf/

]]tkdifwDenf;ynmzGHUNzdK;a&;qkdif&m

pmwrf;zwfyGJ? enf;ynma[majymyGJawG

rvkyfEkdifwm rD;avmifNyD;uwnf;uyg}}

[k jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwmvkyfief;&Sifrsm;

toif; (MCIA) (rEÅav;wkdif;) \

twGif;a&;rSL; a':oD&dacwfu ajym

Mum;onf/

tcsKdUu 77 vrf;ESifh 78 vrf;

wGif? tcsKdUu ref;jrefrmyvmZmESifh

rEÅav;

tqifhjrifhaps;csKdyvmZmwkdYwGif tkdifwD

vkyfief;rsm; jyefYusJtajcpkdufaeonfh

tajctaewGif tkdifwDzGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;

rsm; vkyfukdifrnfhtoif;rsm;twGuf ½Hk;

pkduf&efae&mum; ew¬djzpfaeonf/

]]aps;a&mif;wJhvkyfief;u 0,fol

&Sd&if a&mif;ae&rSmyJ/ uGefysLwmypönf;

awGa&mif;wm tkdifwDzGHUNzdK;wmeJY rqkdif

ygbl;}} [k rEÅav;NrdKUawmftajcpkduf

jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;jrifuGif;

þu@wGif . . . . .þu@wGif . . . . .


5656

565656

zD;epfiSufjzpfzd k Y aoG;opfavmif;&r,fh ref;tkdifwDzD;epfiSufjzpfzd k Y aoG;opfavmif;&r,fh ref;tkdifwD

zD;epfiSufjzpfzd k Y aoG;opfavmif;&r,fh ref;tkdifwDzD;epfiSufjzpfzd k Y aoG;opfavmif;&r,fh ref;tkdifwDzD;epfiSufjzpfzd k Y aoG;opfavmif;&r,fh ref;tkdifwD

6262

626262

roefpGrf;Muolrsm;roefpGrf;Muolrsm;

roefpGrf;Muolrsm;roefpGrf;Muolrsm;roefpGrf;Muolrsm;

6868

686868

&efukef ukefpnfaps;uGuf&efukef ukefpnfaps;uGuf

&efukef ukefpnfaps;uGuf&efukef ukefpnfaps;uGuf&efukef ukefpnfaps;uGuf

7676

767676

nOfhOD;,Hwufrnfh'Da&ESifhtwl vkdufygrnfholrsm;nOfhOD;,Hwufrnfh'Da&ESifhtwl vkdufygrnfholrsm;

nOfhOD;,Hwufrnfh'Da&ESifhtwl vkdufygrnfholrsm;nOfhOD;,Hwufrnfh'Da&ESifhtwl vkdufygrnfholrsm;nOfhOD;,Hwufrnfh'Da&ESifhtwl vkdufygrnfholrsm;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

58

jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;jrifuGif;LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER . 2008.

tkdifwDvkyfief;&SifwpfOD;jzpfol OD;&Jjrwf

olajymouJhokdYyif uGefysLwmypönf;

ta&mif;t0,faps;uGufrSm yHkrSeftaet

xm;okdY wjznf;jznf;jyefvnfa&muf &Sd

aeonfukd awGU&onf/

tkdifwDtajccH0efaqmifrIvkyfief;

rsm;taejzifh rdrdwkdYESifh qufqHaeaom

azmufonfrsm;ukd 0efaqmifrIrsm; pOf

qufrjywfay;Ekdifa&;ESifh rdrd0efxrf;

rsm;ukd yHkrSeftwkdif; tvkyfay;Ekdifa&;t

wGuf t"duxm;½kef;uefae&aMumif;

¤if;uqkdonf/

]]rEÅav;rSm tkdifwD em*pfwkduf

cwfoGm;w,fqkd&rSmaygh/ tm;vHk; qHk;½IH;

wmav/ {&m0wDvkdyJ vl (H.R) a&m?

ypönf;a&m? ywf0ef;usif Environment

a&maygh}} [k &wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykd

a&;&Sif;\Ouú| OD;odef;xGwfu ajym

Mum;onf/

vuf&SdtajctaerSm 2003 ckESpf

rEÅav;NrdKU MICT Park ray:aygufrD

utajctaeokdY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;

aMumif;? uGefysLwmynmtajccHoif

wef;rsm;? azsmfajza&;twGuf *drf;qkdif

rsm;? tifwmeufuaz;rsm;? uGefysLwm

ta&mif;qkdifrsm;om ouf0ifvnfywf

aeonf htaetxm; jzp f a Mumi f ;

OD;&Jjrwfolu qkdonf/

bmawGqHk;½IH;cJUovJrEÅav;NrdKUawmfü &wemyHkaps; rD;

avmifrIaMumifh txdckdufqHk;jzpfcJh&

onfhe,fy,fukdjyygqkdvQif tkdifwDvkyf

ief;e,fy,fukd jy&ygrnf/

]]}ICT Park rD;avmifwm tdrfawG

rD;avmifwmeJY rwlbl;/ uRefawmfwkdY&JU

ae&m? Communication pepf? Team

Work ? Infrastructure (tajccHt

aqmuftOD) awG tukefvHk;r&Sdawmhbl;}}

[k OD;&Jjrwfolu ajymMum;onf/

ICT Park jyefvnfwnfaqmuf

&efae&mwpfck tpm;jyefvnf&&Sdonfh

wkdif tajccHtaqmuftODrsm;jzpfonfh

Decoration ? tifwmeuf? vQyfppfrD;?

w,fvDzkef;qufoG,fa&;pepfrsm; rlv

twkdif; jyefvnf&&S d&ef rvG,ful

aMumif;? rlvtwkdif;jyefvnf&&Sdonfh

wkdif vkyfief;&Sifrsm; jyefvnf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESH

&efrSm raocsmonfhtcsufwpf&yfjzpf

aMumif; ¤if;u qufvufajymMum;

onf/

]]pkpnf;xm;wJh ae&mav;wpfck

wifr[kwfbl;/ pkpnf;xm;wJh tm;av;

wpfckygaysmufysufoGm;wmyg}} [k

a':oD&dacwfu qkdonf/

ICT Park wpfckjzpfay:&efrSm tif

wmeufESifh w,fvDzkef;&Sd½Hk? tcef;&Sd½HkrQ

jzifh r&yfwnfEkdifaMumif;? ICT zGHUNzdK;a&;

twGuf ICT ukrÜPDrsm; us,fus,fjyefY

jyefYyg0ifEkdifatmif aqmif&GufEkdifonfh

tajccHtaqmuftOD? okawoevkyf

ief;rsm;? zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;vkyfief;rsm;?

a[majymyGJrsm;jyKvkyfEkdifonfh vkduf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

59


avsmnDaxGaomywf0ef;usif&Sdjcif;ESifh

tajctaet& EkdifiHwumukrÜPDrsm;

vma&muf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHEkdifaom tcGifht

vrf;&Sdjcif; ponfhtm;omcsufrsm;pGm

vkdtyfao;aMumif; OD;odef;xGwfu ajym

Mum;onf/

]]tppt&m&m tqifajyaewJh

ywf0ef;usifwpfck qHk;½IH;&wmygyJ}} [k

¤if;u nnf;wGm;onf/

ICT Park wGif tkdifwDenf;ynm

zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf taumif;qHk;ywf0ef;

usiftajctae&SdaeaMumif;? tifwm

euf? w,fvDzkef; ponfh vkdtyfcsufrsm;

ukd tvsiftjrefqHk; avQmufxm;&,l

EkdifNyD; a[majymyGJrsm;? aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;

vnf; tvG,fwulvkyfEkdifaomtae

txm;&SdaMumif; OD;&Jjrwfolu qkdonf/

rEÅav;wGif tkdifwDvkyfief;e,f

y,fzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrIonf rEÅav;NrdKU

ICT Park tjzpfay:aygufcJhonfh 2000

jynfhESpfwGifrS pwift&Sdeft[kefjrifhvm

cJhjcif;jzpfNyD; ,cktcg IT Industry wpf

ckvHk; jymjzpfvkeD;yg;tajctaeESifh MuHK

awGUcJh&aMumif; &wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykd

a&;&Sif;tzGJU0if 'g½kdufwmwpfOD;u ajym

Mum;onf/

]]EkdifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;awGeJY yl;

aygif;aqmif&GufrIawG avsmhoGm;w,f/

*syef? tdE´d,? pifumylu Aid awG

&yfoGm;w,f/ AOTS ? CICC pwJh tzGJU

tpnf;awGu H.R Development oif

wef;awGtwGuf Bit awG r&awmhbl;}}

[k ¤if;u qufvuf&Sif;jyonf/

MCPA eJh MCIAtkdifwDvkyfief;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;

vkyfief;rsm;ukd tm;oGefcGefpkduf vkyfukdif

aeaom jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwmvkyfief;

&Sifrsm;toif; (rEÅav;wkdif;) ESifh jrefrm

EkdifiHuGefysLwmynm&Sifrsm;toif; MCPA

(rEÅav;wkdif;) wkdY\ tajctaeu tqkd;

0g;qHk;taetxm;a&mufaeaMumif;

NrdKUcHtkdifwDvkyfief;&Sif tokdif;t0kdif;xHrS

pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

MCIA wGif uruxjyKaeonfh

tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;ukd,fwkdif

rdrdwkdYvkyfief;jyefvnf&Sifoef&ef OD;pm;

ay;ae&NyD; toif;vnfywfa&;ukd 'kwd,

OD;pm;ay;ae&onfh taetxm;&S d

aMumif; ae&mwpfae&m jyefvnf&&Sd

onfhwkdif; ,if;trIaqmifrsm; jyefvnf

í wufwuf<u<uvkyfukdifEkdifonfh

taetxm;&&Sd&ef rvG,faMumif; rEÅav;

wkdif; MCIA \Ouú|jzpfol OD;&Jjrwfol

u ajymMum;onf/

xkdYjyif jynfyEkdifiHrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;

vkyfukdifaeonfh Project rsm;? Aid rsm;

vnf; &yfqkdif;aeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh jyef

vnfxlaxmif&efrSm ae&mESifh &efyHkaiG

vkdtyfonfhtjyif wufwuf<u<u

qufvufaqmif&Gufrnfholrsm;ukdyg

jyefvnfpnf;½Hk;&rnfhtaetxm; &Sd

aMumif; ¤if;u qkdonf/

MCPA taeESifhvnf; vwfw

avmwGif tvkyftrIaqmiftopfrsm;

jzifh jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&rnfhtaetxm;okdY

a&muf&SdaeNyD; ½Hk;cef;ae&mukd Ray World

Complex wGif jyefvnfzGifhvSpfEkdif&ef

OD;pm;ay;BudK;pm;ae&aMumif; rEÅav;

wkdif; MCPA Ouú| OD;&JEkdifu ajymMum;

onf/

]]t"du EC Member awGu

jynfya&mufaeNyDqkdawmh rjzpfrae

Renew vkyfvdrfhr,f}} [k MCPA (rEÅav;)

ESifheD;pyfaomtokdif;t0kdif;u qkdonf/

H.R ukd b,fvkdxdef;rvJtkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;onf vlom;

t&if;tjrpf (Human Resources - HR)

uk d tajccHaqmif& Guf&onf hvky f

ief;rsm;jzpf&m H.R ukd xdef;odrf;Ekdif&ef

ta&;BuD;vSayonf/

tkdifwDtajccHvkyfief; trsm;pkrSm

vnf; vkyfief;rsm; qufvuf&SifoefEkdif

a&;ESifh vuf&Sd0efxrf;rsm;ukd tajctae

rysuf jyefvnftvkyfay;Ekdifa&;rSm

acgif;cJp&mjyóemwpf&yfjzpfaeaMumif;

NrdKUcHtkdifwDvkyfief;&Siftrsm;pku ajym

&wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;\ 'g½kdufwm OD;odef;xGwf&wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;\ 'g½kdufwm OD;odef;xGwf

&wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;\ 'g½kdufwm OD;odef;xGwf&wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;\ 'g½kdufwm OD;odef;xGwf&wemyHkqkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;\ 'g½kdufwm OD;odef;xGwf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

60


Mum;Muonf/

]]uRefawmfhtaeeJY tkdifwDe,fy,f

rSm vkyfukdifaeMuwm xkdufwefwJhvpm

qkdwmxuf tawGUtMuHK? arQmfvifhcsuf?

arQmfvifhcsufqkdwmrSm rEÅav;tajc

pkduftkdifwDe,fy,ftoif;awGu jynfy

eJYyl;aygif;NyD;ay;aewJh Scholar awGu

tp ygwmaygh/ aemufNyD; tkdifwDe,f

y,f Develop jzpfvm&if uRefawmf

b,ftwkdif;twmeJY &yfwnfcGifh&rvJ

qkdwmrsKd;awGeJY &yfwnfae&wm/ tck

IT Industry BuD;wpfckvHk; NydKusoGm;o

vkdjzpfawmh uRefawmfhrSm a&G;cs,fp&mu

EkdifiHjcm;xGufzkdYyJ&dSawmhw,fvkdY xif

w,f}} [k tkdifwDynm&Sif vli,fwpfOD;

u ¤if;\tjrifukd zGifh[ajymMum;cJhonf/

&wemyHkNrdKYopfESifU tcsdwftqufrEÅav;NrdKUawmfESifh reD;ra0;wGif

tajcwnfxm;aom &wemyHk tkdifwD

tajccHNrdKUopfwGifrl pufwifbmv

qef;rSpí vkyfief;rsm;vnfywf&ef tkdif

wDukrÜPDBuD;tcsKdU tpysKd;aeNyDjzpf

onf/ rEÅav; ICT Park onf &wemyHk

twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftulay;pGrf;Ekdif

rnf[k,lqaeolrsm;vnf;&SdaeaMumif;

rEÅav;NrdKUtajcpkduf tkdifwDvkyfief;&Sif


rEÅav;NrdKUrS tkdifwDvkyfief;&Sif

rsm;ESifh awGUqHkcGifh&&SdcJhojzifh ¤if;wkdY\

xifjrif,lqcsuf? ,HkMunfcsufrsm;ukd

od&SdcGifh&cJhonf/

]]&wemyH k jzpfa&;rSm taESmif h

t,Sufjzpfr,fqkdwm rjzpfEkdifygbl;/

Support (taxmuftyHh) jzpfzkdYyJ &Sdyg

w,f/ &wemyHkeJY teD;pyfqHk; rEÅav;rSm

tkdifwDvkyfief;awGBuD;xGm;rS tJ'DrSm wkd;

wufzkdY ykdNyD; Supporting vkyfEkdifrSmyg}}

[k OD;&Jjrwfolu ajymMum;onf/

rEÅav;tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;u &Sm

azGxkwfvkyfaom vlom;t&if;tjrpf

rsm;jzifh &wemyHkNrdKUopfwGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESH

rnfh tkdifwDvkyfief;rsm;ukd rsm;pGm

taxmuftyHhjzpfapEkdifaMumif;? &wemyHk

wGif tajcpkdufrnfhvkyfief;rsm;twGuf

tao;pm;vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdyg ulnDjznfh

qnf;ay;EkdifrnfjzpfaMumif; rEÅav;

NrdKUcH tkdifwDvkyfief;&Siftokdif;t0kdif;rS

pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

]]rEÅav; ICT Park (,ck&wemyHk

qkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;) jzpfvmwmu

&wemyHktkdifwDNrdKUopf&JU NydKifbufjzpfzkdY

r[kwfygbl;/ &wemyHk&JUjznfhzuf Co-

mplement yJjzpfvmrSmyg/ International

tqif hr Sm ,SO f Ny d Ki fr,f h &wemyH k

tkdifwDNrdKUopf&JU vkdtyfcsufawGukd jznfh

qnf;EkdifzkdYyg/ vkdtyfwJh&if;jrpf? Re-

source awGukd teD;pyfqHk; rEÅav;u

,loHk;vkdY&r,fqkdwmu &Sif;jyp&mawmif

rvkdygbl;}}[k rD;ab;oifhcH &wemyHk

qkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;\ 'g½kdufwm

OD;odef;xGwfu ajymMum;onf/

]]ukdif;uRef;rSDuRef;ukdif;rDS qkdovkd

yJ &wemyHkom jzpfajrmufatmifjrifcJh&if

rEÅav;uvli,fawGtwGuf aysmuf

oGm;wJh Future jyef&r,f/ 'gayrJh tJ'D

tcsdefrSm olwkdYukd Develop vkyfay;Ekdif

r,fh ICT Park wpfckavmufr&Sdwmu

awmh tm;enf;csufwpfckjzpfvmvdrfh

r,f}} [k tkdifwDvkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u

qkdonf/

tqkd;xJutaumif; IT ZonetkdifwDem*pfjzpfNyD;aemufykdif; tqkd;

xJutaumif;[kajym&rnfrSm aps;csKd

IT Zone yifjzpfonf/ rEÅav;tajc

pkduf tkdifwDvkyfief;&SiftcsKdU\BudK;yrf;rI

aps;csK d BuD;Muyfa&;aumfrwD (Five

Ocean) \ yHhykd;rIjzifh tqkdygaps;csKd IT

Zone ay:xGef;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

tqkdyg aps;csKd IT Zone onf

tqifhjrifhaps;csKdyvmZm wwd,xyfESifh

pwkw¬wGif qkdifcef;aygif; 38 cef;jzifh

zGJUpnf;xm;NyD; ,cktcg ukrÜPD 16 ck

cefY pkpnf;vkyfukdifvsuf&S daMumif;

tqifhjrifhaps;csKdBuD;Muyfa&;aumfrwDrS

BuD;Muyfa&;rSL; a':a0a0EG,fu ajym

Mum;onf/

]]'gukd tkdifwDZkefvkdYyJ ,lqapcsif

w,f/ ICT Park r[kwfygbl;/ ICT

Park jzpfzkdY vkdtyfcsufaygif;rsm;pGm usef

aeygao;w,f}} [k tkdifwDZkefjzpfa&;

twGuf uruxjyKcJhNyD; vuf&Sd tkdifwD

ZkefBuD;Muyfa&;aumfrwD\ Ouú| wm0ef

,lxm;ol OD;odef;xGwfu ajymMum;

onf/

tqkdygZkefonf rEÅav; ICT

Park rD;ab;oifhcH&NyD;aemufykdif; yxr

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

61


qHk;ay:xGufvmaom tkdifwDukrÜPD

rsm;\ pkpnf;rIwpfckjzpfNyD; ,if;rSquf

vufí tkdifwDvkyfief;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;

twGuf vkyfief;&Sifrsm; pkpnf;yl;aygif;

vkyfukdifEkdifrnfhtvm;tvmaumif;rsm;

&&SdEkdifaMumif; tkdifwDvkyfief;&SifwpfOD;

u oHk;oyfajymMum;onf/

ref;tkdifwDorm;awG&JYqE´]]ICT Park twGuf ae&mwpfck&

NyD; taqmufttHkaqmufEkdifzkdYu yxr

tcsufyg/ wifjyxm;ygw,f/ ajrae

&m&zkdYuvnf; yHhykd;ulnDzkdYvkdygw,f}}

OD;odef;xGwfu qkdonf/

]]vwfwavmrSm uRefawmfwkdY&JU

Future aysmufaew,f/ tkdifwDynm

&yfoifwef;wufwm uGefysLwmypönf;

ta&mif;qkdifrSm tvkyf&½Hkavmufqkd&if

awmh uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf &if;ESD;xm;

wJhtcsdefawG b,fwefrvJ}} [k tkdifwD

ynm&Sifvli,fwpfOD;\pum; jzpfonf/

rEÅav;NrdKUcH tkdifwDvkyfief;&Sif?

ynm&Sifrsm;rSm vwfwavm rdrdwkdY\

vkyfief;rsm; &Sifoefa&;ukd OD;pm;ay;

ae&aomfvnf; tcGifhtvrf;&onfESifh

ICT Park wpfckay:aygufa&;twGuf

0kdif;0ef;BudK;yrf;aqmif&Guf&ef tqif

oifhtaetxm;&Sdaeonf/

b,favmufMumOD;rvJ]]&wemyHk qkdufbmaumfykda&;&Sif;

vkdjzpfvmzkdY ckepfESpf? &SpfESpfavmuf

uRefawmfwkdY BudK;pm;cJh&w,f/ tck jyef

xlaxmifzkdYqkdwm tedrfhqHk; 2 ESpf? oHk;ESpf

MumrSmyJ}} [k OD;odef;xGwfu ajymMum;

onf/

ed*Hk;rnfokdYyifqkdapumrl rEÅav;NrdKU

rS tkdifwDvkyfief;&Sifrsm;onf bmrSr&Sd

aom oknb0rS pvmolrsm;jzpfonf/

qkdvkdonfrSm tifwmeuf? uGefysLwm?

tkdifwD ponhfpum;vHk;rsm;ESifhyif r&if;

ESD;ao;aomywf0ef;usifwGif tkdifwDvkyf

ief;e,fy,f wpfenf;tm;jzifh tkdifwD

u@zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf BudK;yrf;aqmif

&GufEkdifcJhMujcif;jzpfonf/

,aeYtcsdefwGif rEÅav;onf

rsm;pGm jcm;em;aeayNyD/ tifwmeuf

uaz;rsm;? tkdifwDjyyGJrsm;wGif pdwf0if

pm;olrsm; tjynfh&Sdaeonf/ tkdifwDenf;

ynma[myGJ (Seminar) rsm;wGif avh

vmaeolrsm;ESifhtjynfh&SdaeouJhokdY uGef

ysLwmoHk;pGJolOD;a&uvnf; w&dyf&dyfwkd;

wufvmaeonfukd uGefysLwmqufpyf

ypönf;ta&mif;qkdifrsm; wkd;yGm;vmae

jcif;u oufaocHaeonf/

tppt&m&m wkd;wufajymif;vJ

vmaomywf0ef;usifwGif vkyfukdifcJhzl;

aom vkyfief;pOfwkdYukdyif jyefvnfvkyf

ukdif&rnfjzpf&m ,cifxuf tqaygif;

rsm;pGmwkd;wuf&ef tcGifhtvrf;&Sdaeay

onf/ wpfenf;qkdvQif 'Pf&m&oGm;

jcif;omjzpfí aq;aumif;0g;aumif;

(enf;rSefvrf;rSefESifh vHkavmufaomyHhykd;

rI) om &&Sdygu rEÅvm\ ICT u@

tvsiftjref jyefvnfzGHUNzdK;Ekdifayonf/

ausmfausmfrif;ausmfausmfrif;

ausmfausmfrif;ausmfausmfrif;ausmfausmfrif;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

62


roefpGrf;Muolrsm;ausmfaZ,smxGef;

ysLwma&SU&S d xk difck HwGif OD;acgif;uk dwpfzufokd Yapmif;um vlwpfysLwma&SU&S d xk difck HwGif OD;acgif;uk dwpfzufokd Yapmif;um vlwpf

ysLwma&SU&S d xk difck HwGif OD;acgif;uk dwpfzufokd Yapmif;um vlwpfysLwma&SU&S d xk difck HwGif OD;acgif;uk dwpfzufokd Yapmif;um vlwpfysLwma&SU&S d xk difck HwGif OD;acgif;uk dwpfzufokd Yapmif;um vlwpf

a,mufxkdifaeonf/ ol\vufrsm;u uGefysLwm a,mufxkdifaeonf/ ol\vufrsm;u uGefysLwm

a,mufxkdifaeonf/ ol\vufrsm;u uGefysLwm a,mufxkdifaeonf/ ol\vufrsm;u uGefysLwm a,mufxkdifaeonf/ ol\vufrsm;u uGefysLwm Keyboard

ay:wGif ay:wGif

ay:wGif ay:wGif ay:wGif

wpfcsufcsif;a&GUvsm;aeonf/ ol½kdufaeaompmrsm;u roefpGrf;olrsm;ESif hwpfcsufcsif;a&GUvsm;aeonf/ ol½kdufaeaompmrsm;u roefpGrf;olrsm;ESif h

wpfcsufcsif;a&GUvsm;aeonf/ ol½kdufaeaompmrsm;u roefpGrf;olrsm;ESif hwpfcsufcsif;a&GUvsm;aeonf/ ol½kdufaeaompmrsm;u roefpGrf;olrsm;ESif hwpfcsufcsif;a&GUvsm;aeonf/ ol½kdufaeaompmrsm;u roefpGrf;olrsm;ESif h

ywfoufaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;om jzpfonf/ olukd,fwkdifuvnf; oefrmywfoufaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;om jzpfonf/ olukd,fwkdifuvnf; oefrm

ywfoufaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;om jzpfonf/ olukd,fwkdifuvnf; oefrmywfoufaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;om jzpfonf/ olukd,fwkdifuvnf; oefrmywfoufaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;om jzpfonf/ olukd,fwkdifuvnf; oefrm

onfr[kwf/ olonf arG;&mygoli,femtaMumwif;jzpfaeonfh ukdZifrif;onfr[kwf/ olonf arG;&mygoli,femtaMumwif;jzpfaeonfh ukdZifrif;

onfr[kwf/ olonf arG;&mygoli,femtaMumwif;jzpfaeonfh ukdZifrif;onfr[kwf/ olonf arG;&mygoli,femtaMumwif;jzpfaeonfh ukdZifrif;onfr[kwf/ olonf arG;&mygoli,femtaMumwif;jzpfaeonfh ukdZifrif;

xuf jzpfonf/xuf jzpfonf/

xuf jzpfonf/xuf jzpfonf/xuf jzpfonf/

]]uRefawmfhukdarG;wkef;u ajc

axmufbufu pxGufwm/ arG;csdefMum

oGm;awmh OD;acgif;ukdxdckdufoGm;w,f/

&efukefNrKdUvkdae&mrsm;rSmqkd&ifawmh cGJ

arG;vkdY&wmaygh/ e,frSmqkdawmh vQyfppf

rD;r&Sdbl;/ tJ'gaMumifh tckvkdjzpfoGm;

wm}} [k pum;wpfcGef;ESifhwpfcGef;Mum;

tm;,lum ukdZifrif;xufu olYt

aMumif;ukd ajymjyonf/ olpum;ajym

onfhykHukdjrif&oltzkdY yifyef;onf[k

cHpm;&aomfvnf; olukd,fwkdifu þokdY

omajym&rnfqkdvQif wpfaeukefxkdifí

ajymEkdifonf[k qdkonf/

oli,femtaMumwif;onf OD;

aESmuftpdwftykdif;tcsKdU csKdU,Gif;rI

aMumifh ukd,fvuft*FgvIyf&Sm;rI<uuf

om;rsm; ykHrSefr[kwfaom um,qkdif&m

roefpGrf;rIwpfrsKd;jzpfonf/

ukdZifrif;xuf arG;zGm;cJhonfh

tcsdefu OD;aESmufukd xdckdufrI&SdcJhonfh

twGuf ukd,fcEmtpdwftykdif;wkdY roefbJ

oli,femtaMumwif; jzpfcJh&onf/

okdYaomf ukdZifrif;xufonf vlrpGrf;

ewfrjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ ukd,fcE¨m roef

aomfvnf; ukd,fwkdif vkHYv? 0D&d, BuKd;

pm;tm;xkwfrIaMumifh wuúokdvf0ifpm

ar;yGJukd *kPfxl;okH;bmomjzifh atmif

jrifcJhNyD; pD;yGm;a&;bGJUukd &&Sdxm;oljzpf

onf/ xkdYjyif tm;vyfonfhtcsdefrsm;

wGifvnf; yef;csDum;rsm;ukd a&;qGJcJh&m

yef;csDum;aygif; 300 ausmf a&;qGJEkdifcJh

NyD; yef;csDjyyGJrsm;ukdvnf; jyKvkyfEkdifcJh

onf/

roefpGrf;rIonf ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;&Sd&m

tjriftm½kHcsKdU,Gif;ol? tMum;tm½kHcsKdU

uGef

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

63


,Gif;ol? ukd,fvuft*FgrjynfhpkHolESifh

ÓPf&nfrrDolrsm; ponfjzifh em;vnf

xm;Muonf/ vlom;tjzpf pNyD;arG;zGm;

vmuwnf;uvnf;aumif;? arG;zGm;NyD;

rS taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ukd,fcE¨m

zGJUpnf;ykHtpdwftykdif;rsm; csKdU,Gif;tm;

enf;jcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; roefpGrf;

olrsm;jzpfwwfonf/ roefpGrf;olrsm;

onf urÇmOD;uwnf;u vlYtzGJUtpnf;

xJwGif tpdwftykdif;wpfcktjzpf wnf&Sd

vmcJhonf/ vlYorkdif;wpfavQmufvkH;

wGifvnf; roefpGrf;olrsm;ESifh ywfouf

í vltrsm;pk\oabmxm;tjrifwkdY

onfvnf; tcsdefumv? ,Ofaus;rI

ponfhtcsufrsm;ay:rlwnfí wjznf;

jznf;ajymif;vJvmcJhonf/

roefpGrf;olrsm;\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;

pwifay:aygufvmonfh 1970 jynfh

ESpfrwkdifrDumvrsm;u roefpGrf;olrsm;

ukd uHraumif;olrsm;? tokH;rusolrsm;?

vlpOfrrDolrsm;? rdom;pkESifh vlYtzGJU

tpnf;tokdif;t0kdif;\ 0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;

pojzifh xifjrif,lqcJhMuonf/ olwkdY

onf vltrsm;pk\ vlrIqufqHa&;e,f

y,ftokdif;t0kdif;ESifh tajctaetrsKd;

rsKd;wGif a&m,Sufyg0ifrIr&SdbJ oD;oefY

wpfukd,fwnf;aeaomtkyfpktjzpf vlY

orkdif;wpfavQmufvkH; wnf&SdvmcJh

&onf/

okdYaomf aemufykdif;wGif roefpGrf;

olrsm;\vIyf&Sm;rI pwifay:aygufvm

csdefrSpí roefpGrf;olrsm;tay: ,cifu

xufydkí em;vnfvmonfhtjyif tjcm;

oabmxm;wkdYvnf; wpfqifhwkd;wuf

vmcJhonf/ roefpGrf;olrsm;ESifhywf

oufaomjyóemukdajz&Sif;&eftwGuf

roefpGrf;ol\ ukd,fcEmukd enf;rsKd;pkHjzifh

cGJpdwfukojyKjyif avhusifhNyD; jyefvnf

oefpGrf;vmap&ef jyKvkyfay;cJhMuonf/

,aeY 21 &mpk owif;acwfwGif

vlom;wpfOD;\ pGrf;aqmifcsufukd

tokH;csEkdifaom vG,fulonfhenf;vrf;

rsKd;pkH&SdvmNyDjzpfaomaMumifh roefpGrf;

olrsm;\b0onfvnf; ,cifESifhrwl

awmhay/ roefpGrf;olrsm;\ta&;onf

vnf; ½Iaxmifhtopfjzifh em;vnfo

abmaygufvmNyDjzpfonf/ vlrIa&;vkyf

ief;? y&[dwvkyfief;rsm;ESifhom ouf

qkdifonfhudpör[kwfawmhbJ tm;vkH;ESifh

qkdifaomta&;udpöjzpfvmcJhonf/

]]vlYtzGJUtpnf;rSm roefpGrf;wJhol

awG cGJjcm;cH&wm[m olwkdY&JU ukd,fcE¨m

tpdwftykdif;awG csKdU,Gif;vkdYr[kwfyg

bl;/ olwkdYtwGuf tqifajyr,fh ywf

0ef;usifr&SdvkdY jzpfwmyg/ tck roefpGrf;

wJhvlwpfa,muf ½kyf&SifMunfhcsifw,f/

'gayrJh ½kyf&Sif½kHu olwkdYMunfhEkdifwJh'DZkdif;

eJY wnfaqmufxm;wm r[kwfbl;/

'g[m cEmukd,froefpGrf;vkdYr[kwfbl;/

ywf0ef;usifaMumifhyg/ 'gaMumifh vlawG

zefwD;wJhtaqmufttkH'DZkdif;? um;'DZkdif;?

uGefysLwm'DZkdif; pwmawGudk omrefvl

aumif;wpfa,mufokH;Ekdifovkd roefpGrf;

olawGvnf; okH;Ekdifatmif zefwD;ay;&

rSmaygh/ 'gaMumifh roefpGrf;rIqkdwm roef

pGrf;olawGeJYyJ oufqkdifwm r[kwfawmh

ygbl;/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpfckvkH;eJY ouf

qkdifaewmyg}} [k roefpGrf;olrsm;ESifh

ywfoufí &yf&GmtajcjyK jyefvnfxl

axmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufae

aom {'if&dyfNrKHrS roefpGrf;olwpfOD;jzpf

aom refae*sm OD;aevif;pkd;u ajymMum;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

64


onf/

]]vrf;awG? taqmufttkHawG

wnfaqmufawmhr,fqkd&if roefpGrf;

wJholawGtwGufyg tokH;jyKEkdifatmif

wnfaqmufay;&rSmyg/ Oyrm-rD;yGKdifh

wyfqifr,fqkd&if rsufrjrifwJholawG

twGuf toHygwJhrD;yGKdifhukd wyfqifay;

wmrsKd;/ t&ifu rsufrjrifwJholawG

uGefysLwmokH;vkdYr&bl;/ tckawmh rsuf

rjrifwJholawGygokH;EkdifwJh uGefysLwm

awG ay:aeNyD/ tJ'DvkdtaqmufttkH

awG? ypönf;awGukd tm;vkH;okH;EkdifwJh'DZkdif;

eJY ajymif;vJvkdufwm[m roefpGrf;ol

awGtwGufyJ tusKd;&Sdwmr[kwfygbl;/

tjcm; oufBuD;&G,ftkdawGtwGufyg

tokH;0ifvmwmrsKd; &Sdygw,f/ aemufNyD;

roefpGrf;rIqkdwmu vlYtzGJUtpnf;eJY

tNrJ'GefwGJaewm/ 'DaeY vlwpfa,muf

ukd,fvufawGaumif;aeayr,fh aemuf

aeYus&if roefpGrf; jzpf&ifjzpfoGm;rSm/

'gaMumifh taqmufttkH? ypönf;'DZkdif;

awGukd ajymif;vJvkdufwm[m a&&Snft

wGufyg aumif;ygw,f}} [k OD;aevif;pkd;

u ¤if;BuKHawGUae&aom tajctae

rsm;ukd EIdif;,SOfum a&SUqufvkyf&rnfh

ykHpHwpfckukd ajymjyonf/

urÇmay:&Sd zGHUNzKd;NyD;EkdifiHrsm;wGif

aexkdifMuaom roefpGrf;olrsm;\ vl

aerIb0onf tqifhjrifhwkd;wufNyD;

oufaomifhoufom&Sdap&ef tpkd;&u

Oya'rsm;jy|mef;um ulnDaxmufyHhay;

xm;Muonf/ roefpGrf;olrsm;twGuf

vkdtyfaom0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh tm;jyK

ud&d,mrsm;ukdvnf; tqifhjrifhenf;

ynmrsm;okH;um wDxGifBuHqí xkwf

vkyfay;MuNyD; taxmuftuljyKypönf;

rsm;ukd tcrJhjzefYa0ay;jcif;? roefpGrf;ol

rsm; 0,f,lEkdifonfh aps;EIef;rsm;tjzpf

vnf; owfrSwfay;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfay;

Muonf/

]]EkdifiHwpfckzGHUNzKd;wm wkduftjrifh

BuD;awGeJY rqkdifygbl;/ olwkdYEkdifiHrSm

roefpGrf;olawG&JU aeYpOfvlrIa&;b0

jrifhrm;rIukdMunfh&if odEkdifygw,f/ roef

pGrf;olawG&JUvlaerIb0 jrifhr,fqkd&if

tjcm;olawG&JU vlrIb0[mvnf; jrifh

rSmygyJ}}[k ukdZifrif;xufu &Sif;jyonf/

,if;tjyif EkdifiHwpfckwGif roef

pGrf;olrsm;ukd tjcm;jynfolrsm;enf;wl

vlYtcGifhta&;? EkdifiHom;tcGifhta&;ESifh

EkdifiHa&;qkdif&mtcGifhta&;rsm; &&Sda&;

ESifh roefpGrf;olrsm;\ &ykdifcGifhrsm;?

roefpGrf;olrsm;\tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd um

uG,fay;rnfh Oya'rsm; ponfwkdYukd

vnf; tpkd;&taejzifh trsKd;om;tqifh

Oya'rsm;a&;qGJ&mwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;

pm;&rnf jzpfonf/

]]wpfcgu uRefawmfhtazeJY vkdif;

um;pD;Muw,f/ uRefawmfu um;acgif;

cef;rSm/ tazuawmh ae&mr&S dvk d Y

aemufrSmpD;&w,f/ um;acgif;cef;rSmu

um;armif;orm;&,f? uRefawmf&,f?

tjcm;trsKd;om;wpfa,muf&,faygh/

uRefawmfu tv,fu/ uRefawmhfab;

em;rSm&SdwJh trsKd;om;wpfa,mufu

uRefawmfhukd pw,f/ aemufNyD; uRefawmfh

vnfyif;ukd n§pfw,f/ olu tm;eJYn§pf

awmh touf&SLusyfvmwmaygh/ uRef

awmf½kef;wm ½kef;vkdYr&bl;/ um;armif;

orm;uvnf; olwkdYtcsif;csif;odaevkdY

vm;rodbl;/ bmrS0ifrajymygbl;/ um;

*dwf&if;a&mufawmh uRefawmfhtazukd

ajymvkdufw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY *dwfrSm

wkdifMuw,f/ 'gayrJh olwkdYtcsif;csif;

ajyvnfoGm;MuwmyJ/ uRefawmfwkdYu

qufwkdifzkdYvkyfao;w,f/ b,fukdwkdif

&rSef;rodbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'DvkdBuKHawGU&

wJhroefpGrf;awGukd umuG,fay;r,fh

Oya'awGu wu,fvkdtyfygw,f}} [k

oli,femtaMumwif;aMumifh roefpGrf;

jzpfaeom ukdZifrif;xufu ¤if;\

tawGUtBuKHESifhEIdif;,SOfum roefpGrf;ol

rsm;ukdumuG,f&ef Oya'rsm;vkdtyf

aMumif; ajymMum;onf/

,if;tjyif roefpGrf;olrsm;ESifh

ywfoufonfh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;?

vlxkynmay;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ukdvnf;

OD;pGmus,fus,fjyefYjyefY vkyfaqmifoGm;

&ef vkdtyfvsuf&Sdonf/ ¤if;wkdY\ tm;

enf;csufukdom ½Ijrifjcif;xuf ¤if;wkdY

\tm;omcsufrsm;ukdMunfhNyD; rnfokdY

jyefvnfjyKpkysKd;axmifay;a&;om t"du

jzpfívmonf/ xkdYaMumifh omrefynm

a&;pepfjzif hoifMum;&efcufcJaom

roefpGrf;uav;rsm;ukd txl;ynma&;

pepfjzifh oifMum;vmMuonf/ txl;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

65


ynma&;pepfwGif oif,lolwpfOD;csif;pD

\ oD;jcm;vkdtyfcsufrsm;tvkduf jznfh

qnf;oifMum;ay;Ekdifonfhenf;pepfrsm;

yg0if&m tjriftm;enf;olukd pmvkH;BuD;

BuD;jzifh ½kdufESdyfxm;aompmtkyfjzifh oif

Mum;ay;jcif;? ukd,fcE¨mroefpGrf;aom

uav;rsm;twGuf txl;jyKvkyfxm;

aompm;yGJESifh xkdifckHrsm;jzifh oifMum;ay;

jcif; ponfwdkY ay:aygufvmcJhMuonf/

]]uRefawmfwkdY {'ifroefpGrf;ouf

i,fausmif;ukd 2000 jynfhESpfupNyD; zGifh

jzpfcJhw,f/ 'DrSmu ukd,ft*FgcsKdUwJhol?

roefpGrf;uav;? ÓPf&nfrrDwJhuav;

awGvkdtyfwJh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;?

ynmay;a&;eJY tjcm;vlrIa&;0efaqmif

rIawGukd t"duvkyfay;wmaygh/ jyefvnf

xlaxmifa&;? ynmay;a&;eJYywfouf

NyD;awmh 2001 ckESpfupNyD; C.B.R

(Community Based Rehabilitation)

vkd Yac:wJh roefpGrf;olrsm;twGuf

&yfuGuftajcjyKjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;

vkyfief;awGukd vIdifom,mNrKdUe,fxJrSm

vkyfcJhw,f/ atmifjrifrIvnf; &Sdygw,f/

uRefawmfwkdYtaeeJY e,frSm roefpGrf;ol

awGeJYywfoufwJh jyefvnfxlaxmif

a&;? ynmay;a&;awGukd pdwf0ifpm;wJh

olawG&Sd&if yHhykd;ay;zkdYvnf; tpDtpOf&Sd

ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYukd,fwkdifu e,f

rSmvkyfzkdY rvG,fao;bl;/ vlxkxJrSm

roefpGrf;eJYywfoufNyD; Awareness jzpf

zkdYuawmh trsm;BuD;vkdygao;w,f}} [k

{'ifroefpGrf;oufi,frsm;jyKpk&m&dyfNrKH

\ tkyfcsKyfrI'g½kdufwm OD;xmtkyfu

¤if;\tawGUtBuKHudk &Sif;jyonf/

]]uRefrwkdYausmif;rSm ukd,ft*Fg

roefpGrf;ol? ÓPf&nfrrDoluav;awG

ukd aeYpOfvIyf&Sm;rIrSmvkdtyfwJht&mawG

ukd t"duxm;oifay;w,f/ xrif;pm;

wm? tusÐ0wfwm? aemufaz;oGm;wm

rsKd;aygh/ pmoifvkdY&wJhuav;usawmh

rlvwef;txd qufxm;ay;w,f/ ,ck

aemufykdif; ausmif;rSm uav;uykdrsm;

vmw,f/ t"du rdbawGu roefpGrf;

eJY ywfoufNyD; em;vnfvmMuvkdYyg/

t&ifuqkd tdrfrSm roefpGrf;wJhuav;&Sd

&if &SufMuw,f/ vlodrcHcsifbl;/ wcsKdU

qkd OpömapmifhqkdwmrsKd;awmif t,ltq

&SdMuw,f/ tckqkd 'grsKd;r&Sdawmhbl;/

rdbawGukd,fwkdifuem;vnfNyD; ausmif;

ukdvmykdYMuw,f/ uRefrwkdYausmif;u

uav; 100 avmufyJvufcHwm/ tck

150 &Sdw,f/ 'gawmif ausmif;tyfcsifvkdY

apmifhaewJhrdbawG &Sdao;w,f/ uRefr

wkdYu ausmif;taetxm;eJY q&mrta&

twGufaMumifh vufrcHwmyg}} [k vlrI

0efxrf;Xmevufatmuf&Sd roefpGrf;

oufi,foifwef;ausmif;rS ausmif;tkyf

a':&Drmwifu ajymMum;onf/

,if;uJhokdY txl;ynma&;pepfjzifh

oifMum;ay;aom roefpGrf;oifwef;

ausmif;rsm; ydkrdkzGifhvSpfEkdifjcif;? roef

pGrf;olrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh ynmay;

tpDtpOfrsm; us,fjyefYpGmaqmif&Gufvm

Ekdifjcif; ponfh aqmif&GufrIrsm;u roef

pGrf;olrsm;tygt0if rdbrsm;udkyg tawG;

tjrifwdkYajymif;vJapcJhonf/ roefpGrf;

wpfa,mufjzpfaeaomfvnf; BudK;pm;yg

u atmifjrifEkdifonfhtcGifhtvrf;rsm;&Sd

onfudk od&SdvmMuonf/ vufawGUü

vnf; erlem,lp&m atmifjrifaeonfh

roefpGrf;olrsm; &SdMuonf/ ,if;wdkYwGif

roefpGrf;olwpfOD;jzpfol a&ul;csefyD,H

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

66


udk0if;qef;atmifu ]]uRefawmf jzpfcsif

wmu *Dworm; tckjzpfaewmu

a&ul;csefyD,H/ uRefawmfu i,fi,fu

wnf;u wD;0dkif;axmifzdkY &nf&G,fcsuf

&SdcJhwm/ tck uRefawmf a&ul;vdkY&wJha&T

wHqdyfqkawGeJY wD;0dkif;axmifzdkYpDpOfxm;

w,f/ uRefawmfudk,fwkdifvnf; oDcsif;

awGa&;ygw,f}} [k rdrd\tem*wftdyf

rufrsm; taumiftxnfazmfaeyHkudk ajym

jyonf/ udk0if;qef;atmifonf 1999

ckESpfrSpí befaumufüusif;ycJhaom

zwfpzpfa&ul;NydKifyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf

NydKifcJh&m 'kwd,qkudk &&SdcJhonf/ ,if;

aemuf 2000 jynfhESpf rav;&Sm;EkdifiHü

usif;yonfh yg&mvHypf zdwfac:NydKifyGJ

wGif a&Tajcmufck? aiGajcmufck? aMu;wpf

ck? 2001 ckESpf rav;&Sm; tmqD,H*drf;

tqifhjrifhNydKifyGJwGif a&Tig;ck? aiGESpfck?

2002 ckESpf awmifudk&D;,m;EkdifiH ylqef

NrdKUwGifusif;ycJhaomNydKifyGJwGif a&TwH

qdyfqkwpfck? 2003 ckESpf AD,uferfEkdifiH

ü usif;ycJhonfhyGJü a&Twpfck? aiGwpfck?

2005 ckESpf zdvpfydkiftmqD,H*drf;ü aiG

ESpfck? 2006 ckESpf rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif

usif;yonfhyGJü aMu;wHqdyfwpfck ponf

jzifh qkwHqdyftoD;oD; &&SdcJhonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif roefpGrf;olrsm;

ESifhywfoufí ynmay;a&;? A[kokw

jzefYa0a&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;rsm;

ukd tpkd;&Xmersm;? jynfwGif;jynfy

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u wwftm;orQ aqmif

&Gufay;vsuf&Sdonf/ ynmay;pmwrf;

rsm; jzefYa0ay;jcif;? tdrfwkdif&ma&muf

ynmay;jcif;? jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;

ausmif;rsm; zGifhvSpfay;Ekdifjcif;? oifwef;

rsm;ykdYcsay;jcif;? roefpGrf;olrsm;ESifh ywf

oufonfh t&if;tjrpfpifwmrsm; zGifh

vSpfay;Ekdifjcif; ponfhwkd;wufrIrsm; &Sd

vmcJhonf/

,if;tjyif arSmfbDNrKdUe,f ajrmif;

wumwGif vlxktzGJUtpnf;twGif;

roefpGrf;ESifhywfoufaom oabmxm;

rsm;? t,ltqrsm; ykdrdkem;vnfoabm

aygufvmap&ef&nf&G,fí roefpGrf;rI

A[kdjyKzGHUNzKd;a&;pifwmukd {'if&dyfNrKHrS

uruxjyKí 2008 ckESpfwGif zGifhvSpf

EkdifcJhNyD; tqkdygoifwef;ü &yf&GmtajcjyK

jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;oifwef;? roef

pGrf;rInDrQa&;oifwef;? roefpGrf;rIowd

jyKa&;oifwef;? roefpGrf;rIESifh zGHUNzKd;a&;

oifwef; ponfwkdYukd zGifhvSpfoifMum;

oGm;rnf jzpfonf/ ,if;vkyfief;rsm;

onf EkdifiHwpfckvkH;ESifhwkdif;wmrnfqkdyg

u 0efESifhtm;rrQonfhudpö&yfrsm;vnf;

&Sdae&m vlxkwpf&yfvkH;ESifh tpkd;&tzGJUt

pnf;rsm;vnf; tav;xm;yl;aygif;

aqmif&Guf&ef vkdtyfvsuf&Sdonf/

]]roefpGrf;olwpfa,mufukdawGU&if

olY&JUtm;enf;csufqkdwmxuf olY&JU

tm;om;csufukd Munfhapcsifw,f/

roefpGrf;olawGtaeeJYvnf; uRefawmf

wkdY[m roefpGrf;jzpfayr,fhvnf; wjcm;

olawGu ulnDay;wm? az;ray;wm&Sdyg

w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYuvnf;

vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGuf tusKd;jyK&r,f/

vlYtzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckvkH; zGHUNzKd;vmzkdY

twGuf roefpGrf;awGtygt0if tm;vkH;

yg0ifaqmif&Gufapcsifw,f/ tck uRef

awmfhtaeeJYvnf; roefpGrf;eJYywfouf

NyD; oifwef;ay;wm/ roefpGrf;olawG

taMumif; vlxkMum;xJ us,fjyefYvmzkdY

twGuf pmwrf;jzefYa0ay;wmawG vkyf

aeygw,f}} [k ukdZifrif;xufu ol\

qE´ESifh ol\vufawGUvIyf&Sm;aeykHukd

ajymMum;onf/

olonf roefpGrf;olwpfOD;tjzpf

arG;zGm;vmcJhaomfvnf; ol\BuKd;pm;rI

ESifh ywf0ef;usifulnDrIrsm;aMumifh ukd,f

ykdifpGrf;tm;jzifh &yfwnfEkdifcJh\/ xkdYjyif

olukd,fwkdif vlYb0wGif &yfwnfvmEkdif

cJhovkd tjcm;aom b0wlrsm;ukdvnf;

olwkdYajcaxmufay: olwkdY&yfwnfvm

apcsifonf/ vlxkukdvnf; roefpGrf;ol

rsm;tay: tav;xm;um tjrifrsm;

ajymif;vJvmapcsifonf/ þonfwkdY

um; ol\qE´jzpfonf/ ol\&nfrSef;

csufjzpfonf/ xkd&nfrSef;csufrsm;

taumiftxnfay:vmap&eftwGuf

vnf; olonf uGefysLwma&SUwGifxkdif

um pmvkH;rsm;ukd wpfvkH;csif;½kdufíae

av\/

ausmfaZ,smxGef;ausmfaZ,smxGef;

ausmfaZ,smxGef;ausmfaZ,smxGef;ausmfaZ,smxGef;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

68

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

69


bk&ifUaemifukefpnfaps;uGufjrefrmEkdifiH\ v,f,mxGufukef

aumufyJoD;ESHrsKd;pHka&mif;0,fa&; A[dk

csufjzpfonfh r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f&Sd bk&ifh

aemifyGJ½HkESifh ta0;ajy;ukefwif,mOf&yf

em;pcef;wGif ZlvdkifvtwGif;ü ygrpf&&Sd

rItaetxm;aMumifh qefaps;EIef;rsm;

at;aeouJhodkY pm;tkef;qDaps;EIef;rsm;

vnf; usvsuf&Sdum MuufoGefeD aps;EIef;

rSmrl ,ckESpftwGif; yxrqHk;tBudrf aps;

tjrifhodkYajymif;vJcJhonf/ xdkYtwl tmvl;

rSmvnf; ypönf;jywfonftxd t0,f

vkdufcJhNyD; i½kwfrSmrl yHkrSefta&mif;t

0,fjzpfcJhaMumif;? ZlvdkifvtwGif; xl;

jcm;rIwpf&yfrSm jynfyydkYukef yJrsKd;pHkaps;

uGuftwGif; rwfyJ? yJpif;iHk? yJwDpdrf;rsm;

ododomomaps;tjrifhodkY ajymif;vJcJhNyD;

avSmifvufrsm; tjrwf&cJhaMumif; aps;

uGuftwGif;rS od&Sd&onf/

yJavSmifvufawGjrwfjynfyydkYukefyJrsKd;pHkaps;uGufwGif

ukefonftrsm;pk ta&mif;t0,ftDae

csdefü tdEd´,odkY oabFmwifrnfholrsm;

yJt0,foGufí avSmifvufrsm;tjrwf

&cJhonf/ tqdkygoabFmwifowif;

aMumifh ta0;rSef; (BudKyGdKifh) aps;EIef;

wufrnf[k rSef;qcsufESifh Mo*kwf? puf

wifbm? atmufwdkbm BudKyGdKifhta&mif;

t0,frsm; aps;jrifhvmjcif;yifjzpfonf/

Zlvkdifv 28 &ufaeYu yJpif;iHk

wpfwef vufiif;ta&mif;t0,f usyf

680ç000 jzpfaecsdefwGif wpfvqdkif;

aiGacs wpfwefvQif usyf 750ç000 cefY

ta&mif;t0,fjzpfcJhaMumif;? tqdkyg

aps;EIef;onf twdk; &SpfusyfEIef;ESifhwGuf

vQif yJaps;aumif;onfhoabmjzpf

aMumif; ukefpnf'dkifodkY aeYpOfvma&muf

avh&SdolwpfOD;u oHk;oyfajymMum;onf/

]]yJaps;aumif;w,fqdkwmawmh

rSefygw,f/ 'gayrJh aiGaps;eJYwGuf&if

rESpfuaps;udkawmh rrDao;bl;}} [k

¤if;u qkdonf/

NyD;cJhonfhESpfu yJwDpdrf; wpfwef

vQif tar&duefa':vm 660 &SdNyD; aiGvJ

EIef;rSm 1ç400 usyfcefY&SdaMumif;? ,ck

tcsdefwGif wpfwef a':vm 720 txd

aps;&aomfvnf; aiGvJEIef;rSm 1ç200

usyfatmufwGifom&SdaMumif; taomu

vrf;&Sd yJa&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;

u &Sif;jyonf/

,ckuJhodkY yJaps;rsm; jyefvnf

aumif;rGefvmjcif;rSm rwfyJESifh yJpif;iHk

udk EkdifiHpHku0,f,lvmcsdefü jynfwGif;

wGif yJvufusefenf;aeí aps;upm;Ekdif

jcif;aMumifhjzpfaMumif;? &moDOwktae

txm;aMumif h y Jvufusefenf;ae

aMumif;? vmrnfhvrsm;ü yJaps;EIef;quf

vufaumif;? raumif;qdkonfrSm tdEd,

0,fvufrsm; t0,fxGuf? rxGufESifh

oabFmwif&Sd? r&Sday:rSmom rlwnf

aMumif; tqdkyg aps;uGufapmifhMunfhavh

vmolwpfOD;u qufvuf&Sif;jyonf/

ZlvkdifvaemufqHk;ywfü rwfyJ

ydóm 60 0ifwpftdwfvQif 69ç500

usyf wpfvrS ajcmufvqkdif;jzifh wef

300? Mo*kwfv ypönf;tyf wpftdwfudk

71ç000 usyfjzifh wef 100? Mo*kwfv

ypönf;tyfaiGacs 72ç500 usyfjzifh wef

200? wpftdwfvQif 70ç000 usyfjzifh

wef 1000 txd wpfvrSajcmufvqdkif;

ta&mif;t0,fjzpfouJhodkY twkd;rSm

vnf; av;usyfcG JrS &Spfusyftxd&Sd

aMumif;? yJpif;iHkteD wpfwef wpfvqkdif;

750ç000 usyfjzifhvnf;aumif;? yJwD

pdrf;wpfwefudk 740ç000 usyfjzifhvnf;

aumif; ta&mif;t0,fjzpfcJhaMumif; ukef

pnf'dkif\ ta&mif;t0,fpm&if;rsm;t&

od&onf/

aps;aumif;&onfU MuufoGefeDpm;zdkaqmifoD;ESHrsKd;pHkaps;uGufwGif

jr0wD0,fvufrsm;aMumifh Zlvdkifv 'kwd,

ywftwGif; e,fMuufoGefeDaps;EIef;rsm;

rSm ,ckESpftwGif; yxrqHk;tBudrf wpf

ydóm 600 usyfjzifh aps;aumif;&cJh

aMumif; MuufoGefeDa&mif;0,fa&;vkyf

ief;&Sifrsm;u ajymMum;onf/

odkY&mwGif jr0wD0,fvufrsm;

t0,fvdkufvmcsdefü e,f0,fvufrsm;

onf ac:aps;rsm;jrifhvGef;ojzifh t0,f

jyefqkdif;oGm;NyD;aemuf aps;EIef;rsm;jyef

at;vmaMumif;? ,ckuJhodkY aps;aumif;

&vkdufojzifh awmufavQmuf ½HI;xm;ol

rsm; aps;jyef&onfhtaetxm;jzpf

aMumif; ¤if;wdkYxHrS od&Sd&onf/

jr0wDvkdif;orm;rsm; e,fqif;0,f

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

70


csdefwGif &efukefü wpfydómvQif 250

usyf&Sdaom MuufoGefeDaps;EIef;onf

wpf&ufvQif 10? 15 usyf aps;EIef;jrifh

csdefü 25? 50 usyftxd wjznf;jznf;

tjrifhodkYajymif;vJoGm;aomaMumifh wpf

ydómvQif 600? 650 usyftxd a&muf

&SdcJhaMumif;? e,fwGifrl *RH (aomif;ajymif;)

wpfydóm usyf 500 cefY&SdaMumif;? wpf

ydóm 650 usyftxda&mufcJhaom

MuufoGefeDonf vukef&ufydkif;ü 550?

525 usyftxd jyefqif;vmaMumif;

taomuvrf;rS MuufoGefeDa&mif;0,f

a&;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u &Sif;jyonf/

MuufoGefeDaps;EIef;onf Zlvkdifv

ü ESpfpOfwufavh&SdNyD; ,ck&moDtwGif;

wpfydóm 300 usyfESifh avSmifxm;ol

rsm;onf wpfydóm 400? 450 usyfjzifh

a&mif;cscJhMuaMumif;? Mo*kwfvwGif

jr0wDe,fpyfuqGJouJhodkY b*Fvm;a'h&Sf

uvnf; t0,f&Sdao;aMumif;? ,ckESpf

wGif b*Fvm;a'h&SfrS 0,fonfhtoH rMum;

&ao;aMumif;? jrif;NcH MuufoGefeDrSmrl

wpfydóm 600 usyfcefY&SdaMumif;? Muuf

oGefeDudk jynfyodkYwifydkY&mü oabFmjzifh

yHkrSefwifydkYonfxuf e,fpyfukefoG,f

a&;rSoGm;onfhyrmPursm;aMumif;

bk&ifhaemifyGJ½HkrS vkyfouf&ifhpm;zdkaqmif

oD;ESHrsKd;pHka&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;

u qkdonf/

a&mif;vdkolrsm;onfUqefyHkrSeftm;jzifh rkd;&moDumvwGif

qefaps;EIef; tjrifhodkY ajymif;avhajymif;x

&Sdaomfvnf; ,ckESpfwGifrl tajymif;tvJ

r&SdaMumif; ydawmufvrf;tajcpdkuf qef

a&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u qkd

onf/

rEÅav;wkdif;ESifh &Srf;jynfe,f

awmifydkif;odkY qefwifydkYvkdonfholrsm;

tqifajyap&ef toif;u pDpOfay;rnf

jzpfaMumif;? qeft0gazmufrsm;rSm arQmf

rSef;xm;onfxuf oufwrf;Mum&Snf

pGm aps;uGufodkY0ifa&mufaeaMumif;?

þyHkpHtwkdif;om0ifa&mufaeygu ESpf

pOf Mo*kwfva&mufwkdif; qefaps;wuf

avh&Sdaomfvnf; ,ckESpfwGifrl wuf&ef

r&SdaMumif; yGJ½Hktrsm;pku oHk;oyfxm;

Muonf/

qefMurf; 108 aygifwpftdwf\

ZlvdkifvaemufqHk;ywftwGif; ta&mif;

t0,fjzpfcJhonfhaps;EIef;rsm;rSm ajrmif;jr

aEGqeftMurf;&Snf wpftdwf 17ç000

usyf? aEGqeftedrfh wpftdwf 15ç000

usyfrS 16ç000 usyfcefY? usKdufvwf?

armfvNrdKifuRef;? a';'&J wpftdwf

15ç500 usyf? tacsmxdyfp 35ç000 rS

36ç000 usyfcefY? ay:uRJ (ay:qef;vwf)

wpftdwf 18ç500 usyfcefYjzifh ta&mif;

t0,fjzpfcJhaMumif; aps;uGuftwGif;rS

pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

71


tdrfta&mufydkYrSm yHkrSefxuf tenf;

i,f trSmrsm;aMumif;? em*pfNyD;cgpu

0,fxm;onfhqefrsm; ukefoGm;NyD; Mo*kwf

vtwGif;a&mufvmvQif qefaps;wuf

rnf[k rSef;qcsufjzifh wpftdwf? ESpftdwf

rSmolrsm;vnf; Zlvdkifvukefü oHk;av;

tdwfcefYydkrSmvmaMumif; bk&ifhaemifyGJ½Hk

tajcpdkuf tdrfta&mufydkY qefa&mif;

0,fa&;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u ajymMum;

onf/

aps;rmaomi½kwfoD;Zlvd kifvyxrywftwGif; t

a&mif;t0,fjzpfcJhonfh i½kwfoD;aps;EIef;

onf e,fpyform;rsm;tBudKuf aps;EIef;

rsm;jzpfaeí aemufydkif;wGif aps;rmvmcJh

onf/ vukefcgeD;&ufü e,fpyform;

rsm; xifoavmufrqGJí aps;EIef;jyef

at;cJhaMumif;? jrpf0uRef;ay:a'o a&T

avmif;? 0g;c,frwdkYrS i½kwf&Snf0ifa&muf

rI&yfoGm;NyD; tnmi½kwf&SnfrSmrl atmuf

wdkbmvydkif;rSom ay:&ef&SdaMumif;?

ausmufqnfa'orS pdrf;pm;tykrSm wHk;

cgeD;aomfvnf; Mo*kwfvwGif rdwD¬vm?

aysmfbG,f? oJawmbufrS aygaygrsm;

rsm;xGufvm&ef&Sdojzifh i½kwfoD;aps;EIef;

wuf&efr&SdaMumif;? Zlvdkifvü avSmif

vuftcsKdUESifh trIefYBudwfvkyfief;&Sif

tcsKdU t0,fxGufí i½kwfoD;aps;EIef; wpf

ydómudk 20 usyf? 25 usyf? 50 usyf

txd wufcJhaomfvnf; Mo*kwfvwGifrl

ododomomajymif;vJ&efr&SdaMumif;?

ZlvkdifvaemufqHk;ywfü ausmufqnf

rdk;axmifwpfydóm 1ç750 rS 1ç800

usyfcefY? aysmfbG,f 2ç250 rS 2ç300 usyf?

t&SnftnHh 1ç900 rS xdyfp 2ç000 usyf?

pdrf;pm;tyk 2ç600 usyf? pdrf;pm;tyGrSm

aps;usNyD; qifjzLuRef;rSm wpfydóm

3ç000 rS 3ç500 usyfcefY&SdaMumif; i½kwf

oD;yGJ½Hkrsm;xHrS pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/

0rf;wGif;rS i½kwfoD;ay:vmvQif

xl;xl;jcm;jcm;aps;EIef;ajymif;vJ&efr&SdbJ

qufat;Ekdifrnf[k yGJ½Hkvkyfief;&Sifrsm;

u cefYrSef;xm;Muonf/

jyKwfuscJUaompm;tkef;qDvloHk;rsm;onfh tajccHpm;ukefjzpf

aom pm;tkef;qDonf e,fpyfukefoG,f

a&;rSwpfqifh wHigonfwHqdyf? ykpGef

ESpfaumifwHqdyf 10 ydóm0ifyHk;rsm;

0ifa&mufvmjcif;aMumifh aps;EIef;rsm;

jyKwfuscJh&aMumif;? Zlvdkifv 2 &ufaeY

u vufiif;aps; wpfydóm 3ç060 usyf

cefY&Sdaom pm;tkef;qDaps;EIef;onf Zlvdkif

v 4 &ufrS 9 &ufaeYwGif wpfydóm

3ç090 usyftxda&mufNyD;aemuf awmuf

avQmufjyKwfuscJhaMumif;? wpfydóm

2ç950 usyfrS wpf&ufvQif 25? 50 usyf

cefYpDusqif;cJhNyD; vukef&ufwGif wpf

ydóm 2ç750 usyf? 2ç735 usyf0ef;usif

ü vIdif;pD;aeaMumif;? Zlvdkifvaemuf

qHk;ywf 31^2008 cGJwrf;aps;EIef;rSm

wpfydóm 2ç486 usyfcefY&SdaMumif;

ukef pnf'dkifowif;rsm;t& od&onf/

yHk;qD 10 ydóm0ifwpfyHk;vQif

35ç000 usyfrS Zlvkdifv 21 &ufaeYwGif

32ç700 usyftxd usqif;vmaMumif;?

Zlvkdifv 24 &uf? 25 &ufaeYwdkYwGif

31ç000 usyftxdjzpfvmaMumif;? aumf

yHk;cGHwpfyHk;udk jyefoGif;vQif 1ç500 usyf

cefY&í yHk;wefzkd;oufomaMumif;? oHyHk;

rSm 31ç500 usyfcefY&SdaMumif;? yHk;qD

trsm;pkonf uefqDrsm;xuf t&nf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

72


taoG;aumif;rGefojzifh vlBudKufydkrsm;

aMumif; pm;tkef;qDa&mif;0,fa&;vkyf

ief;&SifwpfOD;uqdkonf/ yJqDrSmrl yDyg

aps;EIef; wpfydóm 4ç700 rS 4ç800

usyfcefY&SdaMumif; aps;uGuftwGif;rS od&Sd

&onf/

tmvl;aps;jyefus&Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; [J[dk;a'o

wGif tmvl;&moDodrf;cgeD;ojzifh bk&ifh

aemifyGJ½H kwGif tmvl;jywfonftxd

ta&mif;t0,faumif;cJhaMumif;? wpf

ydóm 700 usyftxd aps;aumif;cJh

aomfvnf; vukefydkif;wGif wpf&uf

wnf; um; 15 pD;cefY0ifa&mufvmojzifh

aps;EIef;rsm; jyefvnfusqif;cJhaMumif;?

topfay:onfhtmvl;onf tpdk"mwfrsm;

NyD; txm;rcHojzifh wpfydóm 500

usyfausmfcef Y aps;EIef;usqif;vm

aMumif;? ZlvkdifvukefwGif tmvl;tedrfh

wpfydóm 150 rS 500 usyfcefYom&Sd

aMumif; bk&ifhaemifyGJ½Hk atmifoajy

vrf;rS tmvl;a&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;&Sif

wpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/

MuufoGefjzLrSm aeYpOf ydóm 30

0iftdwf 700? 800 cefY yHkrSef0ifa&muf

aeNyD; &Srf;MuufoGefjzL wpfydóm 575

usyf? 475 usyf? 375 usyfcefY? MuLukwf

MuufoGefjzLrSm wpfydóm 750? 800

usyfcefY&SdaMumif; aps;uGuftwGif;rS od&Sd

&onf/

&cdkifykpGefajcmuft0ifrsm;bk&ifhaemif a&xGufukefypönf;aps;

uGufodkY jrefrmEkdifiHtaemufbufjcrf;

&ck difjynfe,frS ykpGefajcmufrsm;0if

a&mufvsuf&SdNyD; rkd;&moDjzpfí usyfwkduf

prsm;vnf; 0ifa&mufvmaMumif;? usyf

wdkufp wpfydóm 5ç500 rS 6ç000 usyf?

tao; wpfydóm 5ç000 rS 5ç500usyf?

ajrmufOD;p wpfydóm 11ç000 rS 12ç000

usyf? &ckdiftBuD;p wpfydóm 12ç000

usyfrS 13ç000 usyf? &ckdiftao; wpf

ydóm 9ç000 rS 9ç500 usyf? vyGwåm

prSm wpfydóm 11ç000 rS 12ç000

usyf cefY&SdaMumif; uHhaumfvrf;rS a&xGuf

ypönf;rsKd;pHka&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;&Sifwpf

OD;u ajymMum;onf/

a'opHkvSnfUoGm;onfUukefum;ukefwif,mOfrsm;onf ukef&&ef

10 &ufausmfcefYapmifhae&ojzifh udk,fh

vdkif;ESifhudk,fr[kwfbJ p&dwfumrd&ef

ukef&vQif&ouJhodkY vSnfhqGJvmMuaMumif;?

,cifu rEÅav;ukefwif,mOfonf

&efukef-rEÅav;omoGm;ouJhodkY &efukef

-bm;tHoGm;onfh ukefwif,mOfonf

&efukef-bm;tHc&D;udkom udk,fha'oESifh

udk,f ukefo,f,lydkYaqmifavh&Sdaomf

vnf; ZlvkdifvtwGif; ukefr&onfht

wGuf ukef&Sm&ef a'opHkodkY vSnfhywfoGm;

vmMuaMumif; atmifoajyvrf;tajc

pdkuf ukefpnfydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;&Sifwpf

OD;u qdkonf/

ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; Zlvdkif? Mo*kwfv

rsm;onf xGefwHk;ydwfcsdef wpfenf;tm;

jzifh v,f,mvkyfief;odrf;í aumufopf

ray:ao;csdef Mum;umvjzpfí tajccH

pm;ukef qefaps;EIef;? qDaps;EIef;rsm; tjrifh

odkYajymif;vJonfh tpOftvm&SdaMumif;?

odkY&mwGif ,ckESpfü em*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh

{&m0wDwkdif;a'otcsKdU\ 0,f,lpm;oHk;

rI (jzKef;tm;) avsmhenf;jcif;ESifhtwl

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

73


bk&ifhaemifwGif v,f,mxGufukefoD;ESH

rsKd;pHk ododomomta&mif;t0,fat;cJh

aMumif;? oufqkdif&mtoif;tzGJUrsm;\

BudKwifpDrHxm;rIrsm;aMumifh &efukefNrdKU

wGif; qeft0ifzlvHkaecJhaMumif;? tusKd;

quftaejzifh aps;EIef;rsm; xl;xl;jcm;

jcm;ajymif;vJ&efr&SdEkdifaMumif; 0g&ifhyGJ½Hk

vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u oHk;oyfajymMum;

onf/

anmifyifav;aps;yvmZmtajccHpm;ukeftcsK d U ? tjcm;

toifhpm;ESifh t&efpm;ukeftcsKdUwdkY\

0,fvdktm;yrmP tenf;i,fat;onfh

toGif&S daeMuaomfvnf; Zlvd kifv

twGif; anmifyifav;aps;yvmZmodkY

jynfwGif;? jynfyrSukefpnfrsm; tqif

ajyacsmarGUpGm 0ifa&mufvsuf&Sdaejcif;

ESifh aiGaMu;EIef;xm; wnfNidrfaejcif;wdkY

aMumifh ukefpnfaps;EIef;rsm; Nidrfvsuf&Sd

aeaMumif; ,if;aps;BuD;twGif; a&mif;

0,fazmufum;olwkdY\tqdkt& od&

onf/

xd k Ytjyif anmifyifav;aps;

yvmZmtwGif; Zlvdkifv 'kwd,ywfcefYrS

pwifí qkdifcef;rsm; ypönf;aysmufqHk;rI

rsm;twGuf vHkNcHKa&;aqmif&Guf&rnfh

aMunmcsufwpf&yfudk xkwfjyefcJhonf/

tqdkygaMunmcsuft& vl? ypönf;

rouFmzG,f&mawGU&Sd&ygu wkdifMum;

&ef? aps;BuD;wGif&Sd qkdifcef;rsm;zGifh? ydwfrI

wdkYudk ydkif&Sifudk,fwkdifomaqmif&Guf&ef?

tvkyform;wdkYudkvnf; &Jpcef;? &yfuGuf

at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpD

(&.,.u) axmufcHcsufrsm;jzifhomcefY

tyf&ef? ypönf;aysmufqHk;ygu aps;

wm0ef&Sdolrsm;xHwkdifMum;&rnfhtcsdefESifh

t&G,fra&mufao;onfh uav;oli,f

rsm;udk ckdif;apjcif;rjyKvkyf&efwdkY ,if;

aMunmcsufü yg&Sdonf/

oMum;pGm? EdkhqDat;rdk;qufwdkufeD;yg; &GmoGef;aeonfh

twGuf ZlvkdifvtwGif; oMum;aps;uGuf

rSm ta&mif;t0,fyg;vsuf&SdaMumif;?

odkY&mwGif Zlvdkifv'kwd,ywftwGif; aps;

EIef;rsm; xyfrHjrifhwufoGm;cJhaMumif;

bk&ifhaemifyGJ½Hk&Sd oMum;yGJ½HktcsKdUxHrS od&Sd

&onf/ ZlvdkifvaemufqHk;ywftwGif;ü

rl tqdkygaps;EIef;twkdif;yif Nidrfouf

vsuf&Sdaeonf[k ,if;yGJ½Hkrsm;xHrS od&

onf/ ZlvkdifvtwGif; a&muf&SdoGm;onfh

oMum;aps;EIef;wdkYwGif xdyfprSm 800 usyf

rSpí ta&mifay:rlwnfNyD; aps;trsKd;rsKd;

&SdaMumif;? atmufprSmvnf; 750 usyfrS

780 usyfMum;odkY a&muf&SdaeaMumif;

aps;uGuftwGif;rS od&onf/ ,cifv

twGif;url xdyfprSm 710 usyfrS 750

cefYwGif;om&Sdí atmufprSm 600 usyf

atmufwGifom&SdcJhonf/ ,if;odkY oMum;

aps;EIef;rsm; wufoGm;jcif;aMumifh ,if;

ESifhqufpyfvsuf&Sdaom xef;vsuf aps;

EIef;rSmvnf; tenf;i,fwufoGm;cJh

aMumif;ESifh ZlvdkifvaemufqHk;ywfwGif

od&Sd&onfhaps;EIef;rsm;t& rvkdifxef;

vsufrSm 530 usyfrS 545 usyfcefYtxd

&SdaeNyD; anmifOD; xef;vsufrSmrl 600

usyfrS 620 usyf 0ef;usifwGif&SdaMumif;

ESifh ,cifu 500 usyfpGef;pGef;wGifom

&SdcJhaMumif; xef;vsufyGJ½Hkvkyfief;&SifxHrS

od&onf/

xdkYtwl EkdYqDtrSwfwHqdyfrsKd;pHk

rSmvnf; ,cifvaygufaps;rsm;twkdif;

ysrf;rQ 800 usyfausmf0ef;usifwGifom

&SdaeaMumif;? ZGefvtwGif; xkdif;EkdifiHrS

0ifa&mufvmonfh Shal trSwfwHqdyf

EdkYqDrSm aMumfjimxdk;azmufrItm;aumif;

jcif;aMumifh ar;olrsm;aomfvnf; 0,f,l

olenf;aeao;aMumif;? aps;uGuftwGif;

,ckrS0ifa&mufjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; aps;

tjrifhüyif&SdaMumif;ESifh vufum;aps;rSm

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

74


730 usyf aygufaps;&S daeaMumif;

anmifyifav;aps;&Sdta&mif;qkdiftcsKdU

xHrS od&onf/ ,if;trSwfwHqdyf\

t&nftaoG;ydkif;udkrl wHkYjyefrIrod&ao;

aMumif;vnf; vufum;a&mif;csolwpf

OD;u qkdygw,f/

ig;aowÅm? tom;bl;jynfyrSwifoGif;vmonfh Hi-Q

ESifh Family trSwfwHqdyf ig;aowåmbl;

rsm;rSm ZGefvtwGif;u aps;uGuftwGif;

ypönf;0ifa&mufrIr&Sdjcif;aMumifh vuf

um;qkdifBuD;rsm;wGif ypönf;jywfvyfcJh

&mrS ,ckvtwGif; Family trSwfwH

qdyfrSm aps;uGuftwGif; jyefvnf0if

a&mufvmaomfvnf; Hi-Q rSm ypönf;

t0ifjywfvyfqJjzpfaMumif; anmifyif

av;aps;yvmZm&Sd vufum;a&mif;csol

rsm;uqkdonf/ Family trSwfwHqdyfrSm

vnf; jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmaomf vnf;

y H kr Se faps;yi f& S daeaMumif; ? vuf

um;a&mif;csaps; 675 usyfjzpfaMumif;

¤if;wdkYxHrS od&Sd&onf/

jynfwGif;xkwf Ready trSwfwH

qdyf qdwf? trJESifh ig;oavmuf tom;

bl;wdkYrSm em*pfrkefwkdif;wkdufcwfNyD;um

v aps;EIef;atmuf 30 usyfcefY jyKwf

usvsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&onf/ ,if;

trSwfwHqdyf qm'if;ig;aowåmrSm 480

usyfESifh A1 rSm 360 usyfjzpfaMumif;

vnf; vufum;a&mif;csonfhaps;uGuf

twGif;rS od&Sd&onf/

0gwGif;t0if tcsKd&nfNidrfCoffee Mix yHkrSef

0gwGif;0ifp 0gqdkvtwGif; tvSL

twef;rsm;aMumifh tcsKd&nfESifh aumfzD

rpfrsm; ta&mif;oGufcJh&mrS ,cktcg

wGif jyefvnfwnfNidrfoGm;NyDjzpfí yHkrSef

a&mif;cs&rIom&SdawmhaMumif;ESifh aps;

at;vsuf&SdaMumif; a&mif;0,fazmufum;

vsuf&SdolwdkYuqdkonf/ EIdif;,SOfaps;EIef;

rsm;t& ,refESpfu 1ç450 usyfwGif&SdcJh

onfh Ve Ve cGufpHkrSm ,cktcg 2ç600

usyf? Ve Ve refusnf;rSmvnf; ,cifESpf

u 3ç850 usyf &SdcJhNyD; ,cktcg 4ç550

usyfwdkYjzpfaMumif; ¤if;wdkYxHrSod&onf/

jynfyrS0ifa&mufonfhtcsKd&nfwdkYrSmrl

aps;tenf;i,fusqif;vsuf&SdaeaMumif;

anmifyifav;aps;yvmZmtwGif;rS od&

onf/

vuf&SdwGif jynfwGif;rSxkwfvkyf

onfh Coffee Mix wdkYrSm yHkrSeftwkdif;

xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdEkdifonfhtwGuf aps;uGuf

wGif; ,cifaps;EIef;rsm;twkdif; yHkrSefjyef

vnfa&mif;csEkdifNyDjzpfaMumif;? Super

Coffee Mix txkyfBuD;rSm NyD;cJhonfhv

twGif;u 4800 usyf &SdcJh&mrS 4ç500 usyf

okdYa&muf&SdcJhaMumif;? Gold Roast aumf

zDrpftxkyfBuD;rSm 4ç700 usyf jzpfonf

[k vufum;ta&mif;qdkifrsm;rS od&onf/

qyfjym? qyfjymrIefhjynfwGif;oHk;pGJrItwGuf aps;uGuf

twGif; vHkavmufpGm&&Sdaeonfh EkdifiH

ydkifpuf½Hkxkwf a&T0gqyfjymawmifhrsm;rSm

16ç000 usyfrS ,ckvwGif 16ç400

usyfaps;EIef;odkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmNyD

jzpfonf/ vuf&SdwGif jynfyrS rSm,l

wifoGif;&onfh ukefMurf;aps;EIef;rsm; us

qif;aeonfhtwGuf qyfjymaps;EIef; us

qif;EkdifzG,f&SdaeaMumif; qyfjymvkyf

ief;&SifwpfOD;u qkdonf/ &moDESifh,SOf

ygu rdk;&moDwGif qyfjymta&mif;yg;

avh&SdonfhtwGuf ,cktcsdefonf aps;

uGufü ta&mif;t0,fjzpfxGef;rI enf;

aMumif; aps;uGuftwGif;rS od&Sd&onf/

,cktcsdefwkdifatmif aps;uGuf&SdqJjzpf

onfh jrefrmumabmfvpfrSm av;cJwGJyg

wpfawmifhvQif 408 usyf &SdaeNyD;

tawmifh 50 yg wpfzmvQif 20ç400 usyf

&Sdonf[k tqkdygaps;uGufrS od&onf/

NyD;cJhonfhvu aps;uGuftwGif;

ypönf;jywfcJhonfh oufomqyfjymrIefY rSm

aps;uGuftwGif; jyefvnfa&muf&S d

aeNyDjzpfNyD; 200 *&rftxkyf 50 ygtdwf

BuD;wpftdwfvQif 13ç400 usyf&Sdonf/

aps;uGuftwGif; a&mif;tm;aumif;

onf[kqkdaom tDveftrSwfwHqdyf

qyfjymrIefYrSmrl 200 *&rftxkyfBuD; 50

ygtdwfBuD;wpftdwfvQif 13ç600 usyf

&SdaeaMumif; anmifyifav;aps;vuf

um;qdkifBuD;rsm;\tqdkt& od&onf/

Ek difrif;aEk difrif;a

Ek difrif;aEk difrif;aEk difrif;a

00

000

??

???ZmvDausmfZmvDausmf

ZmvDausmfZmvDausmfZmvDausmf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

76

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

77


aygif; 130 cefYtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHü tjyif;xefqHk;wdkufcwfcJhonfh em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;aMumifh EkdifiH\aygif; 130 cefYtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHü tjyif;xefqHk;wdkufcwfcJhonfh em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;aMumifh EkdifiH\

aygif; 130 cefYtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHü tjyif;xefqHk;wdkufcwfcJhonfh em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;aMumifh EkdifiH\aygif; 130 cefYtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHü tjyif;xefqHk;wdkufcwfcJhonfh em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;aMumifh EkdifiH\aygif; 130 cefYtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHü tjyif;xefqHk;wdkufcwfcJhonfh em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;aMumifh EkdifiH\

pyg;usDa'oBuD;wGif pD;yGm;a&;? usef;rma&;? vlrIa&;u@toD;oD; BuD;rm;pGmysufpD;qkH;½IH;cJh&onf/ txl;ojzifhpyg;usDa'oBuD;wGif pD;yGm;a&;? usef;rma&;? vlrIa&;u@toD;oD; BuD;rm;pGmysufpD;qkH;½IH;cJh&onf/ txl;ojzifh

pyg;usDa'oBuD;wGif pD;yGm;a&;? usef;rma&;? vlrIa&;u@toD;oD; BuD;rm;pGmysufpD;qkH;½IH;cJh&onf/ txl;ojzifhpyg;usDa'oBuD;wGif pD;yGm;a&;? usef;rma&;? vlrIa&;u@toD;oD; BuD;rm;pGmysufpD;qkH;½IH;cJh&onf/ txl;ojzifhpyg;usDa'oBuD;wGif pD;yGm;a&;? usef;rma&;? vlrIa&;u@toD;oD; BuD;rm;pGmysufpD;qkH;½IH;cJh&onf/ txl;ojzifh

jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;\ausm½kd;jzpfaom v,f,mvkyfief;wGif rsm;pGmaomqkH;½IH;rIrsm; jzpfay:cJh&onf/ okdY&mwGif ½kd;om;jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;\ausm½kd;jzpfaom v,f,mvkyfief;wGif rsm;pGmaomqkH;½IH;rIrsm; jzpfay:cJh&onf/ okdY&mwGif ½kd;om;

jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;\ausm½kd;jzpfaom v,f,mvkyfief;wGif rsm;pGmaomqkH;½IH;rIrsm; jzpfay:cJh&onf/ okdY&mwGif ½kd;om;jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;\ausm½kd;jzpfaom v,f,mvkyfief;wGif rsm;pGmaomqkH;½IH;rIrsm; jzpfay:cJh&onf/ okdY&mwGif ½kd;om;jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;\ausm½kd;jzpfaom v,f,mvkyfief;wGif rsm;pGmaomqkH;½IH;rIrsm; jzpfay:cJh&onf/ okdY&mwGif ½kd;om;

yGifhvif;í ZGJravsmhwwfonfh jrefrmv,form;rsm;\ p½kdufvu©Pmtwkdif; em*pfukdtefwkí t½HI;ray;vQif r½IH;bl;yGifhvif;í ZGJravsmhwwfonfh jrefrmv,form;rsm;\ p½kdufvu©Pmtwkdif; em*pfukdtefwkí t½HI;ray;vQif r½IH;bl;

yGifhvif;í ZGJravsmhwwfonfh jrefrmv,form;rsm;\ p½kdufvu©Pmtwkdif; em*pfukdtefwkí t½HI;ray;vQif r½IH;bl;yGifhvif;í ZGJravsmhwwfonfh jrefrmv,form;rsm;\ p½kdufvu©Pmtwkdif; em*pfukdtefwkí t½HI;ray;vQif r½IH;bl;yGifhvif;í ZGJravsmhwwfonfh jrefrmv,form;rsm;\ p½kdufvu©Pmtwkdif; em*pfukdtefwkí t½HI;ray;vQif r½IH;bl;

[kqkdonfhcH,lcsufjzifh vkyfief;cGiftwGif;okdY jyefvnf0ifa&mufívkyfukdifaeMuonfukd tHhMozG,f&mawGU&Sd&onf/[kqkdonfhcH,lcsufjzifh vkyfief;cGiftwGif;okdY jyefvnf0ifa&mufívkyfukdifaeMuonfukd tHhMozG,f&mawGU&Sd&onf/

[kqkdonfhcH,lcsufjzifh vkyfief;cGiftwGif;okdY jyefvnf0ifa&mufívkyfukdifaeMuonfukd tHhMozG,f&mawGU&Sd&onf/[kqkdonfhcH,lcsufjzifh vkyfief;cGiftwGif;okdY jyefvnf0ifa&mufívkyfukdifaeMuonfukd tHhMozG,f&mawGU&Sd&onf/[kqkdonfhcH,lcsufjzifh vkyfief;cGiftwGif;okdY jyefvnf0ifa&mufívkyfukdifaeMuonfukd tHhMozG,f&mawGU&Sd&onf/

jrifuGif; (1)ae&mum; {&m0wDwkdif; armfv

NrdKifuRef;NrdKUe,f rabaus;&Gmtkyfpk &Gm

omnGefYaus;&Gm/ tcsdefum; rGef;vJG 2

em&DcefY/ touf 32 ESpft&G,f ukdjrifh

armifonf pwD;aq;xkd;tyfwpfacsmif;

ukdukdifí ¤if;ykdifuRJwif;ukyfokdYoGm;ae

onf/ cGmemvQmema&m*gjzpfaeaom

¤if;\uRJudk armfvNrdKifuRef;rS yJhaxmif

jzifhygvmaomaq;jzifhuko&ef oGm;ae

jcif;jzpfonf/

¤if;onf em*pfrkefwkdif;rwkdifrDu

ckdif;uRJajcmufaumifcefYykdifqkdifNyD; em*pf

rkefwkdif;aMumifh ESpfaumifaoqkH;cJh&

onf/ rkefwkdif;rSvGwfvmaom uRJav;

aumifteuf ESpfaumifrSmvnf; vnf

yif;a&mifa&m*gESifh xyfrHaoqkH;cJh&

onf/ vuf&Sdckdif;aeaom uRJwpf&SOf;

teuf wpfaumifrSm cGmemvQmema&m

*gaMumifh cGmuRwfoGm;ojzifh v,fxGef

jcif;ukd &yfem;xm;&onf/

ukdjrifharmifonf ukdif;xGefpuf

wpfvkH;0,f,lí ¤if;ykdifv,fcGuf 20(25

{ucefY) ukd eHeuf 6 em&DrS aeYv,f

11 em&Dxd wpfBudrf? aeYv,f 1 em&DrS

nae 5 em&DtxdwpfBudrf wpf&uf

vQif ESpfBudrf rem;raexGef,ufae

onf/ ¤if;\ uRJESpfaumifpvkH;onf

ESpf

wpfenf;tm;jzifh EkdifiHwumtzJGU

tpnf;rsm;? tpkd;&r[kwfaom toif;

tzJGUrsm;\ pmemaxmufxm;ulnDrI

rsm;&Sdaeaomfvnf; jrwfAk'¨rdefYMum;

onfh ]tw¬m[dtw¬maememaxm} rdrd

ukd,fomukd;uG,f&mqkdonfh owdåjzifh

v,f,mvkyfief;cGif jyefvnf0ifa&muf

aeonfhv,form;rsm;\ jrifuGif;

onf eHeufcif;u wufcJhonfh'Da&ukd

rrDvkdufonfhtcg nOhfOD;,Hwufrnfh'D

a&ESifhtrDvkdufygrnf[laom pdwftm;

xufoefrIrsKd;jzifh jrpf0uRef;ay:om;

rsm;\ b0&SifoefrIykHoP²mefvnf; jzpf

ayonf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

78


,ckESpfrkd;&moDwGif tem;ay;&rnfhtajc

taeaMumifh ukdif;xGefpufukd t&pfus

pepfjzifh 0,f,lcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

]]uRefawmf 'gyJvkyfwwfwm 'gyJ

vkyf&rSmaygh/ uRefawmfhxuf tajc

taeqkd;wJholawG trsm;BuD;/ v,fpkduf

csdefu 0gacgifvjynfhaeYtxd &ao;

w,f/ wpfvcJGavmuftcsdefusefao;

awmh v,ftm;vkH;ydwf (pkdufNyD;) oGm;rSm

yg}} [k ukdjrifharmifu ,kHMunfcsuft

jynhfjzifh ajymjyonf/

jrifuGif; (2)vyGwåmNrdKUe,f uHbJhaus;&GmrS

Zlvkdifv 19 &ufaeY eHeuf 10 em&DcJGcefY

tcsdefwGif aps;0,fNyD;jyefvmaom vyGwåm

NrdKUe,f bDwGwfaus;&Gmtkyfpk armifi,f

acsmif;aus;&Gmae touf 48 ESpf&Sd v,f

vkyfom; OD;xGef;ndKu ¤if;wGif v,f{u

30 ausmf&SdaMumif;? ,ck 15 {u xGef,uf

NyD;pD;oGm;aMumif;? ¤if;ykdif ukdif;xGef

puf\bD;wGifwyfqifonfh ]aygif} uJG

oGm;ojzifh uHbJh&GmokdY oGm;a&muf0,f

,ljcif;jzpfaMumif; qkdonf/

oH<uyfjzifhvkyfxm;onfh aygif

onf &THUxlxlxJwGif auGUonfhtcg rlvD

acgif;aygufrsm; yJhusjcif;? 0if½kd;ayguf

rS uJGtufjcif;rsm; jzpfwwfonfh ud&d,m

tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfaMumif;? yxr

tBudrf vuf,mbufaygif 0,fpOfu

12ç700 usyfay;&NyD;? ,ck vuf0Jbuf

aygifukd 13ç200 usyfay;cJh&aMumif; ESpf

ywftwGif; usyf 500 cefY aps;ajymif;

oGm;aMumif;? 0gacgifvjynfhtrD v,f

tm;vkH;NyD;&efom ta&;BuD;aMumif; &Sif;

jyonf/

]]tckESpf pufokH;qDu wpf{uukd

ESpf*gvef&w,f/ pufwpfvkH;u wpfae

ukefarmif;&if ig;{uavmufNyD;w,f/

cGufaumuform; (aumufpkduf? ysKd;Ekwf

vkyfom;) 'DESpf&Sm;vkdY BuJcif;yJpkdufw,f/

taxGaxGpkdufysKd;p&dwfu wpf{u av;

aomif;cGJavmufusw,f}} [k ¤if;\

vuf&Sdtajctaeukd ajymMum;onf/

onftvkyf pdwf'Pf&mukxkH;]]uRefawmfwkdYrdom;pku &GmrBuD;

rSmae&if bmrSjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;/ tJ'D

aeYnaeykdif;u uGif;xJukd rdom;pkwpfpk

vkH; v,fvkyfzkdY ajymif;oGm;vkdY rdef;r

aum? ig;ESpft&G,forD;yg ygoGm;w,f}}

[k vyGwåmNrdKUe,f bDwGwfaus;&Gmtkyfpk

xkH;bl;us&Gmom; touf 25 ESpft&G,f

ukdjrifhaZmfu vyGwåmoabFmay:ü ¤if;

tawGUtBuKHukd rsufvkH;tdrfESpfzufwGif

rsuf&nfrsm;a0oDvsuf pwifajymjy

onf/

¤if;onf ,ckvyGwåm-&efukef

oabFmjzifh ¤if;\&GmokdY jyefvmjcif;jzpf

NyD; vyGwåmwGif xGefpufxkwf&ef oGm;

a&mufcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;? rkefwkdif;owif;

ukd rodbJ v,fpkduf&eftwGuf uGif;xJ

(v,fxJ) okdY oGm;tdyfonfhnrSmyif n

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

79


bufa&wufvmonfhtcg rdom;pkwpf

pkvkH; yvwfpwpfykH;ukdukdifí a&xJü

em&DtawmfMumMum arsmygoGm;cJ h

aMumif; qdkonf/ ]]tJ'Dnu uRefawmfh

rdef;ru ighwdkY b,fvkdvkyfMurvJvkdY

wzGzGar;awmh igwkdYa&mufzl;wJh a&Twd*kH

bk&m;BuD;ukdomtm½kHjyKvkdY tm;ay;&

w,f/ ig;ESpft&G,forD;uvnf; azBuD;

arSmifvkdufwm rD;xGef;ygOD;vdkY cPcP

ajym&if; ajrmufavtwkdufrSm wpfppD

uJGoGm;w,f}} [k rkefwkdif;ntawGUtBuKH

ukd aMuaMuuJGuJG jyefvnfajymMum;

onf/

]]ukd,fhrsufpdatmufrSmyJ jzpfwm

qkdawmh ajzzkdYawmfawmfcufw,f/ wwf

EkdiforQ ukokdvfaumif;rIvkyfNyD; olwkdY

ukd trQa0w,f/ tckawmh tvkyfxJrSm

yJ pdwfESpfxm;vkdufw,f/ igaiGrsm;rsm;&

rS olwkdYtwGuf ykdvSLEkdifr,fvkdY awG;rd

wJhtwGuf tvkyfxJrSmyJ pdwfESpfxm;

w,f}} [k ¤if;\rdom;pk0ifrsm; qkH;½IH;

cJh&onfhpdwf'Pf&mtay: ¤if;\ukxkH;

ukd ajymMum;onf/

BuJcif;ESifUabmuform;em*pfrkefwkdif;wkdufcwfrIukd t

jyif;txefcHcJh&onfh {&m0wDwkdif;ESifh

&efukefwkdif;twGif; aexkdifolrsm;\

t"dutoufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;

onf v,f,mvkyfief;ESifh a&vkyfief;

jzpfonfqkdaomfvnf; tqkdygvkyfief;

BuD;ESpfckukd rSDckdvkyfukdifaeonfh abmuf

orm;ac: usyef;vkyfom;rsm; oHk;ykHwpf

ykHcefY&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ {&m0wD

wkdif;rS abmuform;trsm;pkonf v,f

,mvkyfief;pwifcsdefü aumufpkduf? ysKd;

Ekwf ponfhvkyfief;rsm;ukd aeYpm;c,lí

toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKMuolrsm;jzpfNyD;

pyg;rSnfhcsdefwGif aumuf&dwf? pyg;e,f?

pyg;o,fvkyfief;rsm;ESifh toufarG;Mu

olrsm;jzpfonf/

,ckESpfwGif v,form;trsm;pk

onf em*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh pkdufysKd;csdef

aemufuscJhojzifh ysKd;axmifpkdufysKd;rI

tpm; BuJcif;pepfjzifhom pkdufysKd;Mu

ojzifh usyef;vkyfukdifolrsm;taejzifh

tvkyfr&SdjzpfaeMuonf/ vwfwavm

ulnDaxmufyHhonfh&du©mrsm;jzifh &yfwnf

Ekdifao;onfqkdaomfvnf; a&&SnfwGif

¤if;wk d YtwGuf tvkyftukdiftcGif h

tvrf;zefwD;ay;&ef vkdtyfonf/

&GmvkH;uRwfa&xJygoGm;onfqkd

onfh &Gmtrsm;pkonf tqkdygusyef;

vkyfom;rsm;aexkdifaom zHGUNzdK;rIedrfhus

onfh &Gmrsm;omjzpfí tjcm;wpfzuf

wGif v,f,mvkyfom;&Sm;ygonfh jyóem

u &Sdaejyefonf/

xGef,ufpkdufysKd;csdefwGif uRJ? EGm;

tpm; pufjzifh tpm;xkd;Ekdifaomfvnf;

&dwfodrf;csdeftwGufrl v,f,mvkyfom;

&Sm;yg;rItcuftcJudk ajz&Sif;&ef BudKwif

pDrHxm;oifhonf/

pufarmif;oifwef;vkdavab;'Pfoifh v,form;rsm;

yHkrSefvkyfief;cGif0ifa&mufEkdifa&;twGuf

vkdtyfonfh rsKd;pyg;? uRJ? EGm;? xGefpuf

ESifh pufoHk;qDrsm;ukd oufqkdif&mESifh

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

80


yk*¾vdutvSL&Sifrsm;u ta&;ay:axmuf

yHhay;cJhonf/ (Z,m;)

rkefwkdif;'PfaMumifh uRJ? EGm;

aumifa& oHk;odef;ausmfaoqHk;cJh&onf/

v,fajr{u 1 'or 36 oef;twGuf

v,f{u 100 vQif xGefpufwpfpD;EIef;

jzifh xGefpufpkpkaygif; 13360 pD;vkdtyf

aMumif; tpkd;&\w&m;0ifxkwfjyefcsuf

rsm;t& od&Sd&onf/

rkwfokH&moD v,f,mvkyfief;p

wifcsdefonf wpfvcefYaemufusNyD;

v,form;rsm;ukd pkduf{u 60 vQif xGef

pufwpfpD;? 136 {uvQif xGefpufwpf

v,form;rsm;av;ig;OD; pkaygif; &,l

xm;onfh xGefpufrsm;onf wpfvuf

ukdifr[kwfbJ vufajymif;vufvTJukdif

wG,fxGef,ufMu&ojzifh pufrsm; rMum

cPcsKdU,Gif;onfukd jyifqifMu&onf/

vyGwåmNrdKUe,f bDwGwfaus;&Gmtkyfpk

xHk;bl;usaus;&GmrS v,form; OD;armif

i,fu em*pfrkefwkdif;rwkdifcifuwnf;

u ¤if;wkdY&GmwGif ukdif;xGefpuf ukd;pD;cefY

&SdaMumif;? em*pfrkefwkdif; wkdufcwfNyD;

onfhtcg ajcmufpD; xyfrHxkwfay;onfh

twGuf pkpkaygif; 15 pD;cefY&SdaMumif;?

Zlvkdifv 20 &ufaeYtxd v,form;ukd;

OD;cefY\ v,f{u 103 {uausmf xGef

,uf&efusef&Sdaeao;aMumif;? pufrI

v,f,mOD;pD;Xmeu pufjyifq&mwpfOD;

ay;xm;aomfvnf; ysufpD;rIyrmPrsm;

jym;ojzifh jyifírEkdifawmhaMumif;? rkef

wkdif;vufusef xGefpuftrsm;pkrSmvnf;

a&iefxdxm;NyD;? tif*sifrsm; ysufpD;

vsuf&SdaMumif;? okdYjzpfí v,form;rsm;

tm; xGefpufukdifwG,fxdef;odrf;enf;ukd

ESpf&ufoHk;&ufcefY oifMum;jyoay;oifh

aMumif;? vufawGUESifh aygif;pyfoif

Mum;ojzifh ESpf&ufcefYESifh wwfEkdif

aMumif; ¤if;u tMuHjyKajymMum;onf/

]]qDu wpf{uukd ESpf*gvefukef

w,f/ qDtvHktavmuf&ygw,f/ aygif;

xlvGef;awmh tck wpfvcGJtcsdeftwGif;

rSm pufwpfvHk; tvGefqHk;xGefEkdif&if {u

50 avmufyJ &Ekdifawmhw,f/ 'gayrJh

rdausmif;ausmukef; Muuf,uftpm&Sm

wJhudpörSr[kwfwm vkyf&ifjzpf&rSmaygh}}

[k ¤if;u wuf<upGmajymMum;onf/

ajrqDvkdtyf{&m0wDwkdif; avab;'PfcH&

aoma'orsm;onf wpfESpfvQif pyg;

ESpfoD;pkdufysKd;Muaom a'orsm;vnf;

jzpfonf/ yHkrSeftm;jzifh rkd;pyg;onf

pD;? 120 {uvQif xGefpufwpfpD; ponf

jzifh aus;&Gmtvkduf v,form;rsm;\

v,f,myk difqkdifrItaetxm;ay:rl

wnfí v,form;wpfOD;csif; okdYr[kwf

eD;pyf&mv,form;ig;OD;rS q,fOD;cefY

pkaygif;í wpfbD;EIef;jzifh vufwGef;xGef

pufrsm;ukd oufqkdif&mu t&pfus

a&mif;csay;cJhonf/

okdY&mwGif v,form;trsm;pkrSm

uRJ? EGm;jzifh xGef,ufonfh tawGUtMuHK

om&SdNyD; pufypönf;oHk;pGJonfh tawGUt

MuHKr&Sdojzifh pufcsKdU,Gif;jcif;ESifh rMum

cPMuHKawGUMu&onf/ txl;ojzifh

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

81


1/ tpdk;& 1785 433 6473 629852.5 130

2/ jynfwGif;rSvkyfief;

ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;?&[ef;&Sif 90 3 1057 74416.5 594 23 194zm 8123 24380

vlyk*¾vduapwem&Sifrsm; 700 2400uDvdk

3/ jynfyEkdifiHESifhtzGJU 515 - 316 274513

tpnf;rsm;

pkpkaygif; 2813 - 3 8546 978782 594 153 194zm 8123 24380

2400uDvdk

pd kufysKd;a&;vkyfief; taxmuftulypönf;rsm; axmufyhHvSL'gef;rI pm&if;csKyfpdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief; taxmuftulypönf;rsm; axmufyhHvSL'gef;rI pm&if;csKyf

pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief; taxmuftulypönf;rsm; axmufyhHvSL'gef;rI pm&if;csKyfpdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief; taxmuftulypönf;rsm; axmufyhHvSL'gef;rI pm&if;csKyfpdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief; taxmuftulypönf;rsm; axmufyhHvSL'gef;rI pm&if;csKyf

(19-7-2008 xd)(19-7-2008 xd)

(19-7-2008 xd)(19-7-2008 xd)(19-7-2008 xd)

pOf vSL'gef;ol uRJ EGm;

v,fxGef vufwGef; rsKd;pyg; "mwfajr a&pkyf [if;oD; &Gufzsef;

ydk;owf

puf(pD;) xGefpuf (wif;) MoZm puf [if;&Guf ajrMoZm aq;

(pD;) (tdwf) (pHk) (rsKd;aph) (ykvif;) (ykvif;)

r Swfcsufr Swfcsuf

r Swfcsufr Swfcsufr Swfcsuf

* tpd k;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif hxkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ tpd k;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif hxkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/

tpd k;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif hxkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ tpd k;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif hxkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ tpd k;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif hxkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/

** ukrÜPDu pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h xkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ukrÜPDu pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h xkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/

ukrÜPDu pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h xkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ukrÜPDu pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h xkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ ukrÜPDu pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h xkwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/

*** tpk d;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h 0,f,lxkwfay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ tpk d;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h 0,f,lxkwfay;jcif;jzpfygonf/

tpk d;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h 0,f,lxkwfay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ tpk d;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h 0,f,lxkwfay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ tpk d;&u pm&if;rSwfpepfjzif h 0,f,lxkwfay;jcif;jzpfygonf/

((

(((Source:

Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeYxkwf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm pmrsufESm 9) Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeYxkwf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm pmrsufESm 9)

Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeYxkwf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm pmrsufESm 9) Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeYxkwf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm pmrsufESm 9) Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeYxkwf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm pmrsufESm 9)

* ***

***

"mwfajrMoZmauR;&efrvkdtyfbJ aEG&m

oDpyg;wGifom ajrqDauR;&efvkdtyf

onfha'ojzpfonf/ ,if;okdY vkdtyf

jcif;rSm aEGpyg;onf rkd;pyg;pkdufysKd;NyD;

ajrukdtem;ray;bJ pkdufysKd;&jcif;aMumifh

jzpfonf/ xkdYjyif aEGpyg;rsKd;onf ouf

wrf;pyg;ac: txGufwkd;pyg;rsm;jzpfí

ajrMoZm? a&? aea&mifjcnf&Sd½H kjzifh

oufwrf;jynfhvQif &ifhrSnfhonfhpyg;

rsKd;rsm;jzpfaomaMumifh aEGpyg;pkdufysKd;

csdefüom "mwfajrMoZmuJhokdY oGif;tm;

pkrsm;xnfhoGif;&jcif; jzpfonf/

okdY&mwGif ,ckESpfrkd;pyg;ysKd;csdef

onf aemufuscJhNyD; aygif;jrufvnf;

xlvGef;aMumif;? xGef,ufcsdefaemufus

ojzif h oref;reyfí ajrqDrwuf

aMumif;? ESpfpOfyHkrSeftm;jzifh ajrvSefxGef

NyD;aemuf jrufrsm;ykyfaqG;í ajrqD? ajr

MoZmwufaMumif;? ,ckESpfwGifrl "mwf

ajrMoZmauR;&efvkdtyfaMumif; v,f

orm;rsm;u &Sif;jyonf/ xkdYjyif pkduf

ysKd;a&;ynm&SiftcsKdUu a&ief0ifa&muf

jcif;ukd t"dujyóem[k ,lqMuaomf

vnf; v,form;rsm;\ t"dutcuf

tcJrSm aevSef;&ef tcsdefr&ojzifh rsKd;aph

rsm; tjrpfwG,fuyftm;enf;yg;NyD; t

yifaygufEIef;enf;yg;jcif;jzpfaMumif;?

xkdYjyif wmabmifrsm;usKd;ysufjcif;ESifh

aejyif;jcif;aMumifh atmufa&edrf hí

v,fuGufwGif a&rwifaMumif; bDwGwf

aus;&GmrS v,form;rsm;u &Sif;jyonf/

]]wDqlygwpftdwf? ykvJoHk;tdwf

avmufauR;vdkY&Sd&if pyg;txGufEIef;

aumif;rSmyg/ ajrqDwpftdwfu ESpf

aomif;cGJausmfavmuf&Sdw,f/ pyg;ay:

csdefusrS aiGacsqdkNyD; ta<u;a&mif;ay;

&ifawmhaumif;r,f}} [k xHk;bl;us aus;

&GmrS v,form;wpfOD;jzpfol OD;armif

i,fu qdkonf/

ed*Hk;jrpf0uRef;ay:ZmwdzGm; trsKd;om;

pmqdkBuD; q&maZmf*sDu avmu"Hw&m;

ESifhywfoufí ¤if;\ aA'gvrf;uAsm

rsm;wGif ]'Dacsmif;udk0ifrdvQif wufcsdef

wGif qif;EkdifyJ?

qif;csdefwGif wufvdkvnf; apmifh&

pNrJ

reufuwufwJh 'D? rrDvdkufav

vnf;

nOD;,H 'Djyefwufygvdrfh wufp&m

cufygyJ . . . } [k pyfqdkcJhjcif;onf

em*pfudktefwkí vkyfief;cGif jyefvnf

0ifa&mufaeMuonfh avab;'Pfoifh

v,form;rsm;twGuf cGeftm;wpf&yf

ukd &&SdapEkdifygvdrfhrnf/

Ekdifrif;a0Ekdifrif;a0

Ekdifrif;a0Ekdifrif;a0Ekdifrif;a0

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

82

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER . 2008.xif&Sm;ausmfMum;jrefrmUpD;yGm;

jrefrmh½kd;&mt0wftxnf'DZkdif;rsm;udktajccHí qifhyGm;wDxGifzefwD;csKyfvkyfrIjzifh jrefrmtrsKd;orD;jrefrmh½kd;&mt0wftxnf'DZkdif;rsm;udktajccHí qifhyGm;wDxGifzefwD;csKyfvkyfrIjzifh jrefrmtrsKd;orD;

jrefrmh½kd;&mt0wftxnf'DZkdif;rsm;udktajccHí qifhyGm;wDxGifzefwD;csKyfvkyfrIjzifh jrefrmtrsKd;orD;jrefrmh½kd;&mt0wftxnf'DZkdif;rsm;udktajccHí qifhyGm;wDxGifzefwD;csKyfvkyfrIjzifh jrefrmtrsKd;orD;jrefrmh½kd;&mt0wftxnf'DZkdif;rsm;udktajccHí qifhyGm;wDxGifzefwD;csKyfvkyfrIjzifh jrefrmtrsKd;orD;

rsm;udk qGJaqmifEk difonfhtjyif EkdifiHjcm;olrsm;tMum;yg xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vsuf&Sdonfh rsm;udk qGJaqmifEk difonfhtjyif EkdifiHjcm;olrsm;tMum;yg xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vsuf&Sdonfh

rsm;udk qGJaqmifEk difonfhtjyif EkdifiHjcm;olrsm;tMum;yg xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vsuf&Sdonfh rsm;udk qGJaqmifEk difonfhtjyif EkdifiHjcm;olrsm;tMum;yg xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vsuf&Sdonfh rsm;udk qGJaqmifEk difonfhtjyif EkdifiHjcm;olrsm;tMum;yg xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vsuf&Sdonfh SHAYI

trSwftrSwf

trSwftrSwftrSwf

wHqdyf trsKd;orD;t0wftxnfrsm; jzpfonf/wHqdyf trsKd;orD;t0wftxnfrsm; jzpfonf/

wHqdyf trsKd;orD;t0wftxnfrsm; jzpfonf/wHqdyf trsKd;orD;t0wftxnfrsm; jzpfonf/wHqdyf trsKd;orD;t0wftxnfrsm; jzpfonf/

� Sun & Star Trading Co., Ltd. u 2005 ckESpf ESpfqef;ydkif;wGif '*HkNrdKUe,f? e0a';vrf;wGif pwifzGifhvSpfcJh/

� tBuD;tuJESifh 'DZkdif;ynm&SifrSm a':qef;abmuf&mjzpfNyD; 0efxrf;tiftm; 20 OD;ausmf&Sd/

� tr&yl&NrdKU&Sd &ufuef;pifwpfckwGif oD;oefY'DZkdif;ay; rSm,l&ufvkyfxm;aomcsnfxnfrsm;udk toHk;jyKxm;/

� udk,fydkif'DZdkif;? udk,fykdifenf;ynmudkyif toHk;jyKxm;NyD; jynfwGif;&Sdpufypönf;rsm;jzifh csKyfvkyf[kqdk/

� SHAYI trSwfwHqdyftaejzifh trsKd;orD;0wftusÐ? abmif;bD? puwf? *g0ef ponfjzifh 'DZkdif;trsKd;rsKd;udk

t&G,ftpm;trsKd;rsKd;jzifhxkwfvkyfxm;/

� vma&muf0,f,lolrsm;twGuf Fitting csay;jcif;tjyif? toifhcsKyfNyD;txnfrsm;\ t&G,ftpm;twkdif;

tqifrajyolrsm;twGuf udk,fwkdif;ESifh tyfESHEkdifap&efESifh ta&mifa&G;cs,fEkdifap&ef pDpOfxm;/

� 'DZifbmvtwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfhyrmPtxd 0,f,lolrsm;tm; c&pörwfvufaqmifay;jcif;rsm;udk

tcgtm;avsmfpGm jyKvkyfavh&SdaMumif;od&/

� Blazon Department Store wGifvnf; oD;oefYta&mif;aumifwmzGifhvSpfxm;NyD; qkdifcGJrsm;xyfrHwkd;csJUzGifhvSpf

oGm;&ef tpDtpOf&Sd[kqdk/

� vwfwavmzGifhvSpfxm;onfhqkdifrsm;-

- trSwf- 24^3? e0a';vrf;? a,mrif;BuD;&yfuGuf? '*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-250177? 253910

- trSwf-D-13? wwd,xyf? CHINA TOWN POINT CENTRE ? r[mAE¨Kvvrf;ESifh bkef;BuD;vrf;axmifh?

vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-215244? 215560~ 63 (vkdif;cGJ-107)

SHAYI

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

83

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER . 2008.xif&Sm;ausmfMum;jrefrmUpD;yGm;

jrefrmhyd k;xnfavmutwGif; 0ifa&mufcJhonfrSm q,fpkESpfoHk;ckausmf MumjrifhcJ hNyDjzpfaomfvnf;jrefrmhyd k;xnfavmutwGif; 0ifa&mufcJhonfrSm q,fpkESpfoHk;ckausmf MumjrifhcJ hNyDjzpfaomfvnf;

jrefrmhyd k;xnfavmutwGif; 0ifa&mufcJhonfrSm q,fpkESpfoHk;ckausmf MumjrifhcJ hNyDjzpfaomfvnf;jrefrmhyd k;xnfavmutwGif; 0ifa&mufcJhonfrSm q,fpkESpfoHk;ckausmf MumjrifhcJ hNyDjzpfaomfvnf;jrefrmhyd k;xnfavmutwGif; 0ifa&mufcJhonfrSm q,fpkESpfoHk;ckausmf MumjrifhcJ hNyDjzpfaomfvnf;

,ckxufxd atmifj,ckxufxd atmifj

,ckxufxd atmifj,ckxufxd atmifj,ckxufxd atmifj

rifxif&Sm;vsuf&SdNyD; qkdifcGJaygif; rifxif&Sm;vsuf&SdNyD; qkdifcGJaygif;

rifxif&Sm;vsuf&SdNyD; qkdifcGJaygif; rifxif&Sm;vsuf&SdNyD; qkdifcGJaygif; rifxif&Sm;vsuf&SdNyD; qkdifcGJaygif;

ig;ig;

ig;ig;ig;

qkdiftxd zGifhvSpfxm;Ekdifonfh ydk;xnfqkdifjzpfonf/qkdiftxd zGifhvSpfxm;Ekdifonfh ydk;xnfqkdifjzpfonf/

qkdiftxd zGifhvSpfxm;Ekdifonfh ydk;xnfqkdifjzpfonf/qkdiftxd zGifhvSpfxm;Ekdifonfh ydk;xnfqkdifjzpfonf/qkdiftxd zGifhvSpfxm;Ekdifonfh ydk;xnfqkdifjzpfonf/

� 1973 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;NrdKUawmf&Sd aps;csKdwGif pwifzGifhvSpfcJh/

� od*Ða&T0gukrÜPDvDrdwuf\ tBuD;tuJrSm OD;aomif;nGefYjzpfNyD; 'g½kdufwmtzGJU0if ESpfOD;? 0efxrf;tiftm;

25 OD;cefY&Sd/

� tr&yl&NrdKU&Sd od*Ða&T0gydk;xnfwkdufwGif udk,fwkdifxkwfvkyf[kqdk/

� 1997 ckESpfwGif A[ef;a&wm&Snfvrf;üvnf;aumif;? 2004 ckESpfwGif '*HkNrdKUe,f Adkvf&mnGefYvrf;wGifvnf;

aumif;? 2006 ckESpfwGif urm&GwfNrdKUe,f emewfawmvrf;wGifvnf;aumif; &efukefNrdKUawmfü toD;oD;

wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfcJh/

� ydk;xnfrsm;ESifhywfoufonfhydk;y0g? ydk;csdwfjynfh? ydk;csdwf'l;em;? ydk;ykqdk;? ydk;tusÐp? ydk;csnfwpfpHkpm (ydk;yef;csD)

ponfwdkYudk t&nftaoG;ppfrSefpGmESifh a&mif;csay;/

� tcrf;tem;ESifh r*Fvm{nfhcHyGJrsm;twGuf tcsdefwpfvcGJBudKwifí atmf'gtyfESHrSm,lEkdif/

� 'DZkdif;? ta&miftrsKd;rsKd;a&G;cs,fEkdifNyD; avmavmq,f yddk;csdwftjynfh tenf;qHk; usyf 98ç000 rS usyfESpfodef;?

oHk;odef;0ef;usiftxdvnf;aumif;? ydk;'l;em;csdwf tenf;qHk; usyfig;aomif;cefYrS usyfwpfodef;? ESpfodef;

0ef;usiftxdvnf;aumif; trsKd;tpm;? tqif'DZdkif;ay:rlwnfí aps;EIef;toD;oD;&Sd/

� vwfwavmzGifhvSpfxm;&Sdonfh qkdifcGJvdyfpmrsm;-

- trSwf- C-4-8? 33 vrf;? 77_78 vrf;Mum;? 32_33 vrf;Mum;? csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f? rEÅav;/

zkef;-02-68778

- ppfudkif;-rEÅav;vrf;rBuD;? a&wGif;nDaemif&yf? tr&yl&NrdKU/ zkef;-02-70051

- trSwf-39? tvHjybk&m;vrf;ESifh e0a';vrf;axmifh? '*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-09-5018045

- trSwf-24? emewfawmvrf;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-539346

- trSwf-125 (pD)? taemufa&T*Hkwkdifvrf;rBuD;? ,kZepifwma&SU? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-549430? 552982

od*Ða&T0g ydk;xnf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

84

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.&ufpGJrSwfwrf;

&ufpGJrSwfwrf;

11-7-2008Ä rkefwdkif;oifhjynfolrsm;tm; taxmuftyHhay;

a&;qdkif&m tvSL&SifEdkifiHrsm;ESihf tzGJYtpnf;rsm;\ n§dEIdif;

aqG;aEG;yGJudk &efukefNrdKU ewfarmufvrf;&Sd cswfx&D,H

[dkw,fü usif;y/

12-7-2008Ä &efukef-armfvNrdKifum;vrf;ay: rGefjynfe,f

oxHkc½dkif usKdufxdkNrdKUe,fESihf yJcl;wdkif; yJcl;c½dkif a0gNrdKUe,f

wdkYudk qufoG,fwnfaqmufxm;onhf yifrwHwm;t&Snf

1365 ay&Snfvsm;aom ppfawmif;wHwm; (rkyÜvif)

zGihfvSpf/

15-7-2008Ä pma&;q&marmif&JEdkif (c) OD;&Jjrihf (touf

68 ESpf) uG,fvGef/

16-7-2008Ä jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m ql'efor®wEdkifiH\ txl;

tmPmukefvTJtyfjcif;cH&aom oHtrwfBuD;tjzpf rpöwm

rD&f*geDrdk[mrufqmvdudk cefYtyf&ef oabmwlNyD;jzpf

aMumif; EkdifiHydkifowif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/

19-7-2008Ä a&Twd*Hkbk&m;ajrmufbuf&Sd tmZmenfAdrmefü

usif;ycJhaom 61 ESpfjynhf tmZmenfaeYtcrf;tem;wGif

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\*lAdrmefü om;BuD;jzpfol OD;atmif

qef;OD;\udk,fpm; OD;vSazu vGrf;olYyef;acGcs tav;jyK

uefawmhcJhNyD; useftmZmenfBuD;rsm;\ *lAdrmefrsm;wGif

vnf; oufqdkif&mrdom;pk0ifrsm;u vGrf;olYyef;acGrsm;

toD;oD;ay;ydkY*g&0jyKcJhMuaMumif; EdkifiHydkifowif;Xmersm;

wGif azmfjyyg&Sd/

Ä Ä

Ä Ä

Ä

,cifjrefrmarzvm;0g;bPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmf,cifjrefrmarzvm;0g;bPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmf

,cifjrefrmarzvm;0g;bPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmf,cifjrefrmarzvm;0g;bPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmf,cifjrefrmarzvm;0g;bPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmf

trdefYjzihf zsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyftrdefYjzihf zsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyf

trdefYjzihf zsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyftrdefYjzihf zsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyftrdefYjzihf zsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyf

ESHaiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmufESHaiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmuf

ESHaiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmufESHaiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmufESHaiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmuf

txm;jynfhpHkpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd txm;jynfhpHkpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd

txm;jynfhpHkpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd txm;jynfhpHkpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd txm;jynfhpHkpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd (Col-

lector of Yangon) XmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&mtcGef½Hk;XmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&mtcGef½Hk;

XmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&mtcGef½Hk;XmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&mtcGef½Hk;XmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&mtcGef½Hk;

(&efukefwdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;(&efukefwdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;

(&efukefwdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;(&efukefwdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;(&efukefwdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;

vrf;? &efukefNrdKUxHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdkivrf;? &efukefNrdKUxHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdki

vrf;? &efukefNrdKUxHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdkivrf;? &efukefNrdKUxHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdkivrf;? &efukefNrdKUxHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdki

ff

fff

aMumif; EdkifiHydkifowif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/aMumif; EdkifiHydkifowif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/

aMumif; EdkifiHydkifowif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/aMumif; EdkifiHydkifowif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/aMumif; EdkifiHydkifowif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/

21-7-2008Ä jrefrmtpdk;&? tmqD,HESihf ukvor*¾tzGJYwdkY

yl;aygif;zGJYpnf;xm;onfh oHk;yGihfqdkifA[dktzGJYonf qdkifu

vkef;rkefwdkif;em*pftvGef yl;wGJavhvmtuJjzwfrItzGJUtpD

&ifcHpmxkwfjyefonhf tcrf;tem;udk &efukefNrdKU tvHjy

bk&m;vrf;&Sd Park Royal [dkw,füusif;y/

Ä <uufrSwpfqihf vlodkYul;pufwwfaom tonf;a&mif

tom;0ga&m*g (Leptospirosis) ESihfywfoufonhf owd

ay;EId;aqmfcsufrsm;udk usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmerS xkwfjyef

aMunm/

22-7-2008

Ä ,ciftm&S"ebPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmfÄ ,ciftm&S"ebPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmf

Ä ,ciftm&S"ebPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmfÄ ,ciftm&S"ebPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmfÄ ,ciftm&S"ebPfvDrdwuf (w&m;½Hk;awmf

trdefYjzihfzsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyfEtrdefYjzihfzsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyfE

trdefYjzihfzsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyfEtrdefYjzihfzsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyfEtrdefYjzihfzsufodrf;qJ) \ vma&mufrxkwf,laom tyfE

S HS H

S HS HS H

aiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmuftxm;aiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmuftxm;

aiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmuftxm;aiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmuftxm;aiGtrsKd;rsKd;ESihf tjcm;ay;&efusefaiGrsm;udk taxmuftxm;

jynfhpH kpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd jynfhpH kpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd

jynfhpH kpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd jynfhpH kpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd jynfhpH kpGmjzihf &efukefaumfvdawåmft&m&Sd (Collector

of Yangon) XmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&m tcGef½Hk; (&efukefXmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&m tcGef½Hk; (&efukef

XmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&m tcGef½Hk; (&efukefXmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&m tcGef½Hk; (&efukefXmerSL;? ukrÜPDrsm;qdkif&m tcGef½Hk; (&efukef

wdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;vrf;? &efukefNrdKUwdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;vrf;? &efukefNrdKU

wdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;vrf;? &efukefNrdKUwdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;vrf;? &efukefNrdKUwdkif;) trSwf 62 'kwd,xyf? yef;qdk;wef;vrf;? &efukefNrdKU

xHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdkifaMumif; EdkifiHydkifxHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdkifaMumif; EdkifiHydkif

xHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdkifaMumif; EdkifiHydkifxHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdkifaMumif; EdkifiHydkifxHwGif vma&mufawmif;cH^xkwf,lEdkifaMumif; EdkifiHydkif

owif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/owif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/

owif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/owif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/owif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/

24-7-2008

Ä Ä

Ä Ä Ä

ukvor*¾ vlom;csif;pmemrI tultnDay;ukvor*¾ vlom;csif;pmemrI tultnDay;

ukvor*¾ vlom;csif;pmemrI tultnDay;ukvor*¾ vlom;csif;pmemrI tultnDay;ukvor*¾ vlom;csif;pmemrI tultnDay;

a&;qdkif&m n§dEIdif;a&;rSL;½Hk;tBuD;tuJ ukvor*¾ 'kwd,a&;qdkif&m n§dEIdif;a&;rSL;½Hk;tBuD;tuJ ukvor*¾ 'kwd,

a&;qdkif&m n§dEIdif;a&;rSL;½Hk;tBuD;tuJ ukvor*¾ 'kwd,a&;qdkif&m n§dEIdif;a&;rSL;½Hk;tBuD;tuJ ukvor*¾ 'kwd,a&;qdkif&m n§dEIdif;a&;rSL;½Hk;tBuD;tuJ ukvor*¾ 'kwd,

twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf

twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf H.E. Mr. John Holmes

OD;aqmifaom OD;aqmifaom

OD;aqmifaom OD;aqmifaom OD;aqmifaom

udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJY jrefrmEdkifiHodkYa&muf&Sd/udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJY jrefrmEdkifiHodkYa&muf&Sd/

udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJY jrefrmEdkifiHodkYa&muf&Sd/udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJY jrefrmEdkifiHodkYa&muf&Sd/udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJY jrefrmEdkifiHodkYa&muf&Sd/

25-7-2008Ä pifumylEdkifiHwGif Zlvdkifv 20 &ufrS 24 &uf

txdusif;yonhf (41) Budrfajrmuf tmqD,HEdkifiHjcm;a&;

0efBuD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;ESihf qufpyftpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY

wufa&mufcJhaom EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; OD;ÓPf

0if; acgif;aqmifonhfjrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGYJ jyefvnf

a&muf&Sd/

27-7-2008Ä jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tjyif;pm;MuufiSufwkyfauG;

a&m*gumuG,fxdef;csKyfa&;ESihf tjrpfjywfacsrIef;a&; jr§ihf

wifaqmif&GufrIvkyfief;pDrHudef; (Improvement of Pre-vention, Control and Education of HighlyPathogenicAvian Influenza in Myanmar Project-OSRO/MYA/801/

WBK) aqmif&Guf&ef oabmwlnDcsufudk jrefrmEdkifiH &Sd

arG;jrLa&;ESihfa&vkyfief;0efBuD;Xme arG;jrLa&;ESihfukoa&;

OD;pD;Xme? ukvor*¾pm;eyf&du©mESihfpdkufysKd;a&;tzGJY (FAO)

wdkYyl;aygif;í txufygOD;pD;XmewGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;/

28-7-2008Ä rEÅav;wdkif;? oydwfusif;NrdKUe,fESihf ppfudkif;

wdkif; xD;csKdifhNrdKUe,fwdkY&Sd waumif;awmifa'o eDu,f

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

85

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.&ufpGJrSwfwrf;

owåKodkuftm; xkwfvkyfrItay:cGJa0cHpm;onhfpepfjzihf

z,f½dkeDu,fxkwfvkyfrIvkyfief; oabmwlpmcsKyfudk owåK

wGif;0efBuD;Xme trSwf (3) owåKwGif;vkyfief;ESihf w½kwf

jynfolYor®wEdkifiH China Nonferrous Metal Mining

Nickel Co., Ltd. wdkY aejynfawmf&dS a&Teef;awmf[dkw,f

wGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;csKyfqdk/

30-7-2008Ä rJacgifa'o ajcmufEdkifiHjzpfaom jrefrm?

uarÇm'D;,m;? w½kwf? vmtdk? xdkif;ESihf AD,uferfEdkifiHrsm;rS

qufoG,fa&;t&m&SdBuD;rsm;yg0ifwufa&mufaom (7)

Budrfajrmuf rJacgifa'oEdkifiHrsm; owif;tcsuftvuf

qufoG,fa&; tjrefqufaMumif;wnfaqmufa&;tzGJU

vkyfief;n§dEIdif;tpnf;ta0; (GMS Information Super-

highway Implementation Group Meeting No. 7) udk

aejynfawmf&Sd a&Teef;awmf[dkw,fü usif;y/

1-8-2008Ä tdkifwDukrÜPDrsm;? oifwef;rsm;? uGefysLwm

ypönf;ta&mif;jycef;rsm;ESihf bmompum;oifwef;rsm;zGihf

vSpfoGm;rnhf rEÅav;NrdKUawmf 26 vrf;ESihf 85 vrf;axmihf

aps;csKdyvmZm yOörxyfESihf qXrxyfwdkY&Sd aps;csKdtdkifwD

ZkefzGihfvSpf/

Ä pma&;q&m? aA'ifvu©Pmq&m rif;odcF (c) OD;

atmifxGef; touf (70) ESpf uG,fvGef/

Ä tD&eftpövmrfrpfor®wEdkifiH wD[D&efNrdKUü Zlvdkifv 27

&ufrS 30 &uftxd usif;ycJhaom (15) Budrfajrmuf

bufrvdkufvIyf&Sm;rI0efBuD;tqihftpnf;ta0;odkY wuf

a&mufcJhaom EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; OD;ÓPf0if;

acgif;aqmifaom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU jyefvnf

a&muf&Sd/

4-8-2008Ä jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m jynfaxmifpkor®w*smreD

EdkifiH\txl;tmPmukefvTJtyfjcif;cH&aom oHtrwfBuD;

tjzpf rpöwm*sL;vD;,ufa*smhvGdKiftm; cefYtyf&ef oabm

wlNyD;jzpfaMumif; EdkifiHydkifowif;Xmersm;wGif xkwfjyef

aMunm/

6-8-2008

Ä Ä

Ä Ä Ä

cspfMunfa&;c&D;vnfywf&eftwGuf ul0dwcspfMunfa&;c&D;vnfywf&eftwGuf ul0dw

cspfMunfa&;c&D;vnfywf&eftwGuf ul0dwcspfMunfa&;c&D;vnfywf&eftwGuf ul0dwcspfMunfa&;c&D;vnfywf&eftwGuf ul0dw

ff

fff

EdkifiH0efBuD;csKyf &Sdwfemqm t,frdk[mruf t,ftmruEdkifiH0efBuD;csKyf &Sdwfemqm t,frdk[mruf t,ftmru

EdkifiH0efBuD;csKyf &Sdwfemqm t,frdk[mruf t,ftmruEdkifiH0efBuD;csKyf &Sdwfemqm t,frdk[mruf t,ftmruEdkifiH0efBuD;csKyf &Sdwfemqm t,frdk[mruf t,ftmru

ff

fff

t,f*smbm; t,fqmbm; acgif;aqmifaom udk,fpm;vS,t,f*smbm; t,fqmbm; acgif;aqmifaom udk,fpm;vS,

t,f*smbm; t,fqmbm; acgif;aqmifaom udk,fpm;vS,t,f*smbm; t,fqmbm; acgif;aqmifaom udk,fpm;vS,t,f*smbm; t,fqmbm; acgif;aqmifaom udk,fpm;vS,

ff

fff

tzGJ Y jrefrmEdkifiHodk Y a&muf&Sd/tzGJ Y jrefrmEdkifiHodk Y a&muf&Sd/

tzGJ Y jrefrmEdkifiHodk Y a&muf&Sd/tzGJ Y jrefrmEdkifiHodk Y a&muf&Sd/tzGJ Y jrefrmEdkifiHodk Y a&muf&Sd/

7-8-2008

Ä Ä

Ä Ä Ä

w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH ab*sif;NrdKUü usif;yw½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH ab*sif;NrdKUü usif;y

w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH ab*sif;NrdKUü usif;yw½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH ab*sif;NrdKUü usif;yw½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH ab*sif;NrdKUü usif;y

rnhf arnhf a

rnhf arnhf arnhf a

b*b*

b*b*b*

sif;tdkvHypfyGJawmfzGifhyGJtcrf;tem;odkY wufa&musif;tdkvHypfyGJawmfzGifhyGJtcrf;tem;odkY wufa&mu

sif;tdkvHypfyGJawmfzGifhyGJtcrf;tem;odkY wufa&musif;tdkvHypfyGJawmfzGifhyGJtcrf;tem;odkY wufa&musif;tdkvHypfyGJawmfzGifhyGJtcrf;tem;odkY wufa&mu

ff

fff

&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;odef;pdefacgif;aqmif&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;odef;pdefacgif;aqmif

&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;odef;pdefacgif;aqmif&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;odef;pdefacgif;aqmif&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;odef;pdefacgif;aqmif

aom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU w½kwfEdkifiHodkY xGufcGm/aom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU w½kwfEdkifiHodkY xGufcGm/

aom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU w½kwfEdkifiHodkY xGufcGm/aom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU w½kwfEdkifiHodkY xGufcGm/aom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU w½kwfEdkifiHodkY xGufcGm/

aMumfjim

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

88

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.aps;0,fvrf;nTef

trSwf 158 2008 ckESpf? pufwifbm

wuúodkvf0ifynm'ge axmufyHU&atmifem*pfqkdifuvkef;

rkefwkdif;'Pfudk tqkd;&Gm;

qHk;cHpm;cJh&wJh &efukef

wkdif;eJY {&m0wDwkdif; NrdKU

e,fudk;NrdKUe,fu ynm

qufvufoif,lzdkY t

cuftcJawGeJY&ifqkdifae

Mu&wJh wuúodkvf0if

wef;ausmif;ol? ausmif;

om; 2000 OD;ausmftwGuf ynm'geoifMum;rItpDtpOfyg/ r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f

urÇmat;em*vdkPf*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JU Mo0g'udkcH,lNyD; &efukefNrdKU MHR

oifwef;ausmif;rSm Marketing Diploma Level I wufa&mufaewJh oifwef;

om; OD;atmifqef;vif; (c) D atmifydkifeJY &efukefNrdKUay:eJY rkefwkdif;'Pfoifh

NrdKUawGu wuúodkvf0ifwef;bmom&yfenf;jyq&m? q&mrawGpkpnf;wnf

axmifzGifhvSpfvdkufwJh D.A.P ynm'getcrJhoifwef;rSm rkefwkdif;'PfoifhNrdKUe,f

toD;oD;u ,ckESpf 2008-2009 ckESpf wuúodkvf0ifwef;ajzqdkMur,fh ausmif;

ol? ausmif;om; 2000 OD;ausmfudk pae? we*FaEG eJY tpdk;&ausmif;ydwf&ufawGrSm

tJ'DNrdKUawGrSm&SdwJh omoemhAdrmefeJY bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;awGrSm ynm'ge oif

Mum;ydkYcsay;vsuf&Sdygw,f/ q&m? q&mrawGu apwemh0efxrf; ynm'ge

vma&mufoifMum;ydkYcsay;ayr,fhvnf; rsm;jym;vSwJhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;

awG twGuf pmtkyfpmwrf;eJY oifaxmufulypönf;awG? oifwef;oHk;y&dabm*awG

0,f,ljznfhqnf;zdkY tvSLaiGvdktyfaeqJvdkY od&Sd&ygw,f/

em*pfrkefwdkif;tNyD; taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ynmqufvufoif,lzdkY

tcuftcJjzpfaeMu&wJh tJ'Da'ou wuúodkvf0ifwef;ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;

awGudk wpfwyfwpftm;ynmyg&rDjznfhqnf;vdkMuolrsm;twGuf qufoG,fyHhydk;

vSL'gef;Ekdifr,fhvdyfpmudk azmfjyay;vdkufygw,f/

a':at;at;cdkifa':at;at;cdkif

a':at;at;cdkifa':at;at;cdkifa':at;at;cdkif

(refae*sm)(refae*sm)

(refae*sm)(refae*sm)(refae*sm)

Myanmar Human Resources (MHR)

tcef;-905? 9-xyf? oHaps;uGef'dkrDeD,rf? vrf;rawmfvrf;?

vomNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-216168? 395802? 707822

Golf ½kdufcsifw,fqkdGolf udk taysmfwrf;½kdufcsif

vdkYyJjzpfjzpf? usef;rma&;twGuf t

axmuftuljzpfatmif avhvmvkduf

pm;vdkvdkYyJjzpfjzpf Golf avhusifhzdkY

pdwful;xm;olawGtwGuf tqif

ajyEkdifr,fh ae&mwpfckyg/ wpfOD;csif;

'grSr[kwf tzGJUvdkufoifMum;rItpD

tpOfawGomru csefyD,Htqifht

xd oifMum;rItpDtpOfawGyg pDpOf

xm;wm&Sdw,fvdkYod&ygw,f/ udk,f

um,eJY pdwfydkif;qkdif&m wkd;wufrI

twGuf oifay;wmrsKd;eJY txl; Golf

Clinic wdkYvdk tpDtpOfawGudk 0g&ifh

Golf enf;jyq&mawGjzpfwJh OD;csrf;

[ef? OD;udkudkav;? pdk;ausmfEkdif? aZmf

ydkifOD;wdkYu oifay;rSmjzpfw,fvdkYqkd

xm;ygw,f/ EkdifiHwumtqifhrD

oifMum;rItaxmuftuljyKypönf;

awGeJY oifMum;ay;rSmjzpfw,fvdkY od

&wmaMumifh Professional txd jzpf

vdkolawGtwGufvnf; avSum;xpf

wpfck jzpfrSmyg/

vdyfpm -

Myanmar Golf Club

Driving Range

Han Golf and Masters Academy

ausmufa&wGif;vrf;?

r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-651797

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

89


vkyfief;opf ? qkdifopf� Concordia International Co., Ltd.

aejynfawmfta&mif;pifwmESif h½k H;cJ Gaejynfawmfta&mif;pifwmESif h½k H;cJ G

aejynfawmfta&mif;pifwmESif h½k H;cJ Gaejynfawmfta&mif;pifwmESif h½k H;cJ Gaejynfawmfta&mif;pifwmESif h½k H;cJ G

trSwf-144? oD&d&wemtqifhjrifhaps;? (Shopping

Complex) ? aejynfawmf/ zkef;-067-420819

� Royal Life Internet Cafe

wdkuf-112? tcef; (5)? ajrnDxyf? 8 rkdif? jynfvrf;?

r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-652910? 09-5241013? 09-5011326

� NEC Show Room & Authorised Service Centre

trSwf? 550^552? ukefonfvrf;? 36 vrf;axmifh?

ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-245180? 204071? 384109? Fax-245180

E-mail: [email protected]

�Edkifrdom;pk tdrfaqmufypönf;a&mif;0,fa&;Edkifrdom;pk tdrfaqmufypönf;a&mif;0,fa&;

Edkifrdom;pk tdrfaqmufypönf;a&mif;0,fa&;Edkifrdom;pk tdrfaqmufypönf;a&mif;0,fa&;Edkifrdom;pk tdrfaqmufypönf;a&mif;0,fa&;

taqmif (43)? tcef;(1^2)? apmfbGm;BuD;ukef;yGJ½HkESifh

ta0;ajy;,mOf&yfem;pcef;? tif;pdefNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� GHEC English Language, Chinese Language and

Pre-School

trSwf (4-A/B)? ajrmif;jrvrf;? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef/

zkef;-09-5020476? 09-5018546

� Sky Choice "mwfyHkESif h AD'D,kdpwl'D,kd"mwfyHkESif h AD'D,kdpwl'D,kd

"mwfyHkESif h AD'D,kdpwl'D,kd"mwfyHkESif h AD'D,kdpwl'D,kd"mwfyHkESif h AD'D,kdpwl'D,kd

trSwf-38? tif;pdefvrf;? blwm½Hkvrf;rSwfwkdifteD;?

(9) &yfuGuf? vIdifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� TRUE NEWS (opöm) owif;*sme,f(opöm) owif;*sme,f

(opöm) owif;*sme,f(opöm) owif;*sme,f(opöm) owif;*sme,f

trSwf-110? 'kwd,xyf? vrf; 50? tv,fbavmuf?

ykZGefawmifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-293679? 708439?

09-5131866?


[email protected]

� Pansoldan yef;csDjycef;yef;csDjycef;

yef;csDjycef;yef;csDjycef;yef;csDjycef;

yef;qkd;wef;vrf; (txuf)? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef/

� EXPOSURE Digital Photo & Video

trSwf-25? r[mabm*vrf;? ajreDukef;?

prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

�vufuD;abmhpf AD'D,kdxkwfvkyfjzefYcsda&;vufuD;abmhpf AD'D,kdxkwfvkyfjzefYcsda&;

vufuD;abmhpf AD'D,kdxkwfvkyfjzefYcsda&;vufuD;abmhpf AD'D,kdxkwfvkyfjzefYcsda&;vufuD;abmhpf AD'D,kdxkwfvkyfjzefYcsda&;

trSwf (217^u^2)? 35 vrf; (txuf)?

ausmufwHwm; NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� Mya Yeik Nyo Beauty Saloon & SPA

ykvJvrf;? (C) aqmif? jr&dyfndK[kdw,f? A[ef;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef/

� Nail Art Beauty Line

trSwf (1^2^3)? yxrxyf? pH&dyfNidrfESifh qifa&wGif;

rSwfwkdifMum;? tif;pdefvrf;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� ACE Mobile Handsets & Accessories

trSwf-428? D-3? a&T*Hkwkdifvrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-543357? 09-5044494

� Mr.Gtalk

rkdbkdif;vfzkef;ESif h tykdypönf;trsKd;rsKd;a&mif;0,fa&;rkdbkdif;vfzkef;ESif h tykdypönf;trsKd;rsKd;a&mif;0,fa&;

rkdbkdif;vfzkef;ESif h tykdypönf;trsKd;rsKd;a&mif;0,fa&;rkdbkdif;vfzkef;ESif h tykdypönf;trsKd;rsKd;a&mif;0,fa&;rkdbkdif;vfzkef;ESif h tykdypönf;trsKd;rsKd;a&mif;0,fa&;

trSwf-9? jynfjrefrmukefwkduf0if;? tif;pdefvrf;?

vSnf;wef;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-527629

� 09 Mobile Phone Sales & Service Center

trSwf-53? tif;pdefvrf;? vSnf;wef;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-537229? 09-5022423? 09-5060423

� Zegyo IT Zone

aps;csKdyvmZm? aps;csKdawmfteD;?

26 vrf;_85 vrf;axmifh? rEÅav;/

� Ray World Complex

77_78 vrf;Mum;? rEÅav;/

� Sweet Digital Photo & Design

38 vrf;_73 vrf;axmifh? rtlyifNcH?

r[matmifajrNrdKUe,f? rEÅav;/

� Jasmine Phyu

Gems & Jewellery

trSwf-56? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;? &efuif;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-661762

pm;aomufqkdifopf� Mr. Bar B.Q

trSwf-423? atmufMunfhjrifwkdifvrf;?

IT vufzuf&nfqkdifESifhuyfvsuf? tvHkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� Mr.POEM (qkdifcJ Gopf)(qkdifcJ Gopf)

(qkdifcJ Gopf)(qkdifcJ Gopf)(qkdifcJ Gopf)

aMu;tkd;? MuufqDxrif;? qefjyKwfaMu;tkd;? MuufqDxrif;? qefjyKwf

aMu;tkd;? MuufqDxrif;? qefjyKwfaMu;tkd;? MuufqDxrif;? qefjyKwfaMu;tkd;? MuufqDxrif;? qefjyKwf

yg&rDvrf;? acsmfwGif;ukef;? &efuif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� Moon Bakery (qkdifcJ Gopf)(qkdifcJ Gopf)

(qkdifcJ Gopf)(qkdifcJ Gopf)(qkdifcJ Gopf)

,cif r½kd;qef;½kyf&Sif½kH? oAdefA&rf;vrf;? wmarGNrdKUe,f?


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

90


ae&majymif; ? vdyfpmopf� YE NOOS & ASSOCIATES (Law firm & Audit firm)

trSwf-176^178(yxrxyf)? Akdvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? r[mAE¨Kvvrf;ESifh

taemf&xmvrf;Mum;? ykZGefawmifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-296132? 203023? 203496

� Viewsonic Service Centre

trSwf-8? 87 vrf;? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-709601

�Ek&nfyGif h tqifhjrifhpufcsKyfqkdifEk&nfyGif h tqifhjrifhpufcsKyfqkdif

Ek&nfyGif h tqifhjrifhpufcsKyfqkdifEk&nfyGif h tqifhjrifhpufcsKyfqkdifEk&nfyGif h tqifhjrifhpufcsKyfqkdif

trSwf-38? A[dkvrf;? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-725037

�o&zl tvSjyKjyifa&;ESif hpwdk;o&zl tvSjyKjyifa&;ESif hpwdk;

o&zl tvSjyKjyifa&;ESif hpwdk;o&zl tvSjyKjyifa&;ESif hpwdk;o&zl tvSjyKjyifa&;ESif hpwdk;

trSwf-97? OD;0dpm&vrf;? '*HkNrdKUopf (ajrmufydkif;) NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� Nobel Cake

trSwf-250? 28 vrf;? 82_83 vrf;Mum;? rEÅav;/

� Crystal Moon Digital Camera Shop

trSwf-248(A) ? 33 vrf;? 82 vrf;_83 vrf;?

csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f? rEÅav;/

� avita Distribution Channel

'kwd,xyf? aps;csKd[kdw,f? 27 vrf;_28 vrf;Mum;? 84 vrf;? rEÅav;/

� Feel Man Beauty Salon

31 vrf;? 81 vrf;_82 vrf;? rEÅav;/

�a&TvDtom;uifqkdifa&TvDtom;uifqkdif

a&TvDtom;uifqkdifa&TvDtom;uifqkdifa&TvDtom;uifqkdif

emewfawmvrf;ESifh jynfvrf;axmifh? trSwf (7) &yfuGuf?

urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

rEåav;rSm axmywfppfppf 0,fr,fqkd&if

1996 ckESpfrSpvkdY ukd,fykdifEkdYcsuf

puf½kHxkwfaxmywfjzpfNyD; "mwkaA'

aq;0g;rygwJhtwGuf usef;rma&;eJY nD

nGwfw,fvkdY qkdxm;ygw,f/ oefY&Sif;

vwfqwfpGmeJY xkwfvkyfxm;wJhtwGuf

vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G; pm;okH;Ekdifyg

w,f/ vkdtyfovkd tokH;jyKEkdifygw,f/

yvwfpwpfbl;rsm;eJY xkyfykd;xm;wJht

wGufaMumifhvnf; o,faqmif&vG,ful

ygw,f/ ukd,fwkdifxkwfa&mif;cswm jzpf

wJhtwGuf aps;EIef;csKdomNyD; vufvD

vufum; 0,f,lEkdifygw,f/

yif&if; - a&Tjrefrmaxmywf a&Tjrefrmaxmywf

a&Tjrefrmaxmywf a&Tjrefrmaxmywf a&Tjrefrmaxmywf

aiGpE´mqDpuf? pufauGU&yf? jrpfi,fNrdKU?

rEÅav;wkdif;/

zkef;-02-54498

qkdifcJG-W-22? ref;jrefrmyvmZm?

ajrnDxyf? aps;csKdxkd;rkefYqkdifrsm;ESifh

rsufESmcsif;qkdif? rEÅav;NrdKU/

zkef;-09-2001227? 09-2030669

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

91


Quality tdwfcspfolrsm;twGuftdwfqdkvdkufwmeJY vufudkiftdwfvm;? pvif;buftdwfvm;?

a&Smhyif;buftdwfvm;? vufudkifacguftdwfvm;? c&D;aqmiftdwf

vm; povkdtrsKd;rsKd;&SdwJhtxJu b,fvdktdwfrsKd;rqdk BudKufESpfouf

MuwJholawGtwGuf vrf;nTefay;vdkufwmyg/ 'DqkdifrSm 'DZkdif;trsKd;

tpm;wpfrsKd;xJ oD;oefYa&mif;wmrsKd;r[kwfbJ Brand tvkduf tdwf

trsKd;tpm;tpHktvif a&mif;csay;wm awGU&ygw,f/

trSwfwHqdyfoD;oefYr&SdwJh zefpDvkdayghayghyg;yg;eJY aps;EIef;

oufomwJhtdwfawGvkdrsKd;awGr[kwfbJ emrnfausmftrSwfwHqdyf

t&nftaoG;jrifhtdwfawGudk udk,fwkdifoHk;pGJzdkYyJjzpfjzpf? vufaqmif

ay;zdkYyJjzpfjzpf 0,fcsifwJholawGtwGuf vrf;nTefay;vdkuf&jcif;yg/

tDwvD Brand awGjzpfwJh Le Vargee, Valentino, Rudy eJY *syefEkdifiH

vkyf ACE trSwfwHqdyfawGvnf; &Ekdifygw,f/ 'Daps;uGufawGt

wGuf oD;oefYxkwfvkyfwJhqDu wkduf½kdufwifoGif;a&mif;cswmrdkY aps;

EIef;oifhwifhpGmeJY a&mif;csay;EkdifwmygvdkY qkdygw,f/ Ocean

Supercenter? pdefa*[mqlygpifwm? *rkef;yGifh? Blazon eJY vSnf;

wef;u Post Collection awGrSmvnf; 0,f,lEkdifwm awGU&ygw,f/

SWEET BAGS

--

--- J-10 yxrxyf? ,kZeyvmZm? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-09-5011876? 09-9928813

- trSwf-102 (A)? bdkuav;aps;vrf;? AdkvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f?

&efukef/

- rdeDpwdk;? rEÅav;/

[dkw,foifwef;wufvdkolrsm;twGuf

[dkw,fqdkif&mvkyfief;cGif0ifa&mufvdkolrsm;

twGuf [dkw,foifwef;ausmif;wpfckudk vrf;nTef

vkdufyg&ap/ tdyfcef;aqmifxdef;odrf;a&;oifwef;?

tpm;tpmESifhtazsmf,rum {nfhcHauR;arG;a&;oif

wef;? {nfhBudK? [dkw,foHk;t*Fvdyfpm? taxGaxGt*F

vdyfpmawGtjyif yef;tvSjyKjyifenf;awGudkyg oif

Mum;ay;vsuf&SdNyD; oifwef;NyD;wmeJY jynfwGif;? jynfy

rSm&SdwJh[dkw,fawGrSm tvkyf&&Sdatmif aqmif&Guf

ay;w,fvdkY qkdxm;ygw,f/ txl;tpDtpOftaeeJY

avab;oifha'ou wuúodkvf0ifwef;atmifNyD;wJh vl

i,fawGudk ynm'getjzpf tcrJhoifMum;ay;oGm;r,f

vdkY qkdxm;ygw,f/

vdyfpm--

---

Brightful Horizone Hotel Management & Training

Centre

wkduf (105)? 3-vTm? tcef;(4)?

8 rkdifvrf;qHk? jynfvrf;?

r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef/

zkef;-665235

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

92

Laptop 0,fr,fqkduGefysLwmoHk;pGJrI wjznf;jznf;rsm;jym;vmaewJh 'DaeY

acwfrSm Laptop uGefysLwmawG[mvnf; tawmfae&m,l

vmygw,f/ oGm;av&mukd tvG,fwulo,faqmifoGm;Ekdif

NyD; tifwmeufudkyg xkdif&mrx csdwfquftokH;jyKEkdifwm

aMumifh ausmif;om;? ausmif;olawGutp ½Hk;0efxrf;tqHk;

Dasktop PC ae&mukd tpm;xkd;tokH;jyKvmMuwmukd awGU&yg

w,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGaqmif&GufzkdYomru Life Style

wpfcktaeeJYyg a&yef;pm;vmwJh tJ'D Laptop uGefysLwmukd

0,f,lvdkolawGtwGuf trSwfwHqdyfrsKd;pkH0,f,l&&SdEkdifwJh &ef

ukefNrdKUv,fteD;u qkdifwpfqdkifudk vrf;nTefvdkygw,f/ 'Dqkdif

rSm Laptop uGefysLwmrsKd;pHkudk a&G;cs,f0,f,lEkdifNyD; Service

ydkif;yg wm0ef,lw,fvdkYqdkxm;ygw,f/ rdrdBudKufESpfoufwJh

'DZkdif;? Function yg0ifrI? aiGaMu;taetxm;ay:rlwnfNyD;

a&G;cs,f0,f,lvdkolawGtwGuf vrf;nTefvkdufygw,f/

vdyfpm-

VCT Group Laptop Computer Sales & Services

trSwf (30^A)? a,mrif;BuD;vrf;?

'*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-245179? Fax-245037

E-mail:[email protected]

SS Food Channel

0gwGif;oHk;vtpDtpOfpm;aomufzG,ftawmfrsm;rsm;udk wpfae&mwnf;rSm

a&G;cs,fpm;oHk;EkdifwJhqdkifwpfckyg/ eHeufpmupvdkY npmtxd

Menu tawmfpHkpHkvifvif&EkdifvdkY trsm;udk{nfhcHauR;arG;csif

&ifyJjzpfjzpf? rdom;pkvdkuf oGm;a&mufoHk;aqmifvdk&ifyJjzpfjzpf

tqifajyEkdifwmawGU&ygw,f/ tckumvuawmh Ak'¨bmom

0ifawG&JU txl;tjrwfumvjzpfwJh 0gwGif;umvjzpfwmrdkY

t&ifu oufowfvGwfrpm;wJholawmif 'Dumva&muf&if

oufowfvGwfpm;Mu? OykofapmifhMueJY wwfEkdiforQ ukodkvf

,lMuavh&Sdygw,f/ udk,fh,HkMunfrIeJYudk,f oufowfvGwfyJ

pm;pm;? t&ifuwnf;u tom;rpm;MuwJholawGyJjzpfjzpf?

toD;t&Gufqdkwm vlwkdif;eJYoifhavsmfwmrdkY SS Food Chan-

nel &JU 0gwGif;oHk;vtxl;tpDtpOftjzpfa&mif;cswJh ouf

owfvGwf[if;yGJawGudk jrnf;prf;Ekdifatmif vrf;nTefay;vdkuf

wmyg/

vdyfpm -

SS Food Channel

trSwf-60? q&mpHvrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-556224? 553941


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

93

yef;½kdufoHxnf atmf'grSmr,fqdkaetdrf0if;wHcg;rSmyJjzpfjzpf? 0&HwmtvSqifzdkYyJjzpfjzpf oHyef;? oHwHcg;rsKd;pHk

0,f,lEkdifwJhae&myg/ pdwfBudKuf'DZkdif;twkdif; yef;½kdufoHxnfawGudk atmf'grSmr,f

qdk&ifvnf; vufcHjyKvkyfaqmif&Gufay;w,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm tqifhjrifh

yHkazmfoH'DZkdif;rsKd;pHktjyif y&dabm*eJY Steel ypönf;awGudkyg 0,f,lEkdifrSmyg/

vdyfpm - Myanmar KEK Group Co., Ltd.

trSwf-66? a&Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;? yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-241267? 242197? 256021? zufpf-256021

0goemtkd;awGtwGufabmuefzdeyfaumif;aumif;½kyfoHrD'D,meJY*sme,f? r*¾Zif;omru t0wftxnf? tokH;taqmifypönf;

awGtxd aps;uGufus,fus,fjyefYjyefY ykdykdNyD;ae&m,lvmwJhtwGufaMumifh abmvkH;

0goemygolawG wpfaeYxufwpfaeY ykdwkd;vmwm rvGJ{uefyg/ 'gaMumifh 'Dwpfywf

twGuf uGif;xJrSm ajcaxmufemvkdY? 0wfxm;wJhzdeyfBuD;u rawmfrwnfhjzpfaevkdY

pdwfnpfaewJh abmvkH;uef0goemtkd;awGukd abmuefzdeyfaumif;aumif;&wJhae&m

av;ukd vrf;nTefay;vkdufygw,f/ 'DqkdifrSm om;a&ppfppfeJYcsKyfvkyfxm;wJhzdeyfawGyJ

a&mif;csay;r,fvkdY qkdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ukd,fvkdcsifwJhykHpH&Sd? r&SdeJY aps;EIef;pkHprf;vkdol

awG BuKdwifpkHprf;EkdifatmifvkdY vdyfpmu-

ausmfjrif hausmfjrif h

ausmfjrif hausmfjrif hausmfjrif h

tqifhjrifhabmuefzdeyfrsm;tqifhjrifhabmuefzdeyfrsm;

tqifhjrifhabmuefzdeyfrsm;tqifhjrifhabmuefzdeyfrsm;tqifhjrifhabmuefzdeyfrsm;

trSwf-192? okcvrf;? (8) &yfuGuf? vIdifNrKdUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-527205? 09-5110584

aejynfawmfubufpkHom;zGm;oifwef;

EkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpf tenf;qkH; okH;

ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmif&r,fh aejynfawmf

u bufpkHom;zGm; 18 v oifwef;yg/

usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? aq;odyÜHynm

OD;pD;Xmeatmufu olemjyKom;zGm;oif

wef;ausmif;rsm;rS zGifhvSpfoifMum;ay;

r,fhoifwef;jzpfvkdY 'Doifwef;wufa&muf

zkdYtouf? ukd,fa&;&mZ0if? wuúokdvf

0ifwef;atmifvufrSwf pwmawGtjyif

wjcm;tcsuftvuftcsKdUvnf; vkdtyf

ygw,f/ 'Doifwef;wufa&mufzkdY pdwf

0ifpm;olawGtwGuf tao;pdwfpkHprf;

EkdifzkdY vdyfpmukd azmfjyay;vkdufygw,f/

oufqkdif&m jynfe,f^wkdif;oufqkdif&m jynfe,f^wkdif;

oufqkdif&m jynfe,f^wkdif;oufqkdif&m jynfe,f^wkdif;oufqkdif&m jynfe,f^wkdif;

usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerSL;½kH;rsm;usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerSL;½kH;rsm;

usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerSL;½kH;rsm;usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerSL;½kH;rsm;usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerSL;½kH;rsm;

aq;odyÜHynmOD;pD;Xmeaq;odyÜHynmOD;pD;Xme

aq;odyÜHynmOD;pD;Xmeaq;odyÜHynmOD;pD;Xmeaq;odyÜHynmOD;pD;Xme

(olemjyKXmepdwf)? aejynfawmf/

zkef;-067-411148? 411149


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

94

tckaemufydkif; jrefrmrdef;uav;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m

obm0qHyifudk ajymif;vJypfzdkY0efrav;bJ vkdufzuf&m? vkduf

zufr,fxif&m qHyifyHkpHudk ajymif;vJjyKvkyfvmMuavh&Sdwm

awGU&ygw,f/ tJ'DxJurS ½kd;½kd;qHyifn§yfyHkajymif;wmrsKd;

r[kwfbJ qHyifaumufwm? ajzmifhwm? aq;qdk;wmrsKd;awGudk

BuD;BuD;? i,fi,fra&G; vkyfaqmifvmMuw,fqdkwmudk ]qHyif

txl;ajzmifhonf? aumufonf} pwJhaMumfjimawGudk jrifawGU

&½HkeJY odEkdifygw,f/

jrefrmrdef;uav;awGtaeeJYawmh qHyifaumufwm

xufpm&if qHyifajzmifhwmu tawmfrsm;rsm;eJY vkdufzufr,f

xifygw,f/ bmvdkYqdk qHyifaumufxm;&if 'DqHyifeJYvdkufzuf

wJh 0wfpm;qif,ifyHkudk txl;*½kpdkuf&vdkYyg/ 'Dtjrifay:awmh

t,ltqrwlolawGvnf; &Sdygvdrfhr,f/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf qH

yifajzmifh? aumufawmhr,fvkdY pOf;pm;vdkufwmeJY t"du

ta&;BuD;wm aq;t&nftaoG;&,f? tmrcHay;EkdifrI&,fygyJ/

qHyifeJYywfoufNyD; aq;xdvdkY qHyifawGaMuoGm;wm? OD;a&

jym;xdckdufrdwm? udk,fhbmomvufwnfhprf;rdvdkY qHyiftaxG;

vdkufuRwfukefwm povdkrsKd;awGvnf; Mum;&avh&SdvdkYyg/

tckazmfjyay;vdkufwJh qHyifajzmifhEkdifwJhqkdifawGu t,f

'DwmtaeeJY a&G;cs,fxm;wmrsKd;r[kwfbJ usoifhr,fhaps;EIef;

eJYwuG aMumfjimavh&SdwJhqkdifawGudk vufvSrf;rDoavmuf pk

pnf;NyD;azmfjyay;vdkufwmyg/ aps;EIef;eJYwuGay;Ekdifr,fh0ef

aqmifrIudkyg aMumfjimxm;awmh jyKvkyfolawG&JU pdwf0ifpm;rI

udkvnf; &&SdwwfwmawGU&ygw,f/ vlwpfudk,frSm ta&;BuD;

wJh qHauomeJYqufpyfaewmrdkY rjyKvkyfcifrSm usoifhr,fh

aps;EIef;? tmrcHay;EkdifrI? jyKvkyfay;r,fh aq;&JU t&nftaoG;

awGudk aoaocsmcsm ar;jref;a&G;cs,fzdkYawmhvdk ygvdrfhr,f/

� MOMIJI

- trSwf-149? txufykZGefawmifpmwkdufrSwfwkdifteD;?

r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-09-5186900

- trSwf-444? ukefonfvrf;?

43 vrf;ESifh 44 vrf;Mum;? bdkuav;aps;rSwfwkdifteD;?

AkdvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-297930? 09-5191284

�'@m&D'@m&D

'@m&D'@m&D'@m&D

- trSwf-275? Anm;'vvrf;?

atmifr*FvmrSwfwkdifteD;? wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

- trSwf-114^116 ajrnDxyf? 46 vrf; (txuf)?

AdkvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

- a&Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;ESifh OD;0dpm&vrf;axmifh?

'*Hkyef;NcHtwGif;? '*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� 7th Corner

- -

- - - odrfjzLvrf;? zdkYajrvrf;axmifh?

odrfjzLaps;rSwfwkdifteD;? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f?

&efukef/

- (17) vrf;xdyf? taemf&xmvrf;ray:? vomNrdKUe,f?

&efukef/

- ajreDukef;rD;yGdKifh? jynfvrf;? &wemyHk½kyf&Sif½Hk?

yxrxyf? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� You Beauty Saloon

trSwf-20? 88 vrf;? uefawmfuav;?

r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-384034

� Y.Y.A

trSwf-279? ajrnDxyf tcef; (D)? Anm;'vvrf;?

bk&ifhaemif½kyf&Sif½Hkab;? t½kd;ukef;&yfuGuf?

wmarGNrdKUe,f?

(atmifr*FvmrSwfwkdif)? &efukef/ zkef;-724280

� Nail Art Beauty Line

wkduf-1? 2? 3? yxrxyf?

pH&dyfNidrfESifh qifa&wGif;rSwfwkdifMum;? tif;pdefvrf;?

urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-09-5113612

�jrwfEk d;oljrwfEk d;ol

jrwfEk d;oljrwfEk d;oljrwfEk d;ol

trSwf-55? owdy|mefvrf;? ausmufajrmif;?

wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-09-5111778

�wifhw,f(tvSpHtdrf)wifhw,f(tvSpHtdrf)

wifhw,f(tvSpHtdrf)wifhw,f(tvSpHtdrf)wifhw,f(tvSpHtdrf)

trSwf-(17?c)? &wemvrf;? oCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-09-5188477? 09-5127875

� MI DORI Beauty Centre

trSwf-32^3? tvHjybk&m;vrf;? Parkroyal Hotel a&SU?

'*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-252314? 389218? 09-9941604

� LADY LIGHT Beauty Saloon

wdkuf-9? tcef;-001? atmifcsrf;omtdrf&m? ta&SU

a&T*Hkwkdifvrf;? ta&SUa&T*Hkwkdif&yfuGuf? wmarGt0dkif;rSwf

wkdifteD;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-554100? 554122 (vkdif;cGJ-325)

qHyifajzmifUvdkolawGtwGuf


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

95

� aroma (Hair & Beauty Spa)Aroma Wellness Shopping Centre Level-4

trSwf S-25? Level 4? OD;cspfarmiftdrf&m?

OD;cspfarmifvrf;? wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-556811

� Zenith

trSwf-53? atmifvS&dyfomvrf;? (1) &yfuGuf?

tif;pdefvrf;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-530001

�aiGuH haumfaiGuH haumf

aiGuH haumfaiGuH haumfaiGuH haumf

wkduf-219? tcef;-2? 12 vHk;wef;rD;yGdKifhteD;?

&efuif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-09-5131497

� SEVEN HANA

trSwf-62? 16 vrf; (atmuf)? vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f?


� SHINE

wkduf-6? tcef;-103? atmifcsrf;omtdrf&m?

ta&SUa&T*Hkwdkifvrf;? wmarGt0dkif;rSwfwkdifteD;?

ta&SUa&T*Hkwkdif&yfuGuf? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-09-5039624? 554100 (vkdif;cGJ-354)

� AMY KO KO

--

--- trSwf-B-12? ykvJuGef'dk? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;ESifh

q&mpHvrf;axmifh? [mrpfwpfrD;yGdKifhteD;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-557486 (vkdif;cGJ-875)

- trSwf-19-A? uarÇmZvrf;?

a&TawmifMum; (2) &yfuGuf? rlBudKausmif;a&SU?

A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-703145? 09-8020206

qdkvmjym;wyfqifvdkvQifvQyfppf"mwftm;r&&SdwJhae&mawGrSm aea&mifjcnfuae

vQyfppf"mwftm;&&Sdatmif qdkvmjym; wyfqifvdkolawGt

wGuf qdkvmjym;0,f,l&&SdEkdifr,fh ae&mwpfckudk vrf;nTefvdk

ygw,f/ qdkvmjym;wyfqifxm;wmaMumifh vQyfppf"mwftm;

tvG,fwul&&SdNyD; vkyfief;awGaqmif&Guf&mrSm vG,fulvsif

jrefaprSmyg/ avab;oifha'oawGrSm vQyfppfrD;&&Sdatmif

qdkvmjym;wyfqifvSL'gef;vkdolawGtwGufvnf; pHkprf;0,f

,lvSL'gef;Ekdifygw,f/ obm0ywf0ef;usifudk rnpfnrf;

rysufpD;apbJ vQyfppfrD;&&SdEkdifwmrkdYvkdY vrf;nTefvkduf&jcif;yg/

vdyfpm-

Solar Power

trSwf(63)? 9 vrf;? vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-221451? 222360? 214825? 220295? 221932? 226904


armfvNrdKifuRef;NrdKYu a&uefBuD;xrif;qdkifarmfvNrdKifuRef;NrdKUv,f a&uefteD;rSmwnf&SdNyD; jrefrm?

w½kwf tpm;taomufESpfrsKd;pvHk;&w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ txl;

ojzifh jrefrm[if;csuf tvGefaumif;NyD; [if;tr,fvnf;

e,fNrdKUav;wpfNrdKU&J xrif;qdkifvdkYrxif&atmif pHkvSovdk

t&ef[if;&nfudkvnf; wpf&ufwpfrsKd; r½kd;atmif csufay;

xm;w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ &Hzef&Hcg ta&;ay:vkyfay;wJh jrif;cGm

&Guf[if;csKd? yJyifayguf[if;csKdawG[m t&om&Sdovdk ig;yd

axmif;eJYwdkYp&m? iHjym&nfcsufrsm; pm;aumif;vSygw,f/ tJ'D

qkdif&JUxl;jcm;csufwpfckuawmh xrif;pm;NyD;wJhtcg tqmacs

ttDajyzdkY xef;vsufeJYomru vdar®mfvsufqm;ykvif;av;yg

csxm;ay;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ e,fNrdKUwpfNrdKUeJYtnD oefY&Sif;rI

vnf;&SdNyD; qufqHa&;uvnf; aEG;axG;azmfa&Gygw,f/

vdyfpm - ydkwifpm;aomufqkdifyd kwifpm;aomufqkdif

yd kwifpm;aomufqkdifyd kwifpm;aomufqkdifyd kwifpm;aomufqkdif

7-vrf;? A ? armfvNrdKifuRef;NrdKUe,f/

Romantic

qefqefpm;csifolrsm;twGufpm;aomufzG,f&mawG pHkpHkvifvifvnf;pm;csifw,f?

aps;EIef;vnf;oufomcsifw,f? Romantic qefqefvnf;pm;

csifw,fqdk&ifawmh tJ'gawGtm;vHk;eJY jynfhpHkwJh Romantic

pm;aomufqdkifudk nTefjy&rSmyg/ tJ'DqkdifrSm vlrsKd;? bmom

ra&G;pm;oHk;EkdifwJhtjyif xkdif;tpm;tpm? w½kwfpm? *syef?

udk&D;,m;pwJh tpm;tpmawG? Oa&mytpm;tpmawG? yifv,f

pmawGudk oifhwifhrQwwJhaps;EIef;ESifh pm;aomufEdkifygw,f/

cspfolpHkwGJawGtwGuf ESpfa,mufcsif;yJjzpfjzpf? oli,f

csif;awGeJYyJjzpfjzpf? rdom;pkvdkufjzpfjzpf wdwfqdwfpGmpm;

aomufvdkY&atmif oD;oefYcef;av;awG pDpOfay;xm;wmawGU

&ygw,f/ 0efaqmifcvnf;oD;oefYxyfay;p&mrvdkygbl;/

avn§if;cH&if;pm;csif&ifvnf;yJ at;jrwJha&uef&ifjyifay:rSm

wnfaqmufxm;wJhpm;yGJ0dkif;awGeJYpm;aomufEkdifrSmyg/ pm;

aomuf&if;eJY av;ql"mwfyHka&Twd*Hkbk&m;BuD;udkvnf; zl;ajrmf

EkdifwmrdkY vrf;nTefay;vdkuf&jcif;yg/

vdyfpm -

ROMANTIC

oD&deE´myef;NcH0if;? OD;axmifbdkt0dkif;teD;ESifh

A[ef; (3) vrf;rSwfwkdifteD;? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;? &efukef/

zkef;-722399


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

96


vkyfief;oabmt& EkdifiHjcm;om;{nfhonfudk {nfhcHzdkY

twGufyJjzpfjzpf? udk,fwkdifu EdkifiHwumtpm;tpmawGudk

BudKufESpfoufvdkY oGm;a&mufpm;oHk;zdkYtwGufyJjzpfjzpf toHk;

0ifapzdkY&nf&G,fNyD; EkdifiHwumtpm;tpmawG b,fae&mawG

rSm&Ekdifw,fqdkwm azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ wcsKdUqdkifawGrSm

½kd;&mtpm;tpmawG wpfrsKd;ru &Ekdifwmudkvnf; awGU&rSmyg/

EkdifiHwumtpm;tpmawGxJrSm w½kwftpm;tpmqkdif

awGuawmh qkdifta&twGufrsm;wm&,f? vlawmfawmfrsm;

rsm;vnf;odESifhMuNyD; qkdifwkdif;vdkvkd rSm,loHk;aqmifEkdifwmawG

&,faMumifh oD;oefYazmfjyay;rxm;wmyg/

Oa&mytpm;tpm� J-Bon

trSwf-153? vomvrf;? vomNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-250849

� J's Irrawaddy Dream

jruRef;om0if;twGif;? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;?

r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-564022

� Kipling's Restaurant

trSwf-129? Savoy [dkw,f? "r®apwDvrf;? urm&Gwf

NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-526289? 526298? 526305

� Gourmet Corner

trSwf-11(C)? yg&rDvrf;? rvdcvrf;axmifh?

r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-667449

� Eugenia

trSwf-47(A)? raemf[&Dtdrf&m? A[dkvrf;?

tvHkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� Salon Orient

trSwf-9(D)? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;? &efuif;NrdKUe,f?


� Zephyr

trSwf-28? pdrf;vef;pdkjynf0if;twGif;? tif;vsm;vrf;?

urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-502720?

09-8022178? 09-5148635

� Burger Busters

trSwf(114^B ) tif;vsm;vrf;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f?


� Million Coins

- wd&pämefO,smOf (&efukef) 0ifayguf (2) a&SU?

Akdvfrif;acgifvrf;? *sKd;jzLvrf;axmifh? r*FvmawmifnGefY

NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-723786? 246701

- Ouúvmvrf;? r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-721699

� Manis Restaurant

trSwf-1? tif;vsm;vrf;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-527506? 512569

� Signature

uefawmfBuD; Relaxation Zone ? uefawmfBuD;obm0

O,smOf? A[ef;vrf;? OD;axmifbdkt0kdif;teD;? A[ef;NrdKU

e,f? &efukef/ zkef;-546488? 543387? 546487

� Emporia Steak House

trSwf-40? Chatrium Hotel? ewfarmufvrf;?

wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-544500? 544400

� 50th Street Bar & Grill

trSwf-9^13? vrf;-50? AkdvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-298096? 298287

� Revo


zkef;-502382? 526783

� AD Garden

trSwf-9^11? yg&rDvrf;? jynfvrf;ESifh urÇmat;bk&m;

vrf;axmifh? r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-666396

xdkif;tpm;tpm� Bua Thai

trSwf-4? opömvrf;? &efuif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-566313? 09-5151058

� Mai Thai

trSwf-34? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;? qifa&wGif;vrf;

axmifh? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-541108

� Phai Lin Restaurant

- trSwf-69? 6 rkdifcGJ? jynfvrf;? vIdifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-525403? 526518

- trSwf-34? tvkyform;aq;½Hka&SU? usKduúqHvrf;?

wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-556992

� Sabai Sabai

trSwf-232? "r®apwDvrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-544724

EkdifiHwumtpm;tpmrsm;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

97


� Swe Thai

trSwf-34? wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;opf? A[ef;NrdKUe,f?


� Bangkok Kitchen Thai Restaurant

NrdKifrmvmuRef;? ewfarmufvrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-727446? 556901? 548844

�obm0obm0

obm0obm0obm0

- trSwf-25? ausmufa&wGif;vrf;? rvTukef;vrf;ESifh

NrdKUopf (1) vrf;axmifh? wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-544539

- wkduf-273? tcef; (4)? &efuif;vrf;? &efuif;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-556584 (vdkif;cGJ-223)

� Coca Suki

trSwf-350? Summit Parkview [dkw,f? tvHkvrf;?

'*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-229904? 229905

� Yinn Dee


zkef;-526526

� 7 Eleven

trSwf-y-4? y'kr®mvrf;? &Sifapmyk&yfuGuf? prf;acsmif;

NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-09-5161733

� Pattaya

trSwf-377? a&TbHkomvrf;? yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f?


�yef;pG,fawmfyef;pG,fawmf

yef;pG,fawmfyef;pG,fawmfyef;pG,fawmf

trSwf-228? tvHkvrf;? tvHkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-215363

tdEd,tpm;tpm� Asohaka

trSwf-28 (bD)? zkd;pdefvrf;? ewfarmuf&yfuGuf?

wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-555539? 536174

�cs,f&Dref;cs,f&Dref;

cs,f&Dref;cs,f&Dref;cs,f&Dref;

trSwf-40? vomvrf;? vomNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-374891

� Bharat

trSwf-356? r[mAEKvvrf;? qdyfurf;omvrf;axmifh?

ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-382253

� Shanti

tcef;-4? uefawmfBuD;0if;twGif;? uef&dyfomvrf;?

r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-707447?

292631 (vkdif;cGJ-16)? 292619 (vkdif;cGJ-16)

� Maharaja

wd&pämefO,smOf (&efukef) 0if;twGif;?

Adkvfrif;acgifvrf;? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f?


� Zaiha-bar

trSwf-277 (yxrxyf)? tm&SyvmZm[dkw,f? AkdvfcsKyf

atmifqef;vrf;? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-391070 (vdkif;cGJ-108)? 391071 (vkdif;cGJ-108)?

391376? 391403

�'dk YrdwfaqG'd k YrdwfaqG

'd k YrdwfaqG'd k YrdwfaqG'd k YrdwfaqG

- trSwf 11? rif;eE´mvrf;? EG,fat;&yfuGuf?

a'gyHkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-541726

- trSwf-232? Am;u&mvrf;? ajreDukef;?

prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-709559

- tcef;-001^002? '*Hkwm0g? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;?

a&T*Hkwdkifvrf;axmifh? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-544980? 09-5151252

� India Chitty Restaurant

trSwf-81? jrefrmh*kPf&nfvrf;?

r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-394076

� Kaw Kaw

trSwf-275? txufbavmuf? AdkvfqGefyufvrf;?

yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-09-8024529

�vufcsfrD;vufcsfrD;

vufcsfrD;vufcsfrD;vufcsfrD;

trSwf-81? ewfpifvrf;? MunfhjrifwkdifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-502039

tDwvDtpm;tpm� Cafe' Dibar

trSwf-14^20? oHvGifvrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-09-5006143

� Orzo

qD'dk;em;[dkw,f? trSwf-1? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;?

&efuif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

� Rossini Restaurant

trSwf-129? Savoy Hotel ? "r®apwDvrf;? urm&Gwf

NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-526389? 526298? 526305

� L'Opera (1)

trSwf-62 ('D)? OD;xGef;Nidrf;vrf;? r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f?


� L'O pera (2)

trSwf-8? Marina Residence? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;?

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

98


r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-650651 (vkdif;cGJ-7)

*syeftpm;tpm� Benkay Restaurant

trSwf-40? Chatrium [dkw,f? ewfarmufvrf;?

wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-544500 (vkdif;cGJ-6231)

� Han IL Kwan

trSwf-33? 6 rkdifcGJ? jynfvrf;? vIdifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-534986? 531842? 09-5171892

� Howdy's

trSwf-35 (bD)? wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;opf?

A[ef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-556780? 252730

� Samurai Sushi


zkef;-09-5132423

� Tenri

trSwf-62? A-2? a,mrif;BuD;vrf;? '*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-374867

� Shiki-Tei

trSwf-33? 'kwd,xyf? Parkroyal Hotel? tvHjybk&m;

vrf;? '*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-250388 (vdkif;cGJ-8119)

� Fuji

trSwf-116? wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f?


� Yakiniku

trSwf-357? a&TbHkomvrf;? yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f?


� Nagasaik Tei

trSwf-50 (A)? 6 rkdifcGJ? jynfvrf;? vIdifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-538668? 09-5133506

� Tategoto

trSwf-223? ajrnDxyf? Traders Hotel?

ql;avbk&m;vrf;? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-242828 (vkdif;cGJ-6448? 6450)

� Tokyo Bar

trSwf-327? 'kwd,xyf? The Grand Mee Ya Hta (Ex

ecutive Residence) ? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;? yef;bJ

wef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-385101? 256355? 256356

udk&D;,m;tpm;tpm� Arirang

trSwf-19? jynfvrf;? r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-660817

� Hanaro

trSwf-(4-B)? yg&rDvrf;? r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-660895? 09-5145804

� Swan Swan

trSwf-24? A[dkvrf;? tvHkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-221497? 09-5006500

� Koo's

trSwf-(3-B)? rdk;aumif;vrf;? &efuif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-562422

� Korean

trSwf-24 (bD)? 7 rkdif? jynfvrf;? r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f?

&efukef? zkef;-662757

� Moon Bakery (3)

trSwf-2 (at)? 6-rkdifcGJ? jynfvrf;?

uefvrf;axmifh? vIdifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-536375

jyifopftpm;tpm� Gourment Palace

trSwf-116 (bD)? tif;vsm;vrf;? urm&GwfNrdKUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-534980? 537147

� Zaw Gyi House

trSwf-372? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;?

yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-256355 (vdkif;cGJ-3027)? 380398

� Le Planteur

trSwf-(2-B)? urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f?


� Mandalay

trSwf-35? The Governor's Residence? awmf0ifvrf;?

'*HkNrdKUe,f? &efukef/ zkef;-229860

tif'dkeD;&Sm;tpm;tpm� Manis Restaurant


zkef;-527506

uarÇm'D;,m;tpm;tpm� Moonsoon

trSwf-85^87? odrfjzLvrf;? AkdvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f?

&efukef/ zkef;-295224? 705063? 09-5015653

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

99


tm&SzHGY NzdK;a&;bPf*syefynmoifqkavQmufxm;csdefwef

Knowledge is Power qkdouJhokdY

yif owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd tvG,f

wul&&Sdaeolrsm;tzkdY owif;tcsuf

tvufukd tcsdefESifhwpfajy;nD jynfh

jynfhpkHpkHr&&SdEkdifolrsm;xufpmvQif ynm

oifqkavQmufxm;&mwGif tcGifhta&;

rsm;pGm ykdí&&Sdaeonfukd awGU&ygonf/

tifwmeuf Search Engine ESifh aumif;

pGm&if;ESD;aeonfhtjyif tifwmeufukd

tcsdefra&G;okH;Ekdifolrsm;taejzifh ynm

oifqkESifhywfoufaom owif;tcsuf

tvufrsm;ukd vG,fvG,fulul&&Sdaecsdef

wGif t&nftcsif;&S daomfvnf; t

aMumif;aMumif;aMumifh ynmoifqk

owif;rsm;ESifh tvSrf;a0;aeolrsm;t

wGuf Living Color u ynmoifqkt

rsKd;rsKd;ESifhywfoufaom tcsuftvuf

rsm;ukd vpOf azmfjyay;vsuf&Sdygonf/

,ckwpfvwGif tm&SzHGUNzdK;a&;bPf

*syefynmoifqkukd rdwfqufazmfjy

vkduf&ygonf/

*syeftpkd;&\ aiGaMu;taxmuf

tyHhjzifh 1988 ckESpfwGif pwifwnf

axmifcJhaom ADB-JSP ynmoifqk

onf tm&SwpfcGif&Sd zHGUNzdK;rIjrifhrm;aom

EkdifiHrsm;rS EkdifiHom;rsm;ukd csefvSyfí zHGU

NzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;rS t&nftcsif;jynfhrDonfh

EkdifiHom;rsm;ukdom pD;yGm;a&;bmom&yf

rsm;? pDrHcefYcJGrIbmom&yfrsm;? odyÜHESifh

enf;ynmqkdif&m bmom&yfrsm;ESifh zHGU

NzdK;a&;qkdif&mbmom&yfrsm;ukd oif,l

&efay;tyfaeaom ynmoifqktrsKd;

tpm;jzpfygonf/ ynmoifqk&&Sdol

rsm;onf oufqkdif&mwuúokdvfwGif

oif,lrINyD;ajrmufygu rdrdwkdY\EkdifiH

rsm;okdY jyefvmí Zmwdajr\ pD;yGm;a&;?

vlrIa&;zHGUNzdK;atmif aqmif&Guf&ef ADB-

JSP ynmoifqkay;olr sm;u

&nf&G,fcsuf xm;&Sdygonf/

ADB-JSP ynmoifqk&&Sdolrsm;

taejzifh rdrdwkdY0ifcGifh&&SdoGm;aom wuú

okdvfukd ay;oGif;&rnfh ausmif;vc? v

pOfaep&dwf? pm;p&dwf? tjcm;pmtkyf

pmwrf;vkdtyfcsufrsm; 0,f,l&efp&dwf?

ynmoifaepOfumvtwGuf usef;rm

a&;tmrcHESifh c&D;oGm;vm&onfhtcg

c&D;p&dwfrsm;ukd cHpm;cGifh&Sdrnfjzpfonf/

ADB-JSP ynmoifqkukd jrefrmEkdifiH

om; tawmfrsm;rsm;&&SdcJhzl;NyD; vuf&Sd

wGifvnf; ADB \ taxmuftyHhjzifh

ynmoif,laeolrsm; tm&Swuúokdvf

tawmfrsm;rsm;wGif &Sdygonf/ ADB \

taxmuftyHhjzifh wufa&mufcGifhjyKxm;

aom wuúokdvfrsm;pm&if;ukd oD;jcm;

azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ynmoifqk &&Sdol

rsm;taejzifh txufawGazmfjycJhaom

tajccHvkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd cHpm;cGifh&Sdrnfh

tjyif rdrd\ bmom&yfqkdif&mokaw

oersm;jyKvkyf&ef vkdtyfonfhtcg

txl;okawoe axmufyHhaMu;ukdyg

cHpm;cGifh&Sdrnf jzpfygonf/ xkdYjyif tcsKdU

aombmom&yfrsm;? wuúokdvfrsm;okdY

wufa&muf&aomtcg rdrdwkdY\ yifr

bmom&yfrsm;ukd roif,l&rDumvwGif

tBudKjyifqifrItjzpf oif,l&aom uGef

ysLwmuRrf;usifrI? bmompum;uRrf;

usifrItygt0if tjcm;tvm;wl oif

wef;tcsKdUtwGif; ukefusaomp&dwf

rsm;ukdvnf; ADB u axmufyHhay;yg

onf/

ADB onf r[m0dZÆmbJGUrsm;ESifh

yg&*lbJGUtwGuf trsm;qkH; 2 ESpfcefY

ynmoifqkaxmufyHhay;onf/ pmoif

ESpf yxrwpfESpfNyD;csdefwGif oufqkdif&m

wuúokdvf\ owfrSwft&nftcsif;

jynfhrDpGm atmifjrifrSomvQif aemuf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

100


jynfy ynmoifoGm;r,fUolawGynma&;uif;&Sif;aMumif;axmufcHcsuf,lr,fqkd&if

jynfyEkdifiHawGrSm ynmoifMum;zkdYoGm;a&mufr,fholawGtwGuf rjzpf

raeaqmif&Guf&wJh ynma&;uif;&Sif;aMumif;axmufcHcsuf&,l&if vkdtyfwm

awGeJY oGm;&r,fhae&mukd vrf;nTefay;vkdufygw,f/ 'DaxmufcHcsuf&,lvkdwJh

olawG[m EkdifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym;rdwåL? ywfpfykdY"mwfykH? bGJUvufrSwf

rdwåLeJY &efukefNrKdU urm&GwfNrdKUe,f oxkHvrf;rSm&SdwJh tqifhjrifhynmOD;pD;Xme

(atmufjrefrmjynf) ukdoGm;NyD; avQmufvTmwif&rSmyg/ NyD;&if bPfrSm

avsmfaMu;aiGoGif;zkdYtwGuf ykHpHpm&Gufukd&,lNyD; jrefrmh pD;yGm;a&;bPf (3)

rSm owfrSwfEIef;twkdif; aiGay;oGif;&r,fvkdY qkdygw,f/ 'gayrJh &&Sdxm;wJhbGJU

eJYoGm;a&mufr,fhEkdifiHtay:rlwnfNyD; aiGoGif;&wJhyrmP uGmjcm;ygw,f/

tedrfhqkH;yrmP usyfwpfaomif;cefY ay;oGif;&ygw,f/ &vmwJh aiGoGif;

csvefukd tqifhjrifhynmOD;pD;Xme (atmufjrefrmjynf) ukd jyefykdYNyD; ESpf&uf

avmufae&ifawmh jynfyEkdifiHawGrSm ukd,fhtpDtpOfeJYukd,fynmoifzkdY oGm;

Mur,fholawGtwGuf rjzpfraevkdtyfwJh ynma&;uif;&Sif;aMumif;axmufcH

csufukd &&SdrSmyg/

wpfESpftwGuf qufvufaxmufyHhjcif;

jzpfaMumif; oabmayguf&ygrnf/

ADB ukd avQmufxm;&eftwGuf

atmufygowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh jynfhrD&

ygrnf/

1/ avQmufxm;olonf tm&SzHGUNzdK;a&;

bPfrS aiGacs;aeqJEkdifiH\ EkdifiHom;jzpf

&ygrnf/ qufvufaiGacs;,l&efrvdk

tyfawmhonfh w½kwf? xkdif0rf? *syef...

tp&Sdonfh Ek difiHom;rsm; þynm

oifqkukd avQmufxm;&ef tusKH;r0if

yg/

2/ oufqkdif&mwuúokdvfrsm;\ cGifhjyK

csufukd &&SdrSomvQif ADB ynmoifqk

ukd cHpm;cGifh&Sdygrnf/

3/ wuúokdvfynma&;wGif &&SdcJhonfh

½kd;½kd;bJGUrsm;wGif t&nftcsif;jrifhrm;pGm

atmifjrifcJholjzpf&ygrnf/

4/ vkyfief;cGifwpfckckü vkyfouftjynfh

2 ESpf&SdNyD;oljzpf&ygrnf/

5/ ynmoif,l&eftwGuf vkdtyfaom

ta&;? tzwf? tajym tp&Sdaom t*F

vdyfpmt&nftcsif;jynfhrD&ygrnf/ þ

tcsufrSm oufqkdif&mwuúokdvfrsm;u

owfrSwfxm;aom t*Fvdyfpmvkdtyf

csufay:wGif rlwnfygonf/

6/ avQmufxm;onfhtcsdefwGif touf

35 ESpfatmuf jzpf&ygrnf/

7/ usef;rma&;aumif;oljzpf&rnf/

8/ ynmoif,lrINyD;qkH;csdefwGif rdrdEkdifiH

okdU rjzpfraejyefí wm0efxrf;aqmif

&ygrnf/

9/ ADB u ynmoif,lcGifhay;xm;

aom tm&S? MopaMw;vswpfcGifrS wuú

okdvfBuD;rsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifae

aom0efxrf;rsm; avQmufxm;cGifhr&Sdyg/

10/ ADB wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifae

aom tBuD;wef;? ti,fwef; 0efxrf;

tm;vkH;ESifh ¤if;wkdY\ aqGrsKd;om;csif;

rsm; avQmufxm;cGifhr&Sdyg/

11/ ADB r[kwfonfh tjcm;EkdifiHwum

tzJGUtpnf;rsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmif

aeaom tBuD;wef;0efxrf;tm;vkH;

avQmufxm;cGifhr&Sdyg/

12/ jrefrmEkdifiH\ jyifywGifaexkdifaom

jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm; avQmufxm;cGifh

r&Sdyg/

13/ ADB onf r[m0dZÆmbJGUESifh yg&*l

bJGU tp&Sdonfh bJGUvGefwef;rsm;rSty

tjcm;bJGUBudKwef;rsm;? ta0;oifynm

a&;tpDtpOfrsm;? umvwkdoifwef;rsm;?

uGefz&ifhrsm;? ynm&yfqkdif&maqG;aEG;yJG

rsm;? pmwrf;a&;om;rIrsm;ESifh okaw

oersm;twGuf aiGaMu;axmufyhHjcif;

r&Sdyg/

ADB onf vuf&SdwGif EkdifiHw

umwuúokdvfBuD; 20 wGif ynmoif,l

olzH GUNzdK;qJtm&SEk difiHom;rsm;ukd t

axmuftyHhay;vsuf&SdNyD; avQmufxm;

olrsm;twGuf ynmoifqkay;oifh? r

ay;oifhukd atmufygtpDtpOftwkdif;

tqkdygwuúokdvfBuD;rsm;ESifh nd§EIdif;

aqmif&Gufygonf/ avQmufxm;ol

onf oufqkdif&m wuúokdvfrsm;wGif

ADB taejzifh ynmoifqkay;aeaom

bmom&yfrsm;pm&if;wGif rdrdoif,lvkd

aombmom&yf tusKH;0if? r0if ppf

aq;Munfh&ygrnf/ rdrdavQmufxm;vkd

aom bmom&yfonf ADB u cGifhjyK

xm;aom bmom&yfrsm;wGif yg0ifaeyg

u ausmif;avQmufvTmukd tqkdygwuú

okdvf\ Website wGif Download vkyf

jcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m

wm0ef&Sdolrsm;xHrS awmif;,ljcif;jzifh

vnf;aumif; &&SdEkdifygonf/ tqkdyg

wuúokdvfuawmif;qkdxm;aom pm

&Gufpmwrf;tm;vkH;ukd jznfhqnf;í

wuúokdvfokdY E-mail jzifhaomfvnf;

aumif;? pmwkdufrSaomfvnf;aumif;

jyefvnfay;ykdY&ygrnf/ xkdokdY avQmuf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

101


vTmrsm;ukd a&;jznfhpOf ADB rS ynm

oifqktaxmuftyHhukd avQmufxm;vkd

aMumif; azmfjy&ygrnf/ okdYaomf tqkd

ygavQmufvTmrsm;ukd ADB okdYwpfpkH oD;

oefYay;ykdYavQmufxm;&ef rvkdtyfyg/

wuúokdvfrsm;onf avQmufvTm

rsm;ukd ¤if;wkdYowfrSwfxm;aom t&nf

tcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhrDolrsm;ukd a&G;cs,fí

¤if;wkdYteuf ADB \ ynmoifqk

avQmufxm;olrsm;pm&if;ukd ADB okdY

taMumif;Mum;ay;ygrnf/ xkdtcg

ADB u ¤if;wkdY ynmoifqkay;tyf

vkdolrsm;ukd xyfrHí qefcgwifppfaq;

ygonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifh ynmoifqk

avQmufxm;Mu&mwGif oufqkdif&m

wuúokdvfrsm;\ pdppfa&G;cs,frIxuf

aiGaMu;taxmuftyHhay;rnfh tzJGUt

pnf;rsm;\ pdppfa&G;cs,frIu ykdí wif;

usyfavh&Sdygonf/ okdYaomf avQmuf

xm;Muoltrsm;pkrSm ausmif;0ifcGifhukd

ykdí pkd;&drfavh&SdMuNyD; aiGaMu;taxmuf

tyHh&? r&rSm ausmif;tay:wGifom rl

wnfonf[k txifa&mufavh&S dyg

onf/ trSefrSm trsm;tm;jzifh wuú

okdvfrsm;\ qkH;jzwfcsufxuf aiGaMu;

taxmuftyHhay;rnfholrsm;\ qkH;jzwf

csufuykdí tc&musygonf/

ADB taejzifh ynmoifqkcHpm;

cGifh&Sdolrsm;ukd a&G;cs,f&mwGif atmufyg

tcsufrsm;ukd t"duxm;pOf;pm;yg

onf/

1/ avQmufxm;ol\ ynmt&nf

taoG;/

2/ avQmufxm;onfhwuúokdvf

u ay;vkdufaomrSwfcsuf/

3/ vkyfouf2 ESpf&Sd r&Sd? r&SdvQif

ra&G;yg/

4/ trsKd;orD;avQmufxm;olukd

OD;pm;ay;&ef/

5/ ,cifu jynfywGif ynmoif

,lcGifh&&SdcJhzl;ol[kwf? r[kwf? [kwfvQif

ra&G;yg/

6/ aiGaMu;taxmuftyHhykdí vkd

tyfol[kwf? r[kwf/

7/ 'kwd,wpfBudrf r[m0dZÆmbJGU

&,l&ef okdYr[kwf 'kwd,wpfBudrf yg&

*lbJGU&,l&ef BudK;yrf;olrsm;ukd ray;&ef/

8/ ADB taejzifh ynmoifqk

ay;&mwGif Program wpfckwGif EkdifiH pkH

pkHvifvifyg0ifap&ef/

ykHrSeftm;jzifh ADB ynmoifqkukd

avQmufxm;olonf tenf;qkH;ouf

qkdif&mwuúokdvf\ ynmoifESpfpxuf

ajcmufvcGmí avQmufxm;&ygrnf/

wuúokdvftoD;oD;twGuf avQmufvTm

wif&rnf htcs de frsm;uk d Z,m;wGif

tao;pdwfMunfh½IEkdifygonf/

avQmufxm;olrsm;taejzi f h

ynmoifESpfwpfcktwGuf wuúokdvf

wpfcku avQmufxm;&ef ADB u

tm&SzGHY NzdK;a&;bPf ynmoifqkavQmufxm;Ekdifr,fUwdkusKdwuúodkvf Website

tm&SzG H U Nzd K;a&;

bPfu jrefrmausmif;

om;awGudk ynmoif

qkay;aewJh wuúodkvf

BuD; 20 t eufu wdk

usKdwuúodkvf&JU Web-

site udka&G;cs,fazmfjy

vdkuf&ygw,f/ trsm;

tm;jzifh jrefrmEkdifiH&JU

vdktyfcsuftajctae

udkvkdufNyD; ynmoifqk

ay;aewJh tzGJUtpnf;tawmfrsm;rsm;[m vlrIa&;odyHÜbmom&yfawGudk avmavm

q,fOD;pm;ay;axmufyHhaeayr,fh ADB ynmoifqkawGuawmh odyHÜbmom&yf

awGa&m? 0dZÆmbmom&yfawGudk tajcjyKwJh vlrIa&;odyHÜbmom&yfawGudka&m rQw

atmifay;wmudk awGU&ygw,f/ wdkusKdwuúodkvf&JU NrdKUjytif*sifeD,mXme[m jrefrm

ausmif;om;awGavQmufxm;EkdifwJh enf;ynmwuúodkvfawGxJuwpfckyg/ 'Dynm

oifqktwGufavQmufxm;vdkolrsm;taeeJY yHkrSef ESpfpOf'DZifbmvtrD avQmuf

xm;&rSmjzpfNyD; avQmufvTmrsm;udk http//www.civil.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/FSO/faq.html

rSm &,lEkdifygw,f/

avQmufxm;olrsm;[m Website rSm azmfjyawmif;qdkxm;wJh t*Fvdyfpm vdk

tyfcsuf? ,cifbGJUvufrSwftaxmuftxm; tp&SdwJhpm&Gufpmwrf;awGudk aocsm

pGmpdppfNyD; ESpfpOf 'DZifbmv 24 &ufaeYrwkdifcif ay;ydkYavQmufxm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/

aemufuswJhavQmufvTmudk vufcHpOf;pm;rSmr[kwfbl;vdkY wuúodkvf&JU jynfyausmif;

om;Xmeu qkdygw,f/ NyD;awmh vdktyfwJh pm&Gufpmwrf;avQmufvTmawGudk Online

uydkYvdkY r&ygbl;/ pmwkdufeJYay;ydkY&ifvnf; Xmeuawmif;qdkxm;wJh pm&Gufpmwrf;

wpfckpD&JUtay:rSm wHqdyfacgif;wpfckpDuyfNyD;rS ay;ydkY&ygr,f/ ausmif;0ifcGifh&?

r&udk ESpfpOf azazmf0g&DvrSm aMunmavh&Sdygw,f/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

102


w&m;0ifcGifhjyKxm;ygonf/ tu,fí

wuúokdvfwpfckcku cGifhjyKí ADB u

ynmoifqkay;vk dufygu tqkdyg

avQmufxm;ol\ cHpm;cGifhrSm ¤if;tm;

rSDckdolrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifzufrsm; ac:,l

&eftwGuf tusKH;r0ifyg/ xkH;pHtm;jzifh

ADB ynmoifqkwpfBudrf&&SdNyD;xm;ol

onf aemufwpfBudrf xyfrHavQmufxm;

cGifhr&Sdyg/ avQmufxm;ykHtqifhqifhukd

www.adb.org/JSP/Procedures.asp

wGif Download &,lEkdifygonf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

103


'Dwpfvawmh Living Color pmzwfolawGtwGuf vdkuf

vkyfMunfh&rSmvJ vG,fulNyD; wu,fvnf;toHk;0ifwJh Tips

wpfck azmfjyay;vkdufygw,f/ uGefysLwmeJYtNrJrjywfxdawGU

ae&wJholawG ESpfNcdKufMurSmyg/

reufjzefreufydkY&r,fh ta&;BuD;pmwpfapmifudk nBuD;

oef;acgif uGefysLwmeJY½kdufaewkef; Keyboard ½kwfw&uf

tvkyfrvkyfawmh&if b,fvkdvkyfMurvJ/ Keyboard ajy;0,f

zdkYuvnf;rvG,f/ 'grSr[kwf pm½kdufwmodyfr uRrf;usifao;wJh

olawG pm½dkufwJhtcg Keyboard udk iHkYMunfhvdkuf armfeDwmudk

jyefarmhMunfhvdkufeJY tvkyf½Iyfae&vdkY rl;vm&ifa&m b,fvdk

vkyfrvJ/ pm½kdufwmudk&yfxm;Mu&rSmvm;/ pdwfr½IyfygeJY/ vG,f

vG,fav;yg/ Windows pepfxJrSm wpfygwnf;ygvmNyD;om;

Virtual Keyboard jzpfwJh On-screen Keyboard eJY ½kdufMunfh

yg/ tJ'DtwGuf vHk;0 aemufxyfaiGukefaMu;usvnf; r&Sdygbl;/

vdktyfwJhypönf;awGuawmh Hang raeao;wJh uGefysLwmeJY

Keyboard vdkrysufbJ taumif;wkdif;usefaeao;wJh Mouse ygyJ/

'DtqifhawGtwkdif; vdkufvkyfMunfhyg/ wu,fhudkvG,fygw,f/

1/ Start xJu Run xJrSm osk vdkY ½kdufxnfhvdkufNyD; Enter

acgufyg/ On-screen Keyboard ay:vmygvdrfhr,f/

(osk vdkY½kdufxnfhzdkY rrSwfrdolawGu 'DvdkvkyfMunfhyg/ Start

xJu All Programs xJu Accessories xJu Accessibility

xJu On-Screen Keyboard udka&G;yg/ ckeutwkdif;yJ On-

Screen Keyboard ay:vmvdrfhr,f)

2/ 'gqdk&if oifBudKuf&mae&mawGrSm wu,fh Keyboard

twkdif; ½kdufvdkY&ygNyD/

3/ ½kdufwJhtcg udk,f½dkufcsifwJh Key wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf

Mouse udk wpfcsufcsif;ESdyfNyD; ½kdufwmeJY Key wpfckcsif;pDay:

udk Mouse ukd cPwifxm;NyD; ½kdufwmqdkNyD; ESpfck&Sdygw,f/

wpfckcsif;pD Click ESdyfNyD; ½kduf&wm ydkvG,fr,fxifygw,f/

tckqkd&if Word xJrSm½kdufrvm;/ Folder Name awG

File Name awG topfay;rvm;/ 'grSr[kwf Chat Room

xJrSmvm;/ G-Talk xJrSmvm;/ tm;vHk;udk wu,fh Key-

board twkdif; ½kdufEdkifygNyD/ 'ghtjyif cgwdkif;vdk Keyboard

&JU Short Cut Key awGjzpfwJ h Ctrl+C wdk Y Ctrl+V

wdkYawGvnf; oHk;vdkY&ygw,f/ wu,fh Keyboard twkdif;ygyJ/

Tips

- On-Screen Keyboard jzpfwJhtwGuf Keyboard u oifzGifhorQ

Application awG&JUtay:rSm tNrJwrf;ay:aerSm jzpfygw,f/ pm½kduf&if;

rjrif&&if Keyboard udk [dka&TU'Da&TUvnf; vkyfvdkY&yg ao;w,f/

Application wpfckeJYwpfcktajymif; aysmufoGm; &if Click

wpfcsufjyefESdyfay;wmeJY jyefay:vmygvdrfhr,f/

- Professional Typist awGvdk pmawGtrsm;BuD;½kduf&r,fhol

awGuawmh 'D On-Screen Keyboard udk tm;udk;vdkYrvG,favmuf

ygbl;/ wu,fh Keyboard tppfomajy;0,fvdkufygawmh/

Keyboard ta&;wBuD;vdkaewJholawGeJY? Keyboard oGm;0,f

zdkY tysif;xlaeao;wJholawGtwGuf toHk;0ifygvdrfhr,f/

Keyboard r&SdbJ uGefysLwmrSm b,fvdkpm½kdufrvJ

qHyifn§yf? aumuf? ajzmifU tcrJUynm'geoifwef;trsKd;orD;rsm; toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yftjzpf ukd,fhb0ukd,fhbmom&yfwnfEkdifr,fh ynm&yfwpfckyg/ qHyifn§yf

jcif;? aumufjcif;? ajzmifhjcif; pwJh ynm&yfaygif; 60 ausmfukd okH;vjywf 'grSr[kwf ajcmufvjywf tcrJh ynm'getjzpf

Koo's Korea Cosmetic u Ms. Koo Hee &JU ukd&D;,m;enf;pepftwkdif; oifMum;ay;r,fvkdY qkdygw,f/ 'ghtjyif e,fuae

vma&mufoif,lr,fholawGtwGuf aea&;? pm;a&;yg pDpOfay;OD;rSmyg/ 'Dvkd Professional wpfa,mufvkd toufarG;0rf;ausmif;

ynm&yfukd tcrJhynm'geynmay;rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf aoaocsmcsmpkHprf;zkdYawmh vkdygr,f/

Lady Light Beauty Saloon & Fancy Shop - wkduf (9)? tcef;-001? atmifcsrf;omtdrf&m?

ta&SUa&T*kHwkdifvrf;^&yfuGuf? A[ef;NrKdUe,f? (wmarGt0kdif;rSwfwkdifteD;) ? zkef;-01-554100? 554122? vkdif;cGJ-325

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

104


2008 ckESpf ZGef? ZlvkdifESifU Mo*kwfvtwGif; xGuf&Sdaompmtkyfrsm;

1/ trsKd;om;a&m*godaumif;p&m q&mjrifh 1000 1500 &efatmif 2008? Mo*kwf usef;rma&;

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf -4003880308 (pMumrif;) (w-Budrf)

2/ w½kwfynm&SifBuD;rdef&Syf oufvkH 500 600 pdwful;csKdcsKd 2008? Mo*kwf tw¬KyÜwåd

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 4014221270 ('k-Budrf)

3/ usD;aygif;wufa&m*gESifh tyfpkduf a'gufwm 500 1000 pdwful;csKdcsKd 2008? Mo*kwf aq;ynm

ukynm atmifjrwfoGif (y-Budrf)

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 4000840108

4/ emrnfwpfvkH;&rvmcifwkef;u azjrifh 1000 1500 azjrifhpmay 2008? ZGef atmifjrifa&;

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 4003370308 (y-Budrf)

5/ *sif*smrkefY½kyfuav; wuúokdvf 500 1500 rkHa&G; 2008? ZGef uav;pmay

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 5100080208 a&T&D0if; (y-Budrf)

6/ pdwfzdpD;rIukd ajzazsmufenf; opfvkyfief; 1000 1000 uhHaumfNrdKif 2008? ZGef usef;rma&;

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 4005560508 a&Tabmf (y-Budrf)

7/ ork'fyifv,fjymEIdif;yrm eE´modef;ZH 1000 1500 vdIif;opf 2008? Zlvkdif 'óepmpkrsm;

pmrlcGif h jyKcsuftrSwf-4002430308 (y-Budrf)

8/ qkH;ruGyfaumif;ruGyfaumif;...[k ae0if;jrifh 500 1200 "l0H 2008? Zlvdkif rdom;pkq,fausmf

pmrlcGif hjyKcsuftrSwf -4014211207 (y-Budrf)

ouf jyóem

9/ tarSmifukdvGefajrmufaomf taxmuf 500 2000 uHhaumf0wf&nf 2008? Zlvkdif bmomjyef

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf -5011880907 awmfvSatmif ('k-Budrf)

10/ "m;pmcH wuúokdvfae0if; 500 2500 ausmfarT; 2008 ? Zlvdkif bmomjyef

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-5000590508 ('k-Budrf)

11/oHa,mZOfurf;ajc wifarmifjrifh 1000 3000 yk*H 2008? Mo*kwf bmomjyef

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf -5010560907 ('k-Budrf)

12/ &mZ0ifxJrSm ykPÖm; a'gufwm'*kef 500 5000 aZmwdu 2008? ZGef -

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-3100810610 (y-Budrf)

13/ rdom;pkoabmwlpDrHrI OD;ausmfaZ,s 500 1000 r,feJYarmif 2008? ZGef Oya'


14/okdYzwfokdYrSwf armifbaemuf 500 2000 'DvIdif; 2008? Zlvdkif aqmif;yg;


15/ ay;a0jcif;ESihf wpfom;wnf;jzpf cifapmwifh 500 1300 uHhaumf 2008? Zlvkdif &opmpk

ygap pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf- 4002410208 0wf&nf (y-Budrf)

16/ Avmrdk;aumif;uif&JUtpGef;wpfzufrSm rkd;ouf[ef 500 1500 a&T&nf 2008? (Mo*kwf) bmomjyef

pmrlcGif h jyKcsuftrSwf-4002550308 jrifhjrwf (y-Budrf)

pOfpOf

pOfpOfpOf

pmtkyftrnf pmtkyftrnf

pmtkyftrnf pmtkyftrnf pmtkyftrnf

pma&;olpma&;ol

pma&;olpma&;olpma&;ol

tkyfa&tkyfa&

tkyfa&tkyfa&tkyfa&

wefzdk;wefzdk;

wefzdk;wefzdk;wefzdk;

xkwfa0wkdufxkwfa0wkduf

xkwfa0wkdufxkwfa0wkdufxkwfa0wkduf

xkwfa0ESpfxkwfa0ESpf

xkwfa0ESpfxkwfa0ESpfxkwfa0ESpf

pmtkyfpmtkyf

pmtkyfpmtkyfpmtkyf

(usyf)(usyf)

(usyf)(usyf)(usyf)

trsKd;tpm;trsKd;tpm;

trsKd;tpm;trsKd;tpm;trsKd;tpm;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

105


17/ ukdif; ajymvkdufprf;r,f cifrsKd;cspf 500 2000 &wemykH 2008? ZGef aqmif;yg;

aomif;ajymif;axGvm (w-Budrf) aygif;csKyf

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-4000360601

18/ jrefrmtrsKd;orD; apmrkHn§if; 500 4000 pdwful;csKdcsKd 2008? Mo*kwf jrefrmtrsKd;orD;

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-4004630408 (w-Budrf) acgif;aqmifrsm;

19/ jrefrm0w¬Kwkd(2006) pma&;q&mrsm; 500 2300 pdwful;csKdcsKd 2008? Mo*kwf 0w¬Kwdkpkpnf;rI


20/ pma&;olpdwfBudKuf pma&;q&mrsm; 500 1000 ae&D&D 2008? Zlvkdif aqmif;yg;

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-4005920508 (y-Budrf) aygif;csKyf

21/ ysKdazmf0ifpt&G,fa,musfmav;? a'gufwm 1000 1500 yk*H 2008? Zlvkdif usef;rma&;

rdef;uav;odrSwfp&m atmifcifqifh (y-Budrf) ynmay;


22/ 'gpkd;&drfp&mvm; uav;txl;uk 1000 2000 &wemwkduf 2008? Zlvkdif usef;rma&;

pmrlcGif h jyKcsuftrSwf-4004470408 q&m0efBuD; (y-Budrf) ynmay;

a'gufwm&Jjrif hausmf

23/ trftkdif-5 &Jjrifhodef; 500 2000 zkd;vrif; 2008? Zlvkdif bmomjyef


24/ umrl;rdwfquf *sLeD,m0if; 500 1700 rkHa&G; 2008? ZGef tw¬KyÜwåd


25/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\trdGKifokdY okawoD 1000 2200 pkd; 2008? Zlvkdif tw¬KyÜwåd

vQKdU0Sufc&D; jrifhxGef; (w-Budrf)


26/ aA'gESifharmifhrrNidrf; atmifvif; - 2500 &efatmifpmay-2 2008? ZGef 0w¬K

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-5006740607 (w-Budrf)

27/ aumif;wkHatmifyJG aumif;xuf 500 1200 ausmfpGm 2008? Zlvkdif ordkif;0w¬K


28/ aysmf&Tifjcif;&JU yJhwifoHrsm; cifapmwifh 500 1500 rkHa&G; 2008? ZGef aqmif;yg;

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-4014181207 (y-Budrf) aygif;csKyf

29/ a&S;a[mif;qDaq;yef;csDum;rsm; bwifh 1000 - xufa0,H 2008? Zlvkdif yef;csD

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf-401391207 ("mwktEkynm) ('k-Budrf)

30/ trSwfw&pmpkrsm; qvdkif;a&Tvif; 500 - ok'EÅ 2008? pufwifbm &opmpk

pmrlcGif hjyKcsuftrSwf-4007080608 (y-Budrf)

31/ t&dyfonftaumifr[kwfyg armifuHxl; 1000 1200 uHhaumfNrdKif 2008? (ZGef) bmoma&;

pmrlcGif hjyKcsuftrSwf-3207480608 ('k-Budrf)

pOfpOf

pOfpOfpOf

pmtkyftrnf pmtkyftrnf

pmtkyftrnf pmtkyftrnf pmtkyftrnf

pma&;olpma&;ol

pma&;olpma&;olpma&;ol

tkyfa&tkyfa&

tkyfa&tkyfa&tkyfa&

wefzdk;wefzdk;

wefzdk;wefzdk;wefzdk;

xkwfa0wkdufxkwfa0wkduf

xkwfa0wkdufxkwfa0wkdufxkwfa0wkduf

xkwfa0ESpfxkwfa0ESpf

xkwfa0ESpfxkwfa0ESpfxkwfa0ESpf

pmtkyfpmtkyf

pmtkyfpmtkyfpmtkyf

(usyf)(usyf)

(usyf)(usyf)(usyf)



www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

106


owif;#Dumarmif0Hoarmif0Ho

armif0Hoarmif0Hoarmif0Ho

]owif;avmuBuD;&JU tem*wf

ajzmifhjzL;a&;[m owif;orm;rsm;?

owif;vkyfief;ydkif&Sifrsm;eJY y&dowfrsm;

wnf;[laom oHk;yGifhqkdifay:rSm vHk;0

wnfaew,f/ owif;pmzwfy&dowf

rsm;eJY wDADMunfhy&dowfrsm;u odcsif

wm (Want to Know) awGaemufcsnf;

rvdkufMuawmhbJ odtyfwm (Need to

Know) awGud kwd k ;ívufcH Mu&if

aumif;rGefaomowif;pmynm (Good

Journalism) <uif;usef&SifoefaeEkdif

vdrfhr,f/ odkYr[kwf&ifawmh owif;

acwf&JUtem*wf[m raumif;Ekdifbl;vdkY

yJqdk&rSmjzpfygw,f} [k pmtkyfausmzHk;

wGifa&;om;azmfjyxm;onfh ]owif;

#Dum} rSm av;eufowif;pmynm (Se-

rious Journalism) [m vlYtzGJUtpnf;

ud k aumif;pGmtusK d;jyKEk di fonfht

aMumif; owif;Zmwfvrf;rsm;pGm erlem

ay;wifjyxm;aom 0g&ifhowif;pmq

&mrsm;jzpfonfh Leonard Downic Jr. ESifh

Robert G.Kaiser wdkY 2002 ckESpfu

jyKpkxkwfa0cJhaom The News about theNews: American Journalism in Peril

pmtkyfud krS D jirf;í owif;pmq&m?

pma&;q&m armif0Hou wifqufxm;

jcif;jzpfonf/

tcef;aygif; ckepfcef;zGJUpnf;wifjy

xm;onfh þpmtkyfwGif urÇmhowif;

avmu\ OD;aqmifEkdifiHjzpfaom tar

&duefjynfaxmifpk&Sd owif;pme,fy,f

ESifh pyfvsOf;orQ taMumif;jcif;&mrsm;?

t,ltqrsm;? tajymif;tvJrsm;udk

jynfhjynfh00azmfjyxm;onf/ tcef; (1)

wGif owif;pmrsm;ü yg0ifavh&Sdaom

yifwkdifaqmif;yg;rsm;\ tusKd;ouf

a&mufrIpGrf;yum;? raumif;wJhowif;

pmynm (Bad Journalism) taMumif;

udk 0g&SifwefydkYpfowif;pmBuD;tm; erl

emay;í azmfjyxm;rIwdkY yg0ifonf/

vlYtzGJUtpnf;wkdif;rSm ta&;BuD;vlYtzGJUtpnf;wkdif;rSm ta&;BuD;

vlYtzGJUtpnf;wkdif;rSm ta&;BuD;vlYtzGJUtpnf;wkdif;rSm ta&;BuD;vlYtzGJUtpnf;wkdif;rSm ta&;BuD;

qHk;tcsufjzpfwJh wm0efcHrIqkdif&mqHk;tcsufjzpfwJh wm0efcHrIqkdif&m

qHk;tcsufjzpfwJh wm0efcHrIqkdif&mqHk;tcsufjzpfwJh wm0efcHrIqkdif&mqHk;tcsufjzpfwJh wm0efcHrIqkdif&m

,Ofaus;rI(,Ofaus;rI(

,Ofaus;rI(,Ofaus;rI(,Ofaus;rI(Culture of Accountabil-

ity) udk owif;pmq&mawGu ysKd;) udk owif;pmq&mawGu ysKd;

) udk owif;pmq&mawGu ysKd;) udk owif;pmq&mawGu ysKd;) udk owif;pmq&mawGu ysKd;

axmifay;wmjzpfw,f . . .}? ]owif;axmifay;wmjzpfw,f . . .}? ]owif;

axmifay;wmjzpfw,f . . .}? ]owif;axmifay;wmjzpfw,f . . .}? ]owif;axmifay;wmjzpfw,f . . .}? ]owif;

pmynmu vlawG&JU odcsifpdwfudk ajypmynmu vlawG&JU odcsifpdwfudk ajy

pmynmu vlawG&JU odcsifpdwfudk ajypmynmu vlawG&JU odcsifpdwfudk ajypmynmu vlawG&JU odcsifpdwfudk ajy

aysmufapygw,f...}aysmufapygw,f...}

aysmufapygw,f...}aysmufapygw,f...}aysmufapygw,f...} (pm-16) (tcef;

-2) ü yg0ifonfh tar&duefrsm;ESifh

olwdkYtBudKufowif;rsm;? t0ga&mif

owif;pmynm (Yellow Journalism

ay:aygufvmyHk? Sensational News ac:

vlNydef;BudKufowif;taMumif;) vlNydef;

BudKufowif;pm(Tabloid) rsm; acwfpm;

vmyHk? w,fvDaA;&Sif;ay:vmrIaMumifh

owif;pmrsm; ajymif;vJrIBuHK&yHk? tar

&duefwuúodkvfrsm;ü owif;pmynm

(Journalism)onf a&yef;tpm;qHk; t"du

bmom&yfwpfckjzpfvmyHk? owif;pma&;

enf;yHkpHopfrsm;tay: ESpfvdkrIajymif;vJ

vmyHkwdkYudk om"ursm;aqmifí wifjy

xm;onf/ xdktcef;ü rsufpdzGifhowif;

pmynm (Revelatory Journalism) ESifh

pyfvsOf;onfh owif;pm;oHk;olrsm;\

usifhBuHyHkudkvnf; awGU&rnfjzpfonf/

]vlawGu olwdkY&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf]vlawGu olwdkY&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf

]vlawGu olwdkY&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf]vlawGu olwdkY&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf]vlawGu olwdkY&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf

ta&;BuD;vmNyDqkd&if aumif;wJhowif;ta&;BuD;vmNyDqkd&if aumif;wJhowif;

ta&;BuD;vmNyDqkd&if aumif;wJhowif;ta&;BuD;vmNyDqkd&if aumif;wJhowif;ta&;BuD;vmNyDqkd&if aumif;wJhowif;

pmynm(pmynm(

pmynm(pmynm(pmynm(Good Journalism

)[m olwdkY)[m olwdkY

)[m olwdkY)[m olwdkY)[m olwdkY

twGuf wu,fvdktyfw,fvdkY vufcHtwGuf wu,fvdktyfw,fvdkY vufcH

twGuf wu,fvdktyfw,fvdkY vufcHtwGuf wu,fvdktyfw,fvdkY vufcHtwGuf wu,fvdktyfw,fvdkY vufcH

vmMu...}(pm-33) ]aumif;wJhowif;vmMu...}(pm-33) ]aumif;wJhowif;

vmMu...}(pm-33) ]aumif;wJhowif;vmMu...}(pm-33) ]aumif;wJhowif;vmMu...}(pm-33) ]aumif;wJhowif;

pmynmeJY vkyfpm;udkifpm;vdkY&wmupmynmeJY vkyfpm;udkifpm;vdkY&wmu

pmynmeJY vkyfpm;udkifpm;vdkY&wmupmynmeJY vkyfpm;udkifpm;vdkY&wmupmynmeJY vkyfpm;udkifpm;vdkY&wmu

awmh aocsmygw,f....} (pm-34)awmh aocsmygw,f....} (pm-34)

awmh aocsmygw,f....} (pm-34)awmh aocsmygw,f....} (pm-34)awmh aocsmygw,f....} (pm-34)

tcef; (3) wGif owif;ESifh,if;\

aemufqufwGJ&v'fudk e,l;a,muf

wkdif;rf jynfwGif;owif;XmerS owif;

axmuf 'wfz&efYZf 1996 ckESpftwGif;

ajc&mcHBudK;yrf;wifjycJhaom bmoma&;

ta&NcHKtoif;wpfoif; tcGefa&Smifwdrf;

cJhyHkowif;ESifh &v'fawGudk erlemay;

wifjyxm;jcif;rSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpf

onf/ pl;prf;azmfxkwfowif;axmuf

vSrf;jcif; (Investigative Reporting)

ESifhywfoufonfh vkdufemzG,f&mrsm;udk

avhvmEkdifrnfjzpfNyD; wm0efodowif;

pmynm (Accountability Journalism)

\t"dyÜm,fudkvnf; zGifhqdk&Sif;jyí t

vGefxif&Sm;cJh onfhjzpf&yfom"ursm;udk

avhvmrSwfom;oHk;oyfEkdif&ef azmfjy

xm;í pmzwfolrsm;twGuf tusKd;rsm;

rnf[k qdkcsifonf/ ]owif;pmynm[m

a'owpfck? wpfcgwpf&H EkdifiHwpfck?

aemufqHk; urÇmBuD;wpfckvHk;udk odod

omomajymif;vJapEkdifwJhpGrf;yum;&Sd

w,f/ owif;pmq&m[m owif;awG

udkwifjywJhtcg trsm;jynfol&JU trI

Editor's Choicewww.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

107


awmfudk xrf;aqmifaew,fvdkY oabm

xm;&ygw,f/}...(pm-63) wDADowif;

ESifh owif;pmowif; xda&mufrIESifh

t&nftaoG;uGJjym;yHk? owif;ay;yHkay;

enf;uGmjcm;yHk? tar&duefowif;pm

rsm;usqif;vmyHk? a'owGif;owif;pm

wpfapmif\ tusKd;jyKyHk? Project News

csrSwfvkyfaqmifyHk? yk*¾vdu"d|mefrsm;

jzifh owif;pmwpfapmifvnfywfyHk? rd

om;pkydkifowif;pmrsm;\ taetxm;?

aiGaMu;tjrwfESifh owif;pm*kPfodu©m

tquftpyf? owif;pmrsm;jyefvnfOD;

armhvma&;BudK;yrf;yHk? owif;pmrsm;u

enf;ay;vrf;jyvkyf&ef vdktyfyHk? owif;

pmq&mESifh vpOfcHpm;cGifhtaetxm;

ponfwdkYudk tcef; (4) wGif csdwfquf

zwf½I&if; ynmA[kokwwkd;vmrnfjzpf

onf/ ]tpdk;&t&m&SdawGeJY EkdifiHa&;o

rm;awGuawmh owif;pmawG&JU ta&;

ygrIudkodw,f/ 'gaMumifh owif;pm?

owif;axmufawGeJY tqufrjywf

atmifaeMuw,f} .... (pm-67)/

]owif;pmaumif;awG&SdaewJhvlYtzGJU

tpnf;[m awmfawmfuav; aeaysmfyg

w,f}.... (pm-70)/ ]owif;pmynm

qdkwm wDxGifzefwD;wJhtvkyftrsKd;

tpm;jzpfw,f}... (pm-92)/ ]wu,fh

owif;BuD;awGjzpfvmNyDqdkrS owif;pm

awG&JUt&nftaoG;uGm[csufawGvnf;

ododomomay:xGufvmygw,f}...

(pm-95)

tcef;(5) ü rsufarSmufumvwGif

tvGeftpGrf;xufaeonfh N*dK[fwk½kyfoH

owif;rsm;ESifhywfoufaom tar&d

uefjynfolrsm;\ taetxm;? owif;

azsmfajza&;ESifh aMumfjimrsm;teuf OD;

pm;ay;&rnfht&m a&G;cs,fa&;udpöESifh

tusKd;tjypfrsm;? ½kyfoHowif;orm;rsm;

ESifh ½kyfoHowif;rsm;qdkif&mudpörsm;? tif

wmeufowif;0ufbfqdkufvTifhwifjcif;

&v'frsm;? tifwmeufowif;pkaqmif;

yHk? owif;pmBuD;rsm;ESifh tGefvdkif;y&d

owftaetxm;? Web Journalism \

tcef;u@ESifh tem*wfqef;ppfcsuf p

onfh taMumif;t&mrsm; wifqufxm;

onf/ ]BuD;rm;wJhowif;awGudk wDAD]BuD;rm;wJhowif;awGudk wDAD

]BuD;rm;wJhowif;awGudk wDAD]BuD;rm;wJhowif;awGudk wDAD]BuD;rm;wJhowif;awGudk wDAD

uwifjywm[m yHkESdyfpmvHk;eJY azmfjyuwifjywm[m yHkESdyfpmvHk;eJY azmfjy

uwifjywm[m yHkESdyfpmvHk;eJY azmfjyuwifjywm[m yHkESdyfpmvHk;eJY azmfjyuwifjywm[m yHkESdyfpmvHk;eJY azmfjy

wmavmuf vlawGudk auseyfrIray;wmavmuf vlawGudk auseyfrIray;

wmavmuf vlawGudk auseyfrIray;wmavmuf vlawGudk auseyfrIray;wmavmuf vlawGudk auseyfrIray;

Ekdifbl;}... (pm- 107)/ ]owif;? azsmfEkdifbl;}... (pm- 107)/ ]owif;? azsmf

Ekdifbl;}... (pm- 107)/ ]owif;? azsmfEkdifbl;}... (pm- 107)/ ]owif;? azsmfEkdifbl;}... (pm- 107)/ ]owif;? azsmf

ajza&;eJYaMumfjimqdkwJ h oHk;rsK d;oH k;ajza&;eJYaMumfjimqdkwJ h oHk;rsK d;oH k;

ajza&;eJYaMumfjimqdkwJ h oHk;rsK d;oH k;ajza&;eJYaMumfjimqdkwJ h oHk;rsK d;oH k;ajza&;eJYaMumfjimqdkwJ h oHk;rsK d;oH k;

u@ xdyfwdkufawGUMuwJhtcg vkyfu@ xdyfwdkufawGUMuwJhtcg vkyf

u@ xdyfwdkufawGUMuwJhtcg vkyfu@ xdyfwdkufawGUMuwJhtcg vkyfu@ xdyfwdkufawGUMuwJhtcg vkyf

ief;& Si f BuD;awG[m trsm;jynfolief;& Si f BuD;awG[m trsm;jynfol

ief;& Si f BuD;awG[m trsm;jynfolief;& Si f BuD;awG[m trsm;jynfolief;& Si f BuD;awG[m trsm;jynfol

tusKd;qdkwmxuf ydkufqHbufudk ygtusKd;qdkwmxuf ydkufqHbufudk yg

tusKd;qdkwmxuf ydkufqHbufudk ygtusKd;qdkwmxuf ydkufqHbufudk ygtusKd;qdkwmxuf ydkufqHbufudk yg

cJ hMuwm tpOftvmozG,fjzpfcJ hygcJ hMuwm tpOftvmozG,fjzpfcJ hyg

cJ hMuwm tpOftvmozG,fjzpfcJ hygcJ hMuwm tpOftvmozG,fjzpfcJ hygcJ hMuwm tpOftvmozG,fjzpfcJ hyg

w,f...} (pm-113)/ ]owif;vkdufzdk Yw,f...} (pm-113)/ ]owif;vkdufzdk Y

w,f...} (pm-113)/ ]owif;vkdufzdk Yw,f...} (pm-113)/ ]owif;vkdufzdk Yw,f...} (pm-113)/ ]owif;vkdufzdk Y

pOf;pm;&if; p&dwfb,favmufukefpOf;pm;&if; p&dwfb,favmufukef

pOf;pm;&if; p&dwfb,favmufukefpOf;pm;&if; p&dwfb,favmufukefpOf;pm;&if; p&dwfb,favmufukef

rvJqd kwmudk t&ifpOf;pm;Mu&NyD}rvJqd kwmudk t&ifpOf;pm;Mu&NyD}

rvJqd kwmudk t&ifpOf;pm;Mu&NyD}rvJqd kwmudk t&ifpOf;pm;Mu&NyD}rvJqd kwmudk t&ifpOf;pm;Mu&NyD}

.....(pm-119)/.....(pm-119)/

.....(pm-119)/.....(pm-119)/

.....(pm-119)/ owif;pmBuD;rsm; Web

Journalism toHk;csMu&yHkudk zwf&í

A[kokwrsm;pGm&rnfjzpfonf/

tcef; (6) wGif owif;wefzdk;t

aMumif;? xifay:ausmfMum;olrsm;

taMumif; OD;pm;ay;onfhowif; (Ce-

lebrities News) rsm;\ tcef;u@ESifh

,if;owif;rsm;\wefzdk;? qDvDb&DwD

aemufvdkufowif;pmynmESifh a&vdkuf

vGJcJhaom qDvDb&DwD*sme,fvpfrsm;

taMumif;? Tabloid Journalism qdkif&m

om"ujzpf&y ftcs K d U ? owif;E Si f h

azsmfajza&; 0da&m"djzpfrI? owif;wefzdk;

tajymif;tvJwdkYudk azmfjyxm;onf/

aemufqHk;tcef;wGifrl owif;rsm;? o

wif;pmrsm;\tem*wfudk oHk;oyfwif

qufxm;onfudk avhvmEkdifrnfjzpf

onf/

NcHKíqkd&vQif ]owif;#Dum} pmtkyf

rSm tar&duefowif;pmavmut

aMumif;udk ½IaxmifhpHkjrifuGif;tjzpf avh

vmEkdifrnfhpmtkyfwpftkyfjzpfNyD; owif;

pmynmESifh owif;rD'D,mvkyfief;rsm;

ydkrdkzGHUNzdK;vm&ef vdktyfaeao;onfh

uREkfyfwdkYEkdifiHtwGuf tusKd;&Sdrnfh jznfh

qnf;rIwpf&yfvnf;jzpfaeonf[k oHk;

oyfrdonf/ pma&;ol\ apwemESifh

tm;xkwfrIudk txif;om;awGUjrif&rnf

jzpfonf/ ,if;twGuf todtrSwfjyK&

rnfjzpfonf/ a&;om;wifjyyHk ajyjypf

oGufvufí pmtustaygufuif;

onf/ owif;rsm;\ta&;ygrIudk t

av;teufxm;olwkdif; owif;pmynm

udkpdwf0ifpm;olwdkif;? owif;rD'D,m

avmuESifhywfoufaeolwdkif; zwf½I

oifhonfhpmtkyfyifjzpfonf/ pmMunfh

wdkufrsm;wGif&Sd&rnfh pmtkyfwpftkyf jzpf

onf/ pmtkyftjyiftqifaumif;

onf/

xkwfa0ol - eef;a'0Dpmay

rsufESmzHk;'DZkdif; - pdk;0if;Nidrf;

xkwfa0onfhESpf- 2008 ckESpf arv

tBudrf- yxrtBudrf

wefzdk; - 2000 usyf

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 4013801207

jynfoltwGuf opfawmynma'gufwmausmfwifha'gufwmausmfwifh

a'gufwmausmfwifha'gufwmausmfwifha'gufwmausmfwifh

pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;?

tyef;ajzem;aea&;? a&-ajrobm0

ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;? &moDOwk nD

nGwfrQwa&;? ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJxdef;odrf;

a&;ESifh <u,f0a&;? pm;eyf&du©mzlvHka&;

tp&Sdonfh vlrIudpöqdkif&mu@rsm;pGm

twGuf tvGefta&;ygaeaom opfawm

rsm;\wefzdk;rsm;tay: vlyk*d¾KvftoD;

oD;wdkY\ em;vnftodtrSwfjyKEkdifrI

tm;enf;cJhaMumif;? tm;enf;aeqJjzpf

aMumif;? urÇmh&moDOwkajymif;vJazmuf

jyefrIxdef;odrf;a&;wGif opfawmrsm;

rjyKef;wD;a&;onf ta&;BuD;qHk;vkyf

aqmif&rnfhudpöjzpfaMumif;? opfawm

a*[pepfudk avsmfuefoifhjrwfpGm pDrH

tkyfcsKyfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyf&ef txl;vdktyf

aMumif; trSmyg;xm;aom ]jynfol

twGufopfawmynm} [lonfh pmtkyf

rSm rsufarSmufumvwGif opfawmo

,HZmw<u,f0onfh jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd EkdifiH

om;rsm;twGuf tvGeftusKd;&Sdaprnfh

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

108


pmtkyfjzpfaeonfudk awGU&onf/

tcef; (1) wGif opfawmqdkonfh

a0g[m&\ teuft"dyÜm,f? opfawm

rsm;\xda&mufrI? urÇmhopfawmrsm;ESifh

jrefrmhopfawmrsm;\ rsufarSmuftajc

tae? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif rSwfwrf;wifxm;

NyD; tyifrsKd;rsm;ESifh wd&pämefrsKd;rsm; t

a&twGuf? ausmufwHcg;NrdKUe,fESifh

aygufacgif;NrdKUe,frsm;&Sd opfawmzHk;vTrf;

rItaetxm;ajymif;vJjcif;? uRef;opf

awmxGuf&SdrIyrmP tajymif;tvJwdkY

udk azmfjyxm;onf/ tcef; (2) wGif

urÇmhopfawmrsm; tus,ft0ef;ESifh

ajymif;vJrI? opfawmtrsKd;tpm;xkxnf

ESifh tav;csdef? opfawmpdkufcif;rsm;\

taetxm;? tmqD,Ha'oopfawm

rsm;\tus,ft0ef;? ajymif;vJrI? opf

xkxnf? jrefrmhopfawmrsm;\ tus,f

t0ef;? ajymif;vJrI? opfawmtrsKd;t

pm;rsm;? xkxnf? tav;csdef? opfawm

pdkufcif;rsm; ponfh taMumif;t&mrsm;

udk vdktyfaom taxmuftuljyK udef;

*Pef;Z,m;azmfjycsufrsm;? "mwfyHkrsm;

jzifh wifjyxm;onfrSm tvGefaxmifhaph

NyD; txl;pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;ygonf/

tcef; (3) wGifrl opfawmrsm;

aMumifh&&Sdvmrnfh tusKd;w&m;rsm;udk

azmfjyxm;&mwGif opfawmrsm;&Sdjcif;jzifh

a&t&if;tjrpfrsm; <u,f0vmEkdifyHk? opf

awm\*kPfowdårsm;? a&o,HZmwESifh

ajrvTmrsm;tay: opfawmuay;pGrf;

Ekdifonfh&v'frsm;udk pepfwus jyKpk

azmfjyxm;onfrSm pm½Iolrsm;twGuf

opfawmynmudk teD;uyfoif,lae&

ouJhodkYjzpfaernf[k qdkcsifonf/ xdkt

cef;wGif opfawmrsm;ESifh obm0tajc

cHc&D;oGm;vkyfief;tquftpyfudkvnf;

wifjyxm;onf/ urÇmBuD;ylaEG;vmjcif;

jzpfpOf? &moDOwkajymif;vJrItvm;t

vmudkrSef;qjcif;ESifh ,if;ajymif;vJrIt

ay: xdef;csKyfEkdifa&;zGJUpnf;aqmif&GufyHk?

oJuEÅm&jzpfxGef;jcif;? opfawmrsm;ESifh

ZD0rsKd;pHkrsKd;uGJqufpyfrI? opf\*kPf

owdårsm;? opfawmpufrIu@? opfr

[kwfonfh opfawmxGufypönf;rsm;t

aMumif;? opfawmtoHk;csjcif;rsm; p

onfhacgif;pOfcGJrsm;jzifh wifjyxm;rIwdkY

rSm xda&mufrI&SdNyD; A[kokwrsm;pGm &Ekdif

rnfrSmvnf; {uefyif/

tcef; (4) wGifrl opfawmpdkufysKd;

jyKpkenf;pepfrsm;udk wpfqifhjcif;azmfjy

xm;onf/ opfawmpdkufcif;wnfaxmif

jcif;ESifh ywfouforQusifhBuHrSwfom;

zG,frsm;udk tcef; (5) wGif tjynfhtpHk

zwf½I&rnfjzpfonf/ tcef; (6) ü opf

awmwkdif;wmjcif;qkdif&mynm (Forest

Mensuration) udk tajccHoif½kd;ukef

xnfhoGif;wifjyxm;onf[k nTef;vdk

onf/ tcef; (7) wGif awmxGufowf

rSwfjcif;acgif;pOfrSm ta&;BuD;onfh opf

awmynmqkdif&m tpdwftydkif;wpf&yf jzpf

onf/ 'Da&awmrsm; (Mangrove For-

est) \ t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfjcif;? 'Da&

awm\ ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;ESifh tusKd;

aus;Zl;rsm;? jrefrmh'Da&awmrsm;taMumif;

udk? 'Da&awm pdkufysKd;jyKpkonfh enf;p

epfrsm;udk tcef; (8) wGif tao;pdwf

avhvmrSwfom;Mu&rnf jzpfygonf/

tcef; (9) ü opfawmrsm;a&&Snf

wnfwHhap&ef tkyfcsKyfvkyfudkifrIESifh pyf

vsOf;aomtaMumif;jcif;&mrsm;yg&SdaeNyD;

tcef; (10) wGif azmfjyxm;aomopf

awma*[pepftkyfcsKyfvkyfudkifrIESifh

qufpyfavhvmqifjcifEkdifrnfh tcGifh

tvrf; þpmtkyfü yg&Sdonf/ opfyif

opfawmu@&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI tusKd;t

jrwfpdppfEkdifyHkrsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;ynm&yf

½Iaxmifhjzifh wifjyxm;onfudk zwf½I

&ayrnf/ opfawmrsm;udk wefzdk;jzwf

jcif;[laom tcef; (12) ü opfawm

rsm;? ,if;wdkY\ bufpHktoHk;rsm;ESifh

qufpyfaom pD;yGm;a&;wefzdk;rsm;udk

tuJjzwfEkdifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm; wifjy

xm;onf/

þpmtkyfrSm opfawmynmESif h

ywfoufí odoifhodtyfonfrsm;udk od

apEdkifrnfh usrf;wpfapmifyifjzpfonf[k

NcHKí&nfnTef;vdkonf/ pmtkyfpifwkdif;

wGif &Sdoifhonhf &Sd&rnfhpmtkyfwpftkyf

yif/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;rIaumif;onf/ pm

vHk;tustaygufuif;pifonf/ pma&;

ol a'gufwmausmfwifhESifh pDpOfonfh

tzGJUtpnf;? yk*d¾Kvfrsm;\ tm;xkwfrI

ESifh apwemudk tav;teuftodtrSwf

jyKrdonf/ þpmtkyfudk aocsmavhvm

zwf½INyD;vQif pmzwfoltaejzifh opf

awmynmudk tajccHtqifh ausnufpGm

oabmaygufoGm;rnfrSm aocsmyg

onf/ opfawmrsm;taMumif; ]odoGm;

jcif;} \tmedoifrSm vlYtzGJUtpnf;t

wGuf tvGeftusKd;rsm;rnfjzpfí rjzpfr

aezwf½I&ef wkdufwGef;vdkonf/

xkwfa0ol - vif;OD;wm&mpmay

rsufESmzHk;'DZkdif;- yef;csDoef;jrifhatmif

xkwfa0onfhESpf- 2008 ckESpf arv

tBudrf - yxrtBudrf

wefzdk; - 2500 usyf


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

109


arG;v &uf*Pef;uajymaom pD;yGm;a&;uHZmwmarmifarmifjrifhoef;armif

rsKd;qufopfeu©wfaA'ifynm&Sif

wpfOD;vnf;jzpf eu©wfaA'ifynmukd

ESpfaygif; 30 ausmf avhvmqnf;yl;

okawoejyK a[majymcJhNyD;olvnf;

jzpfaom pma&;olonf *Pef;aA'if

ynmt& vlom;wkdY\b0jzpfpOfrsm;ukd

*Pef;rsm;u xl;xl;jcm;jcm; vTrf;rkd;

aphaqmfaeonfukd vufawGUodjrifcJh&

ayonf/

rdrdwkdY\ wpfoufwm aiGaMu;

pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m a[mudef;rsm;a&;om;

ay;yg&ef pma&;olxH zkef;jzifhqufoG,f

awmif;qkdol trsm;tjym;&SdcJhygonf/

awmif;qkdoltrsm;pktaejzifh zGm;Zmwm

r&SdMuojzifh zGm;Zmwmt& pD;yGm;a&;

qkdif&m a[mudef;rsm;ukd a&S;a[mif;

tdE´d,eu©wfaA'ifusrf;tukd;tum;?

taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh a&;om;ay;

vkdaomfvnf; zGm;Zmwmr&Sdaom pmzwf

y&dowftm; tusKd;jyKEkdifrnf r[kwfay/

okdYjzpfí rdrdwkdY\t*FvdyfarG;v

ESifh arG;&ufukdod½HkrQESifh rdrdwkdY\ wpf

oufwm aiGaMu;pD;yGm;a&; tajctae

ukd BudKwifcefYrSef;Ekdifaprnfh *Pef;

aA'ifa[mudef;rsm;ukd a&;om;azmfjy

tyfygonf/

Zefe0g&Dv 1-10-19 ESifh28 &ufaehrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

aiGaMu;oHk;pGJ&mwGif pepfwus

acRwmoHk;pGJwwfonf/ aiGaMu;tusKd;

tjrwfaocsmayguf &&SdEkdifaom pD;yGm;

'ifa[menf;rsm;teuf *Pef;rsm;ukdqef;ppfavhvmNyD;a[mudef;xkwf&onfh *Pef;aA'ifynmt& vlwpfOD;'ifa[menf;rsm;teuf *Pef;rsm;ukdqef;ppfavhvmNyD;a[mudef;xkwf&onfh *Pef;aA'ifynmt& vlwpfOD;

'ifa[menf;rsm;teuf *Pef;rsm;ukdqef;ppfavhvmNyD;a[mudef;xkwf&onfh *Pef;aA'ifynmt& vlwpfOD;'ifa[menf;rsm;teuf *Pef;rsm;ukdqef;ppfavhvmNyD;a[mudef;xkwf&onfh *Pef;aA'ifynmt& vlwpfOD;'ifa[menf;rsm;teuf *Pef;rsm;ukdqef;ppfavhvmNyD;a[mudef;xkwf&onfh *Pef;aA'ifynmt& vlwpfOD;

wpfa,muf\ arG;&uf*Pef;u xkdol\b0jzpfpOfESif h qufET,fvsuf&S dayonf/ arG;&uf*Pef;onfwpfa,muf\ arG;&uf*Pef;u xkdol\b0jzpfpOfESif h qufET,fvsuf&S dayonf/ arG;&uf*Pef;onf

wpfa,muf\ arG;&uf*Pef;u xkdol\b0jzpfpOfESif h qufET,fvsuf&S dayonf/ arG;&uf*Pef;onfwpfa,muf\ arG;&uf*Pef;u xkdol\b0jzpfpOfESif h qufET,fvsuf&S dayonf/ arG;&uf*Pef;onfwpfa,muf\ arG;&uf*Pef;u xkdol\b0jzpfpOfESif h qufET,fvsuf&S dayonf/ arG;&uf*Pef;onf

ajymif;vJír&Ekdifjcif;? arG;zGm;aom&ufü BuD;pkd;aomN*dK[f\ a&mifjcnfMoZmoufa&mufjcif;ESif h qufpyfaejcif;?ajymif;vJír&Ekdifjcif;? arG;zGm;aom&ufü BuD;pkd;aomN*dK[f\ a&mifjcnfMoZmoufa&mufjcif;ESif h qufpyfaejcif;?

ajymif;vJír&Ekdifjcif;? arG;zGm;aom&ufü BuD;pkd;aomN*dK[f\ a&mifjcnfMoZmoufa&mufjcif;ESif h qufpyfaejcif;?ajymif;vJír&Ekdifjcif;? arG;zGm;aom&ufü BuD;pkd;aomN*dK[f\ a&mifjcnfMoZmoufa&mufjcif;ESif h qufpyfaejcif;?ajymif;vJír&Ekdifjcif;? arG;zGm;aom&ufü BuD;pkd;aomN*dK[f\ a&mifjcnfMoZmoufa&mufjcif;ESif h qufpyfaejcif;?

tmumo"mwfESif hqufpyfaejcif;wkd YaMumifh arG;&uf*Pef;onf vlwpfa,muf\ arG;onfrS aoqHk;onftxdtmumo"mwfESif hqufpyfaejcif;wkd YaMumifh arG;&uf*Pef;onf vlwpfa,muf\ arG;onfrS aoqHk;onftxd

tmumo"mwfESif hqufpyfaejcif;wkd YaMumifh arG;&uf*Pef;onf vlwpfa,muf\ arG;onfrS aoqHk;onftxdtmumo"mwfESif hqufpyfaejcif;wkd YaMumifh arG;&uf*Pef;onf vlwpfa,muf\ arG;onfrS aoqHk;onftxdtmumo"mwfESif hqufpyfaejcif;wkd YaMumifh arG;&uf*Pef;onf vlwpfa,muf\ arG;onfrS aoqHk;onftxd

b0jzpfpOfrsm;tay: MoZmoufa&mufvTrf;rkd;aeaom ta&;tBuD;qHk;t"du*Pef;jzpfayonf/b0jzpfpOfrsm;tay: MoZmoufa&mufvTrf;rkd;aeaom ta&;tBuD;qHk;t"du*Pef;jzpfayonf/

b0jzpfpOfrsm;tay: MoZmoufa&mufvTrf;rkd;aeaom ta&;tBuD;qHk;t"du*Pef;jzpfayonf/b0jzpfpOfrsm;tay: MoZmoufa&mufvTrf;rkd;aeaom ta&;tBuD;qHk;t"du*Pef;jzpfayonf/b0jzpfpOfrsm;tay: MoZmoufa&mufvTrf;rkd;aeaom ta&;tBuD;qHk;t"du*Pef;jzpfayonf/

a&;vkyfief;rsKd;wGif t&if;tESD;rsm;rsm;

xnfh0ifvkyfukdifwwfonf/ ra&&m

aompD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsKd;wGif pkyHk&if;ESD;

jr§KyfESHjcif;r&Sdwwfay/ pD;yGm;a&;tajct

aeaumif;rnfh tcGifhtvrf;rsKd;ukd MuHK

awGU&ygu vufvGwfrcHbJ r&&atmif

,lwwfonf/

trsm;tay: ay;urf;&ufa&m

wwfaomoabm&Sdonf/ xl;jcm;aom

tajctaersKd;ukd wkdufqkdifpGm awGUMuHK

&onfrSvGJí touft&G,fBuD;csdef

rwkdifrD b0atmifjrifrI&&Sd&ef cufcJ

rnf/

azazmf0g&Dv 1-10-19 ESifh 28 &ufaehrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

tjcm;olrsm;\ aiGaMu;pD;yGm;ESifh

ywfoufí Mum;0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;?

avmif;upm;qefqefvkyfay;rdygu qkH;

½IH;rI&Sdwwfonf/ rMumcPaiGukd t

vG,fwul&vkdpdwfaZmjzifh wkd;csJUvkyf

ukdifrdu rSm;wwfonf/ rdrdwkdYukd BuD;pkd;

aom N*dK[ftaetxm;t& tjcm;olrsm;

twGuf tvkyfvkyfay;&jcif;xuf ukd,fh

twGufukd,f tvkyfvkyf&jcif;u ykdí 0if

aiGaumif;rnfhZmwmygonf/

azazmf0g&D 1-10-19 ESifh 28

&ufaeYwGifarG;zGm;olrsm;teufq&m0ef?

a&SUae? tEkynm&Sif ponfholrsm;onf

aiG&uHodyfraumif;vSacs/ vkyfief;BuD;

rm;ckdifrmonfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;jzpf

onfh bPfvkyfief;? aiG&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI

vkyfief;? pufrIvkyfief;rsm;wGifpDrHtkyf

csKyfoltjzpf pD;yGm;&Smygu aiG0ifvrf;

ajzmifhrnf/

tpkpyfpD;yGm;&Smrnfqkdygu txl;

owdxm;&rnf/ rdrdwpfa,mufwnf;

oD;oefYvkyfukdif pD;yGm;&Smygu ykdítqif

ajyvdrfhrnf/ tjcm;olrsm;u rdrdtay:

opömr&Sdjcif;? vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;ESifh

rdrdtm;ckwHk;vkyfí ausmf wufoGm;jcif;

rsm;ESifh BuHKawGU&wwfaom uHZmwmyg

&Sdonf/

rwfv 1-10-19 ESifU 28 &ufaehrsm;arG;zGm;olrsm;

aiGaMu;pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ywfoufí

uHaumif;rnf/ rdrdb0wpfavQmufvHk;

wGif tjzpftysuftajymif;tvJ trsKd;

rsKd; BuHKawGU&rnf/ tajymif;tvJumv

rsm;wGif aiGaMu;twGuf pkd;&drfaomu

a&muf&wwfaomfvnf; aemufqHk;wGif

atmifjrifvmrnfomjzpfonf/

atmifjrifrI&&SdEkdifrnfh xl;jcm;

aomtcGifhta&;aumif;rsm;ESifh wkduf

qkdifBuHK awGU&wwfonf/ txl;ojzifh

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;BuD;rsm;wGif wm0efBuD;

rm;NyD; vkyfykdifcGifh&&Sdonfh tqifhtwef;

rsKd;okdY a&muf&SdEkdifonf/

pyfwlpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfygu

rdrd\ vTrf;rk d;jc,fvS,fwwfaom

obm0aMumifh tcuftcJjyóemBuHK&

wwfonf/ rnfokdYyifjzpfap rdrdukd BuD;

pkd;aomN*dK[f\ obm0t& aiGaMu;

aAwww.fo

reve

rspa

ce.co

m.m

m

110


tqifajyrnfomjzpfonf/ rwfv 28

&ufaeYwGif arG;zGm;oljzpfygu ykdí

atmifjrifEkdifaomuHZmwm yg&Sdonf/

{NyDv 1-10-19 ESifU 28 &ufaehrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

aiGaMu;ESifh ywfoufí &vkduf?

ukefvkdufwpfvSnfhpD&Sdrnf/ rsm;aom

tm;jzifh aiGaMu;udpöwGif tavmwBuD;

qHk;jzwfaqmif&Gufwwfaom p½kduf&Sd

onf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifvnf;

ukd,fwkdifxdef;odrf;vkyfukdifEkdifpGrf;r&Sd

aom vkyfief;rsm;ukd wkd;csJUaqmif&Guf

ygu qHk;½IH;wwfonf/

rnfonfh pD;yGm;a&;wGifrqkd pyfwl

vkyfukdifjcif;xuf wpfOD;wnf; ukd,fykdif

vkyfaqmifvQif ykdrkdatmifjrifEkdifonf/

&ufa&mpGm ay;urf;pGefYMuJwwfonf/

rMumcP aiGaMu;tajrmuftjrm;&&Sd

Ekdifrnf/

arv 1-10-19 ESifU 28 &ufaehrsm;wGifarG;zGm;olrsm;

aiGaMu;qkdif&mukokdvfuHaumif;

rnf/ pnf;pdrf&Sd&Sd aexkdifpm;aomuf

oHk;jzKef;wwfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;BuD;rsm;wGif pGefYpm;

vkyfukdifwwfMuaomfvnf; tBuD;t

us,fqHk;½IH;epfemrIr&Sdwwfay/ trsm;

tm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;wGif atmifjrifMu

rnf/

ZGefv 1-10-19ESifU 28 &ufaehrsm;wGifarG;zGm;olrsm;

rdrdukdBuD;pkd;aom N*dK[fcGiftae

txm;t& aiGaMu;udpöwGif uHaumif;

wwfMuonf/ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ywfoufí

tMuHtpnfaumif;rnf/ rdrd\pdwful;?

tMuHtpnf? t&nftcsif;aMumifh aiG0if

rsm;rnf/ jzpfvmEkdifrnfh tajctaersm;

ukd BudKwifwGufqvkyfukdifwwfjcif;

aMumifh BuD;yGm;rnf/ pD;yGm;a&;wGif

tjcm;olrsm;\ tMuHÓPftwkdif;

aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKbJ rdrd\tvkdvkd

todpdwfESifh ukd,fykdiftMuHtpnftwkdif;

&J&J0Hh0Hhvkyfukdifygu atmifjrifrnf/

Zlvkdifv 1-10-19 ESifU 28 &ufaehrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

pD;yGm;&Sm&mwGif aiGaMu;csrf;om

<u,f0a&;xuf rdrd\pm;0wfaea&; jynfh

pHka&;ukd t"duxm;wwfonf/ aiGaMu;

csrf;omvmyguvnf; 0ifh<um;yvTm;rIr&Sd

bJ ½kd;ukyfpGmaewwfMuolrsm;jzpfonf/ rdrd

\aiGaMu;Opömrsm;ukd trsm;tusKd;jyKvkyf

ief;rsm;wGif vSL'gef;wwfonf/

þ&ufzGm;rsm;teufpD;yGm;&Sm&mwGif

tajymif;tvJrsm;wwfNyD; ayghayghae aysmf

aysmfoHk;pGJwwfojzifh aiGaMu;rpkaqmif;rd

bJ pD;yGm;a&; tqifrajyjzpfwwfol vlwef;

pm;ESifh pD;yGm;&Sm&mwGif wnfNidrfpGmESifh

tajymr[kwfbJ vufawGUvkyfukdif&SmazGNyD;

aiGaMu;ukd pepfwuscGJa0oHk;pGJ wwfojzifh

aiGaMu;pkaqmif;rdNyD;pD;yGm;a&; tqifajy

vmwwfaom vlwef;pm;[lí ESpfrsKd;&Sdwwf

onf/

Mo*kwfv 1-10-19 ESifU 28 &ufaehrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

pD;yGm;aiGaMu;OpömESifh ywfoufí uH

aumif;rnf/ i,f&G,fpOfb0wGif tcuftcJ

rsKd;pHkESifhMuHKawGU&wwfonf/ touf 37

ESpf ausmfrS pD;yGm;a&;tqifajyvmrnf/

pifwifbmv 1-10-19 ESifU 28 &ufaehrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

i,fpOfuyifcsrf;om<u,f0vkdaom

qE´BuD;rm;cJhrnf/ okdYaomf ÓPfynm

xufjrufoljzpfaomfvnf; t&G,ftv,f

tvwfa&mufonftxd aiGaMu;Opöm pk

aqmif;rdjcif;r&Sdwwfay/

atmufwkdbmv 1-10-19 ESifU 28&ufaehrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

omrefpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyf

ukdifjcif;xuf rdrd\&nf&G,fcsufESifh ÓPf

ynmukd toHk;jyKvkyfukdif&aom vkyfief;rsKd;

wGif ykdNyD;atmifjrifjzpfxGef;wwfonf/

pD;yGm;&Sm&mwGif BuD;yGm;csrf;omvkdjcif;xuf

rdrd\ rGefjrwfaom&nf&G,fcsufatmifjrif

&mukd t"duxm;vsuf aiGaMu;pD;yGm;&Sm

wwfMuonf/

Ekd0ifbmv 1-10-19 ESifh 28 &ufaeYrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

rnfonfhvkyfief;vkyfukdifonfjzpfap

aiG0ifaumif;NyD; csrf;omBuD;yGm;rnf/ okdY

aomf rdrd&vmorQaiGaMu;ukd pkaqmif;Ekdif

pGrf;enf;yg;wwfonf/ Ekd0ifbmv 28 &uf

aeYwGifarG;zGm;oljzpfygu &nfrSef;csuf

tvGefBuD;rm;aomaMumifh rnfonfhvkyfief;

wGifrqkd emrnfxif&Sm;ausmfMum;wwf

aomfvnf; aiGaMu;&&SdrIwGif uHraumif;

wwfacs/

'DZifbmv 1-10-19 ESifh 28 &ufaeYrsm;wGif arG;zGm;olrsm;

rnfonfhvkyfief;vkyfukdifonfjzpfap

0ifaiGaumif;rnf/ okdYaomf tvGefpGefYpm;

vkyfukdifwwfolrsm;jzpfojzifh tjrwf t½IH;

raocsmaomvkyfief;rsKd;wGif pkyHk&if;ESD;jr§Kyf

ESHwwfMuaomaMumifh tqHk;t½IH;rsm;wwf

onf/ apwemo'¨gxufoefMuNyD; qif;&J

edrfhusolrsm;tm; axmufyHhulnD&vGef;o

jzifh aiGaMu;pkaqmif;rdrnfr[kwfacs/

aiGaMu;tukeftusrsm;jcif; tqHk;

t½IH;ESifh&ifqkdif&aomfvnf; pdwfaomu

ra&mufwwfonfhtjyif rnfolYukdrS tjypf

rwifwwfMuacs/ tusKd;tjrwf jyefvnf

&&SdEkdifap&ef BudK;pm;aqmif&Guf&if; 0ifaiG

aumif;aumif;&&Sdvmjyefwwfonf/ ZGJ?

vHkYv tjynfh&Sdoljzpfojzifh qHk;½IH;rI&Sdygu

atmifjrifrI&Sdap&ef enf;vrf;aygif;pHkjzifh

qufvufBudK;yrf;vkyfukdifjcif;aMumifh

aemufqHk;wGif atmifjrifrI &&SdwwfMu

onf/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

armifarmifjrif hoef;armifarmifarmifjrif hoef;armif

armifarmifjrif hoef;armifarmifarmifjrif hoef;armifarmifarmifjrif hoef;armif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

112

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER 2008.ukefaps;EIef;

um;aps;EIef; (29-8-2008)

2008 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvaemufqHk;ywftwGif; jzpfay:cJUaom ukefaps;EIef;rsm;

um;trsK d;tpm;um;trsK d;tpm;

um;trsK d;tpm;um;trsK d;tpm;um;trsK d;tpm;

armf',farmf',f

armf',farmf',farmf',f

tu©&m aps;EIef;tu©&m aps;EIef;

tu©&m aps;EIef;tu©&m aps;EIef;tu©&m aps;EIef;

(odef;) (odef;)

(odef;) (odef;) (odef;)

Suzuki Wagon R+1*(ZD;a&mif^ypönf;pH k) 420

Suzuki Wagon R+(9c)(ZD;a&mif) 400

Corolla 1.5 Limited 86/87 (o) 290

Corolla 1.5 Limited 88/89 (1u) 360

Corolla 1.5 Limited 91 (6u) 420

Corolla 1.5 Limited 90/91 (1u) 380

Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 86/87 (o) 220

Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 88/89 (2u) 380

Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 88/89 (t) 320

Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 90/91 (1c) 560

Corolla 1.3 Dx Van ("mwfqD) 86/87 (t) 165

Toyota Publica 81 (') 110

Toyota Publica 86/87 (b) 140

Toyota Publica 88 (2u) 200

Sunny Pick-up 86/87 (1u) 120

Sunny Pick-up 90/91 (2u) 130

Sunny Super Saloon (1.5) 86/87 (o) 260

Sunny Super Saloon (1.5) 86/87 (1u) 300

Sunny Super Saloon (1.5) 88/89 (1u) 320

Sunny Super Saloon (1.5) 88/89 (o) 275

Sunny Super Saloon (1.5) 92 (6u) 420

TOYOTA LANDCRUISER 2004 (9c) 2600

TOYOTA PRADO 97 (3c) 1550

* txufygum;rsm;onf tu©&may:rlwnfí aps;twuftus&Sdonf/

* um;a[mif;rsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf um;tajctaeay:rlwnfí aps;uGmjcm;onf/

* t0,fenf;yg;onfhtwGuf ac:aps;rsm;om jzpfonf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

113


wDADa&mifpkH(29-8-2008)



armf',farmf',f


t&G,ft&G,f

t&G,ft&G,ft&G,f

EIef;(usyf)EIef;(usyf)

EIef;(usyf)EIef;(usyf)EIef;(usyf)

SAMSUNG CS-29 M21 FA 29" 1850000

SAMSUNG CS-21 K30 21" 1940000

SAMSUNG CS-21 K40 21" 890000

STAR S2107C 21" 274000

STAR T2107C 21" 141600

LG 21 FB5RG 21" 1090000

LG RT -29 FD 17 R 29" 479000

SONY KV-SW 14M51 14" 229000

SONY KV-BZ 213M50 21" 239000

SAKURA 14 GI 1485 14" 140000

SAKURA 29 F29 M2 29" 134000

a&cJaowÅm(29-8-2008)



armf',farmf',f




MITSUBISHI MR-F25R 450ç000

MITSUBISHI MR-F62PST-P(504L) 240ç000

STAR AR-150A 250ç000

STAR R-130M (1 door) 700ç000

STAR 18 DR4HA (2door) 480ç000

STAR (Two door) R-130 265ç000

STAR R-170 324ç000

Daewoo(One door) FR 360 495ç000

Daewoo(One door) FR 064 145ç000

Daewoo(Two door) FR 291 355ç000

LG GC-051SNS 145ç000

LG GC-151SNA 195ç000

LG GNV 212 368ç000

SAMSUNG (Two door) RT-24MHBBK 424ç700

SAMSUNG (Two door) RT-21 MGBB/K 403ç000

SAMSUNG (One door) RA 18FHSS/K 270ç500

DVD jypuf(29-8-2008)



armf',farmf',f




LG DVD246K 65ç000

LG DVDP256K 69ç000

STAR B-036 71ç500

STAR B-096(MP4+DC) 57ç500

STAR T51DC 51ç600

STAR T11 62ç300

Daewoo DV 1400S 65ç000

Panasonic DV DS2 95ç000

avat;puf(29-8-2008)

tt

ttt

rsKd;tpm;rsKd;tpm;

rsKd;tpm;rsKd;tpm;rsKd;tpm;

armf',farmf',f




SAMSUNG AW-09P/HDA 245ç000

SAMSUNG AW-12P/HDA 329ç000

SAMSUNG AS-09 WHWD 338ç500

SAMSUNG AS-12 WHWD 328ç000

SAMSUNG Aw-07FISDA 365ç000

STAR MS-12 235ç000

STAR MS-09 248ç000

Daewoo(Splite Type) 1HP DSB 095L 298ç000

Daewoo 1.5HP DSB 125L 358ç500

Daewoo 2HP DSB 189L 505ç000

t0wfavQmfpuf(29-8-2008)



armf',farmf',f




LG WP-750 (Semi Auto) 189ç000

LG WP-900 (Semi Auto) 209ç000

LG WP.S 650(Full Auto) 300ç000

SAMSUNG WA-90R3 281ç900

SAMSUNG WA-90F3 346ç200

SAMSUNG WA-90J7 357ç100

STAR WT-75 H2 159ç000

a[mvpf? rmwkdbm? rdkifvkd?tkdAmwif;? aumfzDrpf (vufvD)

(29-8-2008)trsKd;tpm;trsKd;tpm;




Horlick (900g) 6ç500

Horlick (200g) (tdE´d,) 1ç750

Junior Horlick (400g) 3ç400

Milo (400g) cJxkyf 3ç000

Milo (400g) (ykvif;) 3ç700

Maltova (450g) (eD) 3ç050

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

114


Ovaltine (400g) eD 3ç550

Ovaltine (200g) eD 1ç650

Ovaltine 400g (jzL) 3ç950

Ovaltine 200g (jzL) 2ç250

Ovaltine 400g (puúLbl;jzL) 3ç500

EkdhrIefhbl;(29-8-2008)



EIef;(usyf) EIef;(usyf)

EIef;(usyf) EIef;(usyf) EIef;(usyf)

Dumex (Step 1,2)(900g) 12ç300^11ç200

Dumex (3plus)(700g) 8ç000

Dumex Step 1,2 700g 8ç900? 8ç600

Dumex 1Plus 700g 8ç100

Dumex Ma Ma Plus 400g 7ç100

Dumex Lactose free 400g 7ç900

Nestle qef oHbl; Stage 1 300 g 3ç700

Nestle *sKH oHbl; 5ç800

EkdifiHjcm;t&uf(29-8-2008)





J&BJet(75CI) (12YearsOld) 11ç600

VAT 69 (75CI) 10ç800

Jonnie Walker (Red)(75CI) 11ç700

Jonnie Walker (Red)(37.5CI) 6ç600

Jonnie Walker (Red)(1Liter) 15ç000

Jonnie Walker (Black)(37.5CI) 12ç500

Jonnie Walker (Black)(75CI) 22ç600

Jonnie Walker(Black)(1Liter) 27ç000

Black & White (1Liter) 14ç000

Black & White (75CI) 12ç700

Gold Label (75CI) 39ç600

SCOTTISH LEADER 7ç200

Grand Royal (tjym;)a&Tywf 3ç300

SPY(CLASSIC)(Red) (Wine) 5ç200

Mekhong (75CL) 5ç300

Mekhong (37.5CL) 2ç300

SPEY ROYAL (70Cl) 7ç200

rkefhykH;oHbl;(29-8-2008)





rdom;pk 6ç500

Cream Crackers(Hup Seng) 7ç300

(KHIAN GUAN) Top Choice 6ç700

(HWA TA) Choice 5ç500

(Munchys) Funmix 8ç800

Hwa Tai Wonderful 5ç500

Lee Daily Delight 5ç500

Every Time 5ç500

Summer Day 5ç800

(Shan Fatl) Party 3ç500

(Julie's) Biscuit Assorties 6ç500

(Julie's) Love letters 4ç900

acgufqGJajcmuf(29-8-2008)





Yum Yum (Muufaygif) 150

Yum Yum csOfpyf(ykpGef) 200

Yum Yum (bJom;qDcsuf) 150

Yum Yum (oD;pkHacgufqGJ) 150

MAMEE MumqH 250

MAMEE (½kd;½kd;)(qDcsuf) 150

MAMEE (Muufom;csOfpyf) 150

MAMEE (MuufacgufqGJjyKwf) 150

MAMEE (Muufom;qDcsufacgufqGJ) 150

MAMEE (oufowfvGwfacgufqGJjyKwf) 150

MA MA (csOfpyfacgufqGJjyKwf) 200

Wai Wai (MumqH) (jym) 250

Shin Shin (MumqH) 200

Yum Yum ykpGefrvkdifcsOfpyf 200

Yum Yum Muufom;csOfpyf 200

MA MA n§yfacgufqGJ(pdrf;) 250

MA MA n§yfacgufqGJ(eD) 250

oGm;wkdufaq;(29-8-2008)

trsK d ;tpm;trsK d ;tpm;

trsK d ;tpm;trsK d ;tpm;trsK d ;tpm;

E Ie f ;(usy f)E Ie f ;(usy f)

E Ie f ;(usy f)E Ie f ;(usy f)E Ie f ;(usy f)

Fresh Up bl;BuD; 750

Best-T (125g) White 600

CoIgate (40g) DoubIe CooI Stripe 450

CoI gate (160g) DoubIe CooI Stripe 1ç500

Close-Up (New)(18 g) 200

Close-Up (160g) jym 2ç600

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

115


CoIgate Fresh Cool Mint 200g 1ç800

CoIgate Great Regular 200 g 3ç000

CoIgate Whitening 160g 2ç600

CoIgate gel (pdrf;) 160g 1ç850

3D 450

ukd,fwkdufqyfjym(29-8-2008)

tt

ttt

rsKd;tpm;rsKd;tpm;

rsKd;tpm;rsKd;tpm;rsKd;tpm;



Imperial Leather (65g) 250

Imperial Leather (125g) 450

Fashion 300

Miss 300

DOVE 850

Kanebo 1ç130

YOKO WHITENING Herbal 110g 1ç150

Family Care 125g 450

ASEPSO 750

CAMAY 500

Spa 350

E-Lan 300

LUX 100g 350

KAO 450

Parrot 250

Paris 135g 400

A21 (euf)70g 250

A21 (euf)125g 400

DG Soap 100g 350

acgif;avQmf&nf(29-8-2008)





Head and Shoulder 400g 4ç200



Pantene 400g 4ç200

Pantene 200g 2ç200

Pantene 90g 7ç50

Clinic Clear 380g 4ç350

Clinic Clear 90g 4ç000

Palmolive 100 g 1ç200

Palmolive 200 g 2ç700

Rejoice 100 g 600

Rejoice 200 g 1ç650

jcifaq;acG(29-8-2008)





Jumbo (12)coils 400

Fumakilla (10) coils 250

MARS 250

Fuji 300

Raid 400

ATAK 400

FIGHTER 250

GO! 250

yg&rD 300

MOSFLY 250

a*:ZDvm 400

Spider 300

Golden Lion 2500

Special 350

zkef; - 242424 ? 393192 ?

09-9974343

LIVING COLOR MEDIA

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

116


� TOSHIBA Notebook Satellite L300- OOH003- Intel Celeron 550 2.0 GHz- 512 MB DDR 667- 15.4'' WXGA 200 NIT CSV (Latest Clear Super View) Dispaly- Intel X 3100 GL Graphic- 80 GB HDD- WIFI 802.11g- Builtin 10/100 Ethernet Lan, 56K Fax & Data Modem- DVD RW Super, Card Reader, Web Camera- Intel Graphic 960- 1 Year International Warranty

Price 699,000 Ks

� KMD Basic Model

- Intel Celeron 1.6 GHz (420)(512 KB L2 Cache, 800 MHz)

- MSI M900 Pentium 4 Motherboand (775/DDR2/1066)

with PCIE + Sound + LAN

- 80 GB HDD (Seagate, 7200 RPM) SATA

- 512 MB DDR2 RAM (PC 667, Kingston)

- 15" Color Digital Monitor (Viewsonic)

- 1.44 MB Floppy Disk Drive

- A4 Tech PS II Keyboard , A4 Tech PSII Optical Mouse & Pad

- P4 Tower Casing

Price 382,000 Ks

� CFTG SOHO Computer Intel 775

- Intel P4 Celeron 1.6 GHz Processor

- MSI P4 M900 M/B (Sound+PCIE+LAN Builtin)- 512MB DDRII RAM (PC 400MHz)- 80GB IDE HDD (Seagate, 7200 RPM)- 1.44 MB FDD(Mitsumi)- P4 Tower Casing with 500W Power Supply- PS2 Keyboard, Mouse and Pad

(26-8-2008) - Viewsonic 15'' Digital Monitor (Digital Control)

Price 378,000 Ks

� Lucky Bird P4 Accelerator PC 775

- Intel Pentium 4-775 Core 2 Duo 2.4 GHz (775 CPU)

- ASUS I'ntel 945 Chipset- 1GB DDR RAM- 160 GB HDD SATA- 15" Samsung Monitor- PS2 Keyboard & Optical Mouse & Mouse Pad- P4 ATX Tower Cusing- Free Speaker

Price 509,000 Ks

� KMD CLASSIC MODEL

- Intel Pentium Dual Core 2.0 GHz (1MB, L2 Cache, 800 MHz)

- GIGA 945 GCM S2C Pentium4 Motherboard (775/DDR2/ 1333) (With PCIE+Sound+LAN)

- 512 MB DDR RAM (PC 667 MHz) Kingston

- 80 GB HDD (Seagate, 7200 RPM)

- 15'' SVGA Color Monitor (Viewsonic)

- PS II Keyboard & PS II Optical Scroll Mouse

- Optical Mouse Pad

- P4 Casing (Medium Light)

Price 421,000 Ks

� CFTG Power Computer

- Intel Pentium 4 3.0 F GHz processor (LGA 775)- ASUS GMX M/B Sound + PCIE+ & LAN Built-in- 512 MB DDR RAM (PC 533 MHz)

- 80 GB IDE HDD (Seagate) ,7200 rpm

- 1.44 MB FDD (Mitsumi)

- P4 ATX Tower Casing with 500W Power Supply

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

117


rSwfcsuf/rSwfcsuf/

rSwfcsuf/rSwfcsuf/rSwfcsuf/

/ azmfjyygaps;EIef;rsm;ukd / azmfjyygaps;EIef;rsm;ukd

/ azmfjyygaps;EIef;rsm;ukd / azmfjyygaps;EIef;rsm;ukd / azmfjyygaps;EIef;rsm;ukd Client Focus Technology

Group ? Lucky Bird Co., Ltd.? Concordia International Ltd.

ESifh ESifh

ESifh ESifh ESifh KMD Computer Centre

wkdYrS &,lxm;ygonf/wkdYrS &,lxm;ygonf/

wkdYrS &,lxm;ygonf/wkdYrS &,lxm;ygonf/wkdYrS &,lxm;ygonf/

(t,(t,

(t,(t,(t,

f'Dwm)f'Dwm)

f'Dwm)f'Dwm)f'Dwm)

- PS2 Win 98 Keyboard

- PS2 Mouse & Pad

- 15" SVGA Colour Monitor (Viewsonic)

Price 415,000 Ks

� CFTG High Performance Computer

- Intel Pentium Core 2 Duo 2.22 GHz Processor

- ASUS GCMX M/B 1MB (Sound+ AGP + LAN Built-in)

- 1 GB DDR Ram (PC 400 MHz)

- 1.44 MB Floppy Drive (Mitsumi)

- 160 GB IDE HDD (Seagate PRM 7200)

- P4 Tower Casing with 500W Power Supply

- 15" Digital Color Monitor (Viewsonic / Samsung)

- PS2 Win 98 Keyboard, mouse (PS/2)

- Mouse Pad

Price 518,000 Ks

(txufygaps;EIef;rsm;onf Printer ESifh Multimedia ryg0ifao;

aom uGefysLwmwpfvkH;\ 2008 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 26 &ufaeY aps;EIef;

jzpfonf/ ypönf;wpfrsKd;csif;pD xyfjznfhvJvS,fvdkygu aps;EIef;rsm;rSm

atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf/ tcsdefumvtvkduf tajymif;tvJ&SdEkdifyg

onf/)

� Multimedia

16x DVD ROM (Sony) 29,000 KS

Sony CD Writer (52 x 32 x 52 x) 29,000 Ks

Sony 20 x DVD Writer 39,000 Ks

52 x 32 x 52 x 16 Combo (Sony) 35,000 Ks

20 x DVD Writer (ASUS) 48,000 Ks

Microlab FC 570 Speakers with sub woofer 75,000 Ks

Microlab M-300ll Speakers with sub woofer 58,000 Ks

Microlab FC-361 Speakers with sub woofer 75,000 Ks

� Memory

512 MB (DDR RAM) PC 400 MHz (Kingston) 32,000 Ks

512 MB (DDR 2 RAM) PC 667 MHz (Kingston) 18,000 Ks

1GB (DDR 2 RAM) 667 MHz (Kingston) 27,500Ks



� Storage Device

160 GB (Hitachi) IDE 67,000 Ks

160 GB (Seagate) IDE 69,000 Ks

250 GB (Seagate) SATA 72,000 Ks

320 GB (Seagate) SATA 97,000 Ks

320 GB (Samsung) SATA 96,000 Ks

� Monitor

15" SVGA Color Monitor (Sammie) 91,000 Ks

15" SVGA Color Monitor (Samsung) 113,000 Ks

17" SVGA Color Monitor (Dyna) 105,000 Ks

17" SVGA Color Monitor (NEC) 152,000 Ks

17'' LCD Color Monitor (Samsung) 241,000 Ks

17'' LCD Color Monitor (View Sonic) 242,000 Ks

17" LCD Color Monitor (ASUS) 258,000 Ks

19" LCD Color Monitor (View Sonic) 272,000 Ks

Wide View 1926W

19" LCD Color Monitor (ASUS)Wide View 193T 298,000 Ks

� Printer

Canon Laserjet LPB 2900 Printer (USB) 150,000 Ks

HP Laserjet 2015 Printer (USB) 327,000 Ks

HP Color Laserjet 2600N Printer (USB) 520,000 Ks

HP Laserjet 1005 A Printer (USB) 145,000 Ks

EPSON Acculaser C 1100 725,000 Ks

EPSON C 110 Inkject Printer 150,000 Ks

EPSON C x 9300 F Printer 300,000 Ks

EPSON Dot Matrix Printer-LQ 300+ 227,500 Ks

EPSON Dot Matrix Ptinter LQ 2180 800,000 Ks

EPSON C90 Inkjet Printer 93,000 Ks

EPSON SP 230 Photo Printer 208,000 Ks

EPSON SP 1390 Photo Printer 585,000 Ks

EPSON CX 5500 SPC Printer 156,000 Ks

EPSON 6200 L Laser Printer 218,000 Ks

Fuji Xerox Color Laser DPC 1110 Network Ready 605US$

Fuji Xerox Colour Laser DPC 1110B 480US$

Fuji Xerox Colour Laser Multifunction 2090Fs 1350US$

Fuji Xerox Multifunction WC PE 220 500US$

� Toner

HP 1100/ 1200/ 5L / 6L Toner 66,500 Ks

HP 1010/ 1320/ 1300 Toner 74,500 Ks

HP 2015 Toner 81,500 Ks

Canon 2900 Toner 61,500 Ks

Canon 1120 Toner 61,500 Ks

� Scanner

EPSON Perfection V10 Scanner 120,000 Ks

EPSON Perfection V200 Scanner(A4 Film) 195,000 Ks

HP Flatbed Scanner 2410 (USB) 129,000 Ks

Canon Flatbed Scanner Lide 25 (USB) 71,000 Ks

� UPS

650 VA (Power Tree) Basic 52,000 Ks

1250 VA (Power Tree) 92,000 Ks

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

118

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.txl;aqmif;yg; - pum;0kdif;

]vli,fawGrSm razmfjyEkdifwJUtm;awG&SdNyD;om;}vli,fapwemU0efxrf;rsm;ESifUywfoufaom pum;0kdif;aqG;aEG;yGJ

ausmfEkdif

L.C//

///

//

///tzJ GUtpnf;awG? tzJ GUtpnf;awG?

tzJ GUtpnf;awG? tzJ GUtpnf;awG? tzJ GUtpnf;awG? NGO

awG&JU OD;awG&JU OD;

awG&JU OD;awG&JU OD;awG&JU OD;

aqmifrIeJ Y aqmifrIeJ Y

aqmifrIeJ Y aqmifrIeJ Y aqmifrIeJ Y Volunteer

oGm;vkyfMuwJh vli,fwGxJrSm oGm;vkyfMuwJh vli,fwGxJrSm

oGm;vkyfMuwJh vli,fwGxJrSm oGm;vkyfMuwJh vli,fwGxJrSm oGm;vkyfMuwJh vli,fwGxJrSm

wcsKdUusawmh vpmvkd0ifaiGaxmufyHhrIaumif;aumif;&wcsKdUusawmh vpmvkd0ifaiGaxmufyHhrIaumif;aumif;&

wcsKdUusawmh vpmvkd0ifaiGaxmufyHhrIaumif;aumif;&wcsKdUusawmh vpmvkd0ifaiGaxmufyHhrIaumif;aumif;&wcsKdUusawmh vpmvkd0ifaiGaxmufyHhrIaumif;aumif;&

Muovkd wcsKdUusawmh c&D;p&dwfeJY xrif;p&dwfomomyJMuovkd wcsKdUusawmh c&D;p&dwfeJY xrif;p&dwfomomyJ

Muovkd wcsKdUusawmh c&D;p&dwfeJY xrif;p&dwfomomyJMuovkd wcsKdUusawmh c&D;p&dwfeJY xrif;p&dwfomomyJMuovkd wcsKdUusawmh c&D;p&dwfeJY xrif;p&dwfomomyJ

&MuwmawG&Sdw,f/ wcsKdUqkd&if wpfjym;wpfcsyfrSr&bJ&MuwmawG&Sdw,f/ wcsKdUqkd&if wpfjym;wpfcsyfrSr&bJ

&MuwmawG&Sdw,f/ wcsKdUqkd&if wpfjym;wpfcsyfrSr&bJ&MuwmawG&Sdw,f/ wcsKdUqkd&if wpfjym;wpfcsyfrSr&bJ&MuwmawG&Sdw,f/ wcsKdUqkd&if wpfjym;wpfcsyfrSr&bJ

ukd,fhxrif;ukd,fpm;NyD; vkdufoGm;MuwmawGvnf; awGUukd,fhxrif;ukd,fpm;NyD; vkdufoGm;MuwmawGvnf; awGU

ukd,fhxrif;ukd,fpm;NyD; vkdufoGm;MuwmawGvnf; awGUukd,fhxrif;ukd,fpm;NyD; vkdufoGm;MuwmawGvnf; awGUukd,fhxrif;ukd,fpm;NyD; vkdufoGm;MuwmawGvnf; awGU

&w,f/ uRefawmfwk d Y Mum;od&oavmufqkd &w,f/ uRefawmfwk d Y Mum;od&oavmufqkd

&w,f/ uRefawmfwk d Y Mum;od&oavmufqkd &w,f/ uRefawmfwk d Y Mum;od&oavmufqkd &w,f/ uRefawmfwk d Y Mum;od&oavmufqkd VTA

vkd Yvk d Y

vk d Yvk d Yvk d Y

ac:wJh wkdif;wma&;vkyfief;awGrSm yg0ifvkyfukdifMuwJhac:wJh wkdif;wma&;vkyfief;awGrSm yg0ifvkyfukdifMuwJh

ac:wJh wkdif;wma&;vkyfief;awGrSm yg0ifvkyfukdifMuwJhac:wJh wkdif;wma&;vkyfief;awGrSm yg0ifvkyfukdifMuwJhac:wJh wkdif;wma&;vkyfief;awGrSm yg0ifvkyfukdifMuwJh

Volunteer wcsKdUqkd&if wpf&ufukd 25ç000 avmuf&wcsKdUqkd&if wpf&ufukd 25ç000 avmuf&

wcsKdUqkd&if wpf&ufukd 25ç000 avmuf&wcsKdUqkd&if wpf&ufukd 25ç000 avmuf&wcsKdUqkd&if wpf&ufukd 25ç000 avmuf&

Muw,fvkdY od&w,f/ vli,fawG[m tJ'DaiGaMu;awGMuw,fvkdY od&w,f/ vli,fawG[m tJ'DaiGaMu;awG

Muw,fvkdY od&w,f/ vli,fawG[m tJ'DaiGaMu;awGMuw,fvkdY od&w,f/ vli,fawG[m tJ'DaiGaMu;awGMuw,fvkdY od&w,f/ vli,fawG[m tJ'DaiGaMu;awG

aMumifh aMumifh

aMumifh aMumifh aMumifh Volunteer

pdwf"mwfaysmufroGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/ pdwf"mwfaysmufroGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/

pdwf"mwfaysmufroGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/ pdwf"mwfaysmufroGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/ pdwf"mwfaysmufroGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/

'gawGaMumifh 'gawGaMumifh

'gawGaMumifh 'gawGaMumifh 'gawGaMumifh INGO

awG u0efxrf;awG&JU ykHrSefvkyfcawG u0efxrf;awG&JU ykHrSefvkyfc

awG u0efxrf;awG&JU ykHrSefvkyfcawG u0efxrf;awG&JU ykHrSefvkyfcawG u0efxrf;awG&JU ykHrSefvkyfc

vpmawGa&m b,fvkdjzpfoGm;EkdifygovJ/vpmawGa&m b,fvkdjzpfoGm;EkdifygovJ/

vpmawGa&m b,fvkdjzpfoGm;EkdifygovJ/vpmawGa&m b,fvkdjzpfoGm;EkdifygovJ/vpmawGa&m b,fvkdjzpfoGm;EkdifygovJ/

a'gufwmppfEkdif/a'gufwmppfEkdif/

a'gufwmppfEkdif/a'gufwmppfEkdif/a'gufwmppfEkdif/

//

/// uRefawmfwkdY jrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;&&,f? tm

qD,H&,f? ukvor*¾&,faygif;NyD; Joint Assessment qkdNyD;

rkefwkdif;'PfaMumifh bmawGb,fvkdysufpD;qkH;½IH;oGm;ovJ

qkdwm ppfwrf;aumufMuw,f/ Village Tract Assessment

vkyfief;awGvnf;ygwmaygh/ aus;&GmawGtxd b,favmuf

xdysufpD;oGm;ovJqkdwm avhvmMuwm/ tJ'DrSm ckeuudpöu

ay:vmw,f/ tJ'DtzJGUrSm0kdif;NyD; ulnDMuzkdYac:awmh uRef

awmfwkdYtzJGUuuGif; qif;aeusvli,fawGxnfhay;vkdufw,f/

wjcm;tzJGUawGuvnf; ygMuw,f/ yxrwkef;u 'DtzJGUBuD;

uyJ wpfOD;csif;pDukd aeYwGufp&dwf 150ç00 avmufpDay;

r,fvkdYqkdw,f/ aemufusawmh xifxm;wmuxuf p&dwf

(,cifvrStquf)(,cifvrStquf)

(,cifvrStquf)(,cifvrStquf)(,cifvrStquf)

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


118A

puykdukefwJhtwGuf ray;awmhbJ tzJGUtpnf;awGuvmwJh

vli,fawGukd olYoufqkdif&mtzJGUawGuyJ ay;ygapawmhvkdY

owfrSwfvkdufw,f/ tzJGUBuD;awGu olY[molwwfEkdifovkd

owfrSwfay;Muwmaygh/ wcsKdUu 5000 ay;w,f/ wcsKdUu

6000 ay;w,f/ wcsKdUu vnf; 4000 u pm;zkdYoufouf?

c&D;p&dwfuoufoufqkdNyD; ay;w,f/ tJ'gawGukdMunfhNyD;

uRefawfwkdY bmukdpkd;&drfcJhMuovJqkd vli,ftcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;

wpfuJGwpfjym;jzpfMurvm;aygh/ jyefvmMuwJhvli,fawG ar;

Munhfvkdufawmh olwkdY&JUpdwfxJrSm tJ'Dudpöukd b,fvkdrSrae

bl;/ olwkdYpdwfxJrSm 'g[m wu,fhukdvkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwJh?

b,folYukdrS ar;p&mrvkdawmhwJh vkyfief;BuD;wpfcktaeeJY

vkyfMuwm/ vli,fawGjzpfwJhtwGuf pdwfxJ tJ'gawGr&Sdbl;/

'gayrJh Volunteer awGukd umvwkdwm0efay;wJhtcg

rsKd;rSm bmoGm;awGU&ovJqkd wcsKdU INGO awGu vcpm;0ef

xrf;awGvkd ac:vkdufwmawG&Sdw,f/ vkyfief;umvokH;v?

ajcmufv ponfjzifhaygh/ wcsKdUtzJGUBuD;awGusawmh okH;ESpfpDrH

udef;awGtxd csMuw,f/ tJ'DtzJGUBuD;awGu bmajymMuo

vJqkd Volunteer wm0efxrf;aqmifr,fholukd oif&OD;r,f/

oifp&mawGu trsm;BuD;yJ/ tjyifuvlukdac:vkduf&if tzJGU

tpnf;&JUoabmwkdY? rl0g'wkdYukd jyefxyfoifay;zkdY tcsdefu

r&Sdawmhbl;/ tJ'Dtcg tJ'DtzJGUtpnf;BuD;awGu bmvkyfvm

ovJqkd vuf&Sdwjcm;pDrHcsufawGrSmvkyfaewJh Volunteer awG?

0efxrf;awGukd qJGac:xnfhvkdufw,f/ 0efxrf;awGt wGufu

vpmu yk drsm;oGm;w,f/ 'guawmh Volunteer r

[kwfawmhbl;aygh/ &mxl;wpfqifhwkd;wmrsKd;vnf; jzpfoGm;

w,f/ Field xJoGm;csifatmif enf;enf; Incentive ay;xm;

wJhoabmaygh/ tJ'gukd BudK;pm;yrf;pm;oGm;aeMuw,f/ olwkdY

ukdjyefar;Munfhawmh pDrHcsufu okH;ESpfBuD;rsm;awmif/ e*kdvkyf

aewJh[mxufawmif ykdaumif;ovkdyJvkdY ajymvmMuw,f/

'guwpfykdif;aygh/ 'guvnf; ukd,fh&JUpm;0wfaea&;eJYvkyfief;

wufvrf;awGukdjrifNyD; vkyfMuwmukd;/ tkHeJYusif;eJY trsm;BuD;

vkyfay;aewJhvli,fawGMum;rSmawmh tJ'D[mrsKd; odyfrsm;rsm;

pm;pm; rawGU&bl;/

rkefwkdif;tNyD; wpfvavmufrSm ukvor*¾½kH;awGa&SUrSm

vli,fawG BudwfBudwfwkd;aewmyJ/ tvkyfwpfckckrsm; &rvm;

aygh/ Volunteer pdwf"mwfeJY bmvkyfay;&rvJqkdNyD; vmMunfh

wmawGvnf;ygw,f/ wcsKdUMuawmh tvkyf&Smwmaygh/ 'Dudpö

aMumifh tvkyfae&mawG trsm;BuD;yJay:vmw,f/ &efykHaiGawG

vnf; trsm;BuD;0ifvmw,f/ vlawGuyJ oGm;a&mufjzefYjzL;

ay;&rSmqkdawmh vltiftm;vkdw,f/ Position awGazmfNyD;awmh

tvkyfawG trsm;BuD;ac:Muw,f/ wcsKdUEkdifiHjcm;uae jyef

vmvkyfMuwmawGvnf;&Sdw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm tckxd

awmh wu,fhukd Volunteer pdwf"mwfeJY Certificate awG

vnf; rarQmfvifhbl;? wpfzJGUzJGUuyJ olwkdYukd Permanent jyefcefY

rvm;qkdwJhpdwfvnf; trsm;pkrSm r&SdMubJeJY vkdtyfwmawGukd

vkdtyfwJhtcsdefrSm vkyfMuwmawG ykdrsm;ygw,f/

uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm Civil Society awG &SdNyD;om;yg/ tck

qkd (tzJGUtpnf;awGzJGUzkdY b,folurSvnf; rwkdufwGef;bJ?

wcsKdUvnf; tzJGUtpnf;&,fvkdYawmif rcHpm;MubJeJY) tzJGU

uav;awGzJGUNyD;awmh vkyfief;awGvkyfMuw,f/ wpfckckem

rnfaumufwwfNyD; vkyfvkdufMuwmrsKd;/ Oyrm-vrf; 30 rd

om;pkvkdaygh/ aemif 'Dvrf; 30 rdom;pkemrnfBuD;eJY bmvkyfzkdYrS

vnf; r&nf&G,fygbl;/ 'gayrJh u,fq,fa&;oGm;wJhtcgrSm

pkpkpnf;pnf;eJY b,folawGygqkdwJh Identity av;wpfckay:&if

NyD;a&mqkdNyD; oGm;vkyfMuwmrsKd;vnf; &Sdw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYu

[Jh . . . vkyfMuyg[Jhvkd vkdufNyD;wkdufwGef;&ifawmif vkyfjzpfcsif

rSvkyfjzpfMurSm/ wpfzufuvnf; wpfzJGUeJYwpfzJGU wpfOD;eJY

wpfOD; csdwfqufNyD;vkyfEkdifwJh tcGifhtvrf;enf;wJhtwGuf

enf;enf;av;awmh [muGufawG &Sdaumif;&Sdr,f/

L.C//

///

//

///'DvkdrsKd; pdwf"mwfawG vli,fawGrSm'DvkdrsKd; pdwf"mwfawG vli,fawGrSm

'DvkdrsKd; pdwf"mwfawG vli,fawGrSm'DvkdrsKd; pdwf"mwfawG vli,fawGrSm'DvkdrsKd; pdwf"mwfawG vli,fawGrSm

ray:aygufatmif avhusifhay;wmutp oGm;&r,fhae&mray:aygufatmif avhusifhay;wmutp oGm;&r,fhae&m

ray:aygufatmif avhusifhay;wmutp oGm;&r,fhae&mray:aygufatmif avhusifhay;wmutp oGm;&r,fhae&mray:aygufatmif avhusifhay;wmutp oGm;&r,fhae&m

awGrSm qifjcifoifhwmawGtqkH;aygh/ pDrHcefYcJ GwJholawGawGrSm qifjcifoifhwmawGtqkH;aygh/ pDrHcefYcJ GwJholawG

awGrSm qifjcifoifhwmawGtqkH;aygh/ pDrHcefYcJ GwJholawGawGrSm qifjcifoifhwmawGtqkH;aygh/ pDrHcefYcJ GwJholawGawGrSm qifjcifoifhwmawGtqkH;aygh/ pDrHcefYcJ GwJholawG

a'gufwmppfEkdifa'gufwmppfEkdif

a'gufwmppfEkdifa'gufwmppfEkdifa'gufwmppfEkdif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


118 B

bufrSmyJ wm0ef&S dw,fvkdY ,lqygovm;/ tu,fíbufrSmyJ wm0ef&S dw,fvkdY ,lqygovm;/ tu,fí

bufrSmyJ wm0ef&S dw,fvkdY ,lqygovm;/ tu,fíbufrSmyJ wm0ef&S dw,fvkdY ,lqygovm;/ tu,fíbufrSmyJ wm0ef&S dw,fvkdY ,lqygovm;/ tu,fí

tJ'geJYywfoufvkdY jyóemwpfpkHwpf&may:cJh&ifvnf;tJ'geJYywfoufvkdY jyóemwpfpkHwpf&may:cJh&ifvnf;

tJ'geJYywfoufvkdY jyóemwpfpkHwpf&may:cJh&ifvnf;tJ'geJYywfoufvkdY jyóemwpfpkHwpf&may:cJh&ifvnf;tJ'geJYywfoufvkdY jyóemwpfpkHwpf&may:cJh&ifvnf;

pDrHcefYcJGwJhbufrSmyJ ay:r,fvkdYyg ,lqygovm;/pDrHcefYcJGwJhbufrSmyJ ay:r,fvkdYyg ,lqygovm;/

pDrHcefYcJGwJhbufrSmyJ ay:r,fvkdYyg ,lqygovm;/pDrHcefYcJGwJhbufrSmyJ ay:r,fvkdYyg ,lqygovm;/pDrHcefYcJGwJhbufrSmyJ ay:r,fvkdYyg ,lqygovm;/



//

/// Management twGuf BuD;rm;wJhjyó

emygyJ/ tukefvkH;ukd wm0ef,lxm;&wmukd;/ uGif;xJqif;wkef;

a&wGif;xJjyKwfusr,fh tEÅ&m,fowday;&wmutpaygh/ jzpf

orQjyóem wm0ef,l&Sif;&rSmqkdwJh udpöBuD;u acgif;ay:

tNrJa&mufa&mufvmw,f/

'gawG[m vkdtyfcsufawG&SdvkdY vkyfay;zkdYay:vmwJhudpö

yJ/ jrefjrefqefqefvkyf&r,f/ odyfNyD;tcsdefqJGaevkdYr&bl;/

ukdif;vmMua[hqkdNyD; tzJGUzJGUNyD;awmh nd§EIdif;Mu&atmif? 'Dvkd

av;vkyfMu&ifaumif;rvm;? cHpm;cJh&wJholawGvnf; ac:ar;

MunfhygOD;qkdNyD; cgwkdif;vkyfaeusykHpHrsKd;eJY oGm;vkyfaevkdY r&

bl;/ jrefjrefqefqefaqmif&GufrS&r,f/ jrefjrefvkyfawmh bm

jzpfvmovJqkd trSm;uawmhygrSmyJ/ 'gukdvnf; vufcHNyD;

om;yg/ tzJGUawGrSmvnf;rSm;r,f/ wpfOD;csif;rSmvnf;rSm;r,f/

rSm;Ekdifw,frvkyfMueJYa[hqkd&if ykdNyD;'ku©a&mufMuzkdYyJ&Sdawmh

w,f/ rSm;rSmukd vufcHxm;NyD;awmh jrefjrefqefqefvkyf/ jref

jrefqkH;jzwfcsufcs? jrefjrefoGm;/ tJ'DvkdvTwfvkdufMuvkdY NyD;wJh

tcg tJ'gawG&JUtusKd;qufu jyefwufvmvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dvkd

vTwfvkdufvkdY tJ'DvkdjzpfoGm;NyDaygh/

tJ'DrSm apwemh0efxrf;ppfppfykHpHeJY vTwfvkdufwJholawG

ukd uRefawmfwkdYu wpfzufu bmpOf;pm;rdvmovJqkd olwkdY&JU

&ykdifcGifhawGukdrsm; uRefawmfwkdYu tvJGokH;pm;vkyfrdovm;

aygh/ tjrwfxkwfrdovm;aygh/ tEÅ&m,fMum;uvkyfaeMu&

wJhtwGuf tJ'Dvkdrjzpf&atmif pOf;pm;ay;vm&w,f/ pufavS

eJY ta0;BuD;oGm;&wJhc&D;awGukd w,fvDzkef;ygatmif ay;vkduf

w,f/ Life Jacket ay;vkdufw,f/ pm;p&maomufp&mtjynfh

ay;vkdufw,f/ rsKd;pkH0kdif;yHhykd;ay;Muwmaygh/ wpfckckBuKH&if

aemufuvkdufzkdY um;t&efoifhvkyfxm;wmawG&Sdw,f/ wcsKdU

usawmhvnf; c&D;rSmokH;zkdY aiGtvkHtavmufxnfhay;vkduf

wmawG&Sdw,f/ Allowance ukdawmh wwfEkdifwJhtzJGUBuD;awG

uay;w,f/ enf;enf;ay;wm&Sdw,f? rsm;rsm;ay;Ekdifwmvnf;

&Sdw,f/ vkH;vkH;ukd ray;Ekdifwmvnf;&Sdw,f/ wcsKdU apwemh

0efxrf;awmufavQmufvkyfvmwJhtzJGUBuD;awGqkd ray;Ekdifbl;/

ay;wJhtzJGUawGu [m . . . igwkdY 'DvlawGukd Volunteer pdwf

"mwfysufatmif vkyfrdovm;aygh/ ray;wJhtzJGUawGuvnf;

[m . . . igwkdYawmh 'DvlawGukd acgif;ykHjzwfckdif;aprdovm;

aygh/ tJ'gawGukd uRefawmfwkdYu csdefvm&w,f/ Oyrmav;

wpfckay;&&if tzJGUwpfzJGUu ynm&Sif0efxrf;awG topfac:

cefYNyD; tJ'D rkefwkdif;oifha'oawGukd vTwfw,f/ tawGUtBuKH

vkH;0r&SdwJh tJ'Dynm&SifawGukday;vkdufwJhvpmu tJ'DtzJGU

tpnf;rSma&m wjcm;tzJGUtpnf;awGrSmyg ykHrSefvkyfaeMuwJht

awGUtBuKH&SdNyD; uRrf;usifrIvnf;&SdwJh Xmeqkdif&mawG? a'ocH

tmPmykdifawGeJY'ku©onfawGtMum; qufoG,fwJhwm0ef,l&

ao;wJh pDrHcefYcJGrIwm0efvnf;,l&w,fqkdwJholawG&JUvpm

xuf ESpfqjzpfaew,f/ olwkdYukdar;Munfhawmh tJ'DvkdrSay;NyD;

rac:&ifvnf; vlawG&rSm r[kwfbl;aygh/ olwkdY[m pdwf"mwf

&Sdovm;qkd&if &Sdw,f/ BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI&Sdovm;qkd&if &Sd

w,f/ 'Dvkd Skill &SdwJh vli,fawGukd tzJGUtpnf;awGu [kdu

qJG'DuqJGeJY awmfawmf&Sm;vmw,f/ vkyfief;vkdtyfcsuft&

tawGUtBuKHr&Sdao;wJhvli,fawGukdyJ vkdtyfr,fxifo

avmufay;NyD;ac:w,f/ 'DhxuftawGUtBuKHtrsm;BuD;eJY wpf

jynfvkH;rSmvkyfaeMuwJh vli,fawG&JUvpm&JU ESpfqavmuf

jzpfukefa&m/ wcsKdUae&mawGrSm olNydKifukd,fNydKifay;&ifeJY tdrf

vcawG? rDwmcawGutp aps;wufukefa&m/ tJ'g jzpfoifh

ovm;? rjzpfoifhbl;vm; tcsdef,lNyD; aqG;aEG;wkdifyif&r,fh

tajctaer&Sdbl;jzpfoGm;wmayghaemf/ vykdif;avmufumv

xJrSm tNyD;vkyf&r,fqkd&ifawmh 'Dvkdac:okH;&r,fqkdwm jzpf

aew,f/ apwemh0efxrf;tykdif;rSm tJ'Djyóem&Sdw,f/

'gayrJh 0efxrf;vkyfraewJholawGu tawGUtBuKHr&Sd

wmvnf; ygw,f/ pdwfxJrSm 'gukdxnfhpOf;pm;raebl;/ 'D

Field xJrSm ightwGuf bmxl;rvJqkd rar;bl;/ b,favmuf

ay;rSmvnf;rar;bl;/ ac:vkdufwmeJY vmvkdufMuwmyJ/ olwdkY

OD;aZmfxl;OD;OD;aZmfxl;OD;

OD;aZmfxl;OD;OD;aZmfxl;OD;OD;aZmfxl;OD;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


118C

Field xJrqif;cif ukd,fuawmif vkdufowday;ae&w,f/

[Jh . . . 'grvkyfeJYaemf? a&xJoGm;&rSm owdxm;OD;/ [kd[mawG

avQmufrpm;eJY/ wpfckckqkd zkef;vSrf;qufaemf/ tEÅ&m,ftjzpf

rcHeJY/ ukd,fuawmif jyefowday;rSmae&ao;wm/ pdwf"mwf

wuf<uNyD; tEÅ&m,fukdBudKrodrSmpkd;vkdY tEÅ&m,fawGu &SdNyD;

om;/ tJ'gav;awGukd xdef;NyD;vkyfay;ae&w,f/



//

///

//

/// Volunteer taeeJY 'Dudpöu odyfjyó

emr&Sdbl;/ uRefawmfwkdYqDu Volunteer vli,fav;awGu

tJ'DukdoGm;zkdYtwGuf wHqdyfuav;ygwJh tusÐuav;0wf&&if?

*smpDuav;ukd0wf&&if? &ifbwfwHqdyfuav;wyf&&ifukdyJ

auseyfaeMuw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYjrefrmEkdifiHrSm vkyfaeMuwJh

Volunteer awGu bmvkdcsifovJqkd olwkdYukdtodtrSwfjyKcH

apcsifw,f/ 'DvkdrsKd;udpörSm wHqdyfuav;awGwyf? tusÐqif

wluav;0wfNyD; 0kdif;vkyfMu&wmukd MunfEl;w,f/

'gayrJh tzJGUtpnf;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u a&&SnftwGuf

okH;ESpfavmuftxd Plan qJGxm;wmawG&Sdw,f/ tJ'DrSm 'Dvkd

Volunteer vkyf&if;uae tcGifhtvrf; (Opportunity) ay:

vmw,fvkdY ajymvkdY&w,f/ uRefawmfawGU&oavmufqkd

NGO awGu tvkyfawGac:wJhtcsdefrSm Volunteer vkyfwJhol

awGa&m? wjcm; Volunteer vkyfzkdY pdwfrygwJholawGtwGufyg

tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;awG ay:vmw,f/ ay:vmwJhtcg

usawmh tzJGUtpnf;toD;oD;ukd tvkyfavQmufw,f/ tJ'DrSm

bmawGU&ovJqkd tzJGUtpnf;wpfcku cefYvkdufw,f/ a':vm

200 ay;w,f/ tJ'DrSmvkyfae&if; [kdbuftzJJGUtpnf;ukd xyf

avQmufMunfhwJhtcg 500 ay;w,f/ 'DrSmu olYukd 200 eJY

cefYvkdufwJh Appointment u xGufaeNyD/ olu r&Sdawmhbl;/

[kdbuf 500 ay;wJhqDa&mufoGm;w,f/ 'gwu,fjzpfaewm

aemf/ wpfykdif;uajym&&if tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;taeeJYu

awmh aumif;wmaygh/

aemuf . . . . vmavQmufwJholawG? 0ifvkyfwJholawGrSm

vnf; ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ yxrwpfrsKd;u tawGUtBuKHvkdcsifvkdY/

'DrSm0ifvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh EkdifiHwumeJYywfoufwJh tawGUtBuKH

awG? vkyfief;tawGUtBuKHawG olwkdYu vkdcsifw,f/ aemuf

wpfrsKd;u 'Dvkdvkyf&if;uae olYtwGuf Survival (&yfwnfzkdY)

twGuf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;taeeJY vrf;aMumif;wpfck

avQmufzdkYtwGuf rSef;xm;w,f/ 'gu Volunteer awGbufu

Side / aemufwpfcku Staff awGbufu Side / vuf&Sd

NGO awGrSm 0efxrf;awG cefYxm;wmawG&Sdw,f/ tJ'D0efxrf;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


118 D

OD;at;ausmfOD;at;ausmf

OD;at;ausmfOD;at;ausmfOD;at;ausmf

awG&JUvpmeJY tckay:vmwJh Nargis Operation BuD;&JUvpmu

ESpfqokH;q uGmw,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dbufu NGO BuD;awGrSm

vkyfaeMuwJh? Training awGtrsm;BuD;wufxm;wJh? vkyfief;t

awGUtBuKHawG trsm;BuD;&Sdxm;olawGusawmh ([kdbufrSm

1000 ay;NyD; 'DbufrSm ykHrSef 500 avmufyJ&aewJholawGus

awmh) awmfawmfrsm;rsm; Feel jzpfMuw,f/ 'g tzJGUtpnf;

awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm awGU&w,f/ tzJGUtpnf;wpfckqkdvkdY&Sd&if

Nargis twGuf Logistic ukd EkdifiHjcm;om;tBuD;tuJu

BudKufvkdY a':vm 1500 ay;w,f/ 'DbufrSm tJ'DtzJGUtpnf;

&JU tjrifhqkH;vpmu 600 avmufyJ&Sdw,f/ 'Dbufu0efxrf;

awGu uefYuGufMuw,f/ [kdvlawGonf wu,fhukd Skillfull

jzpfovm;qkd rjzpfbl;/ ½kwfw&uf ay:vm&wm/ 'Dbufu

tiftm;ukd jznfh&wJhoabmaygh/ [kd bufukdoGm;zkdYtwGuf

'Dbuf Head Quarter (½kH;csKyf) u 0efxrf; ta,muf 20 eJY

ravmufvkdY aemufxyfta,muf 20 cefY&wJhtrsKd;yJ/ Spe-

cial Chance rsKd; vcukd wifvkdufwJhtcgusawmh 'DbufrSm

0efxrf;awG rausreyfjzpfukefa&m/ tJ'g bmoGm;awGU&ovJ

qkdawmh olwkdYEkdifiHwumrSmay;aewJh 0efxrf;vpmEIef;xm;eJY

jynfwGif;rSmvkyfaewJh jrefrm0efxrf;awG&JUvpm uGmwJh

oabmyJ/

'DrSm INGO wpfcku Delegate (ukd,fpm;vS,f) wpf

a,mufqkd vpmwpfaomif;cJGtxd&w,f/ uRefawmfwkdY jrefrm

0efxrf;awGxJu tjrifhqkH;vkyfaewJholqkd 1000? 1500

avmufyJ&w,f/ International NGO awGjzpfayr,fh Mode

u International Mode r[kwfbJ jrefrmhenf;vrf;eJYyJjzpfae

w,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDu Technician awGqkd&if vpmu

uRefawmfwkdYeJY 10 qavmuf uGmw,f/ at;at;aq;aq;

vkyfae&wm/ 'gawGu vuf&Sd INGO awGu wm0ef&SdwJhol

awG&JUtykdif;yJ/ pOf;pm;&r,fhtcsufyJ/ uRefawmfwkdYwif r[kwf

ygbl;/ zHGUNzdK;qJEkdifiHawGrSm Local Staff awGukd vpmay;wm

awmfawmfenf;w,f/ 'g Staff tykdif;/

ckeu Volunteer ukdyg yg'D,HaMu; 5000 ay;w,f?

10000 ay;w,fqkdwmvnf; olYtzJGUtpnf;u owfrSwfcsuf

t&ay;wmyJ/ 'gayrJh wu,fh Volunteer awGtaeeJYu

txufvlBuD;wpfa,mufa,muf todtrSwfjyKwmyJjzpfjzpf?

uwfjym;av;wpfckay;wmukdyJjzpfjzpf? tusÐav;wpfxnf

ay;wmyJjzpfjzpf? wHqdyfav;wpfckay;wmyJjzpfjzpf auseyf

w,f/ b,favmuf&w,fqkdwmukd olwkdYpdwfxJrSm odyfNyD;r&Sd

bl;/ vkyf&w,fqkdwmukdyJ wefzkd;xm;w,f/



//

///

//

/// 'Dtoif;tzGJUu aeYwGuf 5000 ay;

w,f/ 'Dtoif;u 2000 yJay;w,f/ [kdwpfzGJUu 10000

ay;w,f/ 'DwpfzGJUusawmh wpfjym;rSray;bl;qkdwJhtay:rSm

Volunteer awG b,fvkdjzpfrvJayghaemf/ uRefawmfwkdY Man-

agement rSm Expectancy Theory qkdwm&Sdw,f/ ukd,fpkduf

xkwfvkduf&wJh Effort (tm;xkwfrI) yrmPeJY ukd,fay;vkduf&

wJhtcsdefyrmP? ukd,f&JU ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmaom tawGUtMuHK

awG tJ'gawGeJYwefwmukd &ovm;qkdwmukdwkdif;wJh oDtkd&D

aygh/ tJ'D[mupvkyfuwnf;u 0ifaiG (Earning) qkdwJho

abm? pD;yGm;jzpfqkdwJhoabmawGeJY vkyfMuwJholawGqDrSmyJ

trsm;qHk;&Sdr,f/ Volunteer wu,fvkyfwJholawGqDrSmu

tJ'grsKd; odyfr&Sdavmufbl;/ tJ'DoDtkd&Du Staff awGrSm oHk;Ekdif

w,f/ Volunteer awGrSm roHk;wJhtwGuf BuD;rm;wJh Impact

(tusKd;oufa&mufrI) &SdrSmr[kwfbl;vkdY uRefawmfwkdYxif

w,f/

aemufwpfcsufu Information Management Unit &Sd

ae&if odyfaumif;w,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH&JU Information Flow

ayghaemf/ Transparency eJYvnf; qkdifw,f/ UNDP Project

rSm 1986 uae 1992 txdvkyfwkef;u uRefawmfwkdYeJYvufwGJ

vkyfvmwJh Expert u uRefawmfhycHk;ukdzufNyD;awmh ]]cifAsm;wkdY

jrefrmawG atmifjrifBuD;yGm;wkd;wufEIef; aES;&wmu cifAsm;

wkdYrSm csKdY,Gif;csufenf;enf;&Sdw,f/ rif;wkdYjrefrmawG Com-

munication nHhw,fvkdY ajymw,f}} uRefawmfu [kwfw,f

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


118E

vkdY csufcsif;0efcHvkdufw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkd&if &SufvkdY&,f?

aMumufvkdY&,f/ tm;emvkdY&,f rajymjzpfwm/ ckeu 'Dbufu

5000 &NyD; [kdbufu 10000 &w,fqkdwJh Information

cHpm;cGifhawGeJYywfoufwJh Flow u trsm;BuD;rjywwfbl;/

b,f NGO u b,fNrdKUrSm b,favmufay;xm;ovJqkdwJh

w&m;0ifxkwfjyefxm;wmvJ r&Sdbl;/ 0ifMunfh&wJh Website

vnf;r&Sdbl;/ vkdufvnf;raMunmbl;/ tJ'Dawmh Informa-

tion Flow enf;jcif;? Communication nHhjcif;? Transpar-

ency rjzpfjcif;aMumifh tJ'D Impact uenf;w,f/ tpu

wnf;u Expectancy oDtkd&DeJY rwGufbl;/ b,favmuf

&if;&if b,favmufjyef&r,fqkdwmvnf; rwGufwwfawmh

Volunteer avmurSm odyfjyóemr&SdEkdifbl;/ jyóemu

Staff bufrSmyJ ay:vmr,f/ Management bufu tJ'Dudpö

ukd Strategy csNyD; aqG;aEG;oifhNyD/ 'gayrJh 'DaumifBuD;u

a&&SnfrSmawmh jzpfroGm;Ekdifbl;/ olY&JU oufwrf;umv oHk;

ESpfxJrSmyJ 'Dudpö &yfoGm;vdrfhr,f/ 'Dudpöu aemufxyf Di-

saster awG xyfrjzpfcJh&if Staff tay:vmwJh Impact u

Medium Term yJ jzpfoGm;Ekdifw,f Long Term awmh rjzpfEkdif

bl;/ 'g Volunteer eJY Staff taMumif; uRefawmfaqG;aEG;

wmyg/

OD;aZmfEk difOD;aZmfEk dif

OD;aZmfEk difOD;aZmfEk difOD;aZmfEk dif

//

///

//

/// Volunteer pdwf"mwf t&if;cHNyD; 'g[m

vlom;wpfa,muftaeeJY aqmif&Guf&r,fhudpövkdYcH,lNyD;

aqmif&Gufw,fqkd&if b,favmufyJ&&? r&&? cH,lcsufBuD;

rm;&if tusKd;aus;Zl;vnf;BuD;rm;rSmyg/ cH,lcsufBuD;rm;wJhol

wpf a,mufu b,favmuf&w,f? r&w,feJYrqkdifbl;/ Cre-

ativity (wDxGifaqmif&GufrI) &Sdvmw,f/ r&&atmifaqmif

&Gufr,fhpdwf"mwf&Sdvmw,f/ ra&mufa&mufatmifoGm;r,f

qkdwJhcGeftm;awG &Sdvmw,f/ tJ'Dtcg

us&if tusKd;aus;Zl;cHpm;&wJh avab;

oifh'ku©onfta&twGuf ykdrsm;vm

r,f/ uRefawmfajymcJhwJh Multiplication

Effect / Synergy Effect wkdYvkdaygh/

'Dvli,fawGomryg&if 'ku©onfawG

tusKd;cHpm;&rI ta&twGuf b,f

avmufawmifenf;oGm;rvJaygh/

jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mxm;wm wpfck

&Sdw,fav/ anmifaphavmufvSLay

r,fh anmifyifBuD;avmuf&&if&r,f/

anmifyifBuD;avmufvSLayr,fh anmif

aphavmufyJ&&if&r,f/ aiGaMu; trsm;

BuD;&ayr,fh enf;enf;av;yJvkyf&wJh

ol&Sdovkd aiGaMu; wpfjym;rSr&bJ rsm;rsm;vkyfEkdifwJholawG

vnf;&Sdw,f/ yxrqHk;u cH,lcsufta&;BuD;w,f/ 'kwd,u

olUrSm tJ'Dvkyfief;wm0efawGukd aqmif&GufEkdifr,fhcGeftm;

(pdwf"mwf? ÓPfynm? enf;ynm? twwfynm oHk;pGJEkdifrI

awG) &SdzkdYvkdw,f/ tJ'DcGeftm;awGjrifhav olaMumifh tusKd;

aus;Zl;jzpfxGef;wJh 'ku©onfta&twGuf rsm;jym;avyJ/ olYukd

25000 yJay;ay;? 2500 yJay;ay; olY&JUtusKd;aus;Zl;? ol

aqmif&GufEkdifrIpGrf;tm;qkdwm ol&JUcGeftm;awGtay:yJ rlwnf

ygw,f/ olU&JUtusKd;aus;Zl;? olaqmif&GufrIpGrf;tm;qkdwm

ol&JUcGeftm;awG tay:yJrlwnfygw,f/ ol&JUcH,lcsufcGeftm;?

wwfuRrf;rIcGeftm;? ÓPfynmcGeftm;awGaygh/

OD;ol&defxGef;OD;ol&defxGef;

OD;ol&defxGef;OD;ol&defxGef;OD;ol&defxGef;

//

///

//

/// tck em*pfrkefwkdif;jzpfvmNyD;aemufrS

txl;ojzifh EkdifiHwumu ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;awG? ukv

or*¾r[kwfwJh EkdifiHwum vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;awG 0ifvmNyD;

olwkdYawG&JU u,fq,fa&;eJY jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;awG

ukd taumiftxnfazmfzkdY 0efxrf;tiftm;pkaqmif;vmwJh

tcgrSm vli,fawGtwGuf tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;awG

trsm;BuD;ay:vmw,f/ olwkdY EkdifiHwumrSm u,fq,fa&;

vkyfom;awGukd ay;wJhvpmEIef;twkdif;ay;wJhtcg ckeuajym

wJhwpf&ufukd jrefrmaiG 25000 avmuftxd&MuwJh tcGifh

ta&;awGay:vmcJhw,f/ ukd,fhEkdifiHrSm vli,fawGtwGuf 'Dvkd

tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;awG? 'DvkdvpmawG &&SdwmawGukd

ajym&&ifwu,fhukd 0rf;omp&mraumif;wJhudpöyg/ apwemh

0efxrf;tvkyfvkyf&if;eJY olwkdYrdom;pkawGtay: wpfzufwpf

vrf; taxmuftuljzpfoGm;w,fqkdwJh tcGifhta&;ay:vm

w,f/ 'gayrJh 'DvkdtcGifhta&;&wJhol ta&twGufu tuefY

towf &Sdaeao;w,f/ tJ'DtkyfpkxJygMuwJholawGu ukd,fh

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


118 F



&JUrl&if;pdwfaygh/ u,fq,fa&;vkyfr,f/ 'ku©onfawGukd ig

wkdY&JUcGeftm;awGeJY tjrefqHk;ulnDr,fqkdwJh pdwf"mwft&if;cHu

ta&;BuD;w,f/ 'Dwpf'*F&&SdwJhtusKd;tjrwftay:rSm rom

,moGm;MuzkdY vkdw,f/ 'Dom,mrItcGifhta&;awGu b0wpf

oufwmtwGuf ta&;BuD;wJhudpör[kwfbl;/ ukd,fhpdwfxJrSm

wu,f&SdaewJh pdwf"mwft&if;cH? apwemt&if;cHawGuom

b0wpfoufwmtwGuf tusKd;ay;rSm/ 'Dwpf'*FrSm&wJh tcGifh

ta&;[m wpf'*FtwGufyJjzpfw,f/ oluawmh tcGifhta&;

'DxJrSm a&G;cs,fcH&w,f/ iguawmh a&G;cs,frcH&bl;qkdNyD;

'DvkdtcGifh ta&;r&vkdY tm;i,fNyD; e*kd&nf&G,fxm;wJh vlrIa&;

u,fq,fa&;pdwf"mwfawG aysmufoGm;wmrsKd;? 'DtcGifhta&;

ay:rSmoGm;NyD;om,mrdwmrsKd;? 'DtcGifhta&;r&&SdvkdY ukd,f&JU

rl&if;&nf&G,fcsufaysmufoGm;wmrsKd;rjzpfzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f/

wpf&ufukd ESpfaomif;? ESpfaomif;cGJavmuf&wJYvli,fawG

taeeJYuvnf; owdxm;&rSmu iguawmh wpf&ufukd ESpf

aomif;? ESpfaomif;cGJ&wJh t&nftcsif;&SdwJholjzpfw,fqkdwJh

pdwfBuD;0ifoGm;NyD; owfrSwfxm;wJh Project umvjynfhvkdY

'Dtvkyfukd qufrvkyf&awmhwJhtcsdefrSm wpfcsdefwkef;u&xm;

wJhvpmtjrihfBuD;ukd pOf;pm;NyD; awmf½Hkwef½HkvpmavmufeJY

igawmhrxkdufwefbl;qkdwJhpdwfrsKd; r0ifrdMuzkdYvkdw,f/ wpfcg

tcGifhta&;&zl;wmeJY ukd,fht&nftcsif;[m 'DavmufvpmeJYrS

xkdufwefr,fqkdwJh[mrsKd; rpOf;pm;rdzkdY? rmerwufoGm;MuzkdY

ajymcsifygw,f/

L.C//

///

//

///uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm 'DavmufBuD;rm;uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm 'DavmufBuD;rm;

uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm 'DavmufBuD;rm;uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm 'DavmufBuD;rm;uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm 'DavmufBuD;rm;

wJh wJh

wJh wJh wJh Disaster

rsKd; tckrSyJ BuHKzl;wmayghaemf/ rsK d; tckrSyJ BuHKzl;wmayghaemf/

rsK d; tckrSyJ BuHKzl;wmayghaemf/ rsK d; tckrSyJ BuHKzl;wmayghaemf/ rsK d; tckrSyJ BuHKzl;wmayghaemf/ Disaster

awGukdawmif odyfrBuHKzl;awmh awGukdawmif odyfrBuHKzl;awmh

awGukdawmif odyfrBuHKzl;awmh awGukdawmif odyfrBuHKzl;awmh awGukdawmif odyfrBuHKzl;awmh Disaster Management

tykdif;rSm tm;enf;wm? vkdtyfwmawG trsm;BuD;&SdrSmyJ/tykdif;rSm tm;enf;wm? vkdtyfwmawG trsm;BuD;&SdrSmyJ/

tykdif;rSm tm;enf;wm? vkdtyfwmawG trsm;BuD;&SdrSmyJ/tykdif;rSm tm;enf;wm? vkdtyfwmawG trsm;BuD;&SdrSmyJ/tykdif;rSm tm;enf;wm? vkdtyfwmawG trsm;BuD;&SdrSmyJ/

tck tck

tck tck tck Volunteer

oGm;vkyfwJholawGtaeeJY oGm;vkyfwJholawGtaeeJY

oGm;vkyfwJholawGtaeeJY oGm;vkyfwJholawGtaeeJY oGm;vkyfwJholawGtaeeJY Diseaster

eJY eJ Y

eJ Y eJ Y eJ Y

ywfoufvkdY pepfwusavhusifhoifMum;xm;wmrsKd;r&SdywfoufvkdY pepfwusavhusifhoifMum;xm;wmrsKd;r&Sd

ywfoufvkdY pepfwusavhusifhoifMum;xm;wmrsKd;r&SdywfoufvkdY pepfwusavhusifhoifMum;xm;wmrsKd;r&SdywfoufvkdY pepfwusavhusifhoifMum;xm;wmrsKd;r&Sd

awmh vkyfief;cGif (awmh vkyfief;cGif (

awmh vkyfief;cGif (awmh vkyfief;cGif (awmh vkyfief;cGif (Field

) awGxJrSm toHk;wnfh&JUvm;/) awGxJrSm toHk;wnfh&JUvm;/

) awGxJrSm toHk;wnfh&JUvm;/) awGxJrSm toHk;wnfh&JUvm;/) awGxJrSm toHk;wnfh&JUvm;/

tH0ifcGifus jzpf&JUvm;/tH0ifcGifus jzpf&JUvm;/

tH0ifcGifus jzpf&JUvm;/tH0ifcGifus jzpf&JUvm;/tH0ifcGifus jzpf&JUvm;/



//

/// uRefawmfwkdY tzGJUtpnf;awmfawmfrsm;

rsm;oGm;vkyfaeMuwmawGu Relief (u,fq,fa&;) eJYywf

oufvkdY odyftawGUtMuHKawGr&SdMuao;bl;/ Relief oGm;vkyf

ay;cJh&wmawG&SdcJhayr,fh 'Davmuf BuD;BuD;rm;rm; vkyf&wmrsKd;

r&SdcJhzl;bl;/ jzpfaewkef; (rkefwkdif;wkdufaewkef;) awmifrS

rwGufqwwfMubl;/ 'DrSmav 'DavmufEIef; wkdufae&if [kdrSm

awmh b,favmufwkdufaeNyDaygh/ &efukefrSmyJ tqkd;qHk;vkdYyJ

xifcJhrdwm/ NyD;NyD;csif;bmvkyf&rSef;rodao;bl;/ [kdar;onf

ar;? tifwmeufxJrSm tcsuftvufawG&Sm? pmtkyfawG

aumufvSefeJY/ yGifhyGifhvif;vif;0efcH&&if vkyfwwfvkdY vkyfMu

wmawmh r[kwfbl;/ 'gukd taMumif;jyKNyD;awmhvnf; vkyf

wwfwJh? pDrHwwfwJh? tawGUtMuHK&SdwJholawGukdac:&wmawG

&Sdw,f/ vkyf&if;eJYyJoifoGm;wJhyHkpHrsKd;u rsm;w,f/

uRefawmfwkdYtzGJUtpnf;qdk Relief tzGJUtpnf;r[kwf

bl;/ yHkrSeftm;jzifh b,fwkef;urS Relief rqif;cJhzl;bl;/ Relief

ukd oD;oefYukdifwJhtzGJUBuD;awG owfowf&SdNyD;om;/ okdY aomf

ukd,fh Project &SdaeNyD;om;ae&mawGygvkdY vufvSrf;rD

oavmuf vkyfay;&if;eJYukd Relief vkyfjzpfoGm;wmyJ/ ukd,fh

wpfzGJUxJr[kwfbJ wjcm; Relif tzGJUBuD;awGeJY csdefNyD; 0if&wm

awGvnf;&Sdw,f/ aemufykdif;rSmawmh aq;0g;ukorItykdif;eJY

aq;0g;vkdtyfcsufawG jznfhqnf;ay;wJhtykdif; vkyfay;w,f/

vkdtyfcsufawGvnf;&Sdw,f/ rSm;wmawGvnf;&SdwmyJ/ infor-

mation r,lrdbl;/ olwkdYvkdtyfcsufukd aoaocsmcsmr&SmEkdifcJh

rdbl;/ uRefawmfwkdYtzGJUwpfckwnf;r[kwfbl;/ wjcm;tzGJUawG

vnf;BuHK&wm/ Oyrm-ppcsif;ppfwrf;aumufwJh Form (yHkpH)

awGu ajcmufrsKd;avmuf&Sdaew,f/ olwkdYu bmjznfh&rSef;?

b,fvkdjznfh&rSef;rodbl;/ ajcmufrsKd;pvHk;rSm uRefawmfwkdY

t"duvkyfaewJhrsKd;qufyGm;usef;rma&;udpörygbl;/ &vmwJh

Information awGuvnf; aygif;pyfvkdYr&bl;/ vkdtyfwmawG

vkdufvkyfay;&if;? 0ifulay;&if;eJY auseyfaecJh&wm/ auseyf

aecJhwm/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


118G

EkdifiHwumrSm ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfckckjzpfcJh&if? ta&;ay:

tajctaewpfckckjzpfcJh&if pDrHcefYcGJaqmif&Gufay;EkdifwJh EkdifiH

aygif;pHku tzGJUtpnf;aygif;pHkygwJh pDrHcefYcGJrItzGJU&JU abmif

twkdif;vkyfayr,fhvnf; tJ'DyHkabmif0ifatmifvkdtyfwmawG

&Sdao;w,f/ tcuftcJawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ bmpvkyfvkdY

vkyf&rSef;rodcJhwmrsKd;aygh/ Presentation jyefjyzkdY? jyefvnf

aqG;aEG;wifjyzkdYtwGuf "mwfyHkawmif aocsmr½kdufwwfMu

bl;/ ar;vkduf&ifvnf; wjcm;ta&;BuD;wJh taMumif;&mawG

xnfhajym&aumif;rSef;rodMubl;/ wcsKdUu jrifwwfw,f/

wcsKdUu rjrifwwfbl;/ Oyrm-'ku©onfpcef;rSm vlOD;a&

b,favmuf &Sdw,f/ tdrfomuawmh b,fESvHk;&Sdw,f/ trsKd;

om;? trsKd;orD; cGJxm; rxm;qkdwmrsKd;aygh/ ta&;BuD;wm

wpfckajymjycsifwmu uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm Logistic odyftm;

enf;w,f/ 'gukd ynmwpfckvkdYawmif rjrifMubl;/ ypönf;awG

0,fNyD;ykdYwmukd b,folvkyfvkyf&wmyJxifMuwm/ tcktcsdef

rSm Logistician awG odyfwefzkd;&Sdwm 'DrSmvkyfaewJholukd

[kdu vpmykday;NyD; qGJac:vkduf/ aemufwpfzGJUu vpmxyf

wkd;ay;NyD;qGJac:jyefvkduf/ tJ'grsKd;awGawmif &Sdaew,f/

Logistic &mxl;awG&xm;ayr,fh wu,fh Logistician odyfr&Sd

bl;/ vkdtyfwJhypönf;awGukd &Sm&awmhr,f/ 0,f&awmhr,f/

xkyfykd;&r,f/ ykdY&awmhr,f/ tck uRefawmfwkdYrSm Dignity Kids

qkdwJhtrsKd;orD;awGtwGuf vkdtyfwJhypönf;awGukd yHhykd;

ay;r,fhtvSL&SifawG&Sdw,f/ 'gayrJh tvsifrDatmif rxGufEkdif

bl;jzpfaew,f/ ypönf;0,fr&wmwkdY wpfckcsif;xnfhwmMum

wmwkdYaygh/ vSLwJholu vSLxm;wmawmifrS tvsifrDatmif

rxkwfay;EkdifwmrsKd;/

aq;ukowJhtykdif;rSmvnf; 'DvkdyJ/ ta&;ay:tajct

aersKd;rSmMuHK&wJhjyóemav;awGukdajym

jyNyD; vTwfvkdufw,f/ twkdav;awGyJ

oifay;vkdufEkdifw,f/ bmawGawGU

wwfw,f/ b,fvkduk&r,faygh/ bmu

ta&;BuD;w,faygh/ wu,f uGif;qif;

Munfhawmh ukd,fhtzGJUawGa&m? wjcm;

tzGJUawGa&m yHkrSeftajctaerSm aq;

cef; (G.P) xkdifovkdrsKd; xkdifukay;ae

w,f/ vkdvkd? rvkdvkd aq;ay;wJh[mawG?

aq;oGif;wmawG/ ukd,fhvlawGwif

r[kwfbl;/ EkdifiHjcm;uvmwJhaq;tzGJU

awGvnf; tJ'Dvkdvkyfaewm/ wef;pDNyD;

Drip oGif;ay;aeMuwm/ rvkdtyfbJ

eJY pdwfauseyfatmif jznfhqnf;ay;

vkdufwmrsKd;awGaygh/ 'gu ynm&yftykdif;? aq;ukwJhtykdif;yJ

&Sdao;w,f/ ckeuvkd ypönf;0,f,la&;? jzefYjzL;a&;? um,uH

&Sif'ku©onfawGvufxJ a&mufra&muf trsm;BuD;&Sdao;

w,f/ yGifhyGifhvif;vif;0efcH&&if uRefawmfwkdYa&m? wjcm;tzGJU

awGa&mu vkyf&if;eJY oif,lae&wm/



//

///

//

/// ckeu Volunteer yJjzpfjzpf? bmyJjzpfjzpf

vkyfwJhukdifwJhae&mrSm uRrf;usifrI (Skill) ayghaemf/ Disas-

ter Management rSm MuufajceDwkdY bmwkdYu 'DtwGuf Train-

ing (avhusifhrI) ay;xm;wm&Sdw,f/ tvm;wlyJ UN tzJGU

tpnf;awGrSmvnf; 'D[meJYywfoufNyD; Training awG&Sdw,f/

EkdifiHwumrSmvnf; Oyrm-qlemrDwkdY bmwkdYrSm tawGUtBuKH

awG&Sdxm;w,f/ Disaster Management rSm Preparedness,

Response eJY Rehabilitation qkdwm&Sdw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm

MuufajceD Volunteer awGukd Preparedness eJYywfoufNyD;

Train vkyfxm;wm&Sdw,f/ Response eJYywfoufNyD;awmh

vnf; Traing vkyfxm;wmawG&Sdw,f/ tJ . . . Rehabilita-

tion eJYywfoufNyD;awmhu NGO awGawmif . . . / uRefawmfwkdYu

Leading Role rSmr[kwfbl;/ oufqkdif&mtpkd;&ukd Support vkyfwJh

Role rSmyJ&Sdw,f/

tckjzpfcJhwmu arQmfrSef;xm;wmxufukd ysufpD;rIu

rsm;w,f/ qlemrDwkef;u tawGUtBuKHawGt&qkd uRefawmfwkdY

jrefrmEkdifiHu odyfrsm;rsm;pm;pm; rxdckdufcJhbl;/ uRefawmf

wkdYukd,fwkdif xdckdufysufpD;cJhwJhae&mawGukdoGm;NyD; Assess-

ment awGvkyfcJh&w,f/ tck[mu awmfawmfBuD;ukd jcm;em;

oGm;w,f/ bmvkyf&rSef;ukdrodbl;jzpfoGm;w,f/ uRefawmfwkdY

&xm;? &Sdxm;NyD;om; Training wkdY bmwkdYu ao;ao;av;

jzpfoGm;w,f/ Disaster jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm bmvkyf&awmhr,f

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm


118 H

qkdwmukd uRefawmfwkdY Volunteer awGtaeeJY odaew,f/

bmvkyf&r,f? b,fvkdu,f&r,fqkdwmawGaygh/ 'gayrJh

olwdkYrSm Facility r&Sdbl;/ twwfynmeJYvkyfEkdifwJh t&nf

tcsif;&Sdw,f/ aemufwpfcsufu Response (wkHYjyefaqmif&Guf

rI) tykdif;rSm jzpfNyD;wmeJY csufcsif; Assessment vkyf&w,f/

uRefawmfwkdYqDrSm DANA vkdYac:w,f/ uRefawmfwkdY Volun-

teer yJjzpfjzpf? Staff yJjzpfjzpf ab;'ku©jzpfNyD;csdefrSm tJ'gukd

t"duukdif&w,f/ jzpfNyD;wmeJY aemufwpf&ufrSm uRefawmf

wkdYqDu tzJGUawG qif;oGm;w,f/ a'ocH Volunteer awGukd

Assessment b,fvkdvkyf&w,fqkdwm oifxm;ay;NyD;om;/

a'ocH Volunteer awG&JU Assessment awGtay:rlwnfNyD;

uRefawmfwkdYqDukd Feedback jyefay;NyD;awmhrS Relief (u,f

q,fa&;) udpövkyf&w,f/ uRefawmfwkdYvkyfxm;cJhwJh Assess-

ment u odyfNyD;tao;pdwf (Detail) r&Sdbl;/ tao;pdwfqkd

usef;rma&;aemufqufwJGjyóemawGutpygw,f/ Volun-

teer awGu Assessment ukd uRrf;usifzkdYvnf;vkdw,f/

uRefawmfwkdY NGO awG t"duvkyf&rSmu jzpfNyD;aemuf

rSm vlwpfa,mufqufvuftouf&SifzkdY Basic Needs (tajc

cHvkdtyfcsufawG) bmvkdovJ/ a&wkdY? tpm;tpmwkdY? ,m,D

aexkdifzkdY tJ'D[mrsKd;awGukd Assessment vkyf&w,f/ tck

bmawGU&ovJqkd Assessment tzJGUawG oGm;awmhoGm;aewm

yJ/ jynfhpkHrItm;enf;wmawG&Sdw,f/ bmtm;enf;ovJqkd tJ'D

Assessment oGm;vkyf&wJhtzJGUawG? wjcm; NGO awGu jzpf

NyD;NyD;csif;rSm ra&mufMuao;bl;/

eHygwf (1) u Volunteer awGukd Assessment eJYywf

oufNyD; Training ay;oifhw,f/ aemufwpfcsufu Relief

rSm uRrf;usifrIeJYywfoufvkdYyJ/ Oyrm-&GufxnfwJawGukd EkdifiH

jcm;u ykdYvkdufw,f/ tJ'DwJ b,fvkdxkd;&w,fqkdwm uRef

awmfwkdY rodbl;/ tJ'Dawmh bmvkyf&ovJqkd 'DrSm Training

jyefay;&w,f/ tJ'D Training twGufukd Shelter Expart awG

EkdifiHjcm;uaeac:NyD; Volunteer awGukd oifwef;ay;& w,f/

tJ'DusrSyJ wJxkd;vkdY&awmhw,f/ aemufwpfcku a&oefY puf/

a&oefYpufukd b,fvkdwyfovJ? a&ukdb,fvkdoefYovJ

qkdwmukd Training ay;&w,f/ tJ'gawGonf uRefawmfwkdYqD

rSm vuf&Sdtaetxm;t& uRrf;usifwJh Staff wkdY? Volunteer

wkdY r&Sdbl;/ tJ'Dtm;enf;csuf&Sdw,f/

aemufNyD;ckeu q&mppfEkdifajymwJh Logistics udpö/ ypönf;

ukdykdYr,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDukd av,mOfawGtrsm;a&mufvm

w,f/ 'Dav,mOfBuD;awG uRefawmfwkdY wpfcgrS rjrifzl;bl;/

tJ'Dav,mOfawGu wefb,favmufo,fvmovJ/ ypönf;

awGukd av,mOfysHay:uae b,fvkdcsrvJ/ tJ'DvkdcszkdY o,f

,lykdYaqmifa&; ypönf;ud&d,mawG 'DrSm&Sdovm;/ tJ'gawGukd

rcefYrSef;EkdifwJhtcgusawmh aemufusukefa&m/ aemufwpfcku

e,fukdykdY&r,f/ tJ'Dvrf;u 10 bD;um; oGm;vkdY&wJhvrf;vm;/

tJ'gawGukd BudKwifNyD;awmh Information awGr&bl;/ As-

sessment rvkyfxm;bl;/ 10 bD;um;vTwfvkdufw,f/ vrf;

rSmwHwm;usKd;aeawmh qufroGm;EkdifwmawG awGU&w,f/

aemufwpfcsufu 'D Volunteer awGeJY ykdYvkdufwJhypönf;

awG[m EkdifiHwumtqifhrDjzpfwJhtwGuf (Oyrm-Personal

Hygine Kits) txJuypönf;awGukd b,fvkdokH;&rvJqkdwm

rodxm;bl;/ tJ'Dvkd ypönf;awGukd rkefwkdif;'ku©onfawGukd

wkduf½kdufa0vkduf&if bmompum;tcuftcJaMumifh &Sif;rjy

wwfbl;/ tJ'DvkdtcuftcJawG&Sdw,f/

tJ'Dawmh Volunteer awGtaeeJY uRrf;

usifrI Training awGvkdtyfw,f/ 'gayrJh

vuf&Sd Situation (tajctae) t&

0kef'kdif;0kef;'kdif;vkyf&wmjzpfwJhtwGuf

tm;enf;rIawGuawmh &SdrSmyJ/ aemuf

'DvkdrsKd; . . . BudKwifjyifqifrI&SdwJhtaeeJY

Volunteer awGukd oifwef;ay;zkdY? pdwf

ykdif;qkdif&mtm;ay;zkdY? aemufwpfcku First

Aid (a&S;OD;jyKpkjcif;)/ tJ'gawGukd [kdbuf

(Field) ukdrvTwfcifrSm Training wpf

&ufvkyfw,f/ uRefawmfqkdvkdcsifwm

u Volunteer awG[m tckvkdudpöawGyJ

jzpfjzpf? tjcm; Relief udpöawGrSmyJjzpf

jzpf Training eJY Knowledge vkdtyf

w,f/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

119




//

///

//

/// vli,fu ulnDcsifpdwf&Sdw,f/ 'D Vol-

unteer udpörSm t"duESpfrsKd;yJ&Sdw,f/ wpfcku What ?? wpfck

u How? / What to do? bmvkyf&rvJ/ wJxkd;ay;&r,fqkd

wm What / b,fvkdxkd;rvJqkdwm How to do? 'Dvli,fawGu

pepfuswJh tzJGUtpnf;wpfck&JU tpDtrHeJYoGm;&&ifawmh twkdif;

twmwpfcktxd&r,f/ tJ'DvkdroGm;bJ ukd,fhtkyfpkeJYukd,fyJ

oGm;r,fqkd&ifawmh trsm;BuD;vkdvmw,f/ Disaster Man-

agement u Major jzpfoGm;wmaygh/ tJ'DynmjyefYyGm;rIr&Sd

cJhbl;/ Awareness r&Sdbl;/ Recognizing r&Sdbl;/ Knowl-

edge r&Sdbl;/ olYukd Support vkyfr,fh[mu ckeu a'gufwm

ppfEkdifajymcJhwJhh Logistics Management / tck jyefvnfxl

axmifa&;vkyfwJhumvqkd&if Project Management ? 'gawG[m

Major Subject awG/ aemuf rxifrSwfbJeJY vkyf&if;ukdif&if;eJY

oGm;vkdwJh[m&Sdw,f/ oGm;r,fhvli,fawG Crisis Management

eJYywfoufvkdY odxm;zkdY enf;enf;vkdr,f/ Minor ayr,fh rxif

rSwfbJ Major Subject jzpfoGm;Ekdifw,f/ olYrSm tmPmykdifawG

eJY Negotiation vkdw,f/ ckeu Disaster Management eJYwJGNyD;

vmr,fh Project Management? Logistics Management ? aemuf

Crisis Management 'gawGu jrefrmEkdifiHu wuúokdvfynm

a&;rSm bmom&yftaeeJY oifxm;wmr&Sdbl;/ NGO awG&SdvkdY

om enf;enf;csif;odvm&wm/ tckawmh Learning by doing

jzpfoGm;awmh aemufwpfBudrf 'Dvkdrjzpfatmif tJ'gawGoifxm;

zkdYawmhvkdw,f/

tck uRefawmfwkdY Seminar awG acgif;pOftrsKd;rsKd;eJY

vkyfw,f/ ynm&Sifaygif;pkHajymw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHig;vkyfief;

tzJGUcsKyfqkd wpfESpfukd 24 Budrf vkyfw,f/ UMFCCI uvnf;

vkyfw,f/ oufqkdif&mtzJGUtpnf;awGuvnf; Sponsor ay;

w,f/ 'gayrJh Disaster Management acgif;pOfeJY rygvm

bl;/ 'gukd vkdr,fvkdYrxifwJhtwGuf uRefawmfwkdYu BudKwif

jyifqifrIr&SdcJhwm/ tckawmh uRefawmfwkdYukd oifcef;pmay;

cJhNyD/ oufqkdif&muRrf;usifwJhtzJGUtpnf;awG 'Dacgif;pOfeJY

ywfoufwJh Seminar awG vkyfzkdYvkdvmNyD/

bmvkdovJqkd Aware jzpfzkdYvkdwmayghaemf/ vli,fawG

'gawGukdoifzkdYvkdw,f/ 'gawGodNyD; BudKwifjyifqifxm;zkdYvkd

w,f/ 'gawGukd vkdw,fvkdY rxifrdxm;wJhtwGuf Initiate

vkyfNyD; rpxm;cJhbl;/ 'g Knowledge eJY Understanding aygh/

tJ'DESpfqifh&atmif0kdif;vkyfMuzkdYvkdw,f/ Skill &atmifuawmh

Practical Application rsm;rS&r,f/ csufcsif;r&Ekdifbl;/ abmvkH;

upm;enf;oifwef;wufNyD;&if abmvkH;uefp&muGif;&SdzkdYvkd

w,f/ tckbmyJajymajym 'Da'oBuD;u uGif;BuD;wpfckvkd jzpf

aewmayghaemf/ Pracitical Application awGaygif;vkdufrS Skill

jzpfrSm/ uRefawmfwkdYbufu vkyfay;Ekdifwm Knowledge eJY

Understanding ? tJ'DESpfrsKd;&atmif 0kdif;vkyfMuzkdYvkdw,f/



//

///

//

/// vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfzGHUNzdK;rI (Human

Resource Development) eJY vkyfEkdifpGrf; pGrf;tm;awGukd jr§ifh

wifrI (Capacity Building) wkdY[m tckvkd Disaster Manage-

ment (ab;'ku©pDrHcefYcGJrI) rSmwifrubl;/ e,fy,ftoD;

oD;twGufyg vkyfae&rSmyg/ a&wkdumvtwGufomr[kwfbJ

a&&SnfumvtwGufyg vkyfae&rSmyg/ tpkd;&u@uvnf;

wm0ef&Sdovkd yk*¾vdu u@awGuvnf; wm0ef&Sdw,f/ tck

qkd rkefwkdif;'Pfoifha'ouvli,fawGukd tcrJhynmawG oif

ay;w,f/ tJ'Da'ou vli,fawGukd Capacity Building jr§ifh

wifay;wm/ tck Nargis Action Grup zGJUvkdufNyD; tJ'Du

vli,fawGukd Training awGay;w,f/ tJ'gvnf; Capacity

Building wpfckyJ/ tJ'gawG[m vQyfwpfjyufaqmif&Guf&

wJhudpöawGr[kwfbJ a&&Snfaqmif&GufoGm;zkdY vkdygvdrfhr,f/

tJ'Dvkdaqmif&GufzkdYu Disaster Management ukd oD;oefYbm

om&yfwpfcktaeeJY wuúokdvf? aumvdyfawGrSm bGJU'D*&Day;

EkdifwJhtxd oifMum;ykdYcsEkdifzkdY vkyfoifhygNyD/ Disaster Man-

agement rSm Human Resourcs Management vnf; ygyg

w,f/ Logistics (axmufyHhykdYaqmifa&;) vkyfief;awGvnf;

ygygw,f/ Psychology (pdwfynm&yf) awGvnf; ygygw,f/

aemufNyD;awmh Health (usef;rma&;) eJYywfoufwJh tod

ÓPfawGvnf;&Sd&ygr,f/ tJ'Dvkd e,fy,ftoD;oD;rSm bufpHk



www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

120


jynfhpHkatmif jr§ifhwifay;EkdifwJh? Capacity Building vkyfay;

EkdifwJh ynma&;tpDtpOfawGukd tpkd;&u@ua&m? yk*¾vdu

u@uyg tm;xnfhNyD;vkyfaqmifoGm;zkdY vdkygw,f/ trsm;

BuD;vkyfzkdY vkdygao;w,f/

ODO D

O DO DO D;ol&defxGef;;ol&defxGef;

;ol&defxGef;;ol&defxGef;;ol&defxGef;

//

///

//

/// 'Dobm0ab;tEÅ&m,fay:vmvkdY csufcsif;

vltiftm;pkaqmif;NyD;awmh u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;awGukd

ta&;ay:vkyf&wJhtcgrSm ckeuajymcJhMuovkd 'Dvli,fawGtukef

vHk;[m pepfwusavhusifhoifMum;xm;&wJholawG r[kwfwJh

twGuf tcuftcJawG&Sdrvm;? toHk;a&m0ifyghrvm; qkdwm

pOf;pm;p&mjzpfvmw,f/ toHk;0ifw,f r0ifbl;qkdwm tJ'Dvl

i,fwpfOD;csif;pD&JU apwemt&if;cH? Common Sense awGtay:

rSm rlwnfw,f/ Professional awGr[kwfwJhtwGuf u,f

q,fa&;vkyfwJhtcg tcsKdUtykdif;awGrSm taumif;qHk;qkdwJh ol&JU

vkyfaqmifEkdifrIukd r&Ekdifayr,fhvnf; olwkdY&JUapwemeJY b,f

vkdae&mawGrSm bmvkdw,f/ b,fvkdulnD&r,fqkdwJh tajccH

Common Sense &SdaewJholawGuawmh toufb,favmufyJ

i,fi,f? twwfynm bmrSrwwfxm;ayhap? tJ'Dvli,fawG

&JUpGrf;aqmifrIu wefzkd;jzwfvkdY r&ygbl;/ wcsKdUusawmhvnf;

u,fq,fa&;acgif;pOfwyfNyD;vmMuayr,fh tjyKoabmr

aqmifMubJeJY tvkyfvkyf&if; tcsif;csif;tqifrajyjzpfMu

wmwkdY? pdwf0rf;uGJwmwkdY? acgif;aqmifawG&JU OD;aqmifrIukd

pepfwusrvkdufemwmwkdY awGUMuHK&wJhtwGuf uRefawmfwkdY

&JUpDrHcefYcGJrIawGrSm [muGufawG? tcuftcJawG jzpfvm&

wmawG&Sdw,f/ wpfcgwavusawmhvnf; &GmawGa&mufwJh

tcgrSm olwkdY&JU yifukd,faewwfwJh 0oDuav;awGu 'ku©onf

awGtwGuf pdwftaESmifht,SufjzpfapwmrsKd; awGUMuHK&wm

awG&Sdw,f/ tESpfcsKyfajym&if olwkdYawG

onf pepfwus avhusifhxm;w,f?

rxm;bl;qkdwmxuf tajccHpdwfapw

em&,f? wu,fhukd ulnDcsifpdwf&,fyg

vmwJh vli,fawG&JUtiftm;awGu

wefzkd;rjzwfEkdifygbl;/ wefzkd;rjzwfEkdif

atmif toHk;0ifcJhwmawG&Sdovkd ckeu

ajymcJhwJh wcsKdUvli,fawG&JUtjyKtrlawG

aMumifh 'ku©onfawG pdwftaESmifht,Suf

jzpfcJ h&wmawG? tzGJUtpnf;awGrSm

tcuftcJawG jzpfcJh&wmawGvnf; &Sd

w,f/ igu u,fq,fa&;vmwmyJqkd

wJh emrnfukdwyfxm;NyD; ukd,fh&JUtjyK

trlukd owdrxm;rdwmrsKd;rjzpfatmif

'ku©onfawG pdwftaESmifht,Sufrjzpf

atmif? tzGJUtpnf;awG tcuftcJrjzpf

atmif owdxm;oifhw,fvkdY uRefawmfjrifygw,f/

L.C//

///

//

///tckem*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh jynfwGif;tckem*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh jynfwGif;

tckem*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh jynfwGif;tckem*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh jynfwGif;tckem*pfrkefwkdif;aMumifh jynfwGif;

jynfyu jynfyu

jynfyu jynfyu jynfyu NGO

awGtaeeJY 0efxrf;awGtrsm;BuD;ac:awGtaeeJY 0efxrf;awGtrsm;BuD;ac:

awGtaeeJY 0efxrf;awGtrsm;BuD;ac:awGtaeeJY 0efxrf;awGtrsm;BuD;ac:awGtaeeJY 0efxrf;awGtrsm;BuD;ac:

cefY&wmacefY&wma

cefY&wmacefY&wmacefY&wma

wG&Sdygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDu vli,fawGwG&Sdygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDu vli,fawG

wG&Sdygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDu vli,fawGwG&Sdygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDu vli,fawGwG&Sdygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYqDu vli,fawG

twGutwGu

twGutwGutwGu

ff

fff

tvkyfttvkyft

tvkyfttvkyfttvkyft

ukdiftcGifhtvrf;awGay:vmovkd tJ'DtvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;awGay:vmovkd tJ'Dtvkyft

ukdiftcGifhtvrf;awGay:vmovkd tJ'DtvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;awGay:vmovkd tJ'DtvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;awGay:vmovkd tJ'Dtvkyft

ukdifukdif

ukdifukdifukdif

tcGifhtvrf;awG&JU yHkoP²mefawGuvnf; wpfrsKd;ajymif;tcGifhtvrf;awG&JU yHkoP²mefawGuvnf; wpfrsKd;ajymif;

tcGifhtvrf;awG&JU yHkoP²mefawGuvnf; wpfrsKd;ajymif;tcGifhtvrf;awG&JU yHkoP²mefawGuvnf; wpfrsKd;ajymif;tcGifhtvrf;awG&JU yHkoP²mefawGuvnf; wpfrsKd;ajymif;

roGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/ b,fvkdajymif;vJoGm;w,fvkdY jrifrdygroGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/ b,fvkdajymif;vJoGm;w,fvkdY jrifrdyg

roGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/ b,fvkdajymif;vJoGm;w,fvkdY jrifrdygroGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/ b,fvkdajymif;vJoGm;w,fvkdY jrifrdygroGm;Ekdifbl;vm;/ b,fvkdajymif;vJoGm;w,fvkdY jrifrdyg

ovJ/ vli,fawGtwGufaum b,fvkdcH,lrdygovJcifAs/ovJ/ vli,fawGtwGufaum b,fvkdcH,lrdygovJcifAs/

ovJ/ vli,fawGtwGufaum b,fvkdcH,lrdygovJcifAs/ovJ/ vli,fawGtwGufaum b,fvkdcH,lrdygovJcifAs/ovJ/ vli,fawGtwGufaum b,fvkdcH,lrdygovJcifAs/



//

/// 'guawmhtm;vHk;odwJh jrifwJhtwkdif;yJ

wu,fhukd Change wpfckjzpfoGm;wmayghaemf/ wpfzufu

Crisis (tusyftwnf;ab;'ku©) jzpfovkd wpfzufuvnf;

Opportunity (tcGifhtvrf;) awGvnf;ygvmwmaygh/ ,l

wwfr,f? jrifwwfr,fqkd&if wu,fhtcGifhtvrf;awGaygh/

tJ'DtcGifhtvrf;awGxJrSm wpfckygvmwmu ckeuajymwJh

tvkyftukdifyJ/ u,fq,fa&;eJY jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;

awGvkyf&rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf vltiftm;awGvkdvmw,f/ tJ'D

twGuf vlawGukdcefYtyf&r,f/ wm0efay;tyf&awmhr,f/

e*kduwnf;u Training &SdNyD;om;vlawGygvmovkd r&Sdao;

wJholawGukdvnf; oifay;aygh/ wcsKdU Training &SdNyD;om;qkday

r,fhvnf; tckvkd obm0ab;tEÅ&m,feJY qufpyfwmawGukd

xyfNyD; avhusifhoifMum;ay;&wmawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ 'DrSm uRef

awmfwpfckpOf;pm;rdwmu vli,fawGtwGuf Volunteer yJ

jzpfjzpf? 0efxrf;yJjzpfjzpf vkyfukdifcGifh&vkdufwm[m Certificate

vnf; rarQmfvifhbl;? bmrSvJ rarQmfvifhwJholawGaygh/ b0rSm

wefzkd;rjywfEkdifwJh tawGUtMuHKwpfckygyJ/ vlwpfodef;

cGJeD;yg;&JU touf? wpfoef;cGJeD;yg;&JU 'ku©eJY &if;xm;&wmrkdYvkdY

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

121


qHk;½IH;rIt&rf;rsm;ygw,f/ 'gukdajz&Sif;ay;zkdY tawGUtMuHKeJY

tcGifhtvrf;awG trsm;BuD;&vmapw,f/ ckeu apwemh0ef

xrf;pdwf"mwfeJY vkyftm;ay;0ifvkyfwJholawG[m 'gukd rarQmf

vifhbl;/ rodvkdufbJeJY wefzkd;&SdoGm;wmuawmh C.V jyefa&;

wJhtcg 'D Record awGygoGm;wmyJ/ 'Duvli,ftcsKdUu tJ'D

wefzkd;ukd odyfrodvkdufMubl;/ EkdifiHjcm; INGO awGu yk*¾dKvf

awGu 'gukdodw,f/ wcsKdU 'Du,fq,fa&;eJYuyfNyD; vGwf

oGm;wJholawG? wjcm;wpfEkdifiHa&mufoGm;wJholawGqkd awmuf

wacgufacgufeJY olwkdY vGwfoGm;vkdY/ wcsKdUqkd 0ifvkdYr&bl;

qkdayr,fh wpfywf0if&0if&? ESpfywf0if&0if&? bmukdyJ vm

vkyfay;&vkyfay;&qkdNyD; vmwJholawGvnf; trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/

vm&wm? 0if&wmrvG,fbl;qkdayr,fh &m*Pef;uae axmif

*Pef;avmufa&mufaew,f/ olwkdYtwGuf tcGifhtvrf;yJ/

em*pfwkef;u jrefrmEkdifiHrSm bmawGvkyfay;cJh&w,fqkdwJh

tawGUtBuHKuav;u olwkdY C.V twGuf wpftm;aumif;oGm;

wmaygh/ yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajym&if 'DtcsdefrSm tvkyf&Sm&azG&

vG,fw,f/ tvkyf&vG,fw,f/ wjcm;EkdifiHwpfckckrSm ta&;

ay:tajctaewpfckckay:vmcJh&if oGm;NyD;awmh b,fwkef;u

bmtawGUtMuHK&Sdxm;w,fqkdNyD; 0ifvkyfvkdY&w,f/ uRefawmfh

qDu Volunteer pdwf"mwfeJYyJvkyfcJhMuwJholawGtwGuf (vkyf

wwfNyD;om;olawGa&m? tckrSvkyf&if;eJY oif,loGm;MuwJhol

awGa&maygh) 'gonf tifrwefwefzkd;&SdwJh toufeJY'ku©awGeJY

&if;xm;&wJhtawGUtBuHKwpfckyJ/ 'Du&vmwJhtawGUtBuHKeJY

ynmu wpftm;wefzkd;&Sdygw,f/ wpfaeYaeY wpfae&m&mrSm

'grsKd; wkdYjyefavhusifhoifMum;Mu&atmifqkdwmvnf; b,fvkd

rSrjzpfEkdifawmhwJhudpö/ arQmfvifhxm;vkdYyJjzpfjzpf? rarQmfvifhbJ

eJYjzpfjzpf awmfawmfuav;toHk;wnfhr,fh wefzkd;&SdwJh tawGU

tMuHKyg/



//

///

//

/// rarQmfvifhbJay:vmwJh 'DjzpfpOftay:

rlwnfNyD; vli,fawGtaeeJY tcGifhtvrf;wpfck&vkdufw,fvkdY

uRefawmfwkdY ajymvkdY&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd &vkdufwJhtcgrSm ESpfykdif;

&Sdw,f/ wpfykdif;u tawGUtMuHKeJY apwemh0efxrf;vkyftm;

ay;cGifh&vkdufovkd wpfzufuvnf; ol&JU toufarG;0rf;

ausmif;twGuf tckduftwefY tqifajyoGm;apEkdifw,f/

'DtawGUtMuHKawG[m vli,fawG&JU Life (b0)twGuf trsm;

BuD;tusKd;&Sdw,f/ 'DrSmwm0efxrf;aqmifNyD; Project NyD;oGm;

ayr,fhvnf; aemufwpfckajymif;vJvkyfukdifwJhtcg olwkdYt

wGuf tusKd;&SdwJh Record wpfckjzpfapw,fvkdY ajymvkdY&w,f/

owdxm;&r,fhwpfcsufu tckvkyfwJhvkyfief;awG[m yxr

awmh a&wkdtwGuf pOf;pm;&muae wcsKdU Project umvu

ESpfeJYcsDMumr,fhoabmawG&Sdw,f/ tJ'D Project awGrSm tvkyf

0ifr,fholawG ukd,fvkdcsifwJhvpm arQmfvifhcsuf vkdtifqEawG

odyfrsm;oGm;r,fqkd&if a&SUu wu,fhukd ESvHk;om;jzLjzLpifpif

eJYvkyftm;ay;cJhwJh pdwf"mwfawGyg ajymif;oGm;NyD;awmh Pro-

fessional vkdif;xJ vHk;00ifoGm;EkdifwJhoabm&Sdw,f/ tJ'g

pkd;&drfp&mwpfckyJ/ jzpfcJhzl;wJhom"uawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ tck

tcsdefrSmjzLjzLpifpifeJY Volunteer vkyfaeMuayr,fh a&&SnfoGm;

aewJhtcgrSmqkdawmh wpfcsdefcsdefrSm olwkdYaexkdifpm;aomuf

a&;twGufyg taxmuftyHhwpfckck&vmMuawmhr,f/ tJ'Dvdk

jzpfvmwJhtcgrSmvnf; apwemeJY qufvufvkyfudkifay;zdkYvdk

w,f/ aemufwpfcsufu NGO awG u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;

vkyfwm Donar (tvSL&Sif) awG&JydkufqHeJY vkyfwm/ tvSL&Sif

vSLvdkufwJhydkufqHudk tvSL&Sif'geajrmufatmif apwemoefY

oefYeJYvkyfay;zdkYvnf;vdkw,f/ odyfNyD;awmh pD;yGm;a&;qefqef

vkyfr,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if tvSL&Sif 'gerajrmufbJjzpfoGm;r,f/ udk,fh

twGufvnf;raumif;bl;/ bmoma&;twGufvnf;raumif;

bl;/ NGO awGrSm vkyfaewJholawG[m tvSL&SifawGu apw

emoefYoefYeJYvSLvdkufwJh aiGawGeJY vkyfudkifaeMuwmjzpfwJh

twGuf pdwfxm;oefYoefY rGefrGefjrwfjrwfeJY vkyfzdkYvdkw,f/



//

///

//

/// tvkyftudkifqdkvdkY av;rsKd;yJ&Sdw,f/

wpfcku udk,fydkifvkyfief;vkyfwm/ rdbvkyfief;yJvkyfvkyf? udk,fh

[mudk,fyJvkyfvkyfaygh/ aemufwpfcku tpdk;&Xmeqkdif&m0ef

xrf;/ Public Servents aygh/ aemufwpfcku yk*¾vduukrÜPD

awGrSm 0efxrf;vkyfwm/ aemufwpfcku bmoma&;? vlrIa&;

tzGJUawGrSmvkyfwm/ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm rvGefqefvSLtoif;qdkwm

ESpf&meJYcsDMumcJhNyD/ MuufajceDtoif;qdkwmvnf; ESpf&meJYcsD

MumcJhNyD/ tJ'Dav;rsKd;rSm t&ifwkef;u? 1988 rwkdifrDavmuf

u tvkyfvkyfw,fvdkYajym&if tpdk;&XmetvkyfvdkYjrifrdw,f/

1989 aemufydkif;rSm yk*¾vduukrÜPDawGay:vmawmh (txl;

ojzifhtrsKd;orD;awG) 0efxrf;0ifvkyfMuwmrsm;vmw,f/ UN

uvkyfwmwdkY? rvGefqefvSLtoif;vkyfwmwdkY? c&pf,mefrpf&Sif

awGvkyfwmwdkYu t&ifwkef;u odyfrxifay:cJhbl;/ tck em*pf

ay:vmNyD;aemufydkif;rSm 'DvlrIa&;vkyfief;awG? Community

Development wdkY? Social Work wdkYu BuD;rm;wJhtvkyft

udkifaps;uGufBuD;wpfckvdkjzpfvmw,f/ vli,fawGudkykwfNyD;

owday;vdkufovdkjzpfoGm;w,f/ tdrfeD;csif; vmtdk? uarÇm'D;

,m;? xkdif;? AD,uferf pwJhEkdifiHawGudkMunfhvdkuf&ifvnf;

'DvlrIa&;vkyfief;awGvkyfudkifaewJh NGO aomif;*Pef;&Sdw,f/

qdkvdkwmu Developing Country trsm;pk&JU vu©Pmt&

vlrIa&;vkyfief;qdkwJhaps;uGufBuD;u &Sdudk&SdaerSm/ wjznf;jznf;

eJY jynfy INGO awGrsm;vmr,f/ Local NGO awGvnf;

wdk;vmr,fqdk&if 'Duvli,fawG ukodkvfvnf;&? 0rf;vnf;0

jzpfoGm;r,f/ aemifqdk rif;bGJU&&if bmvkyfrvJqdk&if NGO

rSm 0ifr,fvdkYawmifajymMuawmhr,f/ 'gu ckeu a'gufwm

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

122


ppfEkdifajymoGm;ovdkyJ qHk;½HI;epfemrIeJYtwl yl;wGJNyD;ygvmwJh

Opportunity wpfckyJ/ e*dkuwnf;u trsm;tusKd;aqmifcsif

wJhpdwftcHu&SdNyD;om;? udk,fh&JUb0&yfwnfrItwGuf vkyfzdkY

tcGifhtvrf;enf;ae&muae tcktcGifhtvrf;ay:vmovdkjzpf

oGm;w,f/



//

///

//

/// t&ifuqdk uRefawmfwdkYqDu vli,f

awG vufzuf&nfqkdifxkdif tcsdefjzKef;wJholawGrenf;bl;/

Shopping Center oGm;wJholawGrenf;bl;/ abmvHk;yGJMunfhwJh

ol? avmif;wJholawGvnf;renf;bl;/ a,musfm;av;a&m? rdef;

uav;a&m/ tvkyfudkawmufavQmufvkyfvmwJholu tvkyf

&JUwefzkd;udkodw,f/ ydkufqH&wm? r&wm? enf;wm? rsm;wm

xuf tvkyftawGUtBuHK? todtjrif? oifcef;pm? aysmf&TifrI

awG&w,f/ b,ftzGJUtpnf;rSmyJvkyfvkyf tvkyfvkyfjcif;&JU

wefzkd;u odyfta&;BuD;w,f/ aiGa&;aMu;a&;eJYwkdif;wmvdkY

r&wJhwefzdk;awGu trsm;BuD;yJ/

tck INGO awG? NGO awGrSm (ydkufqH&&? r&&) em

*pfuzefwD;ay;wJh tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;awG[m cP

uav;r[kwfbl;/ tMumBuD;vkyf&OD;rSm/ u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;

awGNyD;oGm;NyDvdkYqdkayr,fh xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;awG? zGHUNzdK;a&;

vkyfief;awG trsm;BuD;vkyf&OD;rSm/ em*pf'PfcHcJh&wJha'oawG

wifrubl;/ wkdif;jynfwpfckvHk;&JU xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;awGudk

vnf; uRefawmfwdkYvkyfMu&OD;rSm/ wkdif;jynf&JUxlaxmifa&;

vkyfief;awG? zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;awGvkyfMuzdkY 'Dvli,fawGtawGU

tBuHKawG&xm;zdkYvdkw,f/ b,ftzGJUtpnf;rSmyJvkyfvkyf &vm

wJhtawGUtBuHK? oifcef;pm? atmifjrifrI? aysmf&TifrIawGtm;vHk;

[m tJ'DtcsdefawGudk wefzdk;&Sd&SdtoHk;cscJhwmjzpfNyD;awmh udk,fh

udk,fudk,fjyKpkysKd;axmifaewmvnf;jzpfovkd wkdif;jynftwGuf

yg jyKpkysKd;xmifaewmvdkY uRefawmfjrifw,f/ tqkd;xJu

taumif;ajym&&if em*pfrkefwkdif;[m vli,fawGudk tvkyf

tudkiftawGUtBuHKawGay;wJhjzpf&yfwpfck? 'ghtjyif wkdif;jynf

xlaxmifa&;eJY zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;vrf;aMumif;ay:udk oGm;wJh

tcg wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&r,fhvli,fawGtwGuf tawGUtBuHK

BuD;BuD;rm;rm;&wJhtcsdefygyJ/



//

///

//

/// uRefawmfhtaeeJYjrifwmu tvkyftudkif

tcGifhtvrf;awGomrubl;As/ vli,fawG&EkdifwJh wjcm;tcGifh

tvrf;awGvnf; trsm;BuD;yJay:vmw,f/ odomxif&Sm;wJh

tcGifhtvrf;u ckuq&mwdkYajymovdk UN tzGJUtpnf;awG

0ifvmw,f/ INGO awG0ifvmw,f/ 'Duvkyfief;awGrSm

r&EkdifwJh vpmtcGifhtvrf;awGeJY Vancancy awG trsm;BuD;

ay:vmw,f/ vli,fawG tvkyftudkif&&SdMuw,f/ aemufwpfck

taeeJYu tzGJUtpnf;eJYvkyfwJh Team Work awG&vmwm/

e*dkausmif;wufcJhwJhumvwpfavQmufrSm r&&SdcJhwJh Team

Work &JU oabmw&m;awG? Organization Culture awGudk

avhvmcGifh&wJh tcGifhta&;awG&vmw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY wuú

odkvfausmif;om;b0rSm twlvufwGJvkyfcJhMuwJh Team Work

uyJ b0udk atmifjrifatmifvkyfEkdifcJhw,f/

tcktvkyfrSm tifwmAsL;vmajzwJhvli,fawGudk rif;

vlrIa&;vkyfief;awGrSm bmawGvkyfxm;zl;wJhtawGUtBuHK&Sd

ovJvdkYar;vdkuf&if bmrSrygvmwJholawGtrsm;BuD;yJ/ uRef

awmfwdkYrSm 'Dvdktoif;tzGJUeJY vkyfcJhwJholawG? vlrIa&;pdwf

&SdwJholawGudkvdkcsifayr,fh tJ'DvdkvkyfcJhzdkY tcGifhtvrf;awG

r&cJhMuvdkY? tJ'DtzGJUtpnf;awGrSm rygcJhMuvdkY wuúodkvfu

om bGJU&xm;w,f/ pdwfur&ifhusufbl;jzpfaew,f/ aemuf

wpfcg tifwmAsL;awGrSm tckvdkem*pfu,fq,fa&;vkyfief;

awGrSm b,fvdkulnDcJh&wm? b,folawGeJYvufwGJvkyfcJh&wm?

b,favmufMumMumvkyfcJh&wmqdkwJh olwdkY&JU Record awG

omygvmvdkY&Sd&if uRefawmfwkdYqdk&ifawmh tvkyfwef;cefYvdkuf

r,f/ tJ'DvdktcsdefrSm 'Dvdk Community Service tawGUt

BuHKawGudk trdt&om,lcJhEkdif&if aemifwpfcsdefrSm olwdkYvkyf&

r,fhtvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;awGtwGuf Record aumif;

awGjzpfvmrSm/ avmavmq,f 'Dvdk0dkif;vkyfvdkY ydkufqH&wm?

r&wmxm;/ olwdkY&JUtcsdefawGudkay;NyD; 'D Community Ser-

vice awGvkyfcJhMur,fqdk&if ckeu Team Work &JUoabm

w&m;udk em;vnfvmr,f/ Field xJ u,fq,fa&;rqif;cif

t&if Survey qif;? t"duvdktyfcsufawGudk Assessment

vkyfNyD;&vmwJh Result awGtay:rlwnfNyD; pepfwus Sup-

porting ay;wJh[mawG? tvkyfwpfckudk b,fupvdkY avhvm

NyD;? Plan b,fvdkcsNyD; b,fvdktvkyfvkyfw,f? udk,fh&JU Re-

sult u b,fvdkjzpfvmw,fqdkwmawGudk vli,fawG tvkyf

vkyf&if;eJY &,lwwfwJh tcGifhta&;om&oGm;&if olYb0twGuf

wefzdk;rjzwfEkdifbl;vdkY jrifw,f/

aemufEkdifiHwumrSm ausmif;oGm;wufcsifwJholawG

ausmif;avQmufwJhtcg Community Service bm&Sdxm;ovJ

ar;xm;wmawGudk udk,fh&JUvkyfaqmifcJhrI rSwfwrf;awG azmfjy

Ekdif&if ausmif;0ifcGifheJY Scholar tydkif;rSmvnf; taxmuftyHh

awGtrsm;BuD;&Ekdifw,f/ 'gaMumifhrkdYvkdY 'Dem*pfonf cHpm;cJh&

wJh'ku©onfawGtwGuf &ifeifhzG,fcg;oD;wJhtawGUtBuHKawG

ay;cJhayr,fh vli,fawGtwGuf wu,fvnf;apwemeJYvkyfcJh

Mur,fqdk&if &&SdEkdifwJhtusKd;aus;Zl;awG[m razmfjyEkdifavmuf

atmifrsm;ygw,fvdkY uRefawmfajymcsifygw,f/

ausmfEk difausmfEk dif

ausmfEk difausmfEk difausmfEk dif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

125

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.awGYqkHaqG;aEG;rIrsm;

7-7-2008Ä jrefrmEkdifiH ydkYaqmifa&;0efBuD;XmerS wm0ef&Sdyk*d¾Kvfrsm;ESifh

qkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;owday;uGef&ufxlaxmifa&;qkdif&m

udpö&yfrsm;udkaqG;aEG;&ef &efukefNrdKUüa&muf&Sdaeaom

xkdif;EdkifiH jyefMum;a&;ESifh enf;ynmqufoG,fa&;0efBuD;

Xme0efBuD; a'gufwmrGefygwmEdkxkdif;onf tmqD,H-jrefrm

-ukvor*¾ oHk;yGifhqkdifA[dktzGJUOuú| EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef

BuD;Xme 'kwd,0efBuD;ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;/

9-7-2008Ä jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m ruúqDudkjynfaxmifpkEkdifiH oHtrwfBuD;

rpöwm[Grf (ef)[dkaq;*dkarhZfurmcsKdonfvnf;aumif;?

jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m csufor®wEkdifiHoHtrwfBuD; rpöwm

tdkifAef[dkwufcfonfvnf;aumif; EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om

,ma&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDOuú|ESifh toD;oD; awGUqHkaqG;

aEG;/

Ä *syefEdkifiH DPJ ygwDrS txufvTwfawmftrwfESifh jrefrm-

*syefcspfMunfa&;ygvDreftzGJUcsKyfOuú| Mr.Hideo Wa-

tanabe ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;onf EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme

0efBuD; ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;/

12-7-2008Ä *syefEkdifiH DPJ ygwDrS txufvTwfawmftrwfESifh jrefrm-

*syef cspfMunfa&;ygvDreftzGJUcsKyfOuú| Mr.Hideo

Watanabe ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;onf trsKd;om;obm0 um

uG,fapmifha&Smufa&; A[dkaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;? rkefwkdif;

'Pfoifhjynfolrsm;twGuf tvSLaiGESifhypönf;rsm; vufcH

a&;ESifh BuD;Muyfa&;tzGJUOuú| vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;

ESifhjyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; AdkvfcsKyfarmif

armifaqGESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;/

14-7-2008Ä w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH ,leefjynfe,f 'kwd,tkyfcsKyfa&;

rSL; Mr.Gu Zhao Xi acgif;aqmifonfh tzGJU0ifudk;OD;yg

ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUonf EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme 'kwd,0ef

BuD;ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;/

15-7-2008Ä w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH ,leefjynfe,f 'kwd,tkyfcsKyf

a&;rSL; Mr.Gu Zhao Xi acgif;aqmifonfh udk,fpm;vS,f

tzGJUonf ydkYaqmifa&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; AkdvfcsKyfodef;aqG

ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;/

21-7-2008Ä e,l;a,mufNrdKU&Sd ukvor*¾uav;rsm;&efyHkaiGtzGJU½Hk;rS

Director of Emergency Operations jzpfol Mr.Louis-

Georges Arsenault onf oHk;yGifhqkdifA[dktzGJUOuú| EkdifiHjcm;

a&;0efBuD;Xme 'kwd,0efBuD; OD;ausmfolESifh awGUqHkaqG;

aEG;/

23-7-2008Ä ukvor*¾vlom;csif;pmemrItultnDay;a&;qkdif&m

nd§EIdif;a&;rSL;½Hk;tBuD;tuJ 'kwd,twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf H.E

Mr.John Holmes onf oHk;yGifhqdkifA[dktzGJU Ouú|EkdifiHjcm;

a&;0efBuD;Xme 'kwd,0efBuD; OD;ausmfolESifh awGUqHkaqG;

aEG;/

24-7-2008Ä ukvor*¾vlom;csif;pmemrItultnDay;a&;qkdif&m

nd§EIdif;a&;rSL;½Hk;tBuD;tuJ ukvor*¾ 'kwd,twGif;a&;rSL;

csKyf H.E. Mr.John Holmes OD;aqmifaomudk,fpm;vS,f

tzGJUonf EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifhvnf;aumif;? vlrI0ef

xrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifhjyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;0efBuD;Xme

0efBuD;ESifhvnf;aumif;? trsKd;om;pDrHudef;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;

zG HUNzdK;wkd;wufrI0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;ESif hvnf;aumif;

toD;oD; awGUqHkaqG;aEG;/

Ä pifumylor®wEkdifiH oD&dvuFm& &mrausmif;wkdufwGif

oDwif;oHk;awmfrlonfh r[mu½kPm Ak'¨bmomtoif;rS

q&mawmfa'gufwm*kP&wemonf opfawma&;&m0ef

BuD;Xme0efBuD;ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;/

28-7-2008Ä jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m tDwvDEkdifiHoHtrwfBuD; H.E.Dr.

Giuseppe CINTI onf usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;ESifh

awGUqHkaqG;aEG;/

awGYqkHaqG;aEG;rIrsm;www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

126

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER 2008.jrefrmjynfwGifvkyfonf

FOREVER (FER) Shirts

jrefrmEkdifiH oGif;ukeftpm;xkd;aps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfwyfí tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;aomjrefrmEkdifiH oGif;ukeftpm;xkd;aps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfwyfí tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;aom

jrefrmEkdifiH oGif;ukeftpm;xkd;aps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfwyfí tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;aomjrefrmEkdifiH oGif;ukeftpm;xkd;aps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfwyfí tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;aomjrefrmEkdifiH oGif;ukeftpm;xkd;aps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfwyfí tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;aom

t0wftxnfrsm;wGifyg0ifonfh trsKd;om;0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/t0wftxnfrsm;wGifyg0ifonfh trsKd;om;0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/

t0wftxnfrsm;wGifyg0ifonfh trsKd;om;0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/t0wftxnfrsm;wGifyg0ifonfh trsKd;om;0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/t0wftxnfrsm;wGifyg0ifonfh trsKd;om;0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/

� Golden Sun Shirt Center u 2004 ckESpfwGif pwifxkwfvkyfjzefYcsdcJh/

� tkyfcsKyfrI'g½kdufwmrSm OD;aZmfrif;jzpfNyD; 'g½kdufwmtzGJU0ifav;OD;ESifh 0efxrf;tiftm; 100 OD;ausmf&Sd/

� t*Fvefenf;ynmudkrSDjirf;NyD; *syefEkdifiHvkyfpufypönf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKí udk,fydkifenf;ynmjzifh aygif;pyfxkwfvkyf

xm;[kqdk/

� ukefMurf;ypönf;rsm;udk xkdif;EkdifiHrS rSm,lwifoGif;/

� &SyftusÐvufwdk? vuf&Snfrsm;ukd tuGuf? tpif; pojzifh ta&miftaoG;'DZkdif; tpHktvifxkwfvkyfxm;NyD;

tcsKdU'DZkdif;rsm;wGif a&G;cs,fp&m 24 a&miftxd&Sd[kqdk/

� FOREVER trSwfwHqdyftjyif Gloria Future ponfh trSwfwHqdyf&SyftusÐrsm;udkyg xkwfvkyfaeaMumif;od&/

� vkyfief;rS wkduf½kdufjzefYcsdvsuf&SdNyD; vwfwavmvufum;aps;EIef;rsm;rSm wpfxnfvQif usyf 3000 rS usyf

4000 txd&Sd/

� qufvufí &SyftusÐrsm;tjyif wD&Syf? pydkY&Syfrsm;udkvnf; wkd;csJUxkwfvkyfoGm;&ef tpDtpOf&SdaMumif;od&/

�qufoG,f&efyk*¾K dvfESifh vdyfpmqufoG,f&efyk*¾K dvfESifh vdyfpm

qufoG,f&efyk*¾K dvfESifh vdyfpmqufoG,f&efyk*¾K dvfESifh vdyfpmqufoG,f&efyk*¾K dvfESifh vdyfpm

OD;aZmfrif; (OD;aZmfrif; (

OD;aZmfrif; (OD;aZmfrif; (OD;aZmfrif; (MD

))

)))

Golden Sun Shirt Center

trSwf-(E-22)? 0ifayguf (4) ? ajrnDxyf? ,kZeyvmZm? Anm;'vvrf;? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-297600? 200747 (vkdif;cGJ-1989)? 09-5168826

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

127


Baby Joy uav;t0wftxnfESifUtoHk;taqmifypönf;

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;NyD; arG;uif;puav;i,frsm;? vom;rsm;twGuf r&SdrjzpftoHk;0ifjrefrmEkdifiHwGif tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;NyD; arG;uif;puav;i,frsm;? vom;rsm;twGuf r&SdrjzpftoHk;0if

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;NyD; arG;uif;puav;i,frsm;? vom;rsm;twGuf r&SdrjzpftoHk;0ifjrefrmEkdifiHwGif tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;NyD; arG;uif;puav;i,frsm;? vom;rsm;twGuf r&SdrjzpftoHk;0ifjrefrmEkdifiHwGif tqifhrDcsKyfvkyfxm;NyD; arG;uif;puav;i,frsm;? vom;rsm;twGuf r&SdrjzpftoHk;0if

onfh t0wftxnfrsm;ESifh toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;jzpfonf/onfh t0wftxnfrsm;ESifh toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;jzpfonf/

onfh t0wftxnfrsm;ESifh toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;jzpfonf/onfh t0wftxnfrsm;ESifh toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;jzpfonf/onfh t0wftxnfrsm;ESifh toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;jzpfonf/

� Baby Joy Baby Products u 1998 ckESpfwGif pwifxkwfvkyfjzefYcsd/

� vkyfief;tBuD;tuJrSm OD;pkdif;cGefqkdif;jzpfNyD; 0efxrf;tiftm; 20 OD;cefY&Sd/

� jynfwGif;rSpufypönf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKí udk,fydkifenf;ynmjzifhxkwfvkyfjcif;jzpf/

� jynfwGif;rS ukefMurf;ypönf;rsm;udk t"dutoHk;jyKxm;NyD; xkdif;EkdifiHrSukefMurf;tcsKdU&,l[kqdk/

� arG;uif;prS wpfESpfatmufvom;t&G,ftxd toHk;jyKEkdifaom tusÐBudK;csnf(ausmuGJ)? abmif;bD? tvS0wf

tusÐ? abmif;bD? ajctdwf? vuftdwf? OD;xkyf? acgif;tHk;? zufvHk;? EdkYbl; ponfjzifh trsKd;tpm;aygif; 10

rsKd;cefY xkwfvkyf/

� t0wftxnfESifhtoHk;taqmifrsm;udk jrefrmEkdifiH&moDOwkESifhudkufnDonfh csnfom;rsm;udk toHk;jyKcsKyfvkyfxm;í

acgif;tHk;? zufvHk;? arGU&mrsm;udkrl avQmfzGyf&vG,fulonfh qDvDuGefrsm;udk toHk;jyKcsKyfvkyfxm;/

� vwfwavmxkwfvkyfxm;onfh ukefypönf;\aps;EIef;rsm;rSm trsKd;tpm;tvdkuf 250 usyfrS 3500 usyfausmftxd

toD;oD;&Sd/

� yif&if;rS wkduf½kdufjzefYcsdvsuf&SdNyD; City Mart Supermarket qdkifcGJrsm;ESifh odrfBuD;aps;? r*Fvmaps;wdkYwGifvnf;

tvG,fwul0,f,lEkdifatmifpDpOfxm;/



a':oDwmxGef; (qkdifwm0efcH)a':oDwmxGef; (qkdifwm0efcH)

a':oDwmxGef; (qkdifwm0efcH)a':oDwmxGef; (qkdifwm0efcH)a':oDwmxGef; (qkdifwm0efcH)

trSwf-12(D)? ESif;qDvrf;? yg&rD&dyfom?

&efuif;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-661697? 09-9971907


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

128


Givenhill Shirts

jrefrmEkdifiH txnfcsKyfaps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfjzifhxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufvmaom trsKd;om;jrefrmEkdifiH txnfcsKyfaps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfjzifhxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufvmaom trsKd;om;

jrefrmEkdifiH txnfcsKyfaps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfjzifhxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufvmaom trsKd;om;jrefrmEkdifiH txnfcsKyfaps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfjzifhxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufvmaom trsKd;om;jrefrmEkdifiH txnfcsKyfaps;uGuftwGif; udk,fydkiftrSwfwHqdyfjzifhxkd;azmuf0ifa&mufvmaom trsKd;om;

0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/

0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/0wf&SyftusÐrsm;jzpfonf/

� Yangon Star International Co.,Ltd. \ nDaemifvkyfief;wpfcktaejzifh 2006 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif pwifxkwf

vkyfjzefYcsd/

� refae*sif;'g½kdufwmrSm OD;ausmfjrifhjzpfNyD; 'g½kdufwmtzGJU0ifESpfOD;? csKyfvkyf^jzefYcsdonfh 0efxrf;tiftm;aygif;

60 OD;cefY&Sd/

� &SyftusÐrsm;udk xkwfvkyf&mwGif toHk;jyKonfhukefMurf;ypönf;? enf;ynm? pufypönf;rsm;udk w½kwfESifhxdkif;EkdifiH

wdkYrS&,l[kqdk/

� tuGuf? tpif;? ajAmif? tyGifhponfh 'DZkdif;rsm;jzifh &SyftusÐvufwdk? vuf&Snf? vnfuwHk;rsm;xkwfvkyfvsuf&SdNyD;

wpfvvQif tenf;qHk; 'DZdkif;opf ig;rsKd;cefYxGuf&SdEkdif&ef pDpOfxm;/

� avmavmq,f Givenhill trSwfwHqdyftjyif Balenciaga trSwfwHqdyf&SyftrsKd;rsKd;udk xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdvsuf&Sd/

� qufvufí wD&SyfESifh pydkY&Syfrsm;udk wdk;csJUxkwfvkyfoGm;rnf[kqdk/

� vkyfief;rSwkduf½kdufjzefYcsdvsuf&SdNyD; e,fNrdKUtoD;oD;twGuf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ay;xm;/

� aps;EIef;tedrfhqHk; usyf 2500 rS usyf 4500 txd toD;oD;&Sd/



OD;ausmfjrif h(OD;ausmfjrif h(

OD;ausmfjrif h(OD;ausmfjrif h(OD;ausmfjrif h(MD

))

)))

Givenhill Shirts

trSwf-105? ajrnDxyf? (101) vrf;? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-290782? 09-5143691


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

129

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.wpfOD;wnf;ukd,fpm;vS,f

wpfOD;wnf;ukd,fpm;vS,f

pO fpO f

pO fpO fpO f

ypönf;trnfESi h fyp önf;trnfESi h f

yp önf;trnfESi h fyp önf;trnfESi h fyp önf;trnfESi h f

udk,fpm;vS,f&,l jzefYjzL;onhf udk,fpm;vS,f&,l jzefYjzL;onhf

udk,fpm;vS,f&,l jzefYjzL;onhf udk,fpm;vS,f&,l jzefYjzL;onhf udk,fpm;vS,f&,l jzefYjzL;onhf

qufoG,f&rnhf qufoG,f&rnhf

qufoG,f&rnhf qufoG,f&rnhf qufoG,f&rnhf

txufjrefrmjynf txufjrefrmjynf

txufjrefrmjynf txufjrefrmjynf txufjrefrmjynf

xkwfvkyfonh f E d ki fi Hxkwfvkyfonh f E d ki fi H

xkwfvkyfonh f E d ki fi Hxkwfvkyfonh f E d ki fi Hxkwfvkyfonh f E d ki fi H

jrefrmukrÜPDESih f vdyfpmjrefrmukrÜPDESih f vdyfpm

jrefrmukrÜPDESih f vdyfpmjrefrmukrÜPDESih f vdyfpmjrefrmukrÜPDESih f vdyfpm

yk*¾ d Kvf yk*¾ d Kvf

yk*¾ d Kvf yk*¾ d Kvf yk*¾ d Kvf

ud k,fpm;vS,fud k,fpm;vS,f

ud k,fpm;vS,fud k,fpm;vS,fud k,fpm;vS,f

1/

G-STARDVD Player

(pifumyl)

OD;pkd;rkd;ñGefY

(Director)

5/

GENIUS GROUP G- STAR ELECTRONIC

trSwf-F-1? atmifqef;uGif;ajrmuf

bufwef;? r*FvmawmifñGefYNrdKUe,f?

&efukef/

zkef;-252721

2/

NEC VERSA

Notebook

(*syef)

3/

Mitsubishi Electric

Breaker

(*syef)

a':eDeD0if;

(MarketingManager)

PEACE MYANMAR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

trSwf-137^139? Akdvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;?

AkdvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-202117? zufpf-296688

E-mail: [email protected]@pme.com.mm

4/

KHIND Aircon

(rav;&Sm;)

OD;xGef;rif;

(GeneralManager)

MONARCH CO., LTD.Office & Showroom (2)

trSwf-151? ajrnDxyf? ql;avbk&m;vrf;?

ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-380475? 242307

Standard DeepFreezer

(w½kwf)

OD;armifarmifOD;

(GeneralManager)

KMD CO., LTD.NEC Show Room & Sales Centre

trSwf-550^552? ukefonfvrf;ESifh36vrf;

axmifh? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-204071? 384109? 245180

zufpf-245180

E-mail:[email protected]

a':oif;oif;pkd;

(Sale Director)

GOOD LINK TRADING CO., LTD.

trSwf-195^199? ajrnDxyf? r[m

AEKvyef;jcHvrf;(tv,f)? ausmufwHwm;

NrdKUe,f? &efukef/

zkef;-253814? 253815?

09-5140450

KMD CO., LTD.

trSwf-103^1? 77 vrf;?

27_28vrf;Mum;? rEÅav;/

zkef;-02-60239? 44257?

60360

Email:[email protected]

r&Sd

þwpfOD;wnf;udk,fpm;vS,fu@udk aps;uGuftwGif;&Sd pm;oHk;olrsm;ESihf ukefypönf;xkwfvkyfa&mif;csolrsm;tMum; tcrJh (tcrJh)

0efaqmifrIay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf wpfOD;wnf;udk,fpm;vS,f&&Sdxm;olrsm;taeESihf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;

ay;ydkYygu tcrJYxnhfoGif;azmfjyay;rnf jzpfygonf/

G- STAR ELECTRONIC

trSwf-350? 83vrf;? 30 _31

vrf;Mum;? rEÅav;/

zkef;-02-69481

PEACE MYANMARELECTRIC CO., LTD.

trSwf-438? 83 vrf;? 34_35

vrf;Mum;? csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f?

rEÅav;/ zkef;-02-44328?

34213? 68732

r&Sd

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

130

LIVING COLOR. No.158, SEPTEMBER. 2008.tawG;tjriff

em*pfoifcef;pmjroef;oef;Ek

cJ hwJharv 2 &ufaeYeJY 3 &ufaeYawGrSm &efukefwkdif;? {&m0wkdif;? yJcl;cJ hwJharv 2 &ufaeYeJY 3 &ufaeYawGrSm &efukefwkdif;? {&m0wkdif;? yJcl;

cJ hwJharv 2 &ufaeYeJY 3 &ufaeYawGrSm &efukefwkdif;? {&m0wkdif;? yJcl;cJ hwJharv 2 &ufaeYeJY 3 &ufaeYawGrSm &efukefwkdif;? {&m0wkdif;? yJcl;cJ hwJharv 2 &ufaeYeJY 3 &ufaeYawGrSm &efukefwkdif;? {&m0wkdif;? yJcl;

wkdif;ae&ma'otESHYtjym;eJY rGefjynfe,f? u&ifjynfe,fa'otawmfwkdif;ae&ma'otESHYtjym;eJY rGefjynfe,f? u&ifjynfe,fa'otawmf

wkdif;ae&ma'otESHYtjym;eJY rGefjynfe,f? u&ifjynfe,fa'otawmfwkdif;ae&ma'otESHYtjym;eJY rGefjynfe,f? u&ifjynfe,fa'otawmfwkdif;ae&ma'otESHYtjym;eJY rGefjynfe,f? u&ifjynfe,fa'otawmf

rsm;rsm;rSm arTaESmufoGm;cJhwJh ]em*pfrkefwkdif;} obm0ab;qkd;BuD;taMumif;rsm;rsm;rSm arTaESmufoGm;cJhwJh ]em*pfrkefwkdif;} obm0ab;qkd;BuD;taMumif;

rsm;rsm;rSm arTaESmufoGm;cJhwJh ]em*pfrkefwkdif;} obm0ab;qkd;BuD;taMumif;rsm;rsm;rSm arTaESmufoGm;cJhwJh ]em*pfrkefwkdif;} obm0ab;qkd;BuD;taMumif;rsm;rsm;rSm arTaESmufoGm;cJhwJh ]em*pfrkefwkdif;} obm0ab;qkd;BuD;taMumif;

ukd ukd,fawGUBuHKcJ h&olwkdif; ckcsdefxd ajymrqHk;jzpfaeMu&ygw,f/ukd ukd,fawGUBuHKcJ h&olwkdif; ckcsdefxd ajymrqHk;jzpfaeMu&ygw,f/

ukd ukd,fawGUBuHKcJ h&olwkdif; ckcsdefxd ajymrqHk;jzpfaeMu&ygw,f/ukd ukd,fawGUBuHKcJ h&olwkdif; ckcsdefxd ajymrqHk;jzpfaeMu&ygw,f/ukd ukd,fawGUBuHKcJ h&olwkdif; ckcsdefxd ajymrqHk;jzpfaeMu&ygw,f/

csrf;omray;cJhyg/ touf 70 ausmf

80 ausmf oufBuD;&G,ftkdawGawmif 'D

avmufMurf;wrf;&ufpufwJhrkefwkdif;rsKd;

rBuHKcJhMu&bl;vkdY qkdMuygw,f/

&efukefNrdKUolNrdKUom;awGtzkdY ar

v 1 &ufaeYuwnf;u rkefwkdif;vmvdrfh

r,fvkdY aumvm[voabmrsKd; omref

ajymqkdaeMuoHawG Mum;cJh&ygw,f/

tJ'D&ufykdif;awGrSm rkd;uvnf; tHkYvkduf?

&Gmvkduf? wzGJzGJ? wpfcgwav cyfoJoJ

jzpfaecJhNyD; arvqkdwmuvnf; jrefrm

EkdifiHrSm rkd;&Gmcsif&if &GmwwfwmaMumifh

odyfNyD;tav;rxm;cJhrdyg/ rkefwkdif; qkd

ayr,fhvnf; rkd;awGw0kef;0kef;&Gm? aveD

Murf;wkdufw,fqkdwmrsKd;? avcyfMurf;

Murf;wkdufoavmufjzpfvdrfhr,fvkdYyJ

cefYrSef;cJhrdygw,f/

tJ'DaeYu rSwfrSwf&& tjyif

vnf;rxGufrdwmaMumifh rkefwkdif;us

r,fqkdwJhowif;pum;uvGJNyD; wjcm;

awmifawmifajrmufajrmufowif;

NyD;

em*pfrkefwkdif;BuD;[m oljzwf

oef;wkdufcwfoGm;wJhvrf;aMumif;wpf

avQmuf ouf&SdoufrJh b,ft&mukdrS

tawG;tjriff

þu@wGif . . . . .þu@wGif . . . . .


130130

130130130

em*pfoifcef;pmem*pfoifcef;pm

em*pfoifcef;pmem*pfoifcef;pmem*pfoifcef;pm

138138

138138138

usef;rma&;tawGYtBuKHusef;rma&;tawGYtBuKH

usef;rma&;tawGYtBuKHusef;rma&;tawGYtBuKHusef;rma&;tawGYtBuKH

146146

146146146

olwkd hqDolwkd hqD

olwkd hqDolwkd hqDolwkd hqD

uu

uuu

tkd;tdrfudpötkd;tdrfudpö

tkd;tdrfudpötkd;tdrfudpötkd;tdrfudpö

150150

150150150

olwkd hvkdvlrsm;olwkd hvkdvlrsm;

olwkd hvkdvlrsm;olwkd hvkdvlrsm;olwkd hvkdvlrsm;

154154

154154154

olaX;jzpfenf;vQKdU0Sufcsuf (12)olaX;jzpfenf;vQKdU0Sufcsuf (12)

olaX;jzpfenf;vQKdU0Sufcsuf (12)olaX;jzpfenf;vQKdU0Sufcsuf (12)olaX;jzpfenf;vQKdU0Sufcsuf (12)

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

131


pum;awG rMum;&yg/ wpfaeYvHk;rkd;tHkY

NyD; rkd;zGJzGJusaecJhw,fvkdY trSwf&rdyg

w,f/ nae 4 em&DcGJavmufrSm av

vnf; tawmfygvmygw,f/ nae

apmif;cgpqkdayr,fh tawmfBuD;arSmif

aeygw,f/ wu,fawmh &efukefNrdKUrSm

rkefwkdif;uszkdY&Sdw,fqkdNyD; ajymqkdaecsdef

rSm [kdif;BuD;uRef; ukefoavmuf&Sdaeo

vkd {&m0wDwkdif; a'otawmfrsm;rsm;

tvl;tvdrfhcHpm;&if; aysmufysufwefo

avmuf aysmufysufukefcJhMuNyD;NyDqkdwm

rkefwkdif;NyD;rSyJ od&ygawmhw,f/ &efukef

NrdKUay:rSm n 9 em&Dausmf 10 em&D

avmufrSmrS rkefwkdif; wu,fvmaeNyD

vkdY cHpm;Mu&ayr,fh {&m0wDwkdif;rSm ar

v 2 &uf rGef;vGJ 12 em&Davmufu

wnf;u rkefwkdif;usNyD; 10 ay? 12 ay

avmufjrifhwJh vIdif;vHk;BuD;awG &GmpOf

tvkduf0ifNyD; awGUorQ qGJcsoGm;wmyJ

vkdY a';'&Jbufu uHaumif;axmufr

NyD; touf&Sifusef&pfwJh aqGrsKd;awG

ajymjyvkdY odcJh&ygw,f/ em*pfrkefwkdif;eJY

bwpfjyefusm;wpfjyef eyef;vHk;&if;

toufvkajy;cJh&olawGeJY rawGU&cifu

&efukefNrdKUrSmawmif ukd,fh'ku©om tBuD;

rm;qHk;vkdY awG;cJhrdygw,f/ wu,fawmh

wpfem&D rkdif 120 EIef;eJY wkdufckdufcJhwJh

avrkefwkdif;[m b,folYukdn§mwmawmh

rSmvJ/ &GmxJ? tdrfawGxJ vIdif;vkH;BuD;

awG wvdyfvdyfwufvmcsdef ukd,fvGwf

½kef;ajy;Mu&w,fqkdayr,fh taztkd?

tartkdeJY uav;i,fawGu &Sdygao;

w,f/ ajy;zkdYrqkdxm;eJY rwfwwf&yfzkdY

awmif cJ,Of;cJhygw,fvkdY ajymjyolawG

uvnf; trsm;tjym;yg/ pyg;avSmif½Hk

ukdta&mufoGm;EkdifvkdYom toufab;

uvGwfcJh&olawG&Sdovkd tkef;yifwpfyif

rSm rdom;pkvdkuf wG,fzufxm;&if;

toufvkcJh&olawGvnf; &Sdygw,f/

wcsKdUrdom;pkusjyefawmhvnf; tkef;yif

zufwG,fxm;&if; vIdif;ykwf'Pf? av

'PfrcHEkdifawmhyJ vuftefaoNyD; ukd,fh

rsufpda&SUrSm a&eJYarsmygoGm;cJhwJh om;

orD;ukd ru,fvkdufEkdifwJh rdbawG &Sdovkd

a&arsmoGm;wJh rdbaqGrsKd;om;csif;

awGukd ru,fEkdifolawGvnf; &Sdyg

w,f/ urf;pyfrSmvIdif;ykwf'Pf? a&arsm

'PfawG BuHUBuHUcH ukd,fvGwf½kef;EkdifNyD;

ukef;wGif;ykdif;ajrjrifhay:u bkef;awmf

BuD;ausmif;txd ta&mufoGm;&if; ckdvIH

EkdifcJhNyD;umrS ausmif;eH&H? ausmif;tkwf

wHwkdif;NydKusvkdYydNyD; toufqHk;cJh&ol

awGvnf; &Sdygw,f/

arv 5 &ufaeYrSm uRefrwkdYqD

a&mufvmolawGukd jrif&½HkeJY ukd,fa&m

pdwfyg b,favmuf'ku©a&mufcJhMu

ovJqkdwm rSef;qMunfhEkdifygw,f/

aumfzDwkduf rkefYauR;NyD; avmavmq,f

tdrfrSm&SdwJh t0wftpm;awGukdyJ a0rQay;

zkdY uRefrwkdYZeD;armifESHESpfa,muf jyifqif

Mu&ygw,f/ uRefrwkdYwwfEkdifoavmuf

aiGom;? aq;0g;eJY t0wftpm;tdwfBuD;

ESpftdwf ay;vkdufygw,f/ vufvSrf;rD

orQ qufNyD;tultnDay;oGm;zkdYvnf;

wpfxkdifwnf; qHk;jzwfvkdufygw,f/

{&m0wDwkdif;bufrSm rkefwkdif;us

csdef[m arv 2 &uf aeYv,f 12 em&D

0ef;usifuae arv 3 &uf aeYv,f 12

em&Davmuftxdqkdawmhvnf; pdwfacsmuf

csm;avmufygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'DtawGUtBuHK

qkd;BuD;ukd ausmfvTm;Ekdifa&;twGuf ]rdrd}

u t"duae&mu&yfwnfNyD; wpfEkdifiH

vHk;twkdif;twmeJY&&SdwJh arwåmapwem

ulnDyHhykd;rIawGokdif;0kdif;&if; BuHUBuHUcHoGm;

zkdYyJ&Sdygw,f/ a&wkdvG,fulwJhudpöawmh

r[kwfyg/ rkefwkdif;uswJhnu &GmvHk;

uRwf arsmygcH&NyD; ukd,fvGwf½kef;ajy;&

olawG&JUtawGUtBuHKeJY,SOfMunfh&if rajym

yavmufwJh'ku©rsKd;eJY BuHKawGUcJh&wJh uRefr

wkdYawmif 'DuaeYtxd rlvtajctae

jyefa&mufatmif tawmfBudK;pm;,lcJh&

ygw,f/ uRefrwkdYNcHxJrSma&m? ywf0ef;

usifwpf0kdufrSmyg ESpf 50? 60 ausmf

opfyifBuD;awG tukdif;csif;,Suf? t&Guf

csif;qufNyD;&SdcJh&mu tckqkd&if opfBuD;

0g;BuD; r&S doavmufygbJ/ b,f

avmufxdjyKef;wD;oGm;ovJqk d&if

trSwfwrJhaecJhrdwJh t&yf&SpfrsufESmrSm

t&ifur&SdcJhbl;vkdY xif&wJh wkdufwm

taqmufttHkawG awGUjrifae&ygNyD/

wjcm;&yfuGufawGrSmvnf; 'Denf;t

wkdif; jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dtouf'Dt&G,f

txd wpfcgrSrBuHKzl;cJhwJh avrkefwkdif;

BuD; rmefzDcsifwkdif; rmefzDaewmaMumifh

tdrfacgifu,kdwJhrkd;a&? avrkefwkdif;

t&SdefeJY rkd;a&awG wpftm;usKH;yufovkd

cH&wJhtwGuf jywif;aygufawGeJY pa&G;r

ukdufwJhae&mawGu 'va[mpD;0ifvm

wJha&awGukd rEkdifreif;okwf&if; ]]'g

avmufjyif;xefwJhavrkefwkdif;? 'DjcHwpf

ckwnf;rSmyJ wkdufaeNyDxifw,f}} qkdwJh

uav;uvm;tawG;tac:awGawmif

0ifcJhrdygw,f/ wpfnvHk; *gxmawmf

awG&Gwfvkduf? a0ae,sowå0gawGukd

arwåmykdYvdkuf? pD;0ifvmwJha&awGukd

t0wfawGeJYydwfqkdYvkduf? Murf;wkduf

vkdufeJY arv 3 &ufaeY t½kPfusif;vkdY

tvif;a&mifav;&vmcsdefusrS pdwf

oufom&m&cJh&ygw,f/ avuawmh

Murf;qJygyJ/ t½kPfrwkdifcifrSmvnf;

avtm; aysmhawmhrvkdvkdeJY rvJrNydK

ao;wJhopfyif t<uif;tusefawGukd t

&Sdefaumif;aumif;eJY wGef;vSJcJhygao;

w,f/ uRefrwkdYacgifrkd;u r[kwfay

r,fh ab;ywf0ef;usifu oGyfjym;uGmoH?

vGifhoHawGuvnf; avoHawGMum;rSm

tqufrjywf Mum;ae&ygw,f/ t

vif;a&mif&rSmyJ wpfnvHk; tdrfacgifrkd;

ukd qGJcGmaeovkd Mum;cJh&wJh toHawG

[m bmoHvJqkdwm od&ygawmhw,f/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

132


tdrfa&SUu o&ufyifBuD;wpfyif tdrf

buf,kdifusaewm awGY&ygw,f/ tdrf

eJYo&ufyifBuD; tvSrf;enf;enf;uGm

a0;wmaMumifh tukdif;zsm;awG tdrfa&SU

0&Hwmay:rSm tkyfrkd;xm;wJh aeum? a&

um (rkd;a&ygumay;ayr,fh Sun Shade

vdkYyJ ac:Muygw,f/) ukdcGNyD; tdrfbuf

xkd;0if½kHxkd;0ifcJhvkdY uHaumif;w,fvkdYqkd

Ekdifygw,f/ 'gayrJh avMurf;&rf;wkdif;

Sun Shade ukd qGJvSefaeoHawG xGuf

ay:vmcJhygw,f/ 'Duaewpfqifh jcHxJ

vSrf;MunfhvkdufwJhtcg vrf;rBuD;ukd

txif;om;jrifae&ygw,f/ avrNidrf

ao;bJ rkd;awG&GmaewJhMum;u vrf;r

ay:rSm vlawG oGm;vmaewmawGY&yg

w,f/

arv 3 &ufaeY paeaeY rGef;vJG

NyD; avrkd;NidrfoufpjyKcsdefa&mufrS qm

ovkdvkd&Sdvmygw,f/ t½kPfqGrf;uyfzkdY

qGrf;csufwkdif; uRefrwkdYtwGufyg xrif;

csufavh&SdwmaMumifh tJ'Dreufuvnf;

*ufpfeJYcsufxm;wJhxrif;&SdaeygNyD/ a&

jywfoGm;ayr,fh 2 &ufaeYreufu t

jynfhjznfhxm;wJh a&wkdifuDrSm a&&Sdae

ao;awmh a&vkdolawGukdyg rQEkdifcJhyg

w,f/ uRefrwkdYqDrSm aeYpOftcsdefykdif;eJY

tvkyfulvkyfay;aewJh rdef;uav;u

vnf; olYtdrfukdypfNyD; avrkd;NidrfwmeJY

uHbJhuae vrf;avQmufvm&Smygw,f/

tJ'Dwkef;u 'ku©a&mufvkdufwmvkdY

nnf;nLrdcJhayr,fh t0wfwpfxnf

ukd,fwpfckeJY pm;p&mr&Sd? aomufp&m

a&r&Sd? yifv,fqm;iefa& ywfvnf0kdif;

aewJhae&mrSm wu,fyJ ]'ku©yifv,f

a0} cHMuolawGeJYpm&if uRefrwkdYwpf awG

'ku©Mum;u tqifajyatmif aeEkdif

cJhMuygw,f/

wpfNcHvkH;opfyifawGvJ? opfukdif;

awGusKd;eJY pkHawmNrdKifxJa&mufaeovkd

xif&ayr,fh rarmEkdifao;yg/ tulrdef;

uav;tdrfrSm armifESrom;csif;xJu

touf 20 0ef;usif vli,fajcmuf

a,muf? ckepfa,mufavmuf&SdNyD; 40

ausmf trsKd;om; ig;a,mufavmuf&Sdwm

aMumifh uRefrwkdYNcH&Sif;zkdY tawmfvkH

avmufaeygw,f/ NcHjyifuvrf;u

av;uawmh uRefrwkdY&yfuGufwpfckvkH;

eJY oufqkdifaeygw,f/ tJ'Dvrf;av;

ay:rSmvnf; opfyifopfukdif;awGeJY ydwf

qkdYaeygw,f/ uRefrwkdYu NcHxJuopf

ukdif;awG&Sif;xkwfzkdY BudK;pm;aeqJrSmyJ

NcHjyifvrf;av;ay:rSm topftopf

aom opfukdif;ykHawGa&m? tdrfawGrSm t

ESpfESpftvvykHxm;wJh ypönf;tavt

vGifhawG? rD;zkdaqmifu trIdufo½kdufeJY

tpm;taomuft<uif;tusefawGa&m

ae&m,lxm;NyD;ygNyD/ 'gavmufeJY rNyD;

ao;ygbl;/ acG;aoaumifykyfvnf; yg

ygao;w,f/ ukd,fhtdrfuacG;av; ao

wmyJ NcHxJrSm ajrBuD;wl;NyD; jr§Kyfvkduf&if

raumif;ygvm;/ uRefrwkdYtdrfu vrf;

uav;eJYvrf;rBuD; OD;wkdufaewJhae&m

rSm xdyfqkH;utdrfqkdawmh ykHorQtrIduf

rsKd;pkH&JU teHYrsKd;pkH vTrf;rkd;aeygw,f/ vrf;

wpfzufta&SUtdrfu ukrÜPDwpfckukd

iSm;xm;wJhtdrfyg/ rkefwkdif;ruscifav;

rSm ukrÜPDu wjcm;ajymif;oGm;vkdY tdrf

vGwfaeayr,fh pGefYypfp&mawGu tdrfxJ

rSma&m eHab;u *kda'gifxJrSmyg tjynfh

jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ rkefwkdif;tNyD; vrf;ray:

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

133


rSm opfyifopfukdif;awG ½IyfyGaecsdefrSm

rkefwkdif;eJY bmrSrywfoufwJh ypönf;t

pkwftjywfawG NcHjyifvTifhypfaewmukd

jrif&awmh pdwfysufrdygw,f/ uRefrwkdY

&yfuGufvrf;av;&Sif;zkdY aiGpkMu&yg

w,f/ 'Dvrf;uav;xJrSm 'DvlawGeJY

aeYpOfqkdovkd xdawGUae&ayr,fh em*pf

rkefwkdif;rSm twGif;oabm ykdNyD;yDyDjyif

jyifawGUvm&ygw,f/ opfukdif;ajcmuf

awG? opfwkH;awG vrf;av;ay: xGufykH

jyefawmhvnf; vGwfwJhae&m ykHr&jyefyg

bl;/ 'Dtykdif;u oleJYqkdifw,f? 'Dae&m

u ukd,fhtdrfa&SUusw,f? armfawmfum;

xGuf&if rvGwfrSmpkd;&w,f ponf ponf

jzifh rkefwkdif;xufjyif;xefwJhtwåpdwfawG

aMumifh ykHNyD;om;opfukdif;opfwkH;awGukd

jyefa&TU&wJhtjzpfawGvnf; &SdcJhygw,f/

uRefrwkdYNcHxJu ,kdifaewJhopfyif

awG jyefNyD;&Sifvkd&Sifjim; jyKpkysKd;axmif

ay;cJhvkdY yifpnfrBuD;vSao;wJh wrm

yif? 'efYovGef? ZD;jzL? ½kd;vSoEÅm (qdwf

zvl;yif)? pG,fawmf? oeyfcg;yef; pwJh

tyifawGukd jyef&SifMuygw,f/ vkH;vkH;

vJusoGm;wJhtyifawG&JU tukdif;tvuf

awGukd uHbJhuvli,fwpfokduf ckwfykdif;

EkdifMuayr,fh xufykdif;jywfoGm;NyD; usKd;

usoGm;wJhtyifawG&,f? Sun Shade ukd

cGNyD; tdrfxJxkd;0ifaewJh o&ufyifBuD;

&,f? a&uefxJpkdufaewJh o&ufyifBuD;

awG&,f? ,kdifoGm;wJhtkef;yif? uGrf;oD;

yifawGusawmh uHbJhuvli,fawG

rukdifwG,fwwfMuyg/ olwkdYwpfawGeJY

jyef&SifEkdiforQ opfyif? yef;yifawGjyef

NyD;&Sifoefatmif ajrawmifajr§mufay;cJh

Muygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd BudK;pm;aqmif&Guf

aeMuwkef; Agencies owif;wpfyk'fukd

zwfvkduf&ygw,f/ Amsterdam NrdKUu

vmwJhowif;wpfyk'fyg/ Dutch tpkd;&

t&m&Sdrsm;eJY obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;

odrf;a&;tzJGU0ifrsm;[m opfyifwpfyif

ckwfa&;? rckwfa&;ukd taMumif;jyKNyD;

w&m;½kH;awmfwuf&wJhtxd tjiif;yGm;cJh

Muygw,f/ w&m;½kH;awmfu obm0

ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;tzJGU0ifawGukd

trItEkdifay;cJhwJhtwGuf jyóemwuf

cJh&wJhopfyifBuD; aemufxyf 15 ESpfMum

touf&SnfOD;r,fvkdY Agencies owif;

rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ b,favmuf

wefzkd;BuD;wJh tyifBuD;ygvdrfh/ 'grSr

[kwf urÇmeJYcsDNyD; &Sm;yg;wJhtyifBuD;rsm;

jzpfaeavrvm;vkdY pOf;pm;p&mygyJ/

tJ'DtyifBuD;[m 'kwd,urÇmppftwGif;

emZD(Nazis) wkdY&JU tzrf;tqD;tEÅ&m,f

uvGwfajrmufatmif e,fomvefEkdifiH

Amsterdam NrdKUrSmykef;atmif;ae&wJh

Anee Frank rdom;pk aexkdifcJhwJh aetdrf

em;u a0odEéDyifvkdYvnf;ac:wJh a&arsm

yif (Horse Chestnut) yJjzpfygw,f/

tJ'DopfyifBuD;[m oufwrf;tawmf

BuD;NyD; [efYwm;Ekdifjcif;r&SdawmhwJh a&m

*gykd;vnf;usaeNyDrkdY 'wfcsftpkd;& t&m

&SdawGu ckwfvSJvkdMuygw,f/ tyifBuD;

ukd tckaerckwfvSJ&if tyifBuD; rawmf

wqvJwJhtcg Anne Frank rdom;pk

ykef;ckdaecJhwJh vQLdU0Sufwkd;csJUaqmifay:

ydoGm;rSm t&m&SdawG pkd;&drfylyefcJhMuyg

w,f/ obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;

a&;tzJGU0ifawGeJY Anne Frank opfyif

qufvuf&Sifoefa&;azmifa';&Sif; (Sup-port Anne Frank Tree Foundation)

wkdYyl;aygif;NyD; ½k H;awmfukd OD;wkduf

avQmufwJhtcg NyD;cJhwJhESpf Ekd0ifbmv

twGif; ½kH;awmfu olwkdYukd tEkdifay;cJhyg

w,f/ tJ'Dvkd tEkdifay;vkdufjyefawmh

vnf; apmapmykdif;u opfyifBuD;ckwfrS

jzpfr,fvkdY qkH;jzwfcJhMuwJh tpkd;&ykdif;u

oabmxm;BuD;BuD;eJY a'ocHawG? Anne

Frank jywk dufxde f ;odr f ;a&;tzJ G U

wkdYukdygaqmfMoNyD; ½kH;awmfrSm trIqkdif

cJhwJhtzJGUawGeJYtwl 'DESpfqef;ykdif;u yl;

wJGaMunmcsufwpfapmif xkwfjyefcJhyg

w,f/ 'DaMunmcsuft& olwkdYtm;vkH;

oufwrf; 150 ausmfaeNyDjzpfwJh tyif

BuD;ywfywfvnfrSm ckdifchHwJhtumt&HeJY

abmifcwfay;zk d Y oabmwlaMumif;

vufrSwfa&;xkd;Muygw,f/ tJ'Dvkdvkyf

ay;vkduf&if opfyifBuD;[m tenf;qkH;

aemufxyf ig;ESpfuae 15 ESpf ouf

wrf;&SnfvdrfhOD;r,fvkdY qkdMuygw,f/

a&&SnfpDrHudef;a&;qJGNyD; tyifBuD;tajc

taeeJY tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;twGuf

teD;uyfapmifhMunfhta&;,l aqmif

&GufoGm;Mur,fvkdYvnf; oabmwlMu

ygw,f/ orkdif;aMumif;raysmufysuf

atmif xdef;odrf;MuwJh vkyf&yfyg/

Annelies Marie Anne Frank [m

*smreDEkdifiH Frankfurt Zmwd *sL;EG,f zGm;

uav;rav;jzpfygw,f/ emZDawG

tiftm;aumif;vmNyD; *sL;vlrsKd;awGukd

zrf;qD;okwfoifcJhwmaMumifh Anne wkdY

rdom;pkav;OD; e,fomvefEkdifiH Am-

sterdam NrdKUukd wdrf;a&SmifcJh&ygw,f/

*smrefawG e,fomvefEkdifiHukd 0ifodrf;

jyefwJhtcg Anne wkd Yrdom;pkav;

a,muf[m zcif&JU ½kH;taqmufttkHeJY

wJGNyD;aqmufxm;wJh vQKdU0Sufwkd;csJU

aqmifrSm ykef;atmif;aexkdifcJh&yg w,f/

aemufy k di f ; r dwfaqGav;a,muf

vmaygif;NyD; ckdvIHcJhygw,f/ Anne tJ'D

vkdykef;ckd&if; aeYpOfrSwfwrf;'kdif,m&D a&;

om;cJhygw,f/

Anne [m vQKdU0Sufwkd;csJUxyfckd;

cef;rSm ykef;ckdae&if; a&;om;cJhwJh'kdif,m&D

rSm emrnfausmfa&arsmyifBuD; (Horse

Chestnut) taMumif; tBudrfrsm;pGm

a&;om;rSwfwrf;wifcJhygw,f/ Anne

wkdYrdom;pk 1944 ckESpfrSm emZDawG&JU zrf;

qD;wm cHcJh&ygw,f/ 'kwd,urÇmppf

BuD;NyD;cgeD; 1945 ckESpfrSm Anne [m

emZDtusOf;pcef;twGif; aoqkH;cJhyg

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

134


w,f/ Anne wkdY rdom;pktzrf;cH&pOfu

Anne &JU 'kdif,m&DrSwfwrf;[m olwkdY

ykef;ckdaewJh vQKdU0Sufxyfckd;rSm usef&pf

ygw,f/ Anne wkdY&JUrdwfaqGwpfOD;u

&SmawGUNyD; vkHvkHNcKHNcKHodrf;xm;ygw,f/

ppftNyD;rSm Anne &JU zcifBuD; Mr.

OTTO FRANK vufxJ a&muf&SdcJhyg

w,f/ ppftwGif; Anne wkdYnDrESpf

a,mufeJYrdcif aoqkH;cJhygw,f/ aoqkH;

csdefrSm Anne [m touf 16 ESpfom

&Sdygao;w,f/

Anne &JU zcifBuD;u 'wfcsfbm

omeJY a&;om;cJhwJh Anne &JU 'kdif,m&D

rSwfwrf;ukd pmtkyftjzpf pkpnf;ykHESdyf

xkwfaycJhygw,f/ "The Diary of a

Young Girl" trnfeJY tkyfa& 25 oef;

ausmfa&mif;cscJh&wJh Anne &JU 'kdif,m&D

rSwfwrf;pmtkyfukd bmomaygif; 50

ausmf jyefqkdxkwfa0cJhNyD;ygNyD/ uRefr

wkdYqDrSmvnf; vlodrsm;wJhpmtkyfwpf

tkyfjzpfygw,f/

"Anne &JU tJ'D'kdif,m&DrSwfwrf;

xJu Horse Chestnut yifBuD;[m om

reftyifr[kwfygbl;/ *sL;vlrsKd;awG ESdyf

uGyfcHcJh&rIukd a&mifjyef[yfay:vGifapwJh

tyifBuD;ygyJ}} vkdY Support Anne Frank

Tree Foundation tzJGU0ifwpfOD;jzpfwJh

Arnold Heertie u ajymygw,f/ 'Dopf

yifBuD;rSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u rId

pGJydk;xdk;aew,fvdkYod&ygw,f/ tckawmh

oufqkdif&mtpdk;&ydkif;eJYvnf; w&m;a&;

t& tEkdif&&SdNyD; oabmwlnDrIvnf;

&&SdNyD;wmaMumifh 27 wef tav;csdef&Sd

NyD; xD;xD;BuD; jrifhrm;vSwJhtyifBuD;udk

tpdk;&vufxJuae Foundation u

vufvTJ,lvkdufNyD jzpfygw,f/ opfyif

BuD;udk abmifcwfay;zdkY vdktyfwJh,l½kd

ai G 50ç000 (tar&duefa':vm

73ç090) udkvnf; Foundation u wm

0ef,l aumufcHay;w,fvdkYod&ygw,f/

olwdkYEkdifiHawGrSm obm0ywf0ef;usif

xdef;odrf;a&;ta&;BuD;yHkeJY opfyifwefzkd;

&SdyHkwdkYudk a&SUwef;wifxm;vdkufMuwm

tm;usp&myg/ auseyftm;&p&myg/

uRefrwdkYNcHxJrSmawmh rkefwkdif;

aMumifh vJususKd;usoGm;wJhtyifi,f

av;awGudk &orQjyefpdkufNyD;oGm;ygNyD/

'gayrJh tyifBuD;awGtydkif; usefygao;

w,f/ tkef;yifu av'PfcHEkdifw,fvdkY

qdkayr,fh jyif;xefvGef;wJhavaMumifh

usKd;ruswmawmif cyf,kdif,kdifjzpfoGm;

wJhtyifawG vSJ&rSmjzpfygw,f/ uGrf;

oD;yifwcsKdUvnf; xdkenf;wlygyJ/ Sun

Shade eJY nyfaewJho&ufyifBuD;udk

vnf; b,folrS r&Sif;&Jyg/ a&uefxJ

pdkufusaewJh o&ufyifawGaMumifh a&

uefxJuig;awG tawmfrsm;rsm;vnf;

aoukefygw,f/ opf&GufawGykyfNyD; a&

npfnrf;oGm;vdkYygyJ/ uRefrwdkYac:xm;

wJh vli,fav;awG tJ'DvJusaewJh

o&ufyifawGay:cGxkdif&if; tudkif;awG

jzwfMuygw,f/ a&xJrSmpd kufaewJh

tyifBuD;awGudk qGJxkwfEkdifzdkY aeaeom

om opfudkif;awGjzwfzdkYawmif cJ,Of;ae

Muygw,f/ 'Dtwkdif;qdk&ifawmh aeY

wGufvkyftm;ceJYyJ uRefrwdkYa&SUquf t

vkyfwGifus,fzdkY cufygvdrfhr,f/

tvHkbufrSm uRefrwdkYeJY nDrt

&if;tcsmawGvdkjzpfaewJh q&m0efrBuD;

wpfa,muf aeygw,f/ q&m0efrBuD;

tdrf wpf&uftvnfoGm;awmh {nfhcef;

axmifhwpfae&mrSm u&iftrsKd;om;wpf

OD;xkdifaeygw,f/ q&m0efrBuD;u rdwf

qufay;ygw,f/ ]]oef;oef;Ek olYudk

rSwfxm;aemf? olYemrnfu OD;0if;Munf?

opfyifckwfwJhae&mrSmawmh yxrwef;

yJ/ rckwfoifh&ifrckwfbl;? pdwfvnf;cs

&w,f/ rreJYodaewm ESpf 20 avmuf

&SdaeNyD}}/ uRefrvnf; rSwfxm;vdkufyg

w,f/ ]]vdktyf&if q&m0efrBuD;uwpf

qifh taMumif;Mum;vdkufyghr,f}} vdkY

ajymvdkufygw,f/ ]]cifAsm;wdkYaewJhbuf

awG uRefawmfrodbl;/ uRefawmfu 'D

t&yfawGrSmyJ uRrf;usifw,f/ ac:csif

wJhtcg vmac:vkdufaygh}} vdkY OD;0if;

Munfqdkolu cyfjywfjywfjyefajymyg

w,f/

taMumif;BuD;i,fr&Sdawmh uRefr

wdkYvnf; rac:jzpfyg/ tckavrkefwdkif;

usNyD; opfyifawGusKd;us? vJusrSyJ OD;

0if;Munfudk owd&rdygw,f/ q&m0ef

rBuD;qDoGm;NyD; OD;0if;Munf b,fvdkac:

&rvJvdkY ar;vdkufygw,f/ OD;0if;Munf

u q&m0efrBuD;tdrf av;? ig;vwpf

Budrf tvkyf&Sd? r&Sd ar;zdkYa&mufvmwwf

wmaMumifh q&m0efrBuD;u OD;0if;Munf

tdrf rrSwfrdawmhyg/ ]]rr olYtdrfaemuf

qHk;a&mufwm 15 ESpfavmuf&SdaeNyD/

tvHk opfawm0if;xJrSmvm;? tJ'Dem;u

&yfuGufxJrSmvm;/ rrSwfrdawmhbl;/

tckrkefwkdif;usxm;awmh olwdkYwJav;

awGvnf; ysufavmufw,f/ [dkbuf

vrf; aps;xdyfu tkef;oD;qdkifrSmar;&if

& w,fvdkYawmh wpfcgajymzl;w,f/ rr

vnf; vdkufNyD;ar;ay;r,f}} qdkNyD; uRefr

eJYvdkufvmygw,f/ tkef;oD;qkdif&Sifu

OD;0if;MunfwdkY&yfuGuf rkefwkdif;xJyg

oGm;vdkY oHk;vrf;ausmfu bkef;awmfBuD;

ausmif;rSm ajymif;aeMu&w,fvdkY ajym

jyygw,f/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;a&mufawmh

uav;awG 10 a,muf? 12 a,muf

avmuf ajy;xGufvmNyD; uRefrwdkYarmf

awmfum;udk 0kdif;xm;Muygw,f/ 'D

uav;awG[m OD;0if;MunfwdkY &yfuGuf

ua&m? wjcm;&yfuGufawGuyg aep&m

r&SdawmhvdkY vmNyD;cdkvIHaeMuwJh rdom;pk

awG&JU uav;awGyg/ uRefrwdkY bmudpö

eJYvmMuovJqdkwm wpfa,mufwpf

ayguf pyfpkMuygw,f/ OD;0if;Munfudk

rodwJhuav;awGr&Sdyg/ wcsKdUuav;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

135


awGusawmhvnf; olwdkYeJY ywfouf&m

ywfoufaMumif;qkdovdk ]]0if;rdk;xuf

tbdk;r[kwfvm;? 0if;rdk;u t&yfykyk?

t om;enf;enf;ndKw,fav}}? ]]atmif

atmif&JUtbdk;r[kwfvm;? t&yfodyfr

&Snfbl;av? BudK;xHk;BuD;wpfxHk;vnf;

olYvufxJrSm tNrJudkifxm;w,fav}}

ponfponfjzifh ar;vdkuf? ajymvkdufeJY

qlnHaeygw,f/ {nfhonfvmvdkY aysmf

aeMuyHkvnf;&ygw,f/ olwdkYrdbawG

vdkYxif&ygw,f/ [dkwpfpk? 'Dwpfpk x

rif;[if; csufaeMuygw,f/ aemufqHk;

OD;0if;Munf &SmyHkawmfrSm tajz&&SdoGm;

ygw,f/ OD;0if;MunfwdkYrdom;pk b,f

udkrSrajymif;a&TUbJ olwdkYaetdrfrSmyJ

qufaeMuygw,fwJh/

aemufqHk;awmh uav;awGajymjy

vkdufwJhvdyfpmtwkdif; oGm;vdkufwm

OD;0if;MunfwdkYtdrfudk a&mufoGm;yg

w,f/ tdrfudka&mufoGm;w,fqdkayr,fh

tdrfa&SUtxdoGm;Ekdifwm r[kwfygbl;/

armfawmfum;oGm;zd k YrajymeJY? vrf;

avQmufoGm;&wmawmif tawmfcufwJh

ae&myg/ tdrftrdk;vGifhwJhtdrfawG rsm;yg

w,f/ wpftdrfvHk;NydKaewm&Sdovdk ]wkdif}

avmufyJusefawmhwJhtdrfawGvnf;&Sdyg

w,f/ uRefrwdkY ,mOfarmif;oli,fav;

OD;0if;Munftdrf&SmawGUoGm;ygw,f/ OD;

0if;MunftdrfrSmr&Sdyg/ aemufqHk; q&m

0efrBuD;tdrf ta&SUbuf wpfvrf;ausmf

u NcHBuD;wpfNcHrSm opfyifawG ckwfydkif;

aewmawGU&ygw,f/ aumif;aumif;

usef;rmyHkvnf; r&yg/ q&m0efrBuD;u

aemufwpf&uf uRefrwdkYtdrfrSm opfyif

awG&Sif;ay;zdkY ajymygw,f/ OD;0if;Munf

u olzsm;aewJhtaMumif;ajymNyD; ]]reuf

jzef tdrfrSmvmac:vdkufyg/ reuf 8 em

&DcGJavmufa&muf&ifaumif;w,f/ 'geJY

tvkyfb,favmufrsm;ovJ}} vdkY ar;yg

w,f/ uRefru olYqDuvdktyfwJh 0ef

aqmifrIawGtaMumif;ajymjyawmh tm;

vHk;oabmwlayr,fh a&uefxJpdkufae

wJho&ufyifawGckwfNyD; a&xJuq,f

ay;zdkYudpöudkawmh jiif;ygw,f/ ]]bmjzpf

vdkYvJ}} ar;awmh ]]uRefawmfu vJNyD;wJh

opfyif rckwfbl;}} vdkY cyfjywfjywfajzyg

w,f/ q&m0efrBuD;u Mum;0ifNyD;

]]reufjzef vkdufMunfhvdkufygOD;/ OD;0if;

Munfudk wul;wuvmac:aewmyJ/

olub,folvJ odovm;}} vdkY ar;yg

w,f/ ]]uRefawmfu b,fvdkvkyfNyD; od

rSmvJ}} vdkY ½kd;½kd;om;om;ajz&Smygw,f/

aemufwpfaeYreuf OD;0if;Munf

a&mufcsdefrSm uRefrwdkYNcH&Sif;ay;aewJh ol

i,fav;awG a&uefxJpdkufusaewJh o

&ufyifpnfay:cGxkdifMuNyD; xHk;pHtwkdif;

tudkif;NcdKif&if; a&xJjyKwfus&if; jzpfae

ygw,f/ OD;0if;Munf tJ'DtyifawGudk

wpfcsufrSvSnfhrMunhfyg/ t&ifqHk; Sun

Shade eJYNidNyD; tdrfxJ0ifaewJh o&ufyif

BuD;udk ckwfygw,f/ tudkif;zsm;txd

wuf&r,fhudpöyg/ yxryifpnfBuD; ckwf

csdefrSm tdrfeJYvGwfatmif vrf;aMumif;

vTJay;zdkYvdkygw,f/ olYrSmygvmwJh BudK;

xHk;BuD;eJYyifpnfudkcsDNyD; cyfvSrf;vSrf;u

tkef;yifrSm csnfvdkufygw,f/ tJ'Du

pma&;ol\ ukd,fa&;tusOf;pma&;ol\ ukd,fa&;tusOf;

pma&;ol\ ukd,fa&;tusOf;pma&;ol\ ukd,fa&;tusOf;pma&;ol\ ukd,fa&;tusOf;

trnf&if;trnf&if;

trnf&if;trnf&if;trnf&if; - oef;oef;Ek

rdbrdb

rdbrdbrdb - OD;Ek(0efBuD;csKyfa[mif;)-a':jr&D

arG;ouú&mZfarG;ouú&mZf

arG;ouú&mZfarG;ouú&mZfarG;ouú&mZf - 1947 ckESpf? atmufwkdbmv 31 &uf

ynmt&nftcsif;ynmt&nftcsif;

ynmt&nftcsif;ynmt&nftcsif;ynmt&nftcsif;- 1964-68 pD;yGm;a&;wuúokdvfrS bGJU&/

tvkyftukdiftvkyftukdif

tvkyftukdiftvkyftukdiftvkyftukdif - 1980 ckESpfrS 2003 txd tdEd,EkdifiH All India Radio

(AIR) EkdifiHykdiftoHvTifhXmewGif bmomjyef toHvTifh

oltjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhNyD; 2003 ckESpf Zlvdkifv

wGif jrefrmEkdifiHodkY jyefvnfa&muf&Sd/

pmayavmu0ifpmayavmu0if

pmayavmu0ifpmayavmu0ifpmayavmu0if - 2007 ckESpfwGif jynfhpHkpmayrS rsufpdtaMumif;od

aumif;p&m bmomjyefpmtkyfxkwfa0cJh/ uavmif

trnf oef;oef;EkjzpfNyD; ,ck jroef;oef;Ek uavmif

trnfxm;&Sd/

cifyGef;cifyGef;

cifyGef;cifyGef;cifyGef; - OD;atmifNidrf;

om;ESpfOD;&Sd&m armif&Sdefrif; (MBA) (tar&duefjynf

axmifpk avmhpftdef;*svdpfNrdKU tpdk;&XmewGif Man-

agement Administrator tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifae)

ESifh a'gufwmatmifpnf Ph.D (NEURO SCI-

ENCES) RESEARCHER, AUSTRALIAN NA-

TIONAL UNIVERSITY CANBERRA wdkYjzpf/

a&mufonfhESpfa&mufonfhESpf

a&mufonfhESpfa&mufonfhESpfa&mufonfhESpf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

136


wpfqifh tudkif;zsm;awGqDa&mufwJht

cg cyfBuD;BuD;tudkif;awGudk wpfudkif;

csif; BudK;csnfygw,f/ OD;0if;Munf opf

yiftwuftqif;vkyfwmayghyg;NyD; y

nmom;ygvSovdk tudkif;? yifpnfawG

udk BudK;csnfyHk? Angle ,lyHkuvnf; y

nmom;ygvSygw,f/ BudK;csnfNyD; t

udkif;awGudk ckwfcswJhtcg tudkif;awG

ajray:jyKwfrusbJ yifrBuD;uae wGJvJ

usaewm MunfhvdkYawmifaumif;aeyg

w,f/ OD;0if;Munf opfyifBudK;csnfyHk?

opfyifwufyHkwdkYudk jrif&olwdkif; &yfr

MunfhbJraeEkdifavmufatmif xl;jcm;vS

ygw,f/ avrkefwkdif;'PfaMumifh t

vufawGtm;vHk; jyKwfusNyD;? twGif;rSm

ykyfoGm;wJhtdrfeHab;u tkef;bDvl;yif

BuD;udkjzpfjzpf? tcsdefra&G;vJusNyD; tkwf

wHwkdif;NydKapEkdifwJh tkef;yiftjrifhBuD;

awGudkjzpfjzpf ckwfydkif;wJhae&mrSmvnf;

tHhMoavmufygw,f/ BudK;eJYwJGNyD; wpf

jzwfcsif;ckwf&ygw,f/ tkef;yifrSm cGxkdif

aeyHkuvnf; om;a&qdkzm (Leather

Sofa) tdtdav;ay: oufaomifhouf

omxkdifaeovdkygyJ/ a&SUwpf&ufu

zsm;wJhtcH&Sdaeawmh tdrfa&mufcsdefrSm

rsufwGif;csKdifhNyD; yifyef;aeyHk&ygw,f/

]]tvkyfvkyfvdkYjzpfyghrvm;}} vdkYar;wJht

cg ]]bmaMumifhrjzpf&rSmvJ}} vdkY jyefajz

ygw,f/ tvkyfrpcif vufzuf&nfylyl

eJY rkefYauR;&if;? yg&mpDwarmvfeJY Akduf

wmrif C ygwJh B-Complex tm;aq;

wpfawmifhyg wdkufvdkufygw,f/ OD;0if;

Munfu olYom;eJYajr;yg tazmfac:vm

ayr,fh t"dutvkyfawG olyJOD;aqmif

vkyfygw,f/ tm[m&csKdUwJhayr,fh

oGufvufayghyg;w,f/ udk,fhtm;udk,f

udk;oljzpfw,f/ aeYv,fxrif;pm;csdef

a&mufawmh ]]q&mrudk aus;Zl;wif

w,f/ aq;aomufNyD; aeaumif;oGm;

NyD}} vdkYajymygw,f/ tbufbufu csKdU

wJhawmhvnf; cE¨mudk,frSm tqDtom;

cef;ajcmufaeygw,f/ tm;aq;r

aomufzl;wmaMumifh aq;r,Ofao;bJ

wpfvHk;wnf;eJY xda&mufoGm;yHk&yg

w,f/ OD;0if;Munfu taetxdkiftpm;

taomufcsKdUwJhrIaMumifh tbkd;BuD;½kyf

aygufaeayr,fh uRefrxuf touf

i,fygvdrfhr,f/ aeYv,fcPem;tNyD;

a&uefxJuo&ufyifBuD;awG BudK;pm;

ckwfjzwfaeMuwJhuav;awGem;oGm;NyD;

]]rif;wdkY 'gavmufvlrsm;rsm;eJY bmt

vkyfrSvJrNyD;bl;/ b,fES&uf&SdNyDvJ}} vdkY

ar;&if; OD;0if;Munfu olYom;eJY 12 ESpf

t&G,favmuf&Sdr,fh ajr;av;udkac:NyD;

a&uefxJqif;vkdufygw,f/ ajr;uav;

uvnf; vIdifjrpfurf;yg;BuD;jyif;olyDyD

a&xJrSm ig;av;vdk a&ul;usifvnfvS

ygw,f/ a&uefxJutrIdufawGq,fzdkY

uRefrwdkY a&csxm;wJhavSuav;udk

vnf; t&G,feJYrvdkufavSmfaevdkufwm

uRrf;usifvSygw,f/ OD;0if;MunfwdkYom;

tzu opfudkif;awGudk ynmom;ygyg

BudK;csnfNyD; tzsm;uae wpfudkif;NyD;

wpfudkif;ckwfygw,f/ ajr;av;u EGHepf

aewJhopfudkif;awGudk tbdk;csnfay;xm;

wJh BudK;pawGuwpfqifh avSay:qGJwif

ygw,f/ a&xJpdkufaewJh tudkif;awG

tm;vHk;ukefoGm;NyD; a&uefabmifay:rSm

vnf; tpDt&D jzpfaeygNyD/ yifpnfawG

vnf; jzwfawmufNyD; a&uefxJ&Sif;

vif;NyD;oGm;rS uRefrwdkYvnf; pdwfcsrf;

omoGm;ygw,f/

naeapmif;tvkyfodrf;csdef vuf

zuf&nfwkduf rkefYauR;NyD; OD;0if;Munf

udk awmifawmifajrmufajrmufar;rdyg

w,f/ ]]tpu vJNyD;om;opfyifawG

rckwfbl;qdkNyD; tck bmjzpfvdkYckwfae&

wmvJ}} qdkwJhar;cGef;udk uRefr tifrwef

ar;csifygw,f/ 'gayrJh rar;awmhyg/

olzsm;aewmudk *½kwpdkufaq;wkdufNyD;

tm;aq;ygay;vkdufvdkYjzpfrSmygqdkwJh

tawG;eJYyJ auseyfvdkufygw,f/

OD;0if;Munfu aumhu&dwfZmwd

jzpfygw,f/ touf 18 ESpfuwnf;u

&efukefNrdKUa&mufvmNyD; tvkyfrsKd;pHk

ajymif;vkyfzl;ygw,f/ &efukefrSmyJ tdrf

axmifusNyD; tckvuf&Sdae&mrSm tajc

pdkufw,f vdkY ajymjyygw,f/ om;oHk;

a,mufeJY orD;ESpfa,mufxGef;um;NyD;

tm;vHk; tdrfaxmifusMuNyDjzpfygw,f/

OD;0if;MunfeJYtwlae om;ESpfa,mufxJ

u ti,fqHk;om;u OD;0if;Munfvdk opf

yifwufyg&*l jzpfaeygNyD/ OD;0if;Munf

u ol &efukefrSm tvkyfvkyfzdkY a&muf

vmawmh tckvdkopfyifwuf&vdrfhr,f

vdkY rpOf;pm;rdcJhzl;vdkY ajymygw,f/ om;

u OD;0if;Munfajc&m rrDao;ayr,fh

om;tzESpfa,mufpvHk; opfyifwuf?

opfckwfwJh ae&mrSmomuRrf;usifwm

r[kwfbJ opfyiftaMumif;? a&twdrf

teuftaMumif;yg ESHYpyfMuygw,f/

olYtvkyfrSm *CeP ydkifEkdifawmhvnf;

bGJUxl;*kPfxl;r&Sdayr,fh OD;0if;Munf

vnf; ynm&SifygyJ/ ]]'geJY pum;rpyf

ar;&OD;r,f/ vluom tbdk;BuD;vdk jzpf

aeayr,fh oGufvGef;vdkY toufb,f

avmuf&SdNyDvJ/ uRefrxufi,fw,fr

[kwfvm;}} vdkY ar;vkdufygw,f/ ]]b,f

vdkvkyfNyD; i,f&rSmvJ/ cifAsm;tazBuD;

udk usKyfu i,fi,fav;xJu oHa,m

ZOf&SdNyD; av;pm;cJhwm/ usKyftouf 72

ESpf&SdNyD}}/ OD;0if;Munf tm;yg;w& ajym

vdkufwJhpum;udkMum;rS oabmaygufyg

awmhw,f/ uRefr tm;aq;wkdufvdkY

r[kwfyg/

jroef;oef;Ekjroef;oef;Ek

jroef;oef;Ekjroef;oef;Ekjroef;oef;Ek

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

139


usef;rma&;tawGYtBuKHocifwifjr

t,f'Dwm\wkdufwGef;rI2008 ckESpf Zlvkdifv 9 &ufaeY eHeuf

10 em&DcefYwGif Living Color r*¾Zif;ESifh

The Voice Weekly wkduf&Sd&m or®w

[kdw,fokdY uRefawmfa&mufcJhonf/ Liv-

ing Color r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwmu ]]tefu,f

a&;wJh ukd,fawGUusef;rma&;aqmif;yg;

ukd pmzwfolawG pdwf0ifpm;Muygw,f/

usef;rma&;aqmif;yg;awG qufa&;ap

vkdygw,f}}

a&m . . . cufNyD/ usef;rma&;

aqmif;yg;awG qufa&;Ekdifatmif uRef

awmfu q&m0efvnf;r[kwf/ jrefrm

b,aq;jzifh vlemrsm;ukd ukozl;jcif;

vnf;r&Sdyg/ xkdYaMumifh uRefawmf usef;

rma&;tawGUtBuKH rsm;rsm;pm;pm;r&Sd

yg/ uRefawmfawGUBuKHcJhonfh usef;rma&;

qD;usdwfa&m*g jzpfcJhonf/ qD;oGm;&ef

qD;ukd n§pfxkwf&vGef;ojzifh xifyg

onf/ tjyifvdyfacgif;vnf; jzpfvmyg

onf/

&efukefaq;½kHBuD;wGif qD;usdwf

a&m*guk&if; tjyifvdyfacgif;a&m*gukd

yg cGJpdwfukocJhygonf/ þokdY uko

vkdufaomtcg tjyifvdyfacgif;a&m*grSm

aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/ aemuf ig;ESpf

txd vdyfacgif;a&m*g jyefay:rvm

awmhyg/

uRefawmfonf a&m*gwpfckckjzpf

vQif aq;½kH? aq;cef;&Sd q&m0efESifh jyo

avh&Sdygonf/ ,cifu jrefrmb,aq;

rsm;ukd odyÜHenf;rus? acwfrrD? a&S;

a[mif;enf; tMurf;pm;rsm;[kom wpf

,loefNyD; txiftjrifao;cJhzl;ygonf/

xdyf½kd;bkoD;ukd ESpfcgjzwfcJh&NyD; okH;Budrf

cGJpdwfukocHcJhygonf/

ZeD;rjzLonf t½kd;yGa&m*gjzpfae

qJ tjcm;a&m*gBuD;rsm; (uifqma&m

*g) jzpfrvmap&ef txl;owdxm;yg

onf/ jrefrmb,aq;usrf;rsm;zwfNyD;

tpmvrf;aMumif;uifqma&m*grjzpf

ap&ef {urÇm OD;at;armif\ eEGif;

cg;ukd aq;nTef;twkdif; 1993 ckESpfu

wnf;u pm;cJhygonf/

1999 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif uRefawmf

0rf;oGm;ygu aoG;ygvmygonf/ þokdY

jzpfvmonfESifh uRefawmf q&m0efoGm;

jyygonf/ q&m0efu uRefawmfh ptkd

wGif; vufoGif;NyD; prf;Munfhygonf/

NyD;aq;pmtkyfwGif ½kyfykHuav;rsm; a&;

NyD;rSwfcsufa&;ygonf/ bmqkdvkdrSef;

uRefawmfem;rvnfyg/ q&m0efukdar;

Munfhawmh ]]tefu,fhptkd0rSm tzku

av;okH;ckawGU&w,f/ tpmrmrm pm;rd

&if 0rf;rmNyD; tJ'Dtzkuav;awGukd yGwf

wkdufrdwmaMumifh aoG;xGufvmwmyg/

tJ'DtzkokH;zkukd aoewfypfNyD; jzwfypf&

r,f/ 'grS 0rf;oGm;&if aoG;rusawmhrSm

yg}} [k ajymjyygonf/ ]]avmavmq,f

aoewfypfvkdYr&ao;ygbl;/ tzkuav;awG

u aoG;rusatmif aq;wpfywfavmuf

pm;NyD;rS a&mfbmuGif;pGyfNyD; tzkuav;

awGukd jzwfypfEkdifygr,f}} [k q&m0efu

tao;pdwf&Sif;jyygonf/

onftaMumif; ZeD;rjzLukd &Sif;jy

&m rjzLu ]]&Sifwpf,lroefygeJY/ jrefrm

b,aq;awGvnf; pGrf;ygw,f/ &Sifh

ptkdxJu tzkuav;awGukd aysmuf

tawGUtBuKHESifhywfoufí ]uRefawmfh

usef;rma&;twGuf} aqmif;yg;wGif a&;

cJhNyD; jzpfygonf/

t,f'Dwm\wkdufwGef;rI tv[

ó rjzpfap&ef ]uRefawmfh usef;rma&;

twGuf} aqmif;yg;wGif arhusef&pfaom

uRefawmf\ 'lvmaoG;0rf; (twGif;vdyf

acgif;) a&m*gukd ZeD; rjzL wkdufwGef;

ojzif h uRefawmf ,aeYxufwk di f

aomufaeaom {urÇm OD;at;armif\

eEGif;cg;aq;aMumifh acwfopft*Fvdyf

aq;ukenf;jzifh ruk&bJ aysmufuif;

oavmufeD;eD; oufomcJhykHukd a&;yg

rnf/

'lvmaoG;0rf;ESifU eEGif;cg;1993 ckESpf ZGefvwGif uRefawmf

ZeD;rjzLuawmh uRefawmfhvkd wpf

,lroefyg/ t*Fvdyfacwfopfaq;enf;

a&m? jrefrmb,aq;yg rQrQww ,kH

Munfygonf/ olYa&m*gukd ESpfenf;vkH;

jzifh ukorIjyKygonf/

olYusef;rma&;aqmifyk'frSm ]]a&m*g

aysmufzkdYqkd&if acs;pm;& pm;& pm;r,f}}

[lí jzpfygonf/ þcH,lcsufjzifh rjzL

onf olYwGifpGJuyfaeaom t½kd;yGa&m*g

taMumif;odap&ef q&m0efwifa&T

jrefrmbmomjzifh jyKpkonfh ]t½kd;a&m*g

tjzmjzm} pmtkyfukd Budrfzefrsm;pGm zwf

rSwfavhvmcJhygonf/ xkdYaMumifh rjzL

onf aq;½kHwuf&rSmvnf; 0efrav;/

olYt½kd;yGa&m*gaMumifh aygifxdyf½kd; bk

oD; ysufpD;aeonfukd jzwfawmufcGJpdwf

uko&rnfukdvnf;raMumufbJ aygif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

140

oGm;atmif uRefrpm;aewJh eEGif;cg;pm;

Munfh}} [k wkdufwGef;ygonf/

aysmufvkdaysmufjim; prf;pm;Munfh

wmyJav[k oabmxm;NyD; uRefawmf

aq;pmtnTef;t& tpmpm;NyD;wkdif;

eEGif;cg;&SpfvkH; pm;ygonf/ wpfywf

Mumaomtcg &ufcsdef;aphojzifh q&m

0efxHoGm;jyygonf/ uRefawmfhptkdwGif;

vufoGif;prf;MunfhNyD; q&m0efrSm

tHhMooGm;ygonf/ ]]tzkav;awGu aoG;

vnf; rxGufawmhbl;/ usKHUvnf;oGm;

wm awGU&w,f/ tefu,f 'D&uftwGif;

bmaq;awG pm;ygovJ}} [k ar;yg

onf/ ]]a'gufwmay;wJhaq;vnf; pm;

w,f/ eEGif;cg;vnf; tefu,f pm;yg

w,f}} [k uRefawmf ajzvkdufonf/

q&m0efu ]]tefu,f aoewfypf

OD;rvm;}} [kar;&m uRefawmfu ]]eEGif;

cg;pm;NyD; wpfywfavmufapmifhMunhfOD;

r,f}} [k ajymí aq;½kHrS jyefcJhygonf/

q&m0efay;onfhaq;ukd jzwfvkdufNyD;

{urÇm OD;at;armif\ eEGif;cg;om

tpmpm;NyD;wkdif; uRefawmf rSefrSefpm;cJhyg

onf/ 'lvmaoG;0rf; xyfrjzpfawmhyg/

tpmrmrmpm;vnf; 0rf;oGm;ygu aoG;

rygawmhyg/ q&m0efxHvnf; oGm;rjy

awmhyg/ eEGif;cg;ukd tpmpm;NyD;wkdif;

&SpfvkH;rSefrSefpm;cJhonfrSm ukd;ESpfwkdifcJhyg

NyD/ ,aeYtxd 'lvmaoG;0rf; xyfrjzpf

awmhyg/

ZeD;rjzL cRwfcJhojzifh uRefawmf

tuRwfw&m;&NyD; uRefawmf\ acwfrD

t*Fvdyfaq;enf;ukdom ,kHMunfonfh

oabmxm;vnf; ajymif;cJhygNyD/ acwf

rDt*Fvdyfaq;enf;a&m jrefrmb,aq;

enf;ukdyg ouf0if,kHMunfí a&m*g

aysmufzkdYtwGuf ESpfenf;vkH;ukd uRefawmf

tokH;jyKavh &Sdygawmhonf/

t½kd;yGa&m*gjrefrmhaq;ynmwGif ]a,musfm;

rSmqD;? rdef;rrSmrD;} [k qkdygonf/

a,musfm;rsm;onf qD;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;

jzpfavh&SdNyD; rdef;rrsm;rSm rD;,yfa&m*g

rsm; jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdygonf/

rD;,yfa&m*gwpfrsKd;jzpfonfh t½kd;

yGa&m*g (Ostio-porosis) onf uav;

rsm;rsm;arG;cJholtrsKd;orD;rsm;wGif tjzpf

rsm;onf[k q&m0efrsm;u qkdygonf/

rdcifonf ukd,f0efaqmifpOfwGif

0rf;wGif;&Sd oaE¨om;twGuf t½kd;wnf

aqmufEkdif&ef rdrd\t½kd;"mwf (u,fvf

pD,rf"mwftrsKd;rsKd;) ukd rQa0ay;cJh&

ojzifh t½kd;"mwftm;enf;oGm;ygonf/

t½kd;"mwf (u,fvfpD,rf) tm;enf;oGm;

ojzifh t½kd;odyfonf;rI (Bone Density)

enf;oGm;ygonf/ okdYjzifh t½kd;rsm; yGvm

ygonf/ cE¨mukd,fwpfckvkH;\ tav;

csdefukd xrf;ykd;NyD; oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;&mwGif

aygifxdyf½kd;bkoD;rsm;ESifh wifyg;qkH½kd;rS

pkyfcGufrsm;onf tc&musNyD; aygifxdyf

½kd;ESpfzufrSm tvIyf&Sm;&qkH;ae&mjzpf

ojzifh t½kd;ukd zkH;xm;aomt&Gufrsm;

ysufpD;oGm;ygonf/ t½kd;yGtajctae

od&ef rjzLtm; a&SUaemuf ab;wpfzuf

wpfcsufwkdYukd "mwfrSef (X-Ray) ½kdufNyD;

q&m0ef Munfhygonf/ uRefawmfwkdY vl

Nydef;rsm; "mwfrSefukdMunfhapumrl em;

rvnfyg/ rjzLtm; yxrtBudrfESifh

'kwd,tBudrfcGJpOfu jzwf,lvkdufaom

aygifxdyf½kd; bkoD;wpfpkHukd uRefawmfhukd

t½kd;ukq&m0ef a'gufwmnGefY[efESifh

t½kd;tqpfyg&*l a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif

wkdYu jyygonf/ t½kd;bkoD;xdyfwGif

vufr0ufcefY csKdifh0ifysufpD;aeonfukd

awGU&ygonf/ aygifxdyf½kd;bkoD;ysufpD;yg

u wifyg;qkH½kd;pkyfcGufvnf; rMumrwif

ysufpD;oGm;aMumif; q&m0efwifa&Tu

ol\ ]t½kd;a&m*gtjzmjzm} wGif a&;

xm;ygonf/ t½kd;yGa&m*grSm t½kd;yG½kHr

u t½kd;<uyfqwfoGm;ygonf/ omref

vJ½kHjzifh t½kd;tufoGm;jcif;? uGJtufoGm;

jcif; jzpfavh&Sdygonf/

a&m*gjzpfvmykHZeD;rjzLonf om;av;a,muf

ESifh orD;wpfa,mufukd ukd,f0efaqmifcJh

&onf/ 1993 ckESpf ZGefvwGif acsmfvJNyD;

wifyg;qkH½kd;tufoGm;ygonf/ uRefawmf

&efukefaq;½kHBuD;wGif qD;usdwfa&m*g

aMumifh wufa&mufukoaepOf rjzL

vufwGef;vSnf;wGifxkdifNyD; uRefawmfh

tajctaeukd vmMunfh&ygonf/ uRef

awmf aq;½kHuqif;NyD;aemuf rjzLa&m

*groufomojzifh a&TbkHomvrf;rS

cs,f&Daq;cef;&S d t½k d;tqpfyg&*l

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdifxH wpfywfwpf

Budrfjyí ukocJh&ygonf/ a'gufwm

ausmfjrifhEkdifu Mene Press qkdonfh

aq;ukday;NyD; a&m*g'PfcHEkdifNyD; n

wkdif;tdyfaysmfap&ef tukduftaysmuf

aq;xkd;ay;ygonf/ ]]a':jzL toufu

60 ausmfaeNyD/ 'Da&m*graysmufEkdifbl;/

a&m*g'PfcHEkdifzkdY tukduftcJaysmuf

aq; tNrJxkd;ae&r,f}} [k a'gufwm

ausmfjrifhEkdifu ajymygonf/ u,fvfpD

,rfaq;jym; 1000 tm;ukdvnf; aeYpOf

pm;&ef nTefMum;ygonf/ (okdYaomfvnf;

raysmufyg/ ,m,Doufom½kHomjzpfyg

onf/)

trsKd;orD;rsm;tzkdY t½kd;yGa&m*g

ukd BuKdwifumuG,fEkdifonf[k q&m0ef

wifa&T\ ]t½dk;a&m*gtjzmjzm} wGif

a&;xm;ygonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm; aoG;

rqkH;rD t½kd;"mwfoefrm uspfvspfap&ef

xkH;"mwftrsKd;rsKd;ygonfh u,fvfpD,H

aq;jym;ukd wpfaeYvQif 1000 tm; ESpf

jym;pm;ay;&rnf qkdygonf/ rjzKLu

aoG;qkH;cJhonfrSm 15 ESpfyif &SdcJhNyD/ t½kd;

yGa&m*gukd BuKdwifumuG,frIrjyKEkdif

awmhyg/ okdY&mwGif a&m*gjzpfrI rjyif;

xefap&ef? rjrefap&ef u,fvfpD,H

aq;jym;pm;&ef a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif

u rjzL\aq;nTef;wGif a&;ay;jcif;jzpf

ygonf/


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

141

tukduftcJaysmufaq; wpfywf

wpfBudrf xkd;ay;&mrS wpfywfESpfBudrf?

wpfywfokH;Budrf wkd;wkd;í xkd;ay;&yg

onf/ 1990 ckESpfa&mufaomtcg wpf

&ufwpfBudrf jzpfvmygonf/ wpfywf

ESpfBudrf xkd;ay;&uwnf;u aq;xkd;ay;

rnfh a&TawmifMum;xJrS a'gufwmpef;

pef;ukdoGm;ac:? jyefykdY tvkyfrsm;vS

ojzifh a'gufwmpef;pef;ESifh wkdifyifNyD;

tukduftcJaysmuf tom;aq; (Intra-

muscular) ukd wifyg;xkd;enf;ukd uRef awmf

oif,lygonf/ taMumaq; (Intrave-

nous) awmh uRefawmf rxk d;&Jyg/

tzsm;aoG;wkdif;onfh omrkdrDwmESifh t

ay:aoG;? atmufaoG;wkdif;onfh ud&d

,mukd 0,fxm;NyD; ukdifwG,fwkdif;wm

enf;ukdyg a'gufwmpef;pef;xHwGif

uRef awmf oifxm;ygonf/

1996 ckESpf ESpfOD;wGif a'gufwm

ausmfjrifhEkdif rEÅav;aq;½kHBuD;okdY &mxl;

wkd;NyD; ajymif;a&TUoGm;&ygonf/ a'guf

wmausmfjrifhEkdifu ZeD;rjzLukd Munfhjrif

wkdif t½kd;ukaq;½kHESifh qufoG,fay;cJhyg

onf/ 1996 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvwGif rjzL

vkH;0vrf;ravQmufEkdifawmhyg/ nm

bufaygifwpfacsmif;vkH; ukdufcJaeo

jzifh tukduftcJaysmufaq;xkd;vnf; r

oufomyg/ xkdYaMumifh Munfhjrifwkdift

½kd;aq;½kHukd oGm;jyygonf/ wm0efus

q&m0ef a'gufwmnGefY[efu aq;½kH

csufcsif;wufckdif;ojzifh wuf&ygonf/

a'gufwmnGefY[efu rjzL\nmbuf

aygifxdyf½kd;bkoD;ukdjzwfí bkoD;twk

(Titaniam) owåKukd tjrefwyfqif&

rnf[kajymNyD; bkoD;twk (t&G,ftpm;

eHygwf) a&;í ay;ojzifh a&TbkHomvrf;

tv,fbavmufrS yefcsmyDaq;qkdif

wGif bkoD;twkukd 130ç000 usyfjzifh

0,fcJh&ygonf/

rjzLukd cGJpdwfí owåKbkoD;twk

wyfqifNyD; aq;½kHwGif 12 &uf aecJh&yg

onf/ aygifxdyf½kd;bkoD;ukd jzwfvkduf&

ojzifh rjzL\nmajcrSm wpfvufrcefY

wkdoGm;ygonf/ ajcESpfzufrQoGm;ap&ef

nmajczdeyfu wpfvufrausmfxlNyD;

b,fajczdeyfu wpfrwfxkom&Sdygawmh

onf/ aq;½kHuqif;uwnf;u rjzL

onf csKdif;axmufrsm;ukd okH;&ygonf/

q&m0efu csKdif;axmufukdokH;rS ukd,f

tav;csdefukd ajcaxmufrsm; 'PfrydbJ

xrf;xm;Ekdifrnf[k ajymygonf/ aq;½kH

uqif;NyD; tdrftay:xyfwGif rjzLtdyf

cef;wGif;t0if csKdif;axmufacsmfNyD; vJ

oGm;ygonf/ vJ&mrS rxEkdifawmhyg/

atmufxyf&Sdajr; zkd;wnfu rjzLukdayGU

í atmufxyfqif; um;ay:wifNyD;

Munfhjrifwkdif t½kd;aq;½kHwGif oGm;jyyg

onf/ wm0efusq&m0efu rjzLukd ppf

aq;MunfhNyD; csKdif;axmufukd rokH;&ef?

vlYtav;csdefukd xdef;xm;Ekdifonfh av;

acsmif;axmufukdom tokH;jyK&ef nTef

Mum;ygonf/ t½kd;aq;½kHrS oHacsmif;okH;

bkvkH;jzifh vkyfxm;aom av;acsmif;

axmufwpfckukd 0,fcJhygonf/ oHacsmif;

okH;bkvkH;jzifh vkyfxm;ojzifh av;acsmif;

axmufrSm tawmfav;ygonf/ xkd Y

aMumifh 'efykdufjzifhjyKvkyfxm;aom aygh

yg;onf av;acsmif;axmufwpfckukd ql;

avbk&m;vrf;rS at-ataq;qkdifu

0,fí okH;cJhygonf/

b,fbufaygifxdyf½dk;ukd tpm;vJjcif;1997 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif rjzL

\b,fajcaygifxdyf½k d; rcHr&yfEk dif

atmifemusifvmojzifh ukoay;rnfhq

&m0efukd pkHprf;&m a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif

&efukefjyefa&mufaeNyD[k od&ojzifh

vrf;rawmf A[kdpnfaq;½kHokdYoGm;í

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdifESifh jyygonf/

rjzLukd "mwfrSef½kduf prf;oyfNyD; aq;½kH

csufcsif;wufckdif;ygonf/

]]a':jzL&JU b,fbufaygifxdyf½kd;

bkoD;a&m wifyg;qkHu pkyfcGufyg t

awmfav;ysufpD;aeNyD/ txufatmuf

wpfpkHvkH; jzwfNyD;vJ&rnf/ &efukefrSmu

aygifxdyf½kd;bkoD;twkom&Sdonf/ t

ay:upkyfcGuf (Cup) r&Sdyg/ pifumylrSm

awmh &Sdonf/ twkdif;txGmESifh rSm&

rnf/ wpfvcefYMumrnf/ wpfvMum

tukduftcJaysmufaq;xkd;NyD; aeEkdifr

vm;a':jzL}} [k a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif

uar;&m rjzLu ]]tNrJukdufcJaewm

aq;xkd;vnf; cPyJoufomw,f/ r

tdyfEkdifbl;/ tpm;vnf;ysufw,f/ 'D'Pf

awGukd tefwDrcHEkdifawmhbl;q&m/ &SdwJh

ypönf;ukdxnfhay;&if tukduftcJouf

omrvm;q&m}} [k ar;&m a'gufwm

ausmfjrifhEkdifu ]]&SdwJhbkoD;twkeJY tpm;

vJay;&if tukduftcJawmh oufom

r,f/ aemufwpfcgxyfNyD; cGJpdwf&rSmyJ}}

[k ajymygonf/

þwGif vlrrmrjzL\ qEtwkdif;

owåKbkoD;twkukd a&TbkHomvrf; yef

csmyDqkdifrS 0,f&jyefonf/ owåKbkoD;

u aps;wufoGm;onf/ 200ç000

wdwd ay;cJh&onf/

rjzL\ysufpD;aeaom b,fajc

aygifxdyf½kd;bkoD;ukdjzwfí owåKbkoD;

twkukd a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif cGJpdwf

ukoay;cJhonf/ a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif

ESifhvnf; uRefawmf uRrf;0ifcifrifvm

onf/ a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif\ rtl

ukef;vrf; aetdrfokdYvnf; uRefawmfwkdY

rMumcPa&mufcJhonf/ a'gufwm

ausmfjrifhEkdif\a,mu©rrSm emrnfBuD;

pma&;q&mr a&Tbkda':rdrdBuD;jzpfonf/

aq;ynmtaMumif;aqG;aEG;&if; rjzL

aygifxdyf½kd;ESpfzufwGif tpm;xkd;vJ

vS,fxm;aom owåKwkdufaweD,rf

taMumif;vnf; tawmftwefodvm

onf/ þ Titanium owåKonf tvGef

ayghyg;aomfvnf; ckdifcHhygonf/ yGwf

wkdufrIukd cHEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf/ tmumoxJ

vTwfwifcJhaom 'kH;ysHxdyfzl;rsm;rSm þ

owåKjzifh jyKvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdifu &Sif;jyygonf/


www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

142


ppfrjzpfrDu rEÅav;rS t½kd;uk

q&m0efBuD;wpfOD;u qifpG,fjzifh aygif

xdyf½kd;bkoD;twkjyKvkyfí tokH;jyKcJhzl;

aMumif;ukdvnf; a'gufwm ausmfjrifhEkdif

u ajymjyygonf/

1997 ckESpf 'DZifbmvavmuf

wGif a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif rEÅav;aq;

½kHBuD;okdY ajymif;oGm;&jyefonf/ a'gufwm

ausmfjrifhEkdif wpfv wpfBudrfavmuf

&efukef rtlukef;tdrfokdY jyefvmavh&Sd

onf/ oljyefa&mufwkdif; rjzLukd oGm;jy

cJhonf/

1998 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv a'gufwm

ausmfjrifhEkdif &efukefjyefa&mufpOf rjzL

twGuf 0rf;omzG,fpum;Mum;&onf/

aygifxdyf½kd;twkukd uGefysLwmxdef;ud&d

,meJY qGJjzKwfNyD; wifyg;qkH½kd;topf vJ

ay;wJhud&d,meJYtwl ]]jyifopfu q&m

0efESpfa,muf rEÅav;aq;½kHBuD;ukd

a&mufvmr,f/ a':jzLukd rEÅav;ukd ykdY

ay;Ekdifrvm;}} [k a'gufwm ausmfjrifhEkdif

u ar;vmygonf/ uRefawmf csufcsif;

qkH;jzwfvkdufNyD; ]]tefu,fwkdY rEÅav;

aq;½kHBuD;ukd vmcJhr,f/ vm&r,fh&ufukd

om q&majymyg}} [kajymawmh a'guf

wmausmfjrifhEkdifu ]]tefu,fwkdY rEÅav;

aq;½kHukd azazmf0g&Dvukef ta&mufvm

cJhyg/ aqmif;wGif;qkdawmh vlemtwGuf

oufoufomomjzpfwmaygh}} [k ajym

ygonf/ ]]cGJpdwfc b,favmufusrvJ

q&m}} [kar;&m a'gufwm ausmfjrifhEkdif

u ]]wifyg;qkH½kd;pkyfcGufeJY aygifxdyf½kd;bk

oD;twkyg wpfpkHvkH; topfvJ (Total

Hip Replacement) &r,f/ vJ&r,fh

ypönf;ukd rEÅav;aps;csKdu yefcsmyDqkdif

rSm 0,f&r,f/ jyifopfu q&m0efESpfOD;

eJYtwl uRefawmfyg cGJpdwfukoay;r,f/

ukoc ray;&ygbl;/ tefu,fwkdY apw

em&Sdoavmuf rEÅav;t½kd;ukaq;½kHukd

vSLyg}} [k a'gufwm ausmfjrifhEkdifu

ajymygonf/

uRefawmf tdrfjyefa&mufonfESifh

ZeD;rjzLESifh wkdifyifMuygonf/ tvSLaiG

ESifh rEÅav;toGm;tjyef p&dwf? pm;

p&dwfESifh ypönf;ud&d,mtwGuf ukefus

p&dwfrsm;&Sdrnf/ avmavmq,f vuf

xJwGif aiGr&Sdyg/ rMumrDu0,fxm; onfh

qlyg½k (zf) um;wpfpD;awmh &Sdonf/

um;a&mif;NyD; rjzLukd rEÅav;ykdYaq;uk

ay;&ef qkH;jzwfvkdufonf/ um;ukd

a&mif;awmh aiGtjrefvkdaeojzifh 0,f

pOfu 24 odef;? jyefa&mif;awmh ESpfodef;

t½IH;cHNyD; 22 odef;jzifh a&mif;vkduf&

onf/ rEÅav;aq;½kHokdY aiGig;odef;vSL

rnf/ tpm;xkd;vJvS,f&rnfh owåKtwk

wpfpkHtwGuf ig;odef;vsmxm;onf/

toGm;tjyef av,mOfc? um;cESifh pm;

p&dwfrsm;twGuf &Spfodef;cefY ukefus

rnf[krSef;&m pkpkaygif; 18 odef;cefY ukef

usrnf/

onfvkdqkH;jzwfNyD; rjzLukd av

,mOfay:okdY ayGUwif? ayGUcsrnfh ajr;BuD;

zkd;wnfukd rjzLESifhtwl rEÅav;okdY av

,mOfjzifh oGm;apNyD; uRefawmfESifh tdrf

tul a0a0atmifu ta0;ajy;um;jzifh

oGm;cJhonf/ uRefawmfwkdYu &efukefrS

wpf&ufBuKdxGufcJhNyD; rEÅav; a&muf

onfaeY reufwGif csrf;jrompnfav

qdyfodkY aq;½kHum;jzifh rjzLwkdYukd uRefawmf

oGm;BuKdcJhygonf/ zkd;wnfu xkdaeYn

wGif ta0;ajy;um;jzifh &efukefjyefyg

onf/

aiGukefvlyef;rEÅav;t½kd;aq;½kHwGif oD;oefY

cef;r&ojzifh trsm;ESifha&mae&onfh vl

emcef;wGif rjzLae&ygonf/ vlem

apmifha0a0atmifu ckwifvGwfwGif

tdyfweftdyf? vlemqif;oGm;onfhckwif

wGif tdyf&onfhaeYtdyfjzifh wpfywf

ausmftMumwGif wyfxm;onfh t½kd;wkukd

uGefysLwmjzifh qGJcRwfrnfhud&d,mESifh

jyifopfuq&m0efwkdY a&muftvmukd

apmifhcJh&onf/ a&mufvmjyefawmh t

BuD;pm;cGJpdwfukorI (Major Operation)

jyK vkyf&ef rEÅav;t½kd;ukaq;½kHrS ESvkH;

txl;ukq&m0efESifh rjzLukd jy&jyef

onf/ ESvkH;txl;ukq&m0efrSwfcsufu

]]vlemwGif ESvkH;a&m*gjzpfpjyKaeNyD/

ESvkH;tm;enf;aeojzifh cGJpdwfukorI r

jyKoifhyg}} [k a&;vkduf&m a'gufwm

ausmfjrifhEkdif rjzLukd cGJpdwfukojcif; rjyK

&Jawmhyg/

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdifu uRef

awmfhukd ac:ajymygonf/ ]]tefu,fwkdY

ukd uRefawmf tm;emygw,f/ tefu,f

wkdY &efukefjyefNyD; tefwD&JUESvkH;a&m*gukd

aysmufatmifukNyD;rS rEÅav;jyefvmyg/

aemufokH;vtMumrSm jyifopfq&m0ef

awG rEÅav;ukd jyefvmzkdY&Sdygw,f/ 'D

&uftwGif; tefwD&JUESvkH;a&m*gukd

aysmufatmifukaygh/ uRefawmfholi,f

csif; ESvkH;txl;uk a'gufwmatmifcsdef

qD uRefawmf pma&;ay;vkdufygr,f/

tefwD&JUESvkH;a&m*gu jzpfpqkdawmh okH;

vtwGif; aysmufatmifukEkdifrSmyg}} [k

ajymygonf/

onftajctaeaMumifh rEÅav;

oGm;cJhaomfvnf; rjzLukd aq;ruk&bJ

wpfywftMumwGif uRefawmfwkdY &efukef

jyefcJh&ygonf/ toGm;tjyefp&dwfukef

onfu okH;odef;/ vlyifyef; pdwfyifyef;

&onfu okH;odef;wefzkd;ruyg/

atmifaZaq;wkdufESifUa'gufwmatmifcsdef

&efukefa&mufonfESifh a'gufwm

atmifcsdefukd &Sm&onf/ a'gufwm

atmifcsdefu ajrmufOuúvmaq;½kH ESvkH;

Xmewm0efcH/ nae 6 em&DrS 10 em&Dt

xd odrfjzLvrf;ESifh taemf&xmvrf;

axmifh&Sd ]atmifaZ} aq;wkdufwGifxkdifNyD;

10 em&DrS n 12 em&Dtxd Akdvfatmif

ausmfvrf; urf;em;bavmuf&Sd ]atmif

ausmfa&m*g&SmazGa&;} aq;cef;wGif xkdif

onf/ ]atmifaZ} aq;wkdufom uRef

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

143


awmfwkdYtwGuf tqifajyojzifh wpfn

6 em&DrwkdifrDuyif ]atmifaZ} aq;

wkdufokdY uRefawmfwkdY a&mufoGm;yg

onf/ a'gufwmatmifcsdef a&muf

aomtcg tcef;apmifholemjyKu rEÅ

av;a'gufwm ausmfjrifhEkdif\pmygo

jzifh uRefawmfwkdYukd OD;pm;ay;NyD; t&if

qkH;tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifcGifhjyKygonf/

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEk dif\pmukd

MunfhNyD;onfESifh rjzLukd a'gufwm

atmifcsdefu ESvkH;prf;oyfppfaq;yg

onf/ a'gufwmatmifcsdefu ]]tef

u,fwk d Y reufjzefreuf 10 em&D

avmufrSm ajrmufOuúvmyaq;½kHukd

a':jzLukdac:NyD;vmcJhyg/ aemufqkHk;ay:

ESvkH;prf;oyfpufeJY uRefawmf ppfaq;

csifw,f}} [k ajymygonf/

uRefawmfu ]]rjzLeJYtwl reuf

jzef 10 em&DrSm ajrmufOuúvmaq;½kHukd

tefu,fvmcJhr,f}} [k ajymvkdufyg

onf/ ajrmufOuúvmaq;½kHwGif ESvkH;

prf;oyfjzifh rjzLukd prf;oyfppfaq;NyD;

]]a':jzLukd okH;vtwGif; ESvkH;a&m*g

aysmufatmif uRefawmfukay;r,f/ pm;

&r,fhaq;awGukdvnf; uRefawmf a&;

ay;vkdufr,f}} qkdNyD; aq;nTef;ukd a&;

ay;ygonf/ wpfywfwpfcgvnf;

]atmifaZ} aq;wkdufoGm;NyD; rjzLukd

a'gufwm atmifcsdefESifh jy&ygonf/

wpfnwGif a'gufwmatmifcsdefu ]]tef

u,fvnf; toufBuD;NyD/ ESvkH;a&m*g

jzpf? rjzpf BuKdwifprf;xm;&ifaumif;

r,f}} ajymNyD; uRefawmfhESvkH;ukd em;Muyf

jzifh prf;oyfygonf/ a'gufwmatmifcsdef

u ]]tefu,f&JUESvkH;ckefoHu av;av;

rSefrSefeJY toHjyif;awmh tefu,fhwpf

oufrSm ESvkH;a&m*g&zkdY tvm;tvmr&Sd

bl;}} [k rSwfcsufay;ygonf/

]]tefu,f bmavhusifhcef;,lvJ}}

[k xyfar;&m uRefawmfu ]]tefu,f

reufapmapm aoG;ylavhusifhcef;,l&if;

toufjyif;jyif;½SLw,f}} [k ajymjy&m

a'gufwmatmifcsdefu ]]ESvHk;a&m*g

rjzpfvkdwJhvlwkdif; 'Dvkdavhusifhcef;,lzkdY

vkdygw,f}} [k rSwfcsufcsygonf/

oHk;vausmfMumaomtcg rjzLukd

]]ESvHk;a&m*g aysmufoGm;NyD/ tBuD;pm;

cGJpdwfukorI cH,lEkdifNyD}} [laom aq;

rSwfcsufukd a'gufwmatmifcsdefu a&;

ay;ygonf/

þwGif rEÅav;aq;ukoGm;zkd Y

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdifxH rtlukef;tdrfrS

wpfqifh pHkprf;onf/ jyifopfrS q&m0ef

ESpfOD; rEÅav;t½kd;ukaq;½HkokdY a&muf

rnfhaeYukdrSef;NyD; uRefawmfwkdYwpfokduf

c&D;xGufcJhonf/ rjzLESifh olYajr; zkd;

wnfu av,mOfjzifh? uRefawmfESifh tdrf

tul u&ifrav; ]aygayg} u ta0;ajy;

um;jzifh vkdufoGm;ygonf/ (tdrftul

a0a0atmif vufxyfoGm;ojzifh uRefawmf

wkdYtdrfwGif r&Sdawmhyg/)

rEÅav;a&mufonfESifh jyifopf

t½k d;ukq&m0efESpfa,mufESif htwl

a'gufwm ausmfjrifhEkdifwkdY rjzLukd wif

yg;qHk½kd;vHk;0vJvS,fjcif; (Total Hip

Replacement) ukd t½kd;ukaq;½Hk cGJpdwf

cef; (Operation Theater) wGif ESpfem&D

tMum cGJpdwfukoygonf/ cGJpdwfcef;u

xGufvmaomtcg apmifhaeonfh uRef

awmfhukd a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdifu ]]a':

jzLcGJpdwfwm vHk;0atmifjrifw,f/ aoG;

ESpfykvif;yJ oHk;&w,f}} [k ajymygonf/

usefaoG;wpfykvif;ukd aoG;vSLbPfokdY

uRefawmfjyefoGif;cJhonf/

rjzLukd cGJpdwfcef;u o,f,lvm

csdefwGif arhaq;aMumifh owdr&ao;yg/

atmufxyf txl;Muyfrwfaqmif (In-

tensive Care Unit) okd Y yk d Yxm;&yg

onf/

uRefawmf toGm;tvmvG,fap

&ef rEÅav;aq;½HkBuD;teD;rS ukdbcuf\

0rf;uGJtpfr a':apm&D\wkdufwGif

wnf;ckdcJhygonf/ tay:xyfwpfxyfvHk;

wGif uRefawmfwpfa,mufom&Sdonf/

wpfywfvQif ig;&ufcefY wkdufatmufxyf

½Hk;cef;okdY a':apm&D\om; ukdvwf

a&mufvmavh&S donf/ uRefawmf\

edpö"l0tvkyfrSm eHeuf 5 em&D tdyf&mx?

ukd,fvufoefYpifNyD; rdepf 30 Mum usef;

rma&;avhusifh? 6 em&DwGif atmufxyf

qif;? vrf;axmifhrS taMumfqkdifoGm;?

yJuyfaMumfESifh aumufn§if;aygif;0,f?

tem;rS vufzuf&nfqkdifwGif vufzuf

&nfESifh yJuyfaMumf? aumufn§if;aygif;

wkdYukd pm;aomufNyD; rEÅav; t½dk;uk

aq;½HkokdY ajcvsifoGm;? atmufxyf rjzL

&Sd&m txl;aqmifokdYvm? rjzLtajctae

ar;? reufpmukd tdrftul u&ifrav;

0,fay;onfh xrif;? [if;wkdYukd rjzLESifh

twl pm;? wpfa&;tdyf&ef wnf;ckdtdrfokdY

jyef? nae 4 em&DwGif aq;½Hkjyefvm?

aq;½HkwGif xrif;pm;? n 7 em&DavmufrS

wnf;ckdtdrfjyeftdyf&ygonf/

t½kd;ukaq;½HktwGuf jyifopftultnDwpfaeY we*FaEGaeY eHeuf 10 em

&DcGJavmufwGif a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif

aq;½HkokdY a&mufvmygonf/ olemjyK

wpfa,mufvmac:ojzifh uRefawmf

vkdufoGm;cJhygonf/ a'gufwm ausmf

jrifhEkdifwpfa,mufwnf; ol½Hk;cef;wGif&Sd

aeonf/ oltm;aeojzifh pum; pjrnf

ajym&ef ac:cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; &Sif;jyyg

onf/

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdifu]]tefu,f

odcsifwJh jyifopfq&m0efawGeJY uRefawmf

tquftoG,f b,fvkd&cJhw,f? t½kd;

ukoa&;rSm jyifopfEkdifiH aq;wuúokdvf

u b,fvkdulnDaew,fqkdwmukd uRefawmf

ajymjyygr,f}}

]]vGefcJhwJh &SpfESpfavmufu uRef

awmfhukd tpkd;&u t½kd;ukaq;ynm xyf

oifzkdY jyifopfEkdifiH aq;wuúokdvf&JUt

axmuftyHheJY jyifopfukd vTwfcJhw,f/

tJ'Daq;wuúokdvfrSm uRefawmf wpfESpf

MumcJhw,f/ tJ'Daq;½kHu ygarmu©eJY

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

144


uRrf;0ifcifrifcJhw,f/ jyifopfEkdifiH[m

'kwd,urÇmppfrwkdifrDu AD,uferf?

uarÇm'D;,m;eJY vmtkdEkdifiHwkdYukd tkyfpkd;cJh

w,f/ tJ'Duwnf;u tJ'DoHk;EkdifiH[m

jyifopfEkdifiHeJY EkdifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrI

a&;wkdYrSm tqufrjzwfcJhbl;/ jyifopf

EkdifiHu ol&JUukdvkdeDa[mif;EkdifiHawGukd pD;

yGm;a&;eJY vlrIa&;tultnDawG rjywf

ay;cJhw,f/ vGefcJhwJh ESpf 20 avmufu

pNyD; jyifopfEkdifiHaq;wuúokdvfawGu

tJ'DoHk;EkdifiHukd aq;ynm&yfrSm ypönf;ud&d

,mawGyg tultnDay;cJhygw,f/ uRef

awmfwufa&mufoifMum;cJ hwJh aq;

wuúokdvfu t½kd;tqpfcGJpdwfrIynmukd

txl;jyKoifMum;ay;wJh wuúokdvfyg/

tJ'Daq;wuúokdvfu acgif;aqmifNyD;

olwkdYukdvkdeDa[mif;oHk;EkdifiHtwGuf ESpf

pOf t½kd;tqpfukaq;ynmoifzkdY q&m

0efeJY olemjyKawGukd ac:,loifMum;ay;

aeygw,f/

vGefcJhwJh 10 ESpfavmufupNyD;

xkdif;EkdifiHtpkd;&&JU arwåm&yfcHcsufeJY

t½kd;ukaq;ynm oifMum;a&;eJY aq;

ypönf;taxmuftyHhawGukd xdkif;EkdifiHukd

tJ'Djyifopfaq;wuúokdvfu ay;cJhygw,f/

uRefawmfvnf; rEÅav; aq;½HkrSm

wm0efusaewkef; rEÅav;t½kd;ukaq;½kH

twGuf taxmuftyHhay;zkdY uRefawmfh

q&m ygarmu©ukd tultnDawmif;

cJhygw,f/ tJ'Dygarmu©uvnf; tul

tnDay;ygw,f/ rEÅav;t½kd;ukaq;½Hk

ESpfxyftaqmufttkHeJY aq;½HkoHk;ypönf;

oHk;ud&d,mawGukd jyifopfaq;wuúokdvf

u vSLxm;wmyg/

Total Hip Replacement puf

ud&d,mawGeJY 'l;acgif;½kd;wpfckvHk; tpm;

xkd;vJvS,fjcif; (Total Kneel Replace-

ment) twGuf uGefysLwmxdef;pufud&d

,mawG[m a':vmoef;csDwefwJhtwGuf

uRefawmfwkdYukd rvSLEkdifbl;/ toHk;jyKcGifh

omay;aeygw,f/

jyifopf&JU ukdvkdeDa[mif;jzpfwJh

uarÇm'D;,m;EkdifiHrSm tJ'Dpufud&d,mukd

yHkaoxm;NyD; tvSnfhus vmtkd? xkdif;eJY

jrefrmEkdifiHawGukd pufukdifol q&m0ef

rsm;ESifhtwl ykdYay;NyD; ukoay;aeyg

w,f/ AD,uferfEkdifiHukdawmh oD;jcm;

pufud&d,mwpfpHk vSLxm;ygw,f/

t½kd;ukynm&yfukd oifMum;ay;zkdY

rEÅav;u q&m0efeJY olemjyKawGukd jyif

opfEkdifiHu aq;wuúokdvfukd uRefawmfwkdY

ESpfpOfykdYNyD; oifMum;ay;aeygw,f/ ckqkd

&if tJ'Djyifopfaq;wuúokdvfausmif;

qif;q&m0efav;a,mufeJY olemjyK 15

a,muf&SdaeygNyD/

MunfUjrifwkdift½kd;ukaq;½Hk&efukefMunfhjrifwkdifrSm&SdwJh t½kd;

ukaq;½HktwGufvnf; pufud&d,mawG

vSLzkdYtpDtpOfawG&Sdygw,f/ cufaewm

u uRefawmfhukd wlom;vkdcifrifNyD;

tultnDay;aewmjzpfawmh uRefawmf

&efukefjyefa&mufrS tJ'Dt½kd;uk puf

ud&d,mawGeJY aq;ypönf;awG Munfhjrif

wkdift½kd;ukaq;½HktwGuf &rvkd jzpfae

ygw,f/

rjzL cGJpdwf'Pf&m vHk;0aysmufonf

txd uRefawmfwkdY rEÅav;wGif&uf

aygif;ESpfq,fMumcJhygw,f/ rarQmfvifh

onfhp&dwfpursm;oGm;ojzifh rjzLjyef

p&dwfav,mOfc rusefawmhyg/

]]a':jzLaq;½Hku qif;EkdifNyD}} [k

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdif ajymaomtcg

uRefawmfu ]]q&m uRefawmfwkdY rD;&

xm;eJYjyef&ifjzpfrvm;}} [k ar;vkdufyg

onf/

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEkdifu ]]jzpfyg

w,f}} vkd&r,f& tefwDhukd uRefawmf

Akdvfvfwm&if (tukduftcJaysmufaq;)

wpfvHk; xkd;ay;vkdufr,f}} [k ajymyg

onf/

rEÅav;blwm½HkBuD;u reuf 8

em&DwGif &xm;xGufcJhNyD; &efukefblwm

BuD;okdY aemufwpfaeY reuf 9 em&DwGif

&xm;qkdufygonf/

a'gufwmausmfjrifhEk dif aemuf

oHk;ESpftMum &efukefokdY jyefa&mufonfh

tcg t½kd;uk uGefysLwmxdef;pufud&d

,mrsm;ESifh aq;ypönf;ESifhtwl Munfh

jrifwkdift½kd;ukaq;½HkokdY jyifopfq&m

0efrsm;vma&mufukornfhowif; Mum;

cJh&ygonf/ touf 82 ESpf&Sd "EkjzLNrdKU

e,ftoif;Ouú|a[mif; OD;tkef;cif nm

buf'l;acgif;½kd;ysufpD;aeojzifh a'guf

wmausmfjrifhEkdifESifh uRefawmfqufoG,f

ay;cJhygonf/ þtquftoG,fjzifh OD;

tkef;cif Munfhjrifwkdift½kd;ukaq;½HkokdY

wufa&mufukocJhonf/ OD;tkef;cifwGif

qD;csKda&m*g&Sdojzifh qD;csKdukd t&ifcsNyD;rS

jyifopfq&m0efrsm;ESifh a'gufwmausmf

jrifhEkdifwkdY OD;tkef;cif\ ysufpD;aeonfh

'l;xdyf½kd;wpfckvHk;ukd tpm;xkd;vJvS,f

ay;cJh&m atmifjrifcJhygonf/ a&m*g

aMumifh tdyf&mxufvJaeaom OD;tkef;

cif vrf;jyefavQmufEkdifygonf/ OD;tkef;

cifu Munhfjrifwkdift½kd;ukaq;½kHokdY

odef; 30 vSLcJhygonf/

ZeD; rjzLonf oHk;Budrfwkdif aygif

xdyf½kd;ukd cGJpdwfukocJh&ygonf/ aemuf

ykdif;wGif tukduftcJaysmufaq; (Niclo-

fanae) ukd aeYpOf ntdyf&m0ifcsdefwGif

xkd;ay;cJh&ygonf/ ZeD;rjzLonf uRef

awmfhxuf oHk;ESpfBuD;ygonf/ t½kd;yG

a&m*gonf rjzLukd uRefawmf 13 ESpf

wkdif jyKpkcJh&ygonf/ a&m*gonf rjzL

onf tvGeftm;enf;vmojzifh 2005

ckESpf 'DZifbmv 6 &ufaeYwGif aq;½Hk

BuD;ESifheD;onfh 18 vrf;xdyf&Sd om;

armif &JjrifhtdrfokdY ajymif;cJh&ygonf/

xdktdrf wGifyif 2006 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv

9 &ufaeY eHeuf 5 em&DwGif vlBuD;

a&m*gjzihf rjzL nifnifomomuG,fvGefcJh

ygonf/

ocifwifjrocifwifjr

ocifwifjrocifwifjrocifwifjr

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

146


olwkdhqDu tkd;tdrfudpöukd0rf;

aumufwGif uRefawmfwnf;ckdaom tdrf\tzGifhu 18 aycefY&S d\/aumufwGif uRefawmfwnf;ckdaom tdrf\tzGifhu 18 aycefY&S d\/

aumufwGif uRefawmfwnf;ckdaom tdrf\tzGifhu 18 aycefY&S d\/aumufwGif uRefawmfwnf;ckdaom tdrf\tzGifhu 18 aycefY&S d\/aumufwGif uRefawmfwnf;ckdaom tdrf\tzGifhu 18 aycefY&S d\/

NcH0if;wHcg;rS0if0ifcsif; 10 aycefYu um;xm;&efjzpfonf/ ,if;rSNcH0if;wHcg;rS0if0ifcsif; 10 aycefYu um;xm;&efjzpfonf/ ,if;rS

NcH0if;wHcg;rS0if0ifcsif; 10 aycefYu um;xm;&efjzpfonf/ ,if;rSNcH0if;wHcg;rS0if0ifcsif; 10 aycefYu um;xm;&efjzpfonf/ ,if;rSNcH0if;wHcg;rS0if0ifcsif; 10 aycefYu um;xm;&efjzpfonf/ ,if;rS

tkwfavSum;wpfxpfwufaomf tdrf0ifayguf jzpfonf/ atmufxyfonftkwfavSum;wpfxpfwufaomf tdrf0ifayguf jzpfonf/ atmufxyfonf

tkwfavSum;wpfxpfwufaomf tdrf0ifayguf jzpfonf/ atmufxyfonftkwfavSum;wpfxpfwufaomf tdrf0ifayguf jzpfonf/ atmufxyfonftkwfavSum;wpfxpfwufaomf tdrf0ifayguf jzpfonf/ atmufxyfonf

cef;rus,fBuD;jzpfNyD; tay:wufrnfhavSum;ESifhuyfvsufu tdrfom? a&csKd;cef;rus,fBuD;jzpfNyD; tay:wufrnfhavSum;ESifhuyfvsufu tdrfom? a&csKd;

cef;rus,fBuD;jzpfNyD; tay:wufrnfhavSum;ESifhuyfvsufu tdrfom? a&csKd;cef;rus,fBuD;jzpfNyD; tay:wufrnfhavSum;ESifhuyfvsufu tdrfom? a&csKd;cef;rus,fBuD;jzpfNyD; tay:wufrnfhavSum;ESifhuyfvsufu tdrfom? a&csKd;

cef;jzpfonf/ a&csKd;cef;a&SUtaygufrS0ifaomf rD;zkdcef;jzpfí tdrftzGifhtwkdif;cef;jzpfonf/ a&csKd;cef;a&SUtaygufrS0ifaomf rD;zkdcef;jzpfí tdrftzGifhtwkdif;

cef;jzpfonf/ a&csKd;cef;a&SUtaygufrS0ifaomf rD;zkdcef;jzpfí tdrftzGifhtwkdif;cef;jzpfonf/ a&csKd;cef;a&SUtaygufrS0ifaomf rD;zkdcef;jzpfí tdrftzGifhtwkdif;cef;jzpfonf/ a&csKd;cef;a&SUtaygufrS0ifaomf rD;zkdcef;jzpfí tdrftzGifhtwkdif;

&Snfvsm;í teHurl ig;aycefY&S dNyD; xrif;pm;cef;tjzpf tokH;jyKí&onf/&Snfvsm;í teHurl ig;aycefY&S dNyD; xrif;pm;cef;tjzpf tokH;jyKí&onf/

&Snfvsm;í teHurl ig;aycefY&S dNyD; xrif;pm;cef;tjzpf tokH;jyKí&onf/&Snfvsm;í teHurl ig;aycefY&S dNyD; xrif;pm;cef;tjzpf tokH;jyKí&onf/&Snfvsm;í teHurl ig;aycefY&S dNyD; xrif;pm;cef;tjzpf tokH;jyKí&onf/

rD;zkdurl *ufpfrD;zkdjzpfonf/ *ufpfukefaomf vrf;xdyfukefpkHqkdifokdY zkef;qufrD;zkdurl *ufpfrD;zkdjzpfonf/ *ufpfukefaomf vrf;xdyfukefpkHqkdifokdY zkef;quf

rD;zkdurl *ufpfrD;zkdjzpfonf/ *ufpfukefaomf vrf;xdyfukefpkHqkdifokdY zkef;qufrD;zkdurl *ufpfrD;zkdjzpfonf/ *ufpfukefaomf vrf;xdyfukefpkHqkdifokdY zkef;qufrD;zkdurl *ufpfrD;zkdjzpfonf/ *ufpfukefaomf vrf;xdyfukefpkHqkdifokdY zkef;quf

u wpfvkH;,lvmum ykdufjzKwfí jyefqufay;oGm;onf/u wpfvkH;,lvmum ykdufjzKwfí jyefqufay;oGm;onf/

u wpfvkH;,lvmum ykdufjzKwfí jyefqufay;oGm;onf/u wpfvkH;,lvmum ykdufjzKwfí jyefqufay;oGm;onf/u wpfvkH;,lvmum ykdufjzKwfí jyefqufay;oGm;onf/

avSum;rSwufwufcsif;u bk&m;

cef;jzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmomEkdifiHrkdY bkef;

BuD;qGrf;auR;zkdY&ef bk&m;cef;ukd tus,f

BuD;xm;ay;onf/ avSum;ESifh wnfh

wnfhwGif tay:xyfa&csKd;cef; jzpf

onf/ a&csKd;cef;a&SU vloGm;vrf;i,f\

ab;wGif wpfa,mufcef;jzpfonf/ aemuf

az;utdyfcef;url tdrftzGifhtwkdif;

tcef;us,fBuD;jzpfí tjyifxGufaomf

0&efwm&Sdonf/ bk&m;cef;rS tjyifxGuf

vQifvnf; 0&efwmtwkd&Sdonf/ acwfrD

tdrfwkdYxkH;pHESifhtnD jcifvkHoHqefcgwyf

xm;ygonf/ þtdrfiSm;conf 1990

ckESpf bwfokH;axmifjzpfí a&zkd;? rD;zkd;

aygif;aomf bwf 4500 cefYusoifhav

onf/ ,if;qGdKify&m0Spfvrf;0if0ifcsif;

vkH;csif;tdrfrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; þtdrf\

nmbufrSpum b,fbufvrf;wpf

avQmufwGif þtdrfESifhtvm;wl ykHpHwl

wpfqufwnf;jzpfavonf/ aemif

[kdem;'Dem;vrf;avQmuf&if;Munfhaomf

tvm;wl ykHpHwl tdrfvkH;csif;wJGawGukd

jrifawGU&ygonf/

rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh Apartment

bef

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

147


awGESifh aeMuonf/ ,if;tjyif uGef'kd

rDeD,HawGvnf;&Sdonf/ uGef'kdu ykdBuD;

onf/ tdyfcef;ESpfcef;? okH;cef;awGyg

onf/ Apartment u tdrfcef;wpfcef;

ygwm&Sdovkd rygwmvnf;&Sdonf/ xkdif;

EkdifiHwGif EkdifiHjcm;om;ajr0,fcGifhr&Sdyg/

Oyrm-,ckwnf;ckdtdrfonf ajrygae

aomaMumifh EkdifiHjcm;om;u 0,fír&

yg/ Apartment wkdY? uGef'kdrDeD,HwkdYukd

om 0,fcGifh&Sdonf/ befaumufNrdKUawmf

wGif qif;&Jom;wJtdrfawG&Sdonf/ wJ

tdrfqkdaomfvnf; oGyfrkd;xm;onf/

wcsKdUtdrfawGu oGyfvJvS,faomtcg

ta[mif;ukd vTifhypfonf/ olwkdYtwGuf

ta[mif;ayonhf qif;&Jom;twGufu jzifh

taumif;jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh olwkdY

qDrSmu qif;&J&wmawmif oGyfrdk;jzifh

qif;&Javonf/

rav;&Sm;ukd pa&mufaomaeYrSmyJ

bef'gbm½l;qkdonfh NrdKUopfwpfckukd

a&mufoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ todaeaom

NrdKUopfrsm;vm;qkdNyD; vdyfpmukdifí vkduf

&Smonf/ NrdKUopfwGif wkdufvkH;csif;av;

awGukd,fpDjzpf\/ vrf;azmufjyD;om;?

uwå&mvrf;cif;NyD;om;? "mwfrD;wkdif

oG,fNyD;om;? bwfpfum;ajy;NyD;om;/

tm;vkH; tqifoifhjzpfonf/ NrdKUoufwrf;

odyfr&Sdao;[kwGufq&onf/ wkdufawG

tm;vkH;u topfvwfvwfqwfqwf/

pkdufxm;aomopfyifawGu rBuD;ao;yg/

a[mifaumifwGif vlpnfum;&m ü

wkdufcef;awGjzpfaomfvnf; wcsKdUae

&mawGu vkH;csif;jzpfonf/ a[mif

aumif tdrfajraps;uGuf aumif;onf/

w½kwfjynfokdYrvTJrD wcsKdUu uae'g?

tar&duef ajymif;oGm;onf/ okH;ESpf

cefYaeNyD; a[mifaumifjyefvmaom tcg

ukd,fhtdrfukd jyefír0,fEkdifawmh/ aps;u

tqrwef BuD;aeNyDjzpfonf/

rumtkdwpfNrdKUvkH;rSmu wkdufcef;

awGjzpfonf/ Hall Type awGr[kwf

yg/ tcef;awGzJGUxm;onf/ rumtkdwGif

tdrfNcHajrukrÜPDawGu olwkdYtcef;a&SU

rSm tcef;ykHpHESifh teD;pyfqkH;aps;a&;&ef

uyfxm;onf/ 0,fvdkolu tjyifuae

avhvm? BudKufwmawGUaomf 0ifípHkprf;/

ta&mif;csnf;r[kwf/ tiSm;vnf;yg

\/ tiSm;u wpfvc yGJcay;&onf/

ta&mif;url ESpf&mcdkifEIef; jzpfonf/

wkdufcef;tac:ta0:awGu þodkYjzpf

onf/ ,wfazmif;,wfwif; qdkonfu

wpfcef;wpfxyf? wif;qdkonfu trdk;

jzpfonf/ avsmifazmif;,wfwif;u

ESpfcef;wpfrkd; (wpfxyf) jzpfonf/ qrf;

azmif;avsmifwif;qkdonfu ESpfxyfokH;

cef;jzpfonf/ wkdufcef;ukdyJ yxrxyf?

'kwd,xyf&SdNyD; aMumifvdrfavSum;vkd

avSum;tao;jzifh qufxm;onf/ a&TU

ajymif;tvkyform;awGu tcef;wpf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

148


cef;ukdyJ iSm;ae&onf/ zdvpfykdifawGu

vlrsm;&m wpfOD;u pay:wpfvcwifí

wpfxyfvkH;iSm;vkdufonf/ aemuftcef;

awGukd jyefiSm;pm;onf/

olwkdYt&yfrSm wkdufcef;0,f&wm

vG,fonf/ ckdifNrJaomtvkyfwpfck&Sdu

bPfu ykdufqHacs;í 0,f½kHjzpfonf/

bPfu0,frnfh wkdufcef;ukdMunfhyg

onf/ 15 ESpf? tESpf 20 Mumjrifhae

aom wkdufcef;rsKd;qkdu racs;yg/ topf

okdYr[kwf oifhwifhaomoufwrf;&Sdonfh

wkdufcef;ukd 0,fzkdYomacs;onf/ 15 ESpf

cefY twkd;t&if;t&pfusqyf&ygonf/

wkdufcef;awG\ t0if0wGif ESdyf&ef

cvkwfav;rsm;&Sd\/ Oyrm-ig;xyf

attcef;qkdwm 5(A) cvkwfukd ESdyfyg/

xkdtcg ,if;tcef;wGif tifwmaumvf

ukd aq;aMumonf/ pkaygif;uscHMu&

\/ ,cktcg &efukefNrdKUwGif; tcsKdUuGef

'kdrsm;wGif þtifwmaumvftokH;jyKrI

pepfukd wcsKdUaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;

rsm;u tokH;jyKíaeygNyD/ ykdíawmif

acwfrD\/ armfeDwm (Monitor) uifr

&mwyfxm;í rnfolvmonfukdyif

tay:u jrifEkdifonfqkd\/

rumtkdonfNrdKUusOf;av;wGif

vlOD;a& av;odef;aeonfjzpf&m ukd,f

ykdiftdrf&mNcH0if;u &Sdawmh&Sd\/ enf;\/

olaX;BuD;rsm;omaeEkdif\/ þokdY ae

awmhvnf; vkHNcKHa&;ESifh armfeDwm uifr

&mwyfxm;NyD;aeMu&\/ wkdufcef;u

0if;NcHxufykdí vkHNcKH\/ xkdt&yfwGif

wkdufcef;0,fu tcsKdUu tay:qkH;xyf

ukda&G;0,f\/ tay:qkH;xyfukd wpfxyf

vdyfpmwGif w½kwfvkd wkdif[m?

ay:wl*Dvkd Edificio trnfudk xnfh

a&;&onf/ vlaewkdufwkdif;rSm emrnf

&Sdonf/ uRefawmfaecJhaomwkdufu

],dwfxdkif} jzpfonf/ ,if;wkdufcef;onf

tzGifh 24 ay&SdNyD; aemufukd ay 30

cefY&Sdonf/ [kdbufcef;ESifhMum;rSm avS

um;&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh ,if;taqmuf

ttHkonf 48 ayay:wGif aqmufxm;

jcif;jzpfonf/ aemufaz;wkduf [kdbuf

cef;'Dbufcef;Mum;wGif 12 ayywfvnf

cefYav0if&ef uGufvyf&Sdonf/ tpkd;&

uaqmufaom wkdufcef;vnf;&Sdum

aps;tenf;i,foufomonf/ tpkd;&

wkdufcef;ukd yk*¾vdu0efxrf;vnf; 0,f

í&ygonf/

omref Apartment wkdufcef;u

odyfrjrifhyg/ ajcmufxyfu tjrifhqkH;

jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh ,if;udkaqmuf

aomtcg ykdifwkdif½kdufroGif;yg/ txyf

20 vkd uGef'kdeD,HaqmufvQifawmh ykdif½kduf

oGif;ygonf/ uGef'kdwGif "mwfavSum;

ygonf/ "mwfavSum;zkd;u wpfvukd

300 ygwmuyf usoifhonf/ NyD;awmh

vkHNcKHa&;vnf; xm;&onf/ oefY&Sif;a&;

p&dwfvnf; &Sdonf/ Murf;ukd tm;vkH;

u ygau;cif;onf/ jyefvnfrGrf;rHjcif;

(Renovation) vkyfaomtcg npfywf

aeaomMurf;ukd pufESifhpm;ypfum aygvpf

wifavonf/

þum; olwkdYt&yfu tkd;tdrfykHpH

jzpfygonf/

ukd0rf;ukd0rf;

ukd0rf;ukd0rf;ukd0rf;

(Inter Call) wGif toHjrnfonf/ tdrf&Sif

u pum;ajymcGufukdrí b,folvJ[k

ar;onf? vmonfholu olYtrnf ajym

rnf/ xkdtcg vufcHygu tdrf&Sifu

wHcg;zGifhonfhtay:u cvkwfukdESdyfum

zGifhay;vkdufaomtcg t0if0wHcg;u

yGifhoGm;um 0ifí&onf/ ,if;wkdufcef;

rsm;\ t0if0wHcg;rsm;onf vQyfppf

cvkwfjzifh tzGifhtydwfNyKonf/ zGifhyg

ydwfygrsm;aomfysufonf (okdYr[kwf)

wHcg;topfvJzkdYvkdrnf/ þwkdufcef;

rsm;wGifaeaomolawGu usoifho

avmufay;í jyifMu&onf/ þuJhokdY

wkdufcef;rsm;wGif OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKol

wpfOD;ukd a&G;xm;Muonf/ trsm;okH;

avSum;jzpfay&m npfywfonf/ wpfv

wpfcgoefY&Sif;a&;orm;ukdac:í avSum;

xyfwifum rdrdae\/ rlvtxyfukd

tiSm;cs\/ olwkdYqDu tdrfacgifrkd;u

oGyfrkd;r[kwfyg/ tay:qkH;xyfukd t*Faw

avmif;NyD;rkd;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkrSm 8

vufr 9 vufrcefY xlonf/ ,if;okdY

t*Fawtrkd;rkd;xm;í aemufwpfxyf

xyfwifí&jcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;txyf

onf w&m;r0ifyg/ uRefawmf 10 ESpf

ausmfaecJhaom wkdufcef;wGif jrefrm

EkdifiHtdrf&SifZeD;armifESHu ESpfxyfawmif

wifxm;ygao;onf/ a[mifaumif

owif;pmwGif þuJhokdY w&m;r0if

txyfwifxm;rIrsm;ukd ta&;,lrnf[k

rMumcPa&;om;onf/ wu,fawmh

tpkd;&u rvkyfyg/ 'Dt&yfrSmu w&m;

r0iftxyfwpfxyfwifonfu xkH;pHvkd

jzpfvkdYaeygNyD/

olwkdht&yfrSm wkdufcef;0,f&wm vG,fonf/ ckdifNrJaomtvkyfwpfck&Sdu bPfu ykdufqHacs;í 0,f½kHjzpfonf/ bPfu0,frnfUwkdufcef;ukd MunfUygonf/ 15 ESpf? tESpf 20 MumjrifUaeaom wkdufcef;rsKd;qkduracs;yg/ topf okdhr[kwf oifUwifUaomoufwrf;&SdonfUwkdufcef;ukd 0,fzkdhomacs;onf/ 15 ESpfcefh twkd;t&if; t&pfusqyf&ygonf/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

150


awmfonf pD;yGm;a&;twGuf vkyfief;wpfckvkyfrnf[k awG;awmawmfonf pD;yGm;a&;twGuf vkyfief;wpfckvkyfrnf[k awG;awm

awmfonf pD;yGm;a&;twGuf vkyfief;wpfckvkyfrnf[k awG;awmawmfonf pD;yGm;a&;twGuf vkyfief;wpfckvkyfrnf[k awG;awmawmfonf pD;yGm;a&;twGuf vkyfief;wpfckvkyfrnf[k awG;awm

BuHqae&mrS aemufqkH;wGif aq;ukcef;wpfckukd xlaxmifjzpfcJ hygBuHqae&mrS aemufqkH;wGif aq;ukcef;wpfckukd xlaxmifjzpfcJ hyg

BuHqae&mrS aemufqkH;wGif aq;ukcef;wpfckukd xlaxmifjzpfcJ hygBuHqae&mrS aemufqkH;wGif aq;ukcef;wpfckukd xlaxmifjzpfcJ hygBuHqae&mrS aemufqkH;wGif aq;ukcef;wpfckukd xlaxmifjzpfcJ hyg

onf/ ESpfaygif; 30 twGif; awGUBuKHcJ h&aom tqkd;taumif;rsm;ukd pmzJGUíonf/ ESpfaygif; 30 twGif; awGUBuKHcJ h&aom tqkd;taumif;rsm;ukd pmzJGUí

onf/ ESpfaygif; 30 twGif; awGUBuKHcJ h&aom tqkd;taumif;rsm;ukd pmzJGUíonf/ ESpfaygif; 30 twGif; awGUBuKHcJ h&aom tqkd;taumif;rsm;ukd pmzJGUíonf/ ESpfaygif; 30 twGif; awGUBuKHcJ h&aom tqkd;taumif;rsm;ukd pmzJGUí

rukefEkdifaomfvnf; aq;ukcef;xlaxmifolrsm;? aq;ukay;aomq&m0efrsm;?rukefEkdifaomfvnf; aq;ukcef;xlaxmifolrsm;? aq;ukay;aomq&m0efrsm;?

rukefEkdifaomfvnf; aq;ukcef;xlaxmifolrsm;? aq;ukay;aomq&m0efrsm;?rukefEkdifaomfvnf; aq;ukcef;xlaxmifolrsm;? aq;ukay;aomq&m0efrsm;?rukefEkdifaomfvnf; aq;ukcef;xlaxmifolrsm;? aq;ukay;aomq&m0efrsm;?

aq;ukocH,laomvlemrsm;? vlem&Sifrsm; odoifhodxkdufaom taMumif;aq;ukocH,laomvlemrsm;? vlem&Sifrsm; odoifhodxkdufaom taMumif;

aq;ukocH,laomvlemrsm;? vlem&Sifrsm; odoifhodxkdufaom taMumif;aq;ukocH,laomvlemrsm;? vlem&Sifrsm; odoifhodxkdufaom taMumif;aq;ukocH,laomvlemrsm;? vlem&Sifrsm; odoifhodxkdufaom taMumif;

t&mrsm;ukd a&;om;azmfjycJh&m ,ckaqmif;yg;wGif aq;ukoa&;vkyfief;rSt&mrsm;ukd a&;om;azmfjycJh&m ,ckaqmif;yg;wGif aq;ukoa&;vkyfief;rS

t&mrsm;ukd a&;om;azmfjycJh&m ,ckaqmif;yg;wGif aq;ukoa&;vkyfief;rSt&mrsm;ukd a&;om;azmfjycJh&m ,ckaqmif;yg;wGif aq;ukoa&;vkyfief;rSt&mrsm;ukd a&;om;azmfjycJh&m ,ckaqmif;yg;wGif aq;ukoa&;vkyfief;rS

twk,lzG,f? av;pm;MunfndKzG,faumif;aom q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm;?twk,lzG,f? av;pm;MunfndKzG,faumif;aom q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm;?

twk,lzG,f? av;pm;MunfndKzG,faumif;aom q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm;?twk,lzG,f? av;pm;MunfndKzG,faumif;aom q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm;?twk,lzG,f? av;pm;MunfndKzG,faumif;aom q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm;?

0efxrf;rsm;taMumif;ukdvnf; azmfjyvkdpdwfay:vmjyefygonf/ okdYjzpfí0efxrf;rsm;taMumif;ukdvnf; azmfjyvkdpdwfay:vmjyefygonf/ okdYjzpfí

0efxrf;rsm;taMumif;ukdvnf; azmfjyvkdpdwfay:vmjyefygonf/ okdYjzpfí0efxrf;rsm;taMumif;ukdvnf; azmfjyvkdpdwfay:vmjyefygonf/ okdYjzpfí0efxrf;rsm;taMumif;ukdvnf; azmfjyvkdpdwfay:vmjyefygonf/ okdYjzpfí

þaqmif;yg;ukd xyfrHa&;om;azmfjyvkduf&jyefygonf/þaqmif;yg;ukd xyfrHa&;om;azmfjyvkduf&jyefygonf/

þaqmif;yg;ukd xyfrHa&;om;azmfjyvkduf&jyefygonf/þaqmif;yg;ukd xyfrHa&;om;azmfjyvkduf&jyefygonf/þaqmif;yg;ukd xyfrHa&;om;azmfjyvkduf&jyefygonf/

uRefawmfaq;ukcef;ukd 1976 ck

ESpfwGif pwifzGifhvSpfcJh&m txl;ukq&m

0efrsm;ESifh r&if;ESD;aom vlemrsm;&Sd&m

a'owGif zGifhvSpfrdom;jzpfaeygonf/

NrdKUolNrdKUom;trsm;pkonf ½kd;½kd;bJGU&

q&m0efrsm;ESifh ukoae&m aq;cef;oGm;

í wpfcgjyvQif ig;usyfrS 10 usyf

twGif;om ukefusygonf/ xkdtcsdef

tcgrsKd;wGif txl;ukaq;cef;wpfcef;ukd

zGifhvSpfvkduf&m vlemwpfOD;vmjyvQif

txl;ukq&m0efBuD;\ prf;oyfcrSm 32

usyfjzpfNyD; aq;zkd;ESifh pm&Gufpmwrf;

aMu;aygif;vkdufvQif aiG 50 usyfryg

vQif aq;rukEkdifawmhyg/ þwGif rdwf

r&Sdao;aom aq;ukcef;topfwGif aps;

EIef;u BuD;jrifhaeí vlemawGu rBudKuf

awmhyg/ tJ'Daq;cef;u aps;odyfBuD;

wm olrsm;xuf av;qavmuf,lw,f}}

qkdaom pum;onf wpfNrdKUe,fvkH; ysHUESHY

oGm;ygawmhonf/

uRefawmf aq;ukcef;vkyfief;ukd

tawmfpdwfysufoGm;ygonf/ txif

ESifhvufawGUonf rsm;pGmuGmjcm;ae

onfukd awGU&ygonf/ aq;ukcef;vkyf

ief;uk d pdwfysufaepOf uRefawmf h

ausmif;aezufoli,fcsif;rsm;rS bJGUvGef

q&m0efBuD;jzpfaeMuaomolrsm;u ul

nDMuygonf/ ]]oli,fcsif; pdwfrysufeJY?

wkdYawG aq;cef;vmxkdifay;r,f? vlem

r&vnf; naepm xrif;pkpm;NyD; jyefMu

wmaygh}} [k ajymNyD; aq;cef;xkdifay;Mu

ygonf/ xkdoli,fcsif;rsm;rSm a'gufwm

0if;ukd (om;zGm;rD;,yftxl;uk)? a'guf

wmvSjrifhcspf (orm;awmf)? a'gufwm

armifndK (rsufpd)? a'gufwm&D&Djrifh (em;?

ESmacgif;? vnfacsmif;) ESif h xkdol

i,fcsif;q&m0efrsm; ajymay;í aq;

cef;xkdifay;aom a'gufwm armifarmif

at; (cJGpdwf) wkdYyif jzpfygonf/

xkdq&m0efBuD;rsm;tultnDjzifh

qif;&JvQif aiGr,l? tcrJhukoay;? aiG

uRef

olwkdhvkdvlrsm;armifarmifwif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

151


ay;Ekdifolvlemrsm;xJrS tenf;qkH; tc

aMu;aiGukd,lí pcJhMu&m ajcmufv

ausmfvmaomtcg txl;ukq&m0ef

rsm;ESif h aq;uk&onfrSm xda&muf

aMumif; NrdKUe,fol? NrdKUe,fom;rsm; od&Sd

vmMuygonf/ uRefawmfhaq;ukcef;

onf t&Sdef&vmygonf/ tqkdygq&m

0efrsm;onf oli,fcsif;tay: cifrif

wG,fwmrIjzifh wpfESpfcefY uRefawmfhaq;

cef;ukd ulnDcJhNyD; vlemaygif;rsm;pGm ukef

usrIoufompGmjzifh a&m*gukoaysmuf

uif;apcJhygonf/

uRefawmfaq;ukcef;xlaxmifí

15 ESpfcefYMumaomtcg txl;ukq&m

0efrsm; pkHpkHnDnD&Sdvmygonf/ okdYaomf

vkyfief;wkd;csJU&ef aiGaMu;rEkdifeif;ao;

ojzifh twGif;vlemukd c&D;a0;vlemrsm;

om ukoay;EkdifNyD; ywf0ef;usifrSvlem

rsm;ukd aq;cef;wGif xm;ay;Ekdifjcif;r&Sd

yg/ aq;cef;wGif tao;pm;cJGpdwfuko

EkdifaomcJGpdwfcef;i,f (Minor Theatre)

wpfckvnf; xnfhoGif;zJGUpnf;xm;yg

onf/ wpf&ufwGif e,frS ta&;wBuD;

a&m*gESifh vlemukd cJGpdwftxl;ukq&m

0efBuD; a'gufwm0if;jrifhu prf;oyfppf

aq;NyD; csufcsif;cJGpdwf&rnfjzpfonf/

&SdonfhcJGpdwfcef;wGifyif cJGpdwfrS jzpfrnf/

tcs de fapmif hír&awmh[kajym Ny D ;

arhaq;q&m0efukd taMumif;Mum;

ac:,lNyD; cJGpdwfvkdufygonf/ atmifjrif

pGmcJGpdwfNyD;oGm;NyDjzpfí xkH;pHtwkdif; aiG

aMu;udpöawmif;cH&ygonf/ vlem&Sifu

]]uRefawmfwkdYrSm aiGusyf 30ç000 ygvm

ygw,f/ 'guvnf; tdrfuEGm;rsm;

a&mif;xm;wJhaiGyg? aemufxyfa&mif;

p&mvnf; r&Sdygbl;? vlemu odyfta&;

BuD;w,fajymvkdY 'Da&mufatmifvmcJh&

wmyg}}[k ajymvkdufaompum;aMumifh

uRefawmfu ]]ay;Ekdifoavmufom ay;

yg? cifAsm;wkdYjyefzkdY p&dwfvnf; csefxm;

OD;}} [k ajymNyD; yxrqkH;aom cJGpdwfvl

emwGif 'gejyKcJh&ygonf/

aemuf&ufrsm;wGif cJGpdwfq&m

0efBuD;ESifh arhaq;q&m0efBuD;ukdawGU&m

vlemtaMumif;ukd ajymjyvkdufygonf/

]]udpör&Sdygbl;Asm/ 'gu toufru,f

vkdYrjzpfwJhvlem? aemufaeYxdatmif

apmifhvkdYr&bl;/ uRefawmfwkdY pkaygif;NyD;

ukokdvf,lvkdufw,fvkdYyJ oabmxm;

Muwmaygh}} [k jyefajymygonf/ cJGpdwf

txl;ukq&m0efBuD; a'gufwm0if;jrifh

(,ck ygarmu©tNidrf;pm;) ESifh arhaq;

q&m0efBuD; a'gufwmatmifodef;xGef;

(wJGzufygarmu©) wkdYonf ,ckwkdif &Sd

vQifavQmh,l? r&SdvQif vSLí vlemaygif;

rsm;pGmtoufukd u,fq,fcJ haom

q&m0efBuD;rsm; jzpfygonf/ aq;uko

a&;vkyfief; wkd;wufvmaomtcg cJG

pdwfcef;ESifh om;zGm;cef;rsm;ukd pepfwus

zJGUpnf;zGifhvSpfvkdufygonf/ cJGpdwfrI? arG;

zGm;rIESifh tjcm; aq;ukorIrsm;vnf;

rsm;vmygonf/ okdYjzpfí vlemrsm;

twGuf ykdrkdxda&mufaomukorIjzpfa&;

twGuf pOf;pm;Muygonf/ uRefawmfwkdY

ukrÜPD tkyfcsKyfaeaom'g½kdufwmrsm;

wGif q&m0efrsm;ryg0ifírjzpfaMumif;

ukd awGU&Sdvm&ygonf/ okdYjzpfí t&if;

ESD;qkH;ESifh aq;ukcef;wGif tMumqkH;yg

0ifulnDaeaom q&m0efBuD;rsm;jzpf

onfh orm;awmfBuD; ygarmu© a'guf

wmrmvmoef;? cJGpdwftxl;ukq&m0ef

BuD;ygarmu© a'gufwm 0if;jrifh? om;

zGm;rD;,yftxl;ukq&m0efBuD; ygarmu©

a'gufwmcifodef;OD;ESifh arhaq;q&m0ef

BuD; wJGzufygarmu© a'gufwm atmif

odef;xGef;wkdYukd aq;ukoa&;wGif tBuH

ay;Ekdif&ef tBuHay;tzJGUwpfck zJGUpnf;

vkdufygonf/

ygarmu©q&m0efBuD;rsm;u aq;

ukoa&;wGif yg0iftBuHay;í vlemrsm;

twGuf aiGaMu;oufomrI aq;0g;jynfh

pkHrI? pdwfcsrf;omrIrsm;&&SdNyD; a&m*g

aysmufuif;í aq;½kHrSqif;oGm;Muaom

vlemrsm; rsm;vmygonf/ xkdtawm

twGif; trSefwu,fqif;&JEGrf;yg;ol

a&muf&S dvmygu aiGaMu;ukefusrI

toufomqkH;jzpfatmif b,fvkdaqmif

&Gufoifhonfukdvnf; tBuHay;Muyg

onf/

ygarmu©q&m0efBuD;rsm;tzJGU

onf 'g½kdufwmtzJGUESifhyl;aygif;nd§EIdif;í

vlemrsm; pdwfcsrf;ompGm aq;ukoEkdif

a&;? aiGaMu;ukefusrI oufoma&;rsm;

ukd txl;tav;xm; aqG;aEG;Muygonf/

uRefawmfonf aq;ukoa&;vkyf

ief;umv ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmwGif txl;uk

q&m0efBuD;aygif;rsm;pGmESifh wJGzuft

vkyfvkyfukdifcJh&ygonf/ q&m0efBuD;t

rsm;pkESifh &if;ESD;cspfcifcJhMuNyD; uRefawmf

awmif;cHaom tultnDrsm;ukdvnf;

ay;cJholrsm; jzpfygonf/ þokdY &if;ESD;

uRefawmf ½kH;cef;wGifxkdif&if; avab;'ku©onfrsm;\ usef;rma&;ukdawG;awmylyefrdygonf/ apwem&Sifrsm;? q&m0eftoif;tzJGYrsm;ESifU tpkd;&wkdh wwfEkdifoa&GY yHUykd;ulnDaeMuaomfvnf; jynfUpkHrIr&Sdao;/ avmavmq,f aq;rukvQifrjzpfaomvlemawG b,favmufrsm; usefaeao;ovJ?wkdhaq;½kHu apwem&Sifygarmu©BuD;vkdvlrsKd;awG trsm;BuD;vkdrSmyJ/ 'Dvkdygarmu©BuD;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdaomfvnf; b,faq;ukcef;awGu ulnDay;rSmvJ/

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

152


cspfcifcJhMuí uRefawmfhtm; tultnD

ay;cJhMuaomfvnf; vlemrsm; aiGaMu;

tcuftcJ&Sdí tultnDawmif;aom

tcg tcrJhaomfvnf;aumif;? avQmhcs

íaomfvnf;aumif; ulnDaomq&m0ef

BuD;rsm;rSm tenf;i,fom &Sdygonf/

uRefawmfwkdYvkyfief; 'g½kdufwm

tzJGUonf aq;0g;jynfhpkHa&;? a&m*g

tjrefqkH;aysmufuif;í aiGaMu;ukefus

rIoufoma&;ESifh vlemrsm;pdwfcsrf;om

a&;ukd txl;BudK;pm;aqmif&Gufaeaomf

vnf; aiGaMu;ukefusrIoufoma&;wGif

q&m0efrsm;ygrvmonfhtcg rnfokdYrQ

aqmif&GufEkdifjcif;r&SdcJhyg/ xkdokdYawGUBuKH

&aom aq;0g;ukorI racsmarGUonfh

txJrS txufwGifa&;om;azmfjycJhaom

q&m0efBuD;rsm;rSm uRefawmfhaq;uko

a&;vkyfief;twGuf rSwfwrf;wifcsD;

usL;&rnfh q&m0efBuD;rsm;jzpfygonf/

uRefawmfa&;om;azmfjyaeaom

q&m0efBuD;rsm;rSm yk*¾dKvfa&; &if;ESD;csD;

usL;pum;ajymaejcif;r[kwf? yifukd,f

apwem&Sdolrsm;omjzpfygonf/ tao;

pdwftaMumif;t&mrsm;ukd a&;om;azmf

jyvQif qkH;rnfrxifyg/ xkdq&m0efBuD;

rsm;ESifhywfoufíyif a&;om;&ef ,ck

awGU&jyefygonf/ em*pfrkefwkdif;'Pf

jrefrmwkdY cH&onfukd urÇmodjzpfyg

onf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf uRefawmfwkdY

0efxrf; 32 OD; rkefwkdif;'PfcH&í 3-

5-2008 naeykdif;ESifh 4-5-2008 wpf

&ufvkH; u,fq,fa&;rsm; vkyfMuyg

onf/ xkd0efxrf;rsm;twGuf 'g½kdufwm

tzJGUu aiGusyf 24 odef; vSL'gef;vkduf&

ygonf/ 0efxrf;xJwGif 'Pf&m&olryg

onfrSm uHaumif;vSygonf/

uRefawmfESifh 'g½kdufwmtzJGU 0ef

xrf;udpöESifh tvkyf½IyfaepOf uRefawmfh

aq;cef;rS ygarmu©BuD;rsm; avab;

'ku©a&mufe,fajrrsm;ukd qif;Muyg

onf/ aq;ukorIay;onf? vSLzG,f

ypönf;rsm; vSLMuygonf/ uRefawmf vl

50 pm t0wftxnfrsm; vSL'gef;vkduf

ygonf/ okdYESifh avab;'ku© wjznf;

jznf;Nidrf;at;oGm;NyD jzpfygonf/

okdYaomf wpfaeYaomeHeuf 8 em&D

cefYwGif vlemwpfOD;ESifh vlem&SifESpfOD;

a&mufvmygonf/ cJGpdwfukocH,lzkdYvm

jcif;jzpfonf qkdygonf/ uRefawmf

taMumif;pkHukd ar;Munfhygonf/ &ef

ukefwpfzufurf; avab;'PfcH&onfh

NrdKUe,frS jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfh aq;uk

cef;rS ygarmu©q&m0efBuD; oGm;a&muf

pOfu a&m*gukd awGUygonf/ cJGpdwf&ef

vkdaMumif;ajym&m avab;'ku©onfjzpf

í &efukefokdYvmNyD; cJGpdwfcHzkdY rSmcJhonf/

aiGaMu;ukefusrIr&Sdyg? q&mu tcrJh

cJGpdwfay;rnf[kajymcJhaMumif; vlem&Sif

u ajymjyygonf/ uRefawmfu yg

armu©BuD;ukd zkef;qufí tusKd;t

aMumif;ajymjyaomtcg ygarmu©BuD;

u ]][kwfw,f ukdarmifarmifwifa& ol

wkdYrSm tcuftcJ&Sdw,f? wwfEkdifwmvkyf

ay;yg}} [k jyefajymonf/

vlemukd aq;½kHwifvkdufygonf/

aemufaeY vlemukd cJGpdwfukoygonf/

uRefawmfwkdYu xkH;pHtwkdif; ukefus

p&dwfrsm;wGufygonf/ q&m0efrsm;cJG

pdwfc? cJGcef;c? em;aecef;c? olemjyKcESifh

avQmhEkdifonfhaiGaMu;ukd avQmhcsvkdufyg

onf/ vlem&Sifu aiGusyf 60ç000

xkwfay;ygonf/ okdYaomfvnf; usefaiG

&Sdaeao;í uRefawmfwkdYaq;cef;rS vSL

vkduf&ygonf/

yxrvlemqif;oGm;í okH;&uf

ajrmufaeYwGif 'kwd,vlemwpfOD;xyfí

a&mufvmjyefygonf/ uRefawmfwkdY ar;

jref;pkHprf;&m ygarmu©BuD;\ vlemyif

jzpfygonf/ xkdvlemrqif;rD wwd,

vlem xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmygonf/ 'kwd,

vlemtm; yxrqkH;a&muf&Sdvmaom vl

emrsm;twkdif; taumif;qkH;jzpfatmif?

toufomqkH;jzpfatmif pDpOfaqmif

&Gufay;vkdufygonf/ vlemrsm; auseyf

í a&m*gaysmufuif;oGm;Muonfht

wGuf uRefawmfwkdY aq;ukcef;rSvnf;

0rf;omMunfEl;&ygonf/

pwkw¬vlemonf wwd,vlemESifh

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

153


ESpf&ufjcm;í a&mufvmygonf/ vlem

tm; cJGpdwfuko&rnfhtaMumif;pkH &Sif;

vif;ajymMum;NyD; þokdYcJGpdwfuko&

onfhtwGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;&SdrSmjzpf

aMumif;? aq;½kHrSqif;oGm;onftxd

pkpkaygif; rnfrQukefusrnfjzpfaMumif;

& Si f ;vif;ajymjyygonf/ vlemu

q&m0efBuD;uac:í vmcJ haMumif;

aiGaMu;ukefusrI tenf;i,fomjzpfrnf

jzpfaMumif;? rdrdwkdYwGif ,ckwGufjyaom

aiGukday;Ekdifrnfr[kwfaMumif; jyefajym

ygonf/

uRefawmfwkdYonf oufqkdifonfh

ygarmu©q&m0efBuD;ESifh qufoG,fpkH

prf;&m ,ckvlemrSm olrSmxm;aomvl

emjzpfaMumif;? aiGaMu;ukefusrIukd rdrd

ukd,fwkdif pkdufxkwfukay;oGm;rSmjzpf

aMumif;? avmavmq,fom aq;½kHwif

xm;í vkdtyfonfrsm; jynfhpkHatmif ul

nDay;xm;zkdYvkdtyfaMumif;? vlemt

wGuf pm;p&dwfukdyg rdrday;rnfjzpf

aMumif; ajymMum;ygonf/

vlemukd aq;½kHwifvkdufygonf/

eHeufpm? npm auR;arG;íxm;ygonf/

vlemrSm trsKd;orD;jzpfí om;zGm;rD;,yf

txl;ukq&m0efBuD;u vma&mufMunfh

½INyD; pdwfcsrf;ompGmaezkdY rSmMum;oGm;yg

onf/ ygarmu©q&m0efBuD;u vlem

ukefusp&dwftm;vkH; oluay;rSmjzpf

aMumif; ajymygonf/

uRefawmf ½kH;cef;wGifxkdif&if; av

ab;'ku©onfrsm;\ usef;rma&;ukd awG;

awmylyefrdygonf/ apwem&Sifrsm;?

q&m0eftoif;tzJGUrsm;ESifh tpkd;&wkdY

wwfEkdifoa&GU yHhyk d;ulnDaeMuaomf

vnf; jynfhpkHrIr&Sdao;/ avmavmq,f

aq;rukvQifrjzpfaomvlemawG b,f

avmufrsm;usefaeao;ovJ? wkdYaq;½kH

u apwem&Sifygarmu©BuD;vkd vlrsKd;awG

trsm;BuD;vkdrSmyJ/ 'Dvkdygarmu©BuD;awG

trsm;BuD;&Sdaomfvnf; b,faq;ukcef;

awGu ulnDay;rSmvJ/ ar;cGef;aygif;

rsm;pGmukdawG;awmaepOf uRefawmfhw,f

vDzkef; jrnfvmygonf/ zkef;ukdaumuf

ukdifvkdufí ]]trdefY&Sdyg}} [k uRefawmf

xl;vkdufaomtcg uRefawmfhwynfhru

]]tefu,f avab;vlemwpfOD; xyf

a&mufvmygw,f/ vlemu onf;ajc

xkwf&rSmyg? tJ'g 'DrSm&Sif;jywm tqif

rajyvkdY tefu,fhukd qufwmyg}} [k

ajymygonf/ ]]at; . . . ighqDvTwfvkduf}}

vkdY jyefajymvkduf&ygonf/

vlem&Sifrsm; uRefawmfxHa&muf

vmygonf/ vlemuawmh touf 73

ESpfjzpfaeí {nfhcef;rSm em;ae&ygonf/

vlem&Sifrsm;ESifh pum;ajymMunfhawmh

,cifvlemrsm;twkdif; ygarmu©BuD;rSmí

vmaMumif;? ygarmu©BuD;u ]]tenf;t

yg;awmhukefr,f? uRefawmfwkdYu tcrJhcJG

pdwfay;rSmyg}} ajymí ,aeYvmaMumif;

ajymygonf/ uRefawmfhaq;½kHrS 0efxrf;

u 'Da&m*gcJGpdwfuko&if tm;vkH;aygif;

ig;odef;ausmfukefusrnfajymonf/ uRef

awmfwkdYu 'Davmufrsm;rsm; b,fvkdrS

rwwfEkdifygbl;[kajymNyD; uRefawmhf

rsufESmukdom Munfhaeygonf/ uRef

awmf bmtajzay;&rnfrod? ygarmu©

q&m0efBuD;u b,fvkdajymcJhrSef;vnf;

rod? uRefawmfhukdvnf; BudKwift

aMumif;Mum;xm;jcif;vnf;r&Sdyg/ uRef

awmf acwåpOf;pm;NyD; ]]'Dvkdvkyf&atmif?

cifAsm;wkdY &efukefrSmwnf;zkdY&Sdvm;}}? ]]&Sd

ygw,f}}? ]]'gqkd reufjzef½kH;csdef wpf

a,muf uRefawmfESifh vmawGUyg/ uRef

awmf ygarmu©q&m0efBuD;eJYawGUNyD;

tqifajyEkdifatmif pDpOfay;rnf}} [k

ajymvkdufygonf/ vlemESifh vlem&Sifrsm;

aq;cef;rS jyefoGm;Muygonf/

vlemrsm;jyefoGm;onfESif h yg

armu©q&m0efBuD;ukd zkef;qufygonf/

avab;'ku©onf onf;ajca&m*gonf

taMumif;? aiGaMu;taMumif;? vlem\

oabmxm;? aq;ukcef;rS tukeftus

cHEkdifrnfhtiftm; ponf ponfrsm;

woDwwef;BuD; ajymjyvkdufygonf/

q&m0efBuD;u olbufu tcaMu;aiG

vkH;0r,lbJ cJGpdwfay;rSmjzpfaMumif; jyef

ajymygonf/ uRefawmfwynfhrsm;ESifh

aoaocsmcsmwGufcsufí pkpkaygif; usyf

ESpfodef;xuf ykdrukefatmif aqmif&Guf

&ef nTefMum;vkdufygonf/

aemufwpfaeY vlem&Sifvmaom

tcg aocsmpGm&Sif;vif;ajymjyNyD; aq;

½kHukd wufyg/ ,ckajymjyonfhaiGukd

vnf; csufcsif;BuD;ay;&efrvkdbJ aq;

½kHwufaepOftwGif; ay;oGif;oGm;&ef

ajymjyygonf/ vlem&Sifu oabmwl

ygonf/ ,if;aeYwGifyif vlemukd aq;½kH

wifí ESpf&uftMumwGif cJGpdwfuko

vkdufygonf/ vlem usef;rmygonf/

vlem&Sifrsm;vnf; 0rf;omygonf/

q&m0efBuD;ESif htzJGUukd aus;Zl;wif

aMumif; ajymMum;ygonf/ uRefawmf

wwfEkdifaom'ge ay;vSL&í yDwdjzpf&

ygonf/

uRefawmf 'ku©onfvlemrsm;ukd

arQmfaerdygonf/ okdYaomf uRefawmf

arQmfaeonfrSm uRefawmfwwfuRrf;í

r[kwfyg/ uRefawmftm;ukd;tm;xm;jyK

ae&aom q&m0efBuD;rsm;aMumifhjzpfyg

onf/ xkdq&m0efBuD;rsm;onf uRef

awmfjzpfcsifaom aq;ukoa&;tpDt

pOfukd jzpfatmifulnDay;aeMuaom

aMumifh jzpfygonf/

uRefawmfwkdYaq;ukcef;\ wkd;

wufa&; ulnDay;aomq&m0efBuD;rsm;?

vlemrsm;a&m*gaysmufuif;csrf;omatmif?

aiGaMu;ukefusrIoufomatmif tpOf

wpkdufapwemxm;aom q&m0efBuD;

rsm;? apwemtjynfht0jzifh ulnDMu

aom wm0efcHq&m0efrsm;? q&mrrsm;

ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;ukd uRefawmfwkdY 'g½kduf

wmtzJGUu tNrJwrf;aus;Zl;wifrdae

aMumif; azmfjyvkduf&ygonf/

armifarmifwifarmifarmifwif

armifarmifwifarmifarmifwifarmifarmifwif

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

154


12

auoD pD;yGm;a&;avmurSm bm

aMumifhatmifjrif&wmvJ/ bmaMumifh

olaX;jzpfcJh&wmvJ/ olr olaX;jzpfcJh&

wJh t"duvQKdU0Sufcsufu bmvJ/ 'Dar;

cGef;awG&JUtajzu wpfckyJ&Sdw,fcifAsm/

olr[m olrrSm &SdNyD;om; &SdaewJh

tiftm;awGukd csokH;wwfw,f/

olr&JU t"dueJY yxrtiftm;u

bmvJ/

ausmfMum;rIcifAsm/

olr[m armf',ftaeeJYvnf;

ausmfMum;w,f/

½kyf&Sifrif;orD;taeeJYvnf; ausmf

Mum;w,f/

aMumfjimr,ftaeeJYvnf; ausmf

Mum;w,f/

olr[m pD;yGm;a&;avmuukd r0if

cifuwnf;u jynfolvlxk tJ . . .

pm; okH;olvlxku odaeMuNyD/

'DvkdausmfMum;olawG&JU vkyf&yf

tukefvkH;ukd jynfolvlxku pdwf0ifpm;

w,f/

'Dvkdpdwf0ifpm;awmh pme,fZif;

orm;awGuvnf; olrtaemufrS tNrJ

&Sdw,f/

auoDeJYowif;qkdwm cJGjcm;vkdY

r&bl;/

olrvkyfaqmifcsuftm;vkH;u

owif;jzpfaew,f/ 'Dvkdowif;jzpfae

awmh pme,fZif;orm;awGu olYxuf

igvkNyD; owif;tjzpf azmfjyMuw,f/

'Dvkdazmfjyawmh pm;okH;oljynfol

vlxku auoD&JU ukefypönf;awGtay:

rSm pdwf0ifpm;w,f/ 'Dvkdpdwf0ifpm;

awmh tprf;tjzpf 0,fokH;Muw,f/

'Dvkd 0,fokH;awmhvnf; auoDhypönf;u

rnhH bl;/ aumif;w,f/

aps;EIef;uvnf; wjcm;aps;uGuf

0ifNyD; ypönf;awGeJY ,SOfEkdifw,f/

tJ'Dvkdaumif;vnf;aumif;? aps;

EIef;uvnf;rSefw,fqkdawmh pm;okH;ol

awG&JU tm;ay;rIukd tvG,fwul &Ekdif

,cifvrStquf . . .

olaX;jzpfenf;vQKdY0Sufcsuf

½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? armf',fvf ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? armf',fvf

½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? armf',fvf ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? armf',fvf ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? armf',fvf Kathy Ireland

OD;vS0if; (avol&JwpfOD;)

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

155


wmayghcifAsm/

'Dvkd rdrd&JUatmifjrifausmfMum;rI

ukd vufeufwpfcktjzpf okH;wwfMuwm

uawmh wu,fawmh rqef;ygbl;/

pD;yGm;a&;avmu atmifjrifrI

wpfcktwGufom okH;wmr[kwfygbl;/

wjcm;avmuawGrSmvnf; vufeuf

tjzpf okH;wwfMuygw,f/

Oyrm . . . EkdifiHa&;avmu. . ./

tar&duefor®wBuD; tkdufpif

[m0g/

'Dyk*¾dKvf[m 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;

rwkdifcifu 'kwd,AkdvfrSL;BuD;tqifhyJ

&Sdygw,f/ olYukd,fol AkdvfrSL;BuD;tqifh

avmufeJYyJ olYb0[m Zmwfodrf;&

awmhr,f? yifpif,l&awmhr,fvkdY xifcJh

w,f/

a[m . . . 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpf

vmw,f/

tkdufpif[m0g[m atmifyJGawG

wpfckNyD;wpfck&NyD; AkdvfcsKyfBuD;jzpfvm

w,f/ ppfaoemywdBuD;tjzpf tar&d

uefjynfaxmifpkom r[kwfbl;/ urÇm

wpfckvkH;rSmyJ ausmfMum;xif&Sm;wJh

yk*¾dKvfBuD; jzpfvmw,f/

'DausmfMum;rIukd vufeuftjzpf

okH;NyD; EkdifiHa&;avmuukd 0ifw,f/

or®wa&G;aumufyJGrSm yg0if,SOf

NydKifw,f/

a[m . . . ppfBuD;NyD;vkdY bmrS

rMumbl;/ or®wBuD; wufjzpfoGm;

w,f/

tkdufpif[m0g[m 'kwd,urÇm

ppfBuD;qkdwm rjzpfvmbl;/ AkdvfcsKyfBuD;

tqifhqkdwmukd ra&mufvmcJhbl;/ r[m

rdwfwyfawGtm;vkH;&JU ppfaoemywd

tjzpf ausmfMum;wJhyk*¾dKvfBuD;om rjzpf

vmbl;qkd&if olYukd tar&duefjynfol

vlxku odrSmr[kwfbl;/

b,fvkdrS or®wa&G;aumufyJGrSm

yg0if,SOfNydKifEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;/

or®wtjzpf ta&G;cHp&m r&Sd

atmif ausmfMum;cJhygw,f/

½kyf&Sifrif;om;taeeJYvnf; ausmf

Mum;w,f/

*DwtEkynm&Sif . . . aw;oH&Sift

jzpfvnf; ausmfMum;w,f/

aemuf . . . pma&;q&mtjzpf

vnf; ausmfMum;w,f/ ½kyf&Sifo½kyf

aqmifaumif;ovkd ol oDcsif;vnf; qkd

Ekdifw,f/ pma&;Ekdifw,f/

bk&m;ay;ukokdvfaumif; uHt

usKd;ay;aumif;wmawG olYrSm trsm;BuD;

&Sdygw,f/

txl;ojzifh ½kyf&nftm;jzifhvnf;

tvGefacsmwJhyk*¾dKvfyg/

b,favmufawmif acsmwJhyk*d¾Kvf

tar&duefor®w tkdufpif[m0gtar&duefor®w tkdufpif[m0g

tar&duefor®w tkdufpif[m0gtar&duefor®w tkdufpif[m0gtar&duefor®w tkdufpif[m0g

ygbl;/

ppfBuD;aMumifh tvGefausmfMum;

wJh yk*¾dKvfBuD;jzpfcJhNyD; aemufqkH; tar&d

uefjynfaxmifpk&JU tBuD;jrifhqkH;&mxl;

jzpfwJh or®wqkdwJh&mxl;ukd &atmif,l

EkdifcJhwmyg/

jrefrmEkdifiHrSmvnf; atmifjrif

ausmfMum;rIawGukd vufeuftjzpfokH;

NyD; pD;yGm;a&;avmuukd 0ifEkdifcJhwJhvlawG

&Sdygw,f/

Oyrm . . . q&mukd0if;OD; . . . /

uG,fvGefoGm;wJh rif;om;0if;OD;yg

cifAsm/

olYacwfrSm ol[m jrefrmwpfEkdifiH

vkH; rodwJhvlr&SdwJhtjzpfrsKd;a&muf

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

156


jzpfovJqkd&if 1988 ckESpf ta&;tcif;

BuD;jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm olYtdrfukd uRef

awmfa&mufoGm;w,f/

NrdKUxJutdrfyg/

q&mrif;,ka0? q&myg&*lwkdYeJY

twl a&mufoGm;wmyg/

tJ'DtcsdefrSm ol rusef;rmawmh

bl;/ uifqma0'em cHpm;ae&ygNyD/

uRefawmfwkdYa&mufoGm;wJhtcsdefrSm

ol uGyfyspfvkd avsmif;vkdYvSJvkdY&wJh ae&m

av;rSm yufvufuav; tdyfaew,f/

uRefawmfwkdY0ifoGm;rS vSJae&mu x

xkdifNyD; EIwfqufygw,f/

tJ'DtcsdefrSm ol[m a0'emonfyg/

rMumcifuG,fvGe fawm hr,f h

yk*¾dKvfyg/

awmfawmfav; ydefcsKH;aeygNyD/

tJ . . . 'gayrJhcifAsm;/ olYrsufESm

av;[m cspfp&mav;ukd vSaeygw,f/

tom;ta&mifuvnf; rysufbl;/

jzL0g0g . . . /

qifpG,fa&mifeJYwlwJh tom;t

a&mifyg/

qHyifvnf; rzD;xm;bl;/ uRefawmf

wkdYjrifrS vufeJYoyfNyD; zD;vkdufygw,f/

]]q&m usef;rma&;om raumif;

bl;vdkY ajymw,f/ ckcsdefxd acsmwkef;yJ}}

uRefawmfajymvkdufrdaom pum;

yg/

]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&mavol&J}}

olu ESpfNcdKufpGm cspfpzG,fNyHK;NyD;

uRefawmfhukd jyefajymvkdufygw,f/

olYtoH[m tvGefwkd;aeygw,f/

tJ'DtBudrf[m olYukd uRefawmf

aemufqkH;jrifawGUcJh&jcif;ygyJ/

aemuf rMumcif oluG,fvGefoGm;

ygw,f/

q&mukd0if;OD;[m tEkynmukd 0g

oemygovkd pD;yGm;a&;ukdvnf; pdwf0if

pm;ygw,f/

olY&JU pE´m½kyf&Sif? pE´mr*¾Zif; .../

½kyf&Sifa&m? r*¾Zif;a&m ESpfckvkH;

atmifjrifygw,f/

½kyf&Sifuawmh uRefawmfhvkdif;

r[kwfvkdY uRefawmf ra0zefcsifygbl;/

r*¾Zif; . . . /

pE´mr*¾Zif; . . . /

bmaMumifh pE´mr*¾Zif; atmifjrif

&ovJ/

r*¾Zif;opfwpfcktaeeJY uRef

awmfwkdY pmayavmurSm 0ifwkd;zkdYqkdwm

tvGef cufygw,f/

q&mukd0if;OD;&JU pE´mr*¾Zif;[m

pxGufuwnf;u atmifjrifygw,f/

jynfolvlxk pdwf0ifpm;w,f/

0,fcsifolrsm;w,f/

uRefawmfrSwfrdoavmuf pE´m

r*¾Zif;&JU tm;omcsufqkdvkdY pmtkyf

tqiftjyifvSw,f/

'DwpfckyJ csD;rGrf;r,fqkd&if csD;rGrf;

p&m&Sdygw,f/

w jcm ;tx l ;tav;ay ; N y D ;

axmufjyp&m? csD;rGrf;p&mawG r&Sdygbl;/

'gayrJh apmapmu uRefawmf wif

jyovkd pE´mr*¾Zif;[m t&Sdeft[kefeJY

atmifjrifwJh r*¾Zif;wpfck jzpfcJhw,f/

bmaMumifh atmifjrif&ovJ/

ukd0if;OD;&JU t&SdefaMumifhyg/ ukd

0if;OD;&JU atmifjrifrI? ausmfMum;rI? jynf

oltrsm;odwJh xif&Sm;ausmfaZmrIawGukd

ukd0if;OD;u olYpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rSm vuf

euftjzpf okH;wwfcJhvkdYygyJ/ q&m ukd

½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? aw;oH&Sif pma&;q&m tu,f'rD0if;OD;½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? aw;oH&Sif pma&;q&m tu,f'rD0if;OD;

½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? aw;oH&Sif pma&;q&m tu,f'rD0if;OD;½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? aw;oH&Sif pma&;q&m tu,f'rD0if;OD;½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif? aw;oH&Sif pma&;q&m tu,f'rD0if;OD;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

157


0if;OD;rSm pD;yGm;a&;eJYywfoufNyD; xl;jcm;

wJh bk&m;ay;yg&rD (Gift) awG &Sdygw,f/

rSefygw,fcifAsm/

wu,fawmh ukd0if;OD;[m olaX;

rBuD;auoDvkd pD;yGm;a&;wpfckwnf;ukd

wu,faZmufcsvkyfcJhr,f? auoDvkd

tuGufjrifr,f? tokH;cswwfr,f/ tJ

. . . aemuf toufvnf; &SnfcJhr,fqkd

&ifayghAsm/ ol[m jrefrmEkdifiHrSm tvGef

csrf;omwJh yk*¾dKvfBuD;wpfOD;jzpfvmEkdifyg

w,f/

q&mukd0if;OD;&JU t"dutm;enf;

csufu pD;yGm;a&;xuf tEkynmukd ykdckH

rifw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;avmuukd ykdtcsdef

ay;zkdYxuf tEkynmavmuukd ykdtcsdef

ay;cJhw,f/ rD;armif;atmufrSm ae&wJh

b0ukd ykdom,mw,f/ 'gawmifrS .../

uRefawmf rSwfrdao;w,f/

q&mOD;avm,kHNcHvkdY xifygw,f/

tif;vsm;uefeJY uyfvsufrSm 0if;

NcHtus,fBuD;eJY tdrfBuD;wpfvkH;ukdvnf;

ol0,fcJhzl;ao;w,f/ tJ'DtdrfwpfvkH;yJ

'DaeY olYvufxJrSm usefaer,fqkd&if

tenf;qkH; tar&duefa':vm q,f

oef;avmufeJY oljyefa&mif;pm;Ekdifyg

vdrfhr,f/

a':vmeJYukd oef;csDcsrf;omwJh

yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfvmEkdifwmayghcifAsm/

rSefygw,f/

uRe fawmf &wemavmurSm

atmifjrifcJh&wmvnf; uRefawmfh&JU pm

aye,fy,fu ausmfMum;rIawGukd pD;yGm;

a&;avmurSm vufeuftjzpf okH;wwf

cJhvkdYygyJ/

1990 ckESpftxd &efukef&wem

ukefonfavmurSm uRefawmfhukd &w

emukefonftjzpf b,folrS rodygbl;/

rkd;ukwfom;ywf0ef;usifuGufuGuf

av;rSmyJ uRefawmfhukd odMuwJholawG&Sd

ygw,f/

1988 ckESpfaemufykdif;upNyD; &ef

ukef&wemukefonfavmu[m ajymif;

oGm;w,f/

&wemvkyfief;tay:rSm pdwf0if

pm;wJhvlawG tvGefrsm;vmygw,f/

ausmufrsuf&wemqkdifawG? a&T

qkdifawG trsm;BuD;ay:vmw,fcifAsm/

jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfygwDacwfwpfck

vkH;rSm ausmufrsuf&wemtvkyfqkdwm

wkd;wkd;wdwfwdwfvkyf&wJhacwf cifAsm/

ukd,f 'Dtvkyfvkyfpm;wmukd vlodrsm;

av ukd,fhtwGuf &ifqkdif&EkdifwJhtEÅ&m,f

awGu rsm;avyJ/

wkd;wkd;wdwfwdwf ydyd&d&deJY vdrf

vdrfrmrmvkyfukdifwwf? aewwfav

tEÅ&m,fuif;av? atmifjrifrI&avyJ

cifAsm/

1988 ckESpfaemufykdif;usawmh

uRefawmfwkdY ausmufrsufpD;yGm;a&;avm

u&JU taetxm;u vkH;0ajymif;jyefBuD;

jzpfoGm;w,fcifAs/

apmapmu uRefawmfwifjyovkd

vlopfawG trsm;BuD; wkd;0ifvmw,f/

tJ'DtxJrSm t&if;tESD;tajrmuf

tjrm;eJY 0ifvmolawGvnf;ygw,f cif

Asm/

tJ'DvlrsKd;awGukd uRefawmfwkdY vl

a[mif;awGu taMumufqkH;yJ/

pD;yGm;a&;avmurSm aiGtm;eJYzdNyD;

owfwmukd cH&&if jyefowfzkdYqkdwm

rvG,fbl;/ 'gukd ukefonfBuD;wkdif;od

ygw,f/

'DvlawGrSm tm;enf;csufwpfcku

awmh &S dygw,f/ &wemavmurSm

uRefawmfwkdY vla[mif;awGvkd ynmr&Sd

bl;/ tawGUtBuKHr&Sdbl;/

'gayrJh . . . ykdufqHcsrf;omwJh?

aiGtm;&SdwJhvlwkdif;u rnHhMubl;cifAsm/

olwkdYrSm ÓPf&Sdw,f/ rnHhvkdYvnf;

ykduf qH&Sd? aiGtiftm; &SdaeMuwmaygh/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

OD;vS0ifOD;vS0if

OD;vS0ifOD;vS0ifOD;vS0if

;;

;;;(avol&JwpfOD;)(avol&JwpfOD;)

(avol&JwpfOD;)(avol&JwpfOD;)(avol&JwpfOD;)

0if;OD;xkwfa0cJhonfh pE´mr*¾Zif;rsm;0if;OD;xkwfa0cJhonfh pE´mr*¾Zif;rsm;

0if;OD;xkwfa0cJhonfh pE´mr*¾Zif;rsm;0if;OD;xkwfa0cJhonfh pE´mr*¾Zif;rsm;0if;OD;xkwfa0cJhonfh pE´mr*¾Zif;rsm;

www.fore

vers

pace

.com

.mm

living color (sep-08).pmd

Documents