livestock and food security
TRANSCRIPT
Livestock & Food SecurityAnimal Science for the Hungry Poor
Lindsay Falvey
University of Melbourne
Livestock are critical to basic food-security, and food security is the first principle of national and
international security. Food-insecure populations emigrate and undermine precarious States.
Food scarceWeak governanceInsecurity
• The major global issue • 1° role of gov’t & dev’t• Survival food not hamburgers•Not ‘preferences’ & ‘$ to buy’
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Seeing Livestock Correctly
• Not just meat & milk• Economic > financial analyses• Herding & small farms efficient • Indigenous breeds productive• Use wastes & non-arable lands
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Livestock Production Systems
• Rangeland• Integrated farming • Intensive production • Landless systems
provide 20% of food energy & 28% of protein
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Dietary Protein and Energy, and Undernourishment per Region [FAOSTAT]
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Increases in Average Global Animal Product Output per Person [FAOSTAT]
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Livestock Products in Food Security
• Amino acids, Fe, Zn, vit A & B12, Ca• Small amounts large benefit• Fe deficient – 1.6 billion • Child mental dev’t: 40–60% LDC
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Calorie Consumption Ranking of Animal Products IFPRI (2010)
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
World Animal Production (mill. t.) by Production System, 2001-03
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Alternative Livestock View
•Pastoralists•Small mixed farmers•Urban populationsLivestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
1. Pastoralists
• 120 million• 19% of world meat & 12% of milk• Australia – lamb 45% exported• Mongolia – 30% GDP, 20% export $• Sophisticated in difficult landscapes
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
2. Small Mixed Farmers
• 48% world beef, 53% milk• Asian integrated farm (use waste, insect control, fertilizer …)• 2 billion persons• Higher efficiencies
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Stylized Integrated Small Farm Devendra, C. and Leng, R.A. (2011)
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
3. Urban Populations • ½ world’s population• Food-poverty nexus• 300 million extremely poor, mostly in Asia
Some Alternatives:Animals within citiesPeriurban farmsContract-growers linked to citiesHome productionTrade in low-value animal partsAlternative foods
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey
Livestock’s Future in Food Security
• 2050: 230% more poultry; other livestock 160% • Needs innovation & initiative• Research $ - China now the leader
Aquacultured fish at homeHome-caged rodents and rabbits Insect and larvae farms Factory meat-type protein products ‘Protein biscuits’ from wastes
‘following the obvious path is not likely to lead to a novel question, interpretation or solution’ Doherty
Livestock & Food Security: Prof. Lindsay Falvey