little data book on africa 2006 - isbn:...

Human development

Agriculture and rural development

Labor, migration, and population

HIV/AIDS

Malaria

Capable states and partnership

Household welfare

Basic indicators

National accounts

Millennium Development Goals

Paris Declaration indicators

Private sector development

Trade

Infrastructure

From Africa Development Indicators

The Little DataBook on Africa

2006 The Little Data Book on Africa

Copyright ©2006 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433U.S.A.

All rights reservedManufactured in the United States of AmericaFirst printing September 2006

ISBN-10: 0–8213–6704–8ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6704-9eISBN: 0-8213-6705-6DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6704-9

The Little Data Book on Africa 2006 is a product of the Operational Quality and Knowledge Services Unit and the Office of the Chief Economist for the Africa Region of the World Bank.

Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C.Cover design by Grundy & Northedge, London, UK.


Acknowledgments 5

Introduction 6

Data notes 7

Country tables (in alphabetical order)

Algeria 8

Angola 10

Benin 12

Botswana 14

Burkina Faso 16

Burundi 18

Cameroon 20

Cape Verde 22

Central African Republic 24

Chad 26

Comoros 28

Congo, Dem. Rep. 30

Congo, Rep. 32

Côte d'lvoire 34

Djibouti 36

Egypt, Arab Rep. 38

Equatorial Guinea 40

Eritrea 42

Ethiopia 44

Gabon 46

Gambia, The 48

Ghana 50

Guinea 52

Guinea-Bissau 54

Kenya 56

Lesotho 58

Contents

4 2006 The Little Data Book on Africa

Country tables (continued)

Liberia 60

Libya 62

Madagascar 64

Malawi 66

Mali 68

Mauritania 70

Mauritius 72

Morocco 74

Mozambique 76

Namibia 78

Niger 80

Nigeria 82

Rwanda 84

São Tomé and Principe 86

Senegal 88

Seychelles 90

Sierra Leone 92

Somalia 94

South Africa 96

Sudan 98

Swaziland 100

Tanzania 102

Togo 104

Tunisia 106

Uganda 108

Zambia 110

Zimbabwe 112

Glossary 114

Contents (continued)


The Little Data Book on Africa 2006 was produced by the Office of the Chief

Economist for the Africa Region and the Operational Quality and Knowledge

Services in collaboration with the Development Economics Data Group. It

was prepared by a team led by Jorge Arbache and Vildan Verbeek-Demiraydin

and comprising Rose Mungai, Christophe Rockmore, and Mehdi Akhlaghi.

John Page, Chief Economist for the Africa Region, provided overall guidance

and supervision.

Communications Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and lay-

out, led by Meta de Coquereaumont and Christopher Trott.

Acknowledgments


The Little Data Book on Africa 2006 is a pocket edition of Africa Development

Indicators 2006. It is intended as a quick reference for users of the Africa

Development Indicators 2006 book and CD-ROM. Together they cover about

1,200 indicators on Africa. The country tables in The Little Data Book 2006

present the latest available data for World Bank member countries.

For more information about Africa Development Indicators and The Little Data

Book on Africa, please visit our Web site at www.worldbank.org/africa or email

us at [email protected].

To order the Africa Development Indicators 2006 book or CD-ROM, please visit

the publications Web site at www.worldbank.org/publications.

Introduction


Dollars are current U.S. dollars, unless otherwise specified.

Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year.

Data are for 2004 or 2005, except where otherwise noted. Figures in italics

indicate that data are from 2000–03.

.. indicates that data are not available.

— is not applicable.

Data notes


Country North data Africa

Algeria

Population (millions) 32.4 150.5Population growth (%) 1.5 ..GNI per capita ($) 2,270 1,784

Economic density ($/km2) 35,694 48,640GDP ($ millions) 85,014 279,114GDP growth (%) 5.2 4.6GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,992 1,879GDP per capita growth (%) 3.6 2.5GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 132 99Current account balance (% of GDP) 13.1 6.2Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 7.4 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 36 16Total external debt (% of GDP) 26 32

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 46.8 28.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.4 24.8Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 14.1Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 81 77Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 20 24Startup procedures for new business 14 11Time required to start a business (days) 26 ..Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 52 ..Time required to enforce a contract (days) 407 ..Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 ..Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 504 ..Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 59 ..Average time to clear customs (days) 22 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 51 ..Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. ..Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. ..Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 126Real interest rate (%) 2 2Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 35 ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 27 ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 45 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 51 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 12 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 13 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 26 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.9 ..Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 98 1,930Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,467 1,467Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41 38Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31 34Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 100 109Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 620 2,314Remittances received ($ millions) 2,460 ..



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 71 71Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 35 30Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 40 37Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 96 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 140 127Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 10 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 81 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 0.1 ..AIDS deaths (thousands) 1 ..Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 1.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 94 ..Student–teacher ratio, primary 27 25Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 112 105Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 90 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 99 ..Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 83 ..Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 37 ..Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 92 96Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 80 84Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 82 57Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 99 89Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. ..Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. ..Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 215 ..Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. ..Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. ..Internet users (per 1,000 people) 26 ..Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating .. —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI .. —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —

PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 313 2,804Net aid (% of GDP) 0.4 1.2Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 10 19Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 235 2,036Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 91Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 78 677Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. ..Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —


Sub- Country Saharan data Africa

Angola

Population (millions) 15.5 726.4Population growth (%) 2.9 ..GNI per capita ($) 930 600

Economic density ($/km2) 15,693 22,361GDP ($ millions) 19,564 528,146GDP growth (%) 11.1 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 799 541GDP per capita growth (%) 7.9 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 158 134Current account balance (% of GDP) 4.2 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 0.2 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 37 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 49 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 24.5 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.2 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.3 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 17 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1 5Startup procedures for new business 14 11Time required to start a business (days) 146 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 334 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 1,011 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 656 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 33 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 64 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 26 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.2 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 522 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 134 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 853 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 41 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 154 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 260 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 45 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,700 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 31 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 64 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 3.7 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 30 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 62Student–teacher ratio, primary .. 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 72 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 92 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 76 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 70 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 40 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 16 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 56 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 54 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 11 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating 2.6 —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI Endorsed —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —

PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,144 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 5.8 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 74 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,015 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –2 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 131 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 317.1 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point No —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Benin


Economic density ($/km2) 36,589 22,361GDP ($ millions) 4,047 528,146GDP growth (%) 3.1 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 324 541GDP per capita growth (%) –0.2 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 153 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –8.0 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –3.7 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 16 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 47 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 5.5 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 26 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business 8 11Time required to start a business (days) 32 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 50 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 570 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 270 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 53 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 53 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 2 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 48 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,147 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 92 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 47 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 55 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 55 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient 36 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 90 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 152 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 66 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 850 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 23 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 85 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 1.8 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 10 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 49 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 52 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 99 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 45 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 71 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 87 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 55 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 79 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 60 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 12 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 58 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 50 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 6 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 38 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 9 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 12 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 32 ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating 3.7 —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI .. —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —

PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 378 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 9.3 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 46 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 210 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 168 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 2,868.8 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 460 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Botswana

Population (millions) 1.8 726.4Population growth (%) –0.1 ..GNI per capita ($) 4,360 600

Economic density ($/km2) 15,834 22,361GDP ($ millions) 8,974 528,146GDP growth (%) 4.9 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,671 541GDP per capita growth (%) 5.0 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 138 134Current account balance (% of GDP) 9.0 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –1.8 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 45 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 6 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 38.2 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 74 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 6 5Startup procedures for new business 11 11Time required to start a business (days) 108 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 69 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 154 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 140 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 53 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 30 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 5 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.3 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 5 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 241 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 98 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 58 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 39 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 35 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 84 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 116 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 94 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 100 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 13 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 90 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 24.1 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 18 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.4 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 92 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 26 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 104 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 94 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 102 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 69 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 47 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 100 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 90 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 25 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 57 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 396 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 34 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 39 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 0.4 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 22 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 33 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –2 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 8 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Burkina Faso


Economic density ($/km2) 17,631 22,361GDP ($ millions) 4,824 528,146GDP growth (%) 3.9 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 248 541GDP per capita growth (%) 0.6 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 152 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –9.6 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –9.1 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 14 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 41 45




Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 48 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) 46 ..Gini coefficient 40 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 97 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 192 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 38 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 38 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 78 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 2.0 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 12 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 29 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 49 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 53 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 31 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 76 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 90 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 80 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 82 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 44 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 5 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 45 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 40 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 0 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 37 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 18 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 4 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 25 ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 610 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 12.6 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 48 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 331 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 278 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1,687.3 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 930 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Burundi


Economic density ($/km2) 25,862 22,361GDP ($ millions) 664 528,146GDP growth (%) 4.8 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 107 541GDP per capita growth (%) 1.3 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 85 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –7.2 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –19.7 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 20 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 209 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –8.4 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.7 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 2.7 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 12 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2 5Startup procedures for new business 11 11Time required to start a business (days) 43 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 94 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 433 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 1 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 140 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 174 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 69 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 174 125Real interest rate (%) 3 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.5 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 3 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,329 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 100 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 0 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 44 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 114 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 190 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 25 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 45 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 75 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 3.3 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 13 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 33 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 51 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 80 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 73 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 82 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 93 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 93 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 90 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 78 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 35 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 47 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 45 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 0 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 12 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 3 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 351 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 52.8 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 48 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 184 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 166 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1,575.8 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,472 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Cameroon



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 18.5 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 44 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5 5Startup procedures for new business 12 11Time required to start a business (days) 37 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 93 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 585 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 1,300 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 48 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 56 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 45 125Real interest rate (%) 5 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 35 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,728 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 96 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 242 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 11 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 46 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) 40 ..Gini coefficient 45 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 87 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 149 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 62 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 730 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 18 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 64 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 5.4 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 4.6 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.2 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 63 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 53 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 114 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 87 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 82 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 54 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 84 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 41 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 33 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 63 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 85 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 21 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 103 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 4 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 10 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 20 ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 762 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 4.8 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 47 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 572 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 189 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 245.3 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 2,800 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Cape Verde

Population (millions) 0.5 726.4Population growth (%) 2.3 ..GNI per capita ($) 1,720 600

Economic density ($/km2) 235,265 22,361GDP ($ millions) 948 528,146GDP growth (%) 4.4 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,292 541GDP per capita growth (%) 2.0 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 148 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –6.5 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –7.5 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 22 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 55 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –12.2 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 66 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 6 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.1 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 156 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 97 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 39 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 92 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 70 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 36 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 150 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 69 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.5 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 95 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 27 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 111 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 100 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 79 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 37 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 86 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 73 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 19 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 61 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 281 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 50 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 140 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 14.7 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 282 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 91 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 49 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 602.9 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Central African Republic



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 13.2 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.1 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 12 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2 5Startup procedures for new business 10 11Time required to start a business (days) 14 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 69 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 660 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 504 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 61 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 76 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 1 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,042 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 78 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 6 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 39 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 115 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 193 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 44 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 24 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 35 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 10.7 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 24 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 62Student–teacher ratio, primary .. 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 64 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 59 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 89 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 71 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 93 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 61 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 12 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 47 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 8 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 0 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 18 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 2 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 105 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 8.0 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 26 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 55 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 50 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 649.7 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point No —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Chad



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 30.5 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 15 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1 5Startup procedures for new business 19 11Time required to start a business (days) 75 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 44 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 526 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 122 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 51 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 72 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 8 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.8 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 18 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 671 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 100 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 479 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 44 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 117 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 200 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 14 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 37 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 56 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 3.5 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 11 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 29 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 69 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 71 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 38 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 58 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 77 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 66 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 40 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 32 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 0 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 30 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 9 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 0 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 14 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 6 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 5 ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 319 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 7.4 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 34 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 162 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 3 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 154 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1,665.9 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 260 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Comoros


Economic density ($/km2) 165,602 22,361GDP ($ millions) 369 528,146GDP growth (%) 1.9 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 378 541GDP per capita growth (%) –0.2 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 166 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –2.6 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –4.4 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 15 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 83 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –1.5 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.2 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 4.2 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 35 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 0 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,338 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 133 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 1 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 12 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 63 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 52 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 70 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 62 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 480 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 25 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 73 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 50 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 35 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 85 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 84 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 87 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 60 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 90 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 96 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 15 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 38 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 52 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 20 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 26 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 14 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Congo, Dem. Rep.



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 3.9 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 10.0 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 23 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5Startup procedures for new business 13 11Time required to start a business (days) 155 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 106 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 909 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 312 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 135 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 90 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 18 125Real interest rate (%) –4 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 11 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 767 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 135 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 435 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 44 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 129 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 205 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 990 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 31 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 64 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 3.2 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 90 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 62Student–teacher ratio, primary .. 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 64 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 70 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 91 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 63 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 83 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 29 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 23 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 43 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 37 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 1 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 26 ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,815 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 27.4 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 32 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,164 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 650 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 826.6 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 10,389 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Congo, Rep.






Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 52 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 81 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 108 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 510 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 65 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 5.3 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 11 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.2 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 66 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 83 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 89 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 87 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 87 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 56 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 72 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 17 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 2 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 14 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 102 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 9 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating 2.8 —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI Implementing —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —

PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 116 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 2.7 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 30 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 48 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 68 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 47.9 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 2,881 50,282Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Côte d'lvoire


Economic density ($/km2) 48,663 22,361GDP ($ millions) 15,475 528,146GDP growth (%) 1.6 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 574 541GDP per capita growth (%) 0.1 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 151 134Current account balance (% of GDP) 1.8 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –2.6 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 18 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 76 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 20.5 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.8 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 7.1 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 25 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5Startup procedures for new business 11 11Time required to start a business (days) 45 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 369 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 525 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 270 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 47 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 45 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 49 125Real interest rate (%) 1 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.1 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 109 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,262 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 113 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 175 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 148 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 46 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient 45 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 117 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 194 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 68 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 690 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 17 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 49 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 7.1 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 65 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 43 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 42 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 72 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 61 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 68 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 89 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 40 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 98 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 74 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 23 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 61 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 86 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 23 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 98 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 17 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 154 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 1.0 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 9 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 196 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) –43 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 43.6 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Djibouti


Economic density ($/km2) 23,848 22,361GDP ($ millions) 553 528,146GDP growth (%) 0.7 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 774 541GDP per capita growth (%) –2.3 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 100 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –7.7 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 22 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 47 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –5.3 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 22 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,667 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) .. 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 9 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 53 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 101 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 126 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 730 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 60 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 1 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.2 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 34 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 39 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 75 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 84 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 55 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 82 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 67 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 27 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 55 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) .. 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) .. 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 64 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 12.9 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 82 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 39 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –3 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 27 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1,419.4 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Egypt, Arab Rep.


Economic density ($/km2) 79,157 48,640GDP ($ millions) 78,796 279,114GDP growth (%) 4.2 4.6GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,615 1,879GDP per capita growth (%) 2.2 2.5GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 67 99Current account balance (% of GDP) 4.3 6.2Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –3.1 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 0 16Total external debt (% of GDP) 38 32

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 16.2 28.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 24.8Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 14.1Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 87 77Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 29 24Startup procedures for new business 13 11Time required to start a business (days) 34 ..Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 193 ..Time required to enforce a contract (days) 410 ..Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 ..Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 504 ..Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 32 ..Average time to clear customs (days) 10 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 53 ..Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. ..Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. ..Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 126Real interest rate (%) 3 2Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 66 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 51 ..Courts as major constraint (%) 27 ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 82 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 39 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 27 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 28 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 30 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 99.9 ..Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 1,269 1,930Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 7,554 1,467Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 38Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 34Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 124 109Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 252 2,314Remittances received ($ millions) .. ..



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 70 71Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) 17 ..Gini coefficient 34 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 30Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 36 37Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 69 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 84 127Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 9 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 97 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 0.0 ..AIDS deaths (thousands) 1 ..Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.5 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 95 ..Student–teacher ratio, primary 22 25Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 100 105Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 94 ..Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 77 ..Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 22 ..Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 100 96Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 97 84Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 56 57Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 84 89Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. ..Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. ..Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 235 ..Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 45 ..Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 11 ..Internet users (per 1,000 people) 54 ..Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating .. —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI .. —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) .. —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —

PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,458 2,804Net aid (% of GDP) 1.8 1.2Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 20 19Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,177 2,036Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 20 91Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 261 677Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 31.7 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. ..Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Equatorial Guinea


Economic density ($/km2) 115,330 22,361GDP ($ millions) 3,235 528,146GDP growth (%) 10.0 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,101 541GDP per capita growth (%) 7.5 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 160 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –2.1 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 23.4 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 34 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 9 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 30 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 1 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 83 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) .. 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) –159 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 43 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 122 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 204 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 65 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 880 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 19 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 51 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.3 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 50 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 30 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 99 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 95 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 82 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 94 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 52 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 45 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 42 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 46 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 60 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 106 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 10 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating .. —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI Endorsed —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —




Eritrea



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –62.9 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 5.3 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 28 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1 5Startup procedures for new business 0 11Time required to start a business (days) 91 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 91 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 385 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 216 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 66 58Average time to clear customs (days) 9 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 27 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 65 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 94 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 256 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 184 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 32 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 3 ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) 1 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 31 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 54 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 38 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 5 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 41 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3.7 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 4 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 217 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 72 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 10 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 3 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 54 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 52 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 82 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 28 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 630 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 40 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 84 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 37 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 2.4 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 6 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 44 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 47 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 66 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 91 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 60 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 72 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 54 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 3 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 34 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 81 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 14 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 11 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 12 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 260 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 28.0 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 61 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 178 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –5 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 86 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 668.6 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Ethiopia



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 4.1 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 28 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2 5Startup procedures for new business 7 11Time required to start a business (days) 32 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 56 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 420 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 1 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 52 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 44 58Average time to clear customs (days) 14 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 41 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 106 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 131 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 9 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 39 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 39 ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) 10 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 74 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 40 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 43 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 5 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 18 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.5 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 105 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,253 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 69 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 101 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 133 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 42 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) 44 ..Gini coefficient 30 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 110 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 166 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 6 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 850 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 47 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 71 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 4.4 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 120 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 51 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 72 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 77 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 91 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 74 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 81 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 11 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 4 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 19 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 76 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 0 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 8 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 8 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 2 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 17 ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,823 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 18.7 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 26 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,026 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 37 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 760 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1,455.9 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,275 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Gabon


Economic density ($/km2) 28,054 22,361GDP ($ millions) 7,229 528,146GDP growth (%) 1.4 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,860 541GDP per capita growth (%) –0.2 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 137 134Current account balance (% of GDP) 5.5 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 8.4 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 29 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 57 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 46.4 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.4 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 50 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 5 125Real interest rate (%) 2 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.4 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,641 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 144 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) –51 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 6 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 54 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 60 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 91 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 86 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 420 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 12 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 55 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 7.9 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 5 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.3 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 66 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 36 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 130 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 84 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 64 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 95 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 47 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 30 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 37 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 388 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 17 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 29 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating .. —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI Endorsed —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —




Gambia, The



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 10.5 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 34 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 1,118 125Real interest rate (%) 10 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.6 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 1 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,123 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 89 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 50 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 8 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 56 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 89 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 122 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 55 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 540 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 17 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 90 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 2.4 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 1 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 37 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 79 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 85 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 87 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 60 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 95 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 77 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 46 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 72 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 99 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 33 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 63 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 15.7 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 43 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 12 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 51 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 217.5 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 90 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Ghana



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 11.4 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 42 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business 12 11Time required to start a business (days) 81 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 382 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 200 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 7 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 304 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 45 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 34 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 32 125Real interest rate (%) 10 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 31 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,458 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 116 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 70 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 82 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 57 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 68 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 112 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 47 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 540 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 22 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 83 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 5 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 2.3 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 29 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.2 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 65 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 32 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 81 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 71 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 91 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 76 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 72 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 93 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 68 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 46 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 74 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 82 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 21 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 93 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 14 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 17 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,358 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 15.7 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 63 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 897 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 9 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 451 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 357.2 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,500 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Guinea






Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 54 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 101 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 155 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 56 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 740 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 33 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 73 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 1.5 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 7 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 48 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 45 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 79 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 47 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 72 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 89 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 83 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 78 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 38 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 6 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 25 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 54 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 15 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 5 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Guinea-Bissau



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –1.7 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) –6.7 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 18 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 3 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.5 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 2 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,220 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 81 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 23 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 45 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 126 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 203 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 35 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 25 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 80 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 27 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 44 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 70 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 65 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 93 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 63 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 79 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 49 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 23 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 57 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 8 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 17 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Kenya



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 12.6 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 48 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business 12 11Time required to start a business (days) 54 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 73 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 360 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 372 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 68 58Average time to clear customs (days) 9 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 28 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 44 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 84 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 81 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 52 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 74 ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 51 ..Crime as major constraint (%) 70 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 68 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 58 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 48 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 23 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 28 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.0 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 143 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,309 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 101 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 108 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 494 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 48 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 120 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 42 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 20 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 73 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 5 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 6.1 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 140 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 89 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 40 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 111 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 80 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 94 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 90 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 71 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 89 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 46 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 43 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 56 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 48 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 4 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 85 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 33 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 6 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 45 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 635 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 3.9 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 19 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 470 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 166 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 166.1 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point No —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Lesotho

Population (millions) 1.8 726.4Population growth (%) –0.1 ..GNI per capita ($) 730 600

Economic density ($/km2) 45,052 22,361GDP ($ millions) 1,367 528,146GDP growth (%) 3.1 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 543 541GDP per capita growth (%) 3.3 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 140 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –4.3 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 3.4 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 45 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 56 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –7.7 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 41.1 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 33.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 36 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business 9 11Time required to start a business (days) 92 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 101 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 285 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 2 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 564 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 38 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 42 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 7 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.9 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 11 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 936 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 79 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 101 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 121 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 53 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 355 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 36 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 80 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 112 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 60 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 550 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 18 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 70 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 23.2 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 23 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 71 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 44 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 131 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 104 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 74 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 49 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 88 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 74 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 32 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 61 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 109 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 24 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating 3.5 —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI .. —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) .. —




Liberia



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –0.6 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 3.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 32 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 16 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 917 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) .. 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 0 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 42 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 157 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 235 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 51 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 760 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 27 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 42 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 5.9 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 7 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 38 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 99 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 84 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 56 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 72 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 52 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 7 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 49 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 3 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 0 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 210 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 42.8 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 65 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 162 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 48 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 9,304.8 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point No —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Libya


Economic density ($/km2) .. 48,640GDP ($ millions) .. 279,114GDP growth (%) .. 4.6GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 1,879GDP per capita growth (%) .. 2.5GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) .. 99Current account balance (% of GDP) .. 6.2Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 16Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 32

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 28.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 24.8Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 14.1Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 104 77Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 56 24Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. ..Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. ..Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. ..Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. ..Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. ..Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. ..Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. ..Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. ..Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. ..Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 126Real interest rate (%) .. 2Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 21.9 ..Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 62 1,930Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 627 1,467Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 38Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 34Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) .. 109Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 2,314Remittances received ($ millions) 10 ..



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 74 71Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 30Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 20 37Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 97 127Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 99 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 0.3 ..AIDS deaths (thousands) .. ..Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 1.3 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. ..Student–teacher ratio, primary .. 25Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 112 105Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 103 ..Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 82 ..Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 32 ..Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 72 96Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 68 84Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 96 57Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 97 89Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. ..Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. ..Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 156 ..Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. ..Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. ..Internet users (per 1,000 people) 36 ..Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating .. —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI .. —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 2 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) .. —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 1 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —

PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) .. 2,804Net aid (% of GDP) .. 1.2Net aid per capita from all donors ($) .. 19Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) .. 2,036Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) .. 91Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) .. 677Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. ..Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Madagascar



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 7.8 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.3 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business 13 11Time required to start a business (days) 38 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 134 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 280 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 5 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 400 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 59 58Average time to clear customs (days) 7 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 59 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 50 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 78 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 54 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 42 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 47 ..Courts as major constraint (%) 35 ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 45 ..Crime as major constraint (%) 38 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 45 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 63 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 41 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 15 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 31 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 30.6 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 9 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 2,380 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 135 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 53 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 16 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 56 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient 47 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 76 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 123 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 51 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 550 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 42 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 59 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 0.5 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 3 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.3 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 45 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 52 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 134 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 70 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 86 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 80 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 75 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 34 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 27 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 49 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 48 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 5 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 19 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 5 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,236 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 28.3 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 68 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 685 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 552 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 964.4 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,900 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Malawi



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –9.1 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 1.8 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 29 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0 5Startup procedures for new business 10 11Time required to start a business (days) 35 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 118 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 277 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 4 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 782 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 57 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 21 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 23 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.2 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 193 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,095 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 90 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 44 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 1 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 40 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 110 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 175 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,800 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 22 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 80 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 36 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 14.1 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 78 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 58 62Student–teacher ratio, primary .. 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 125 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 76 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 98 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 90 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 86 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 96 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 62 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 42 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 66 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 29 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 25 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 4 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 476 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 25.0 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 38 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 308 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 166 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 252.9 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,000 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point No —



Mali



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 10.7 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 22 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2 5Startup procedures for new business 13 11Time required to start a business (days) 42 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 44 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 340 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 270 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 44 58Average time to clear customs (days) 10 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 66 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 32 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 11 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 51 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 11 125Real interest rate (%) 6 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 22 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 49 ..Courts as major constraint (%) 17 ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 33 ..Crime as major constraint (%) 22 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 37 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 57 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 24 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 4 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 21 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.0 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 42 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 839 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 104 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 62 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 154 7,339





PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 567 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 11.6 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 43 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 328 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) –1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 241 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1,742.8 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 895 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Mauritania



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –18.8 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 6.0 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 20 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business 11 11Time required to start a business (days) 82 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 49 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 410 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 696 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 76 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 73 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 6 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 9.8 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 3 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 842 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 79 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 105 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 7 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 2 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 53 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) 46 ..Gini coefficient 39 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 125 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 57 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 32 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 64 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 0.7 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 1 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 43 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 45 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 94 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 61 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 85 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 56 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 63 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 45 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 9 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 64 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 50 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 135 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 7 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 5 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 180 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 11.7 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 60 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 83 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 96 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 437.1 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,100 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Mauritius


Economic density ($/km2) 2,974,356 22,361GDP ($ millions) 6,038 528,146GDP growth (%) 4.4 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,223 541GDP per capita growth (%) 3.4 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 116 134Current account balance (% of GDP) 1.1 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –5.7 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 20 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 38 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 23.6 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 80 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 17 5Startup procedures for new business 6 11Time required to start a business (days) 46 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 210 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 367 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 158 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 38 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 37 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 20.8 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 25 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 3,455 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 89 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 35 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 215 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 73 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 15 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 24 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 98 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 1.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 100 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 22 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 103 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 95 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 103 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 84 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 46 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 100 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 100 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 99 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 100 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 700 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 146 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Morocco


Economic density ($/km2) 112,101 48,640GDP ($ millions) 50,031 279,114GDP growth (%) 4.2 4.6GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,349 1,879GDP per capita growth (%) 0.7 2.5GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 124 99Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.2 6.2Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –2.3 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 28 16Total external debt (% of GDP) 35 32

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 18.8 28.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.0 24.8Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 14.1Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 47 77Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 11 24Startup procedures for new business 5 11Time required to start a business (days) 11 ..Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 82 ..Time required to enforce a contract (days) 240 ..Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 ..Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 690 ..Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 55 ..Average time to clear customs (days) 3 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 60 ..Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. ..Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. ..Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 129 126Real interest rate (%) 2 2Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 15.4 ..Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 399 1,930Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,507 1,467Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34 38Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42 34Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 98 109Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 822 2,314Remittances received ($ millions) 4,221 ..



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 70 71Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 30Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 43 37Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 63 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 220 127Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 10 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 95 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 0.1 ..AIDS deaths (thousands) .. ..Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.5 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 75 ..Student–teacher ratio, primary 28 25Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 106 105Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 70 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 88 ..Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 84 ..Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 29 ..Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 99 96Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 56 84Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 31 57Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 83 89Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. ..Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. ..Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 357 ..Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 66 ..Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 29 ..Internet users (per 1,000 people) 117 ..Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 706 2,804Net aid (% of GDP) 1.4 1.2Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 24 19Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 393 2,036Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 70 91Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 242 677Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 36.0 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. ..Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Mozambique



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 12.3 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.3 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 11 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1 5Startup procedures for new business 14 11Time required to start a business (days) 153 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 42 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 580 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 2 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 230 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 51 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 61 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 16 125Real interest rate (%) –3 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.6 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 25 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 941 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 89 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 245 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 58 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 42 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 104 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 152 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 48 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 24 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 77 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 4 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 16.1 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 140 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 29 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 65 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 95 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 82 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 83 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 85 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 76 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 24 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 14 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 51 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 26 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 27 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 6 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 7 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..

Capable statesCPIA 2005 overall rating 3.5 —Country implementing or endorsed the EITI .. —Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 corrupt to 10 clean) 3 —Control of corruption (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Voice and accountability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Political stability (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Government effectiveness (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 2 —Regulatory law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) 3 —Rule of law (quintile 1 low to 5 high) .. —

PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,228 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 20.8 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 63 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 728 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 4 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 497 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 2,099.8 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Namibia






Niger



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 5.8 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 6.8 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 8 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1 5Startup procedures for new business 13 11Time required to start a business (days) 35 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 49 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 330 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 270 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 49 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 90 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 8 125Real interest rate (%) 6 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 5 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 397 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 120 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 18 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 26 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 45 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 152 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 259 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 16 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,600 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 40 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 74 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 6 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 1.1 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 8 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 25 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 44 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 45 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 37 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 71 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 96 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 73 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 80 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 36 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 4 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 43 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 37 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 0 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 13 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 2 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 37 ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 536 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 17.6 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 40 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 306 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 230 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 3,496.7 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,190 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Nigeria



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 39.6 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 35 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 10 5Startup procedures for new business 10 11Time required to start a business (days) 43 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 274 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 730 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 1,120 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 27 58Average time to clear customs (days) 18 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 38 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 1 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) 36 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 97 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.8 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 166 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,057 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 125 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 4,409 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 2,273 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 44 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient 44 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 101 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 197 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 35 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 800 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 29 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 35 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 1 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 3.9 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 220 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.3 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 75 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 36 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 99 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 84 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 86 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 47 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 72 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 49 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 30 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 48 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 84 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 28 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 79 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 12 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 2 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 14 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 47 ..





Rwanda



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 2.4 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.0 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 14 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business 9 11Time required to start a business (days) 21 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 371 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 310 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 0 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 168 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 54 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 59 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 219 125Real interest rate (%) 7 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.6 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 15 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 984 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 55 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 4 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 10 7,339





PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 468 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 25.5 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 53 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 217 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 250 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 2,257.4 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 1,400 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



São Tomé and Principe



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –29.0 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.5 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 39 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1 5Startup procedures for new business 9 11Time required to start a business (days) 192 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 51 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 405 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 6 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 1,008 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 27 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 60 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 4 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 18.2 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) .. 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 2,273 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 113 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 100 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 9 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 1 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 63 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 75 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 118 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 76 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 13 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 91 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.5 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 75 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 33 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 131 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 94 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 77 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 32 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 89 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 73 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 20 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 32 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 79 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 131 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Senegal



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 9.8 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 19 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 5 5Startup procedures for new business 9 11Time required to start a business (days) 57 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 114 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 485 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 7 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 696 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 45 58Average time to clear customs (days) 7 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 64 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 10 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 26 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 11 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 53 125Real interest rate (%) 5 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 31 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 40 ..Courts as major constraint (%) 13 ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 41 ..Crime as major constraint (%) 15 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 51 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 60 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 31 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 16 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 19 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.8 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 33 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 975 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 102 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 109 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 511 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 56 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 137 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 58 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 690 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 23 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 57 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 2 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 0.9 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 5 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 45 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 43 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 76 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 49 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 90 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 84 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 59 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 90 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 54 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 34 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 70 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 69 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 6 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 72 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 42 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,052 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 13.5 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 92 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 755 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 296 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1,166 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 850 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Seychelles


Economic density ($/km2) 1,528,458 22,361GDP ($ millions) 703 528,146GDP growth (%) –2.0 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 6,688 541GDP per capita growth (%) –3.0 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 126 134Current account balance (% of GDP) 5.3 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –0.7 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 49 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 87 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 21.4 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 10.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 112 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 1 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 99 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 96 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 100 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 30 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 2 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 73 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 14 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 99 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 1.5 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 106 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 14 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 113 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 99 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 97 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) .. 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) .. 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 100 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 75 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 100 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) .. 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 842 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 239 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Sierra Leone


Economic density ($/km2) 15,148 22,361GDP ($ millions) 1,085 528,146GDP growth (%) 9.6 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 170 541GDP per capita growth (%) 5.2 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 120 134Current account balance (% of GDP) .. –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –13.6 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 12 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 159 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) –4.9 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 5.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 26 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2 5Startup procedures for new business 9 11Time required to start a business (days) 26 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 58 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 305 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 399 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 164 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 80 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.7 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 0 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,223 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 110 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 25 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 41 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) 70 ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 165 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 283 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 42 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 2,000 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 27 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 64 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 37 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 79 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 48 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 71 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 94 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 58 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 75 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 46 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 30 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 53 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 27 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 2 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Somalia

Population (millions) 8.0 726.4Population growth (%) 3.3 ..GNI per capita ($) .. 600

Economic density ($/km2) .. 22,361GDP ($ millions) .. 528,146GDP growth (%) .. 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 541GDP per capita growth (%) .. 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) .. 134Current account balance (% of GDP) .. –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 24Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 18.7 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 1 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 522 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) .. 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 47 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 133 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 225 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 25 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 26 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 40 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) .. 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) .. 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 .. ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 62Student–teacher ratio, primary .. 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 95 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 61 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 32 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 27 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 14 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 47 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 88 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 25 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 191 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) .. 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 24 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 139 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 51 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point No —Reached HIPC completion point No —



South Africa

Population (millions) 45.5 726.4Population growth (%) –0.7 ..GNI per capita ($) 3,630 600

Economic density ($/km2) 176,755 22,361GDP ($ millions) 214,663 528,146GDP growth (%) 4.5 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,346 541GDP per capita growth (%) 5.2 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 141 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –3.2 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –1.6 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 13 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 21.7 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 14.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 90 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 15 5Startup procedures for new business 9 11Time required to start a business (days) 38 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 23 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 277 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 350 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 44 58Average time to clear customs (days) 7 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 52 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 5 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 6 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 7 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 2 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 18 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 16 ..Courts as major constraint (%) 9 ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 21 ..Crime as major constraint (%) 29 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 19 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 15 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 9 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 33 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 36 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 9.5 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 965 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 2,853 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 132 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) –1,021 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 521 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 45 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient 58 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 54 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 67 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 230 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 81 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 18.8 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 320 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.8 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 96 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 34 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 105 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 94 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 101 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 82 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 50 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 98 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 73 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 44 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 86 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 473 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 78 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 617 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 0.3 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 14 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 460 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 156 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) .. ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Sudan



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 18.7 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.5 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 33 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 6 5Startup procedures for new business 10 11Time required to start a business (days) 38 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 915 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 43 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) .. 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 10.7 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 69 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 400 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 157 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 1,481 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 1,403 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 57 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 63 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 91 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 87 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 590 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 41 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 59 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 0 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 1.6 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 34 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 .. ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 49 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 29 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 60 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 77 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 88 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 73 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 24 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 78 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 64 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 24 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 50 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 58 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 32 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Swaziland



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 14.1 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 42 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 4 5Startup procedures for new business .. 11Time required to start a business (days) .. 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) .. 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) .. 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) .. 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) .. 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) 3 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 26.0 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 7 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,160 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 102 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 109 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 65 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 89 7,339



Tanzania



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 8.5 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 11.0 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 1 5Startup procedures for new business 13 11Time required to start a business (days) 35 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 61 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 242 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 3 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 248 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 51 58Average time to clear customs (days) 18 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 69 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 44 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 61 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 18 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 77 125Real interest rate (%) 8 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 32 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 51 ..Courts as major constraint (%) 20 ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 55 ..Crime as major constraint (%) 26 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 73 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 53 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 59 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 12 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 25 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3.6 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 7 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,472 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 106 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 478 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 11 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 46 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) 36 ..Gini coefficient 35 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 126 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 46 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,500 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 94 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 11 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 6.5 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 140 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 57 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 58 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 101 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 78 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 91 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 88 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 92 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 62 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 41 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 54 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 27 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 1 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 32 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 9 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) 38 ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 1,746 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 15.4 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 46 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 1,029 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 3 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 714 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 1,753.0 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) 3,000 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —



Togo






Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 55 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 140 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 61 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 570 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 70 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 3.2 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 9 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.0 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 66 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 44 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 101 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 74 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 73 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 90 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 52 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 80 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 36 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 15 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 71 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 41 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 48 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 37 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Tunisia


Economic density ($/km2) 181,059 48,640GDP ($ millions) 28,129 279,114GDP growth (%) 6.0 4.6GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,341 1,879GDP per capita growth (%) 5.1 2.5GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 121 99Current account balance (% of GDP) –2.0 6.2Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –2.7 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 24 16Total external debt (% of GDP) 66 32

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 21.5 28.1Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 24.8Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) .. 14.1Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 77 77Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 26 24Startup procedures for new business 9 11Time required to start a business (days) 14 ..Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 57 ..Time required to enforce a contract (days) 27 ..Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 0 ..Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 112 ..Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 53 ..Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 54 ..Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. ..Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. ..Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 122 126Real interest rate (%) .. 2Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 8.0 ..Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 102 1,930Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,355 1,467Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47 38Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54 34Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 103 109Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 620 2,314Remittances received ($ millions) 1,432 ..



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 73 71Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient 40 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 30Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 25 37Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 90 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 127Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 4 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 95 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 0.1 ..AIDS deaths (thousands) 0 ..Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 1.3 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 97 ..Student–teacher ratio, primary 22 25Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 111 105Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 94 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 102 ..Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 78 ..Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 30 ..Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 94 96Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 60 84Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 62 57Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 90 89Access to electricity (% of urban population) .. ..Access to electricity (% of rural population) .. ..Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 480 ..Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. ..Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. ..Internet users (per 1,000 people) 84 ..Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 328 2,804Net aid (% of GDP) 1.2 1.2Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 33 19Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 231 2,036Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1 91Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 96 677Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 41.3 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. ..Reached HIPC decision point — —Reached HIPC completion point — —



Uganda



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 9.1 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.5 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 19 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 3 5Startup procedures for new business 17 11Time required to start a business (days) 36 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 48 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 209 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 7 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 237 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 43 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 13 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 26 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 71 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 25 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) 53 125Real interest rate (%) 19 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 28 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 38 ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 30 ..Crime as major constraint (%) 27 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 48 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 53 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 45 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 11 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 31 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 9 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,695 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 88 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 202 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) 306 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 49 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) 38 ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 80 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 138 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 39 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 880 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 23 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 91 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 0 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 6.7 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 91 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 57 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 50 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 125 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 77 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 97 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 88 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 81 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 87 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 52 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 39 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 53 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 44 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 2 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 44 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 15 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 1 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 7 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Zambia



Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 18.2 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 26 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2 5Startup procedures for new business 6 11Time required to start a business (days) 36 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) 77 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 274 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 10 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 132 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 39 58Average time to clear customs (days) 5 ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 10 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) 142 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) 30 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) 55 ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) –2 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) 57 ..Corruption as major constraint (%) 46 ..Courts as major constraint (%) 39 ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) 36 ..Crime as major constraint (%) 49 ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) 58 ..Finance as major constraint (%) 68 ..Electricity as major constraint (%) 40 ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) 17 ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) 36 ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.9 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 65 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,595 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 86 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 239 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 38 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient 42 ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 102 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 182 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 43 ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 750 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) 23 ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 84 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) 7 ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 17.0 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 98 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 0.1 ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 66 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 49 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 99 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) 69 ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 93 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 91 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 68 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 90 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 36 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 32 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 68 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 45 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 3 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 34 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) 10 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) 0 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 20 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..





Zimbabwe


Economic density ($/km2) 12,139 22,361GDP ($ millions) 4,696 528,146GDP growth (%) –4.2 5.1GDP per capita (2000 $) 457 541GDP per capita growth (%) –4.7 2.9GDP implicit price deflator (annual % change, $ series) 79 134Current account balance (% of GDP) –8.9 –2.4Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) –7.1 ..Central government revenue (% of GDP) 34 24Total external debt (% of GDP) 102 45

Drivers of growthGross domestic savings (% of GDP) 4.8 21.9Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 18.9Private sector capital formation (% of GDP) 13.4 13.3Gross secondary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 36 29Gross tertiary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 4 5Startup procedures for new business 10 11Time required to start a business (days) 96 64Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. ..Time required to register a property (days) .. 118Time required to enforce a contract (days) 350 439Protecting investors disclosure index (0 low to 10 high) 8 5Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours) 216 394Total tax payable (% of gross profits) 49 58Average time to clear customs (days) .. ..Rigidity of employment index (0 least rigid to 100 most rigid) 24 53Time for firm to obtain electrical connection (days) .. 52Electrical outages for firms (days per year) .. 51Time for firm to obtain telephone connection (days) .. ..Cost of phone call to the US (US cents per 3 min) .. ..Ratio of paved to total roads (%) .. ..Road density (road km/1,000 km2 of land area) .. 125Real interest rate (%) –43 4Domestic credit to private sector (% GDP) .. ..Policy uncertainty as major constraint (%) .. ..Corruption as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts as major constraint (%) .. ..Courts and property rights as major constraint (%) .. ..Crime as major constraint (%) .. ..Tax rates as major constraint (%) .. ..Finance as major constraint (%) .. ..Electricity as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor regulation as major constraint (%) .. ..Labor skills as major constraint (%) .. ..Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.2 3.6Fertilizer use (thousands of metric tons) 110 2,344Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land .. ..Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 558 1,095Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43 35Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56 40Terms of trade index (2000 = 100) 93 121Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 9 10,117Remittances received ($ millions) .. 7,339



Participating in growthLife expectancy at birth (years) 37 46Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of pop.) .. ..Gini coefficient .. ..Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 100Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 129 168Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. ..Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 874Child malnutrition, underweight (%under age 5) .. ..Child immunization, measles (% ages 12–23 mos.) 80 ..Children sleeping under treated bednets (% under age 5) .. ..HIV prevalence (% ages 15–49) 20.1 6.1AIDS deaths (thousands) 180 2,000Physicians per 1,000 people, 1997 .. ..Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 80 62Student–teacher ratio, primary 39 46Gross primary enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 96 92Youth literacy rate, total (% ages 15–24) .. ..Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 96 84Labor force participation rate, male (% ages 15–64) 85 86Labor force participation rate, female (% ages 15–64) 65 63Improved water source (% of urban population with access) 100 82Improved water source (% of rural population with access) 74 45Improved sanitation (% of urban population with access) 51 26Improved sanitation (% of rural population with access) 69 55Access to electricity (% of urban population) 87 51Access to electricity (% of rural population) 8 6Telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people) 55 84Households with own telephone (% of urban households) .. 12Households with own telephone (% of rural households) .. 1Internet users (per 1,000 people) 63 19Rural residents within 2 km of all-season road (%) .. ..


PartnershipNet aid ($ millions) 186 23,871Net aid (% of GDP) 4.0 4.5Net aid per capita from all donors ($) 14 33Net aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 165 15,331Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0 94Net aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 21 8,446Net aid (% of central government expenditure) 72.6 ..Debt relief committed under HIPC Initiative ($ millions) .. 50,282Reached HIPC decision point Yes —Reached HIPC completion point Yes —


Access to electricity is the percentage of the urban or rural population living in households with access to electricity as a proportion of the total urban or rural population. (Household survey data, supplemented by World Bank Project Appraisal Documents)

AIDS deaths are the estimated number of adults and children that have died in a specific year based on the modeling of HIV surveillance data using standard and appropriate tools. (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS’ 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic)

Average time to clear customs is the number of days to clear an imported good through customs. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (United Nations Children's Fund's State of the World's Children 2006)

Central government revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenue such as fines, fees, rent, and other income from prop-erty sales as a proportion of total gross domestic product (GDP). Grants are also considered revenue but are excluded here. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Cereal crop yield includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Child immunization, measles, is the percentage of children ages 12–23 months at the time of survey who received a dose of measles vaccine by 12 months or at any time before the interview date. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Child malnutrition, underweight, is the percentage of children under age 5 whose weight for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0–59 months. The reference population, adopted by the World Health Organization in 1983, is based on children from the United States, who are assumed to be well nourished. (World Health Organization's Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, www.who.int/netgrowthdb/)

Children sleeping under treated bednets are the percentage of children under age 5 who slept under an insecticide-treated bednet to prevent malaria. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Control of corruption measures the extent of corruption, conventionally defined as the exercise of public power for private gain. It is based on scores of variables from polls of experts and surveys. These scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004)

Corruption as major constraint is the percentage of senior managers who ranked corruption as a major or very severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Glossary


Corruption Perceptions Index score is a country’s score on Transparency International ’s annual Corruption Perceptions Index, which ranks more than 150 countries in terms of perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys of business people and country analysts. (www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi)

Cost of phone call to the US is the cost of a three-minute peak rate call from the country to the United States. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Cost to start a business is the cost to register a business as a percentage of gross national income (GNI) per capita. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Country implementing or endorsed the Extractive Industrial Transparency Initiative (EITI) shows whether a country is implementing or has endorsed the EITI, a multistakeholder approach that includes civil society, companies and government and that requires a work plan with time line and budget to ensure sustainability, independent audit of payments and disclosure of revenues, publication of results in a publicly accessible manner, and that the approach covers all companies and government agencies. (www.eitransparency.org/)

Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) 2005 overall rating assesses the quality of a country’s current policy and institutional frame-work. Quality refers to how conducive that framework is to fostering sus-tainable, poverty-reducing growth and the effective use of development assistance. The CPIA is conducted annually for all International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Development Association borrowers. Table 13.4 of Africa Development Indicators 2006 reports CPIA ratings only for Sub-Saharan African countries. Ratings are based on a set of 16 criteria, grouped into four clusters: economic man-agement, structural policies, policies for social inclusion and equity, and public sector management and institutions. These criteria seek to capture the key factors that foster pro-poor growth and poverty alleviation, without overly burdening the evaluation process. Country scores reflect a variety of indicators and judgments for each criterion that are based on country knowledge, analytical work, policy dialogue, work done by partners, and relevant publicly available information. The rating scale for each criterion varies from a low of 1 to a high of 6. The ratings are the main indicators of the likely effectiveness of current aid. Improvements in policies and institutions during the course of a year are reflected in the subsequent year’s performance ratings. (World Bank Country Policy and Institutional Assessment)

Courts as major constraint are the percentage of senior managers who ranked courts and dispute resolution systems as a major or very severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Courts and property rights as major constraint are the percentage of senior managers who do not agree with the statement: “I am confident that the judicial system will enforce my contractual and property rights in busi-ness disputes.” (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Crime as major constraint is the percentage of senior managers who ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major or very severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/


Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. (International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files; World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development estimates of gross domestic product)

Debt relief committed under Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative is the amount of debt service relief, calculated at the decision point, that will allow the country to achieve debt sustainability at the completion point. (World Bank)

Domestic credit to private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enter-prises. (International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics and data files; World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development gross domestic product estimates; World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Economic density is the total land area divided by gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices in current U.S. dollars. Land area refers to the land surface area of a country, excluding inland waters. GDP at market prices in current U.S. dollars is based on the GDP at market prices in local currency units, which is converted to dollars at the official exchange rate. If the official exchange rate is significantly different from the prevailing market rate or shows extreme volatility, the local currency is converted into U.S. dollars by using an alternative conversion factor. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Electrical outages are the average number of days per year that firms expe-rienced power outages or surges from the public grid.

Electricity as major constraint is the percentage of senior managers who ranked electricity as a major or severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Exports of goods and services are merchandise exports divided by gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Fertilizer use is the aggregate of nitrogenous, phosphate, and potash fertilizers. (Food and Agriculture Organization’s Fertilizer Yearbook)

Finance as major constraint is the average of the percentage of senior man-agers who ranked access to finance or cost of finance as a major or very severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Fiscal balance is revenue (including grants) minus expense, minus net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. In the International Monetary Fund’s Government Finance Statistics Manual 1986 nonfinancial assets were included under revenue and expenditure in gross terms. This cash surplus or deficit is closest to the earlier overall budget balance (still missing is lending minus repayments, which are now a financing item under net acquisition of financial assets). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows, is the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)


Gini coefficient is the most commonly used measure of inequality. The coef-ficient varies between 0, which reflects complete equality and 1, which indi-cates complete inequality (one person has all the income or consumption, all others have none). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Government effectiveness measures the quality of public service provision, the quality of the bureaucracy, the competence of civil servants, the inde-pendence of the civil service from political pressures, and the credibility of the government’s commitment to policies. These scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004)

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total output of goods and services for final use produced by residents and nonresidents, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of “manmade” assets or depletion and degra-dation of natural resources. GDP data are at market prices (also known as purchaser values) and have been converted to U.S. dollars using constant (2000) exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not effectively reflect the rate applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative currency conversion factor has been used. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross domestic product (GDP) growth is the average annual growth rates calculated from GDP at constant 2000 prices. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross domestic product (GDP) implicit price deflator is the one-year rate of price change in the economy as a whole (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is calculated by dividing GDP by the corresponding midyear population. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth is calculated using GDP per capita. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross domestic savings is calculated by deducting total consumption from gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross fixed capital formation, formerly gross domestic fixed investment, includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, rail-ways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisitions of valuables are also consid-ered capital formation. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross national income (GNI) per capita is GNI divided by midyear population. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross primary enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to primary level of education. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)


Gross secondary enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to secondary level of education. Secondary education completes the provi-sion of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Gross tertiary enrollment, total, is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to tertiary level of education. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

HIV prevalence is the percentage of people with HIV infection among all people ages 15–49. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Households with own telephone are the percentage of urban or rural households possessing a telephone as a proportion of the total number of urban or rural households. (Demographic and Health Surveys)

Imports of goods and services are merchandise imports divided by gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Improved sanitation is the percentage of the urban or rural population as a proportion of the total urban or rural population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connec-tion. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Improved water source is the percentage of the urban or rural population as a proportion of the total urban or rural population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a house-hold connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within 1 kilo-meter of the dwelling. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network, per 1,000 people. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Irrigated land is areas equipped to provide water to the crops. These include areas equipped for full and partial control irrigation, spate irrigation areas, and equipped wetland or inland valley bottoms. (Food and Agriculture Organization’s Production Yearbook and data files)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the male or female popula-tion ages 15–64 that is economically active as a proportion of the total male or female population who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Labor regulation as major constraint is the percentage of senior managers who ranked labor regulations as a major or severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)


Labor skills as major constraint are the percentage of senior managers who ranked skills of available workers as a major or severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to remain the same throughout its life. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes during pregnancy and childbirth per 100,000 live births. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Net aid ($ millions) is net aid from members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC), non-DAC bilateral donors, and multilateral donors. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Net aid (% of central government expenditure) is nominal total net aid divided by central government expenditure. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Net aid (% of GDP) is calculated by dividing nominal total net aid from all donors by gross domestic product (GDP), which reflects current prices and exchange rates. For a given level of aid flows, devaluation of a recipient’s currency may inflate the ratios shown in the table. Thus, trends for a given country and comparisons across countries that have implemented differ-ent exchange rate policies should be interpreted carefully. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Net aid from Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors is net aid from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s DAC donors and comprises grants and loans. Ireland and New Zealand are excluded from this compilation because their aid to Africa is negligible. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Net aid from multilateral donors is net aid from multilateral sources, such as the African Development Fund, the European Development Fund for the Commission of the European Communities, the International Development Association, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, Arab and OPEC financed multilateral agencies, and UN programs and agencies. Aid flows from the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) Trust Fund and Structural Adjustment Facility are also included. UN programs and agencies include the United Nations Technical Assistance Programme, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children’s Fund, and the World Food Programme. Arab and OPEC financed multilateral agencies include the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, the Islamic Development Bank, the OPEC Fund for International Development, the Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development, the Arab Fund for Technical Assistance to African and Arab Countries, and the Islamic Solidarity Fund. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors is net aid from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance countries, and China (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development data). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Net aid per capita from all donors is calculated by dividing nominal total net aid by midyear population. These ratios offer some indication of the importance of aid flows in sustaining per capita income and consumption levels, although exchange rates, aid flows, and other factors vary across countries and over time. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)


Physicians per 1,000 people are the number of physicians, including general-ists and specialists, per 1,000 people. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Policy uncertainty as major constraint is the percentage of senior managers who ranked economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a major or very severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Political stability measures perceptions of the likelihood that the government in power will be destabilized or overthrown by possibly unconstitutional or violent means, including domestic violence and terrorism. These scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004)

Population is World Bank estimates, usually projected from the most recent population censuses or surveys (mostly from 1980–2004). Refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum are generally considered to be part of the population of their country of origin. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Population growth is the one-year rate of growth in total population. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Primary completion rate, total, is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated as the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Private sector capital formation is gross fixed capital formation for the private sector. Gross fixed capital formation consists of gross domestic fixed capital formation plus net changes in the level of inventories, divided by gross domestic product (GDP), which is obtained by converting national currency GDP series in current prices to U.S. dollars at official annual exchange rates. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Protecting investors disclosure index measures the degree to which inves-tors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial infor-mation. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school is the ratio of female to male gross enrollment rate in primary and secondary school. (United Nations Educational Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)

Ratio of paved to total roads is the length of paved roads, which are surfaced with crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, with concrete, or with cobblestones, as a percentage of the length of all the country’s roads. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Reached Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) decision point shows whether a HIPC with an established track record of good performance under adjustment programs supported by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank’ HIPC Debit Initiative has committed to undertaking additional reforms and to developing and implement a poverty reduction strategy. (World Bank)


Reached Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) completion point shows whether a HIPC has successfully completed the key structural reforms agreed on at the decision point, including developing and implementing its poverty reduction strategy and has thus received the bulk of debt relief under the HIPC Debt Initiative without further policy conditions. (World Bank)

Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the gross domestic product (GDP) deflator. (International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics and data files, using World Bank data on the GDP deflator)

Regulatory law measures of the incidence of market-unfriendly policies such as price controls or inadequate bank supervision, as well as perceptions of the burdens imposed by excessive regulation in areas such as foreign trade and business development. These scores are dividend into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004)

Remittances received comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries by nonresident workers. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, spe-cifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Road density is the total length of national road network per 1,000 square kilometers of land area. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society. These include perceptions of the incidence of crime, the effectiveness and predictability of the judiciary, and the enforceability of contracts. These scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004)

Rural residents within 2 km of an all-season road are the percentage of rural people who live within 2 kilometers of an all-season passable road as a proportion of the total rural population. (Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program; World Bank)

Startup procedures for new business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Student-teacher ratio, primary, is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Tax rates as major constraint are the percentage of senior managers who ranked tax rates as a major or very severe constraint. (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, http://rru.worldbank.org/EnterpriseSurveys/)

Telephone subscribers are the total mainlines per 1,000 inhabitants plus cel-lular subscribers per 1,000 inhabitants. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)


Terms of trade index measures the relative movement of export and import prices. It is calculated as the ratio of a country’s export unit values or prices to its import unit values or prices shows changes over a base year (2000) in the level of export unit values as a percentage of import unit values. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Time for firm to obtain telephone connection is the average actual delay, in days, that firms experience when obtaining a telephone connection, mea-sured from the day the establishment applied to the day they received the service or approval. (World Bank Investment Climate Assessments)

Time for firm to obtain electrical connection is the average actual delay, in days, that firms experience when obtaining an electrical connection, measured from the day the establishment applied to the day they received the service or approval. (World Bank Investment Climate Assessments)

Time required to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropri-ate cases, payment. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Time required to register a property is the time required to register property is the number of calendar days needed for businesses to secure rights to property. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Time required to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.world-bank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Time to prepare and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Total external debt is the ratio of total debt (sum of long-term debts in the form of official concessional, official nonconcessional, and private debt plus International Monetary Fund credit and estimates of total short-term debt and interest in arrears on public and publicly guaranteed long-term loans) to gross domestic product (GDP). (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Total tax payable is the total amount of taxes payable by a business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a per-centage of gross profit. (World Bank’s Doing Business project, http://rru.worldbank.org/DoingBusiness/)

Tractors per 100 hectares of arable land are the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. The prob-ability is expressed as a rate per 1,000. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)


Voice and accountability measure various aspects of the political process, civil liberties, political and human rights, and the extent to which citizens of a country are able to participate in the selection of governments. These scores are divided into five groups based on percentile rank and lie between point estimates of –2.5 and 2.5, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes. (Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi, 2005, Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996–2004)

Youth literacy rate, total, is the percentage of people ages 15–24 who can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. (World Bank’s World Development Indicators)

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