Hollywood Movies: Its Effects on Muslim Society_________________________________________________________________________LITERATURE REVIEW

Hollywoodis a district inLos Angeles,California,United Statesof America.Due to its fame andcultural identityas the historical centre ofmovie studiosand movie stars, the wordHollywoodis often used as ametonymofAmerican cinema. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as theWestsideneighbourhood,and theSan FernandoandSanta ClaritaValleys, but significant auxiliary industries, such asediting,effects,props,post-production, andlightingcompanies remain in Hollywood.Hollywoods fame in movie industries started as early as 1910, when directorD.W. Griffithwas sent by theBiograph Companyto the west coast with his acting troupe. While there, the company decided to explore new territories, traveling several miles north toHollywood, a little village that was friendly and enjoyed the movie company filming there. Griffith then filmed the first movie ever shot in Hollywood,In Old California, a Biograph melodrama aboutCaliforniain the 19th century. Biograph stayed there for months and made several films before returning to New York. After hearing about Biograph's success in Hollywood, in 1913 many movie-makers headed west to avoid the fees imposed byThomas Edison, who owned patents on the movie-making process.InLos Angeles, California, thestudiosandHollywoodgrew. BeforeWorld War I, movies were made in several U.S. cities, but filmmakers gravitated tosouthern Californiaas the industry developed. They were attracted by the mild climate and reliable sunlight, which made it possible to film movies outdoors year-round, and by the varied scenery that was available. There are several starting points for cinema, but it was Griffith's controversial 1915 epicBirth of a Nationthat pioneered the worldwide filming vocabulary that still dominates celluloid to this day.The Hollywood movies then crawled to many parts of the world, including the Muslim countries.They reached the cinemas in Iran and its neighbouring countries. While in the South East Asia, they reached Indonesia as early as 1926 and peaked in the1980s. Its influence then spread into neighbouring Muslim countries like Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.