literature final
TRANSCRIPT
LITERATURE STUDYON
MULTIPLEX
MULTIPLEX
MULTIPLEXDEFINITION OF MULTIPLEX(oxford): a large cinema/movie theater with several separate rooms with screens (or)
A building, especially a movie theater or dwelling, with multiple separate units.
Definition(G.O): Multiplex complex shall mean an integrated entertainment and shopping centre/complex or a shopping mall and having at least 3 halls/screens.
Although definitions vary, a large multiplex with 20 or more screens is usually called a megaplex
Theatres are of different types. Now a days we can find four types of theatres. They areMultiplex IMAXIndependent & second-runDrive-in theatres
MULTIPLEX
HISTORY OF MULTIPLEX
•In India, the mushrooming of multiplexes started in the mid-90s
•India's first multiplex was MARIS COMPLEX with 5 screens in it and was opened in 80s in
Tiruchirappalli.
The largest multiplex in India is the 16-screen multiplex by Mayajaal in Chennai.
• The minimum size of plot for a multiplex shall be 3000sq.m
• The minimum abutting road width for a multiplex shall be 18m existing.
• The abutting road has to be black-topped with minimum 2-lane carriageways.
• Service roads are required for site abutting 30m and above roads and approach shall be allowed only through service road.
SITE REQUIREMENTS
G.O.No: 486
• The width of the service road shall be minimum 7m with 2-lane black-topped carriageway.
• An organised open space of at least 10% of total site area shall be maintained and utilised as greenery over and above the mandatory alround setbacks. This could be part of the interior open space or be in one or more pockets.
SITE REQUIREMENTS
G.O.No: 486
Height of building
Minimum abutting road
width
Minimum all-round open space on other sides
Up to 21m 12.2 7Above 21m to 24m
12.2 8
Above 24m to 27m
18 9
Above 27m to 30m
18 10
SETBACK-HEIGHT CONSIDERATION
G.O.No: 486
SET BACKS Maximum height of block/portion wherein the Multiplex
screens are set up shall not exceed 30m
Sites located in gram panchayat areas and outside UDA areas, the maximum height of all block – 30m
Heights of blocks - Min. abutting road width30-45m - 24mAbove 45m - 30m
G.O.No: 486
SET BACKS
G.O.No: 486
Suitable means of entrance and exit which shall not be :
• Less than 5m width and 2.5m in height for use of the public and, to access of the fire fighting vehicles in the road frontage.
ENTRANCE ENTRANCE&EXIT ..
• The parking may be provided in basements or cellars or on stilt floor or in open spaces.
• For parking in open spaces, the minimum required setbacks (except front) to be left around the building with adequate vehicular access, aisle, drives, ramps, required for maneuvering of vehicles.
PARKING SPACE
G.O.No: 486
PARKING REQUIREMENTS
Types of buildings
Parking area to be provided as percentage of total built
up areaIn municipal Corporation
areas
Other areas
Multiplex complexes
60% 50%
Cinema theatres
40% 30%
G.O.No: 486
PARKING TYPES..
METRIC HANDBOOK
Multi-level parking complex adjoining to the complex within the site may be considered provided that a minimum clear open space of 6m from site boundary is ensured.
Preferable to use one-way systems.Long-stay car parks (e.g. for commuters) can have
longer parking aisles and slightly narrower parking stalls (2.3 m), compared with short stay/rapid turnover (2.5m).
PARKING
METRIC HANDBOOK
PARKING LAYOUTS..
METRIC HANDBOOK
PARKING LAYOUTS..
T.S.S
• At least two ramps of minimum 3.6 m width or one ramp of minimum 5.4 m width and adequate slope shall be provided.
• Basement/cellar shall be set back at least 1.5 m from the property line.
in case of more than one cellar 1 metre additional setback for every additional cellar floor shall be insisted.
• Up to 10% of cellar may be utilized for utilities and non-habitation purpose like A/C Plant room, Generator room, and such other similar utilities
PARKING
FIRE SAFETY..• The number of lifts in one row for a lift bank shall not exceed
4 and the total number of lifts in the bank (of two rows) shall not exceed 8.
• A wall of 2 h fire rating shall separate individual shafts in a bank.
• Collapsible gates shall not be permitted for lifts and shall have solid doors with fire resistance of at least 1 h.
• lifts shafts shall have a vent at the top of area not less than 0.2 mts.
N.B.C
HORIZONTAL ESCAPE ROUTES
• For commercial buildings such as multiplexes, 18m in one direction, 45m in more than one.
• The number of escape routes also depend on the maximum number of people in the area under consideration.
NO. OF PEOPLE WIDTH OF ESCAPE ROUTES
50 800mm
110 900mm
220 1100mm
220+ Extra 5mm/person
• No staircase shall have a flight of more than 15 steps or less than 3 step.
• The access to the theatre if it is on the upper storey shall be provided by not less than two independent stairs of fire-proof-construction.
• No corridor leading to any stair case or exit passage shall be less than 1.5 m. in width.
MULTIPLEX REQUIREMENTS..Type of building Maximum FAR Maximum
coverage Cinema hall
multiplex125 40 %
LIFTS :• Capacity of 13 persons are
required.
•A:2400•B:2300
SHAFT SIZE
•C:1600•D:1400•E:2300
CAR SIZE
•M:800•N:2000DOORS • P:1800PIT
• Q:4200• H:2700• R:4900• S:3200
MACHINE ROOM
LIFT DIMENSIONSFOR 13 PERSON CAPACITY
WIDTH/SLOPE OF RAMP :• the clear width leading to the basement is 4m.
With an adequate slope not steeper than 1:10.• for entry and exit separate ramps of clear width
of 4m, each shall be provided.
Theatre zone
• The design of the modern cinema seeks to find a successful balance between the• existing site conditions.• Individual theatre size.• raking of seats to provide an unobstructed view.
• good sound and picture quality for the customer.• No other amenities viz; pubs , food courts, fun zone etc are to
be provide in the theatre block or portion
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
Four standard types of films are described according to their widths : 8mm,16mm,35mm,70mm.
THEATRE ZONE
• room behind the screens can be installed, or two way projection rooms for back-to-back screens.
• Projection rooms require a separate system of mechanical or natural ventilation, water cooling facilities, suitable positioned lighting and sufficient heating (or cooling) to maintain a minimum temperature of 10°C.
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
Screens • The aim should be to use as large a screen as possible, up
to the limits defined either by given maxima or width of seating.
• The proportions are 1:1.75 height to width and black masking is used around the edges to preserve the maximum brightness on the screen.
• Within large auditoria, curved directional screens were originally developed to overcome problems of dispersion of reflected light from flat screens.
• Modern cinemas, with better screen material, are able to use the curvature of the screen to reduce the amount of apparent distortion to side sight-lines.
THEATRE ZONE
• Screen construction is generally pvc or metalized fabric stretched over a metal frame. It should be remembered that the surface will deteriorate over time.
• A minimum depth of 1.35m is required behind the screens for the installation of speakers.
• the number and position of which usually depends on the type of sound system and the size of the auditorium.
• Space must also be left for the tabs (curtains) and mechanical systems to the side of the screen.
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
p = lowest and nearest point on stage clearly visible by audience,
HD = horizontal distance between eyes in successive audience rows,
EH = average audience eye height above floor, E height between eye and top of head,
D = distance from eye of person in front row to P.
The maximum comfortable amount the head can be turned from the seat centreline is 30°
THEATRE ZONE
SOURCE: NEUFORT
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
• An theatre width should not exceed approximately twice that of the screen and its length no more than three times the screen width.
• To achieve the best sound quality the opposite surfaces of floors, ceilings and walls should not be parallel to each other.
• Where the ideal fan shape is not possible, singular angled walls, raked ceilings or acoustically absorbent features can be used.
THEATRE ZONE
Gangways • These should have a minimum clear width of
1.05m. • In small auditoria (100-250 seats), a single central
gangway is sufficient.• for medium size venues, a gangway on either side is
acceptable, causing less visual distraction.• In large auditoria (400-600 seats) the preferred
solution is to have twin gangways set in 0.25-0.35 of the cinema width from each side.
THEATRE ZONE
Row to row dimension and clearway with fixed seating.
Row to row dimension and clearway with tipped-up seating
Height of screen above floor level Minimum – 0.6m Maximum – 1.5mRow spacing and aisles Minimum spacing between rows – 0.8m Maximum – 1m to 1.2m
Gangways and passages must not be more than 6.0 m apart. No seat must be more than 3.0 m from gangway or passage.
A gangway or passage must be at least 1.2 m wide and they shall be provided at least one in the centre and one on each side.
Additional accommodation • Other requirements in the design layout of a cinema include: plant room. staff rooms and facilities. cleaners' store. manager's office. film store. kiosk stock room . refrigeration for ice creams. projection booths. a treasury secure cash room. • Multiplex cinemas now combined with other commercial and
leisure activities such as shopping malls, computer games arcades, virtual reality centres, bowling alleys etc.
THEATRE ZONE
SERVICING FACILITIES• Projection rooms Traditionally these were divided into separate
compartments they are: rewinding and projecting film. dimmer room or sound and light control room – 2mx3.5m battery room. spotlight room – 3.9mx7.5m Workshop. store room ----------- each forming a 6-10m2. • Automated systems currently in use include projection areas with
rewinding benches, sound equipment, dimmer and switch facilities. • To cater for future trends, a minimum area of 5.5 x 4.0m per screen should
be allowed, with a minimum ceiling height of 2.6m. • Continuous playing equipment enables one operator to control several
screens. In multiplex cinemas, a long continuous projection.
THEATRE ZONE
The minimum sizes of projection rooms are: Minimum equipment: 3.9 - 4 m, With effects lantern and spotlight: 3.9 - 7.5 m, Typical commercial cinema: 6.6 - 7.3 m. Floor-to-ceiling height should be not less than 6.4 m.
THEATRE ZONE
Public areas surrounding the theatre zone• The public areas are important in conveying an image of class and
comfort to customers and the decor should therefore be attractive and designed to high standards.
• The space may include : payment booths. advance booking facilities. ticket machines. refreshment kiosks. merchandising stalls. forthcoming film advertising. information on current screenings. • There should be sufficient room for queuing comfortably and clear
signage to public toilets, theatre entrances etc. Suitable access, toilets and lifts are required for visitors with disabilities.
THEATRE ZONE
ACOUSTICS Fan shaped seating with racked chairs for viewing and
hearing.Projection screen and the loud speakers behind it
should be at a height enough to cover entire audience.Back side of the screen and surroundings of the screen
be “ Black and absorptive” to prevent light- reflections.Projection- Booth&Noise should not enter audience
section, hence inside of the booth be made highly absorbent and window- glasses be properly sealed.
THEATRE ZONE
Directional loud speakers for balconies.Amplifiers to be behind the screen be made
absorptive.With stereophonic sound system, adjusted to
sound track of the film; the side- walls, flat ceiling and the surface around the screen should be kept more absorptive and dispersive.
Sight lines are more important as high level sound is already provided by amplifiers.
THEATRE ZONE
THEATRE ZONE
For variable strength of the audience, keep seats more absorptive.
With properly located amplifiers, deep balconies can be provided.
Directional effect should not be confused by reflections.
Avoid echo- producing corners and reflections from balcony-aprons.
Amplifiers at the rear should not be closer to the seats.
Sound systems • The sound is decoded in the projection room to
achieve the effect desired for the particular film.• Typically, five speakers are used, one being
specifically for bass sounds, and often with a sixth as an theatre speaker.
• Very wide screens and side sound sources can produce acoustic problems.
• generally for cinemas reflected sound paths should not exceed direct paths by more than 15m.
THEATRE ZONE
General servicing
• Illumination of seating areas and gangways is required during the film programme but none of the light should fall on the screen or walls.
• Acoustic separation is necessary at entrances to each theatre and also between the projection rooms. At entrances, this is achieved with lobbies and sound reducing door sets.
AIR CONDITIONING : • The recommended working temperature of the projection room is 18°C.• The location of the AHU(air handling units) has been sited in 3 broad
areas – adjacent to the screen.
THEATRE ZONE
• Shopping areas,• Food zone, and• Gaming zone.
AMENITIES
shopping zone
Limitations on travel distance (maximum travel distance)One direction: 18mMore than one direction: 45m
Planning Guidelines:
- -
SHOPPING ZONE
Structural models width(m) notes
Small shops 5.3 to 6.0 mostly 5.4m
Large-space users 7.3 to 9.2 depending on beam depth single-storey-Spans
Clear ceiling height to underside of beams
Small shops 3.3 to 3.8 3.2 to 3.6
Sales areanon-sales area
Larger- space users 3.6 min with foolr : floor spacing 4 to 5m
SHOPPING ZONE
GOODS & SERVICE DOCKS MTS NOTES
TYPICAL PROVISION FOR LARGE SPACE USERTWO 15M ARTICULATED LORRIES:WIDTH
10.7 ALLOWING 1.5M ON EACH SIDE
MINIMUM CLEARANCE HEIGHT 4.7 APPROACH ROAD 5M
Storage & display racks for clothing shops
SHOPPING ZONE
SHOPPING ZONE
SHOPPING ZONE
Standard/ minimum sizes for window/ retail shops
Single customer aisled Length Width
Larger cities 50’-60’ 12’-15’
Smaller cities 60’-80’ 15’-18’
Height
Basement 8’-9’
Ground floor 12’
If mezzanine floor is included >7’6”
Height from mezzanine floor to ceiling level Minimum of 6’6”
Width
Aisle 6.5’
Subsidary aisle 3’
SHOPPING ZONE
SHOPPING ZONE
SHOPPING ZONE
SHOPPING ZONE
Food zone
Food courts are most common amenities provided in any of the multiplexes or malls.Interior spaces of a food court can be divided into 3 major areas:
Dining areaKitchenPantry andStorage area
Restaurants and Eateries
FOOD
ZONE
•Dining constitutes major area in the food court and kitchen should be 50% of dining area while storage can be 1.5-2 times that of kitchen.
FOOD
ZONE
FOOD
ZONE
Dining area Height of the room
<50m2 2.50m
>50m2 2.75m
>100m2 3.0mm
Above or below galleries >2.5m
Type of restaurant Space required per person(m2/person)
Snack bar service 1.5-2.2
Cafe service 0.83-1.5
Coffee bars 1.2-1.4
Self –service 1.4-1.7
Kitchen for restaurant 0.3Xno. Of covers
FOOD
ZONE
FOOD
ZONE
Baker’s shop-plan
C- Cash RegisterW- weighing machine
Baker’s shop- section
FOOD
ZONE
Hang-out spaces
These include:•Bowling alleys, •Convention centers•Pubs, and •Gaming zones
GAMING ZON
E
GAMING ZON
E
GAMING ZON
E
Skittle and bowling alleys can be divided into the following areas:• The run up, in which the ball is bowled after a few approach steps and it is approximately 4.-m long•The lane, the surface along which the ball rolls and it is approximately 18.30m long•The catching pit, in which the fallen skittles/pins and balls are collected it is approximately .60m long
Bowling alleys
GAMING ZON
E
BOWLING ALLEYS
GAMING ZON
E
BOWLING ALLEYS
GAMING ZON
E
Materials used for bowling and skittle alleys are:•Tiled or wooden flooring with not so smooth finish but with glossy look.•Run ups are made from sanded parquets,•And lanes from polished or varnished parquets, even asphalt, plastic and wood is used for lanes though they must be highly polished.
GAMING ZON
E
Most of the pubs have:•Bars (drinking areas)•Food serving areas•Pub games.
HANG-
OUT SPACES
TOILETSFOR CINEMA HALLS IN MULTIPLEX(NBC)
FIXTURES PUBLICMALE FEMALE
STAFFMALE FEMALE
Water-closet 1 per 100 upto400 3 per 100 upto 200 Above 400 add 1 per above 200 add 1 per 250 and part thereof 100 and part thereof
1 for upto 15 1 for upto 12
Urinals 1 per 25 ---- nil upto 6 1 for7-20 ---- 2 for 21-45
Wash basins 1 per 200 1 for upto 15 1 for upto12
Drinking water fountains
1 per 100 persons 1 per 100 persons
Cleaning sinks 1 per floor 1 per floor
REFERENCES:
T.S.S ARCHITECT’S HAND BOOK. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE-2005 G.O – 486 WIKIPEDIA. METRIC HANDBOOK