ling-13 supra-segmental phonemes stress

8/2/2019 LING-13 Supra-Segmental Phonemes Stress

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Segmental and Supra-Segmental

Phonemes Vowel and Consonant Phonemes are

called Segmental Phonemes

Supra-Segmental Phonemes (Stress,Pitch, and Juncture) accompanysegmental Phonemes

They provide an extra layer of structureimposed upon the segmentalphonemes.


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Three Classes of Supra-

Segmental Phonemes in English Stress- Refers to the relative force of

articulation of a given syllable

Pitch- Refers to the relative lowness orhighness of a tone

Juncture- a perceived space or

boundary marker of a sound


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Stress

Refers to the relative force ofarticulation of a given syllable

Stressed syllables are always moreprominent than unstressed syllables

Stressed syllables are always louder

than unstressed syllables


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Four Degrees of Stress in English

/ @/ represents primary stress

/ ^ / represents secondary stress

/` / represents tertiary stress

/)/ represents weak(minimal) stress


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Four Levels of Stress can bedemonstrated in the following

sentence Hows the baby?

^ & @ $

/hawz bebi/

The first syllable has secondary stress

The second word has weak stress First syllable of baby has primary stress

Last syllable of baby has tertiary stress


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Most Frequent Patterns

If the word coffee /@fi*/ is spoken inisolation, the first syllable receives

primary stress /@/ and second syllablereceives weak /)/ stress.

In an utterance of two syllables, only

two degrees of stress can be present: / @ (/ and /@ $ /

Coffee /@fi( @/ Blackboard /blQ@bor$d


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Stress

Stress is a relative term. That is to

say, a given syllable is more orless loud, relative to theloudness of the other syllables

(stresses) in the utterance.


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Four Degrees of Stress in the

Phrase Simple Simon /sImp(l say@m$/

The loudest syllable is #3

The second loudest syllable is #1

The third loudest syllable is #4

The weakest syllable of all is #2


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Meaning changes when stress

shifts from one syllable to another but I dont want to

answer to who can

go? I didnt think I

could, but

I can go/ay Q$ go@/

I can go / ay@ ae$

go/ I can go / ay ae@

go$/


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Minimal Pairs involving stress

supra-segmental phonemes / wayt@haws$/

/( way^t haws@/

/( wayt@ haws /

The Whitehouse(Presidents house)

The white house (ahouse paintedwhite)

The Whitehouse(Mr. Whiteshouse)


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Minimal Pairs for Stress

/( gri@ haws/

/ ( gri haws@/

/ ( gri@ haws$/

The Green house(Mr. Greens house)

The green house (ahouse which isgreen)

The greenhouse ( aplace where plantsare grown)


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Stress Levels Not Absolute

Stress levels are relative. A

syllable which is marked ashaving primary stress is heardas the loudest syllable relative to

all the other syllables in theutterance

ling-13 supra-segmental phonemes stress

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