limnology: a case study of pollution on water at ganga

International Journal of Recent Engineering Research and Development (IJRERD)

ISSN: 2455-8761

www.ijrerd.com || Volume 03 – Issue 07 || July 2018 || PP. 01-06

1 | Page www.ijrerd.com

Limnology: A case study of pollution on water at ganga river in

between kankhal to Bhogpur. Haridwar India (U.K)

Dr. Deepika Vats Department of Agriculture / Horticulture

Himalyan Garhwal University, Pauri

Abstract: The limn logical study of bhogpur haridwar was made for a period of one year for this study the

water samples were collected from different points in ganga river in each month and the results are presented in

summer, mansoon and winter. Temperature, D.O. , PH, hardness magnesium, chloride, turbidity were found

maximum while free CO2, BOD calcium magnesium were foun in winter season total coli form organism (

MPN) and (SPC) were found in minimum in winter season among phytoplankton, zooplankton are dominant

species are found, bacteriological as well as icothofauna of fish along macro benthic invertebrates are dominant

and shows possitive relation with lower species.

Key word: dominant, plankton microbes fish phyciso-chomical parameters.

Introduction: Bhogpur are very favourable sites for study. It is situated in the luxar in the district haridwar of U.K.

according to ancient history, the devi ‘sati’ daughter of daksha prajapati and wife of lord shiva burnt herself at

this place the insult of her lord. In konkhal. The effluent of some houses temples, heritages enters in it. It

contains richness of phytoplankton zooplankton, fishes microbes flora and Faune etc. A considerable

temperature gradient exists inside the earth which is found to be quite high in certain geographical locations

macro benthic density and water quality are inter related to each other as they are potential indicators of water

quality of any aquatic ecosystem or a body ecology is closely related to fishery limnology, zooplankton,

phytoplankton. Metals may occur in the environment by hydrated ionic species or a variety of complexes.

Material and methods: Fish samples were collected from river ganga by the help of net or fisherman planktons by plankton net standard

methods of APHA (1995) physical and trivedi and goel biological parameters were stadied as per method

suggested by APHA (1995) and dissolved oxygen was recorded immediately after collection of samples on the

site by khanna and bbhutiani (2004) metals by atomic absorptions spectra photometer (AAS). Using the

appropriate element hollow cathode lamp, monochromater was set at the selected wavelength standard solution

of the different elements of interest were prepared seperatly the instrument was zeroed with distasted deionized

water, the samples for this analysis were subjected to acid digestion and subsequrthly different mineral elements

were determined using appropriate methods.


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Results and Discussion: The various observation of water at kankhal to bhogpur are in table 1-10. Temperature shown on

inverse relationship with dissolved oxygen in all seasons maximum dissolved oxygen was recorded in winter

season. Which decreased in the summer and monsoon seasons due to increase in turbidity it minimum value was

observed. During summer and monsoon season high temperature results in decrease of pH also reported.

By several workers and free Co2 influence the alkalinity and pH of water. Statistical analysis of data.

The data for all physico chemical and microbiological parameters were collected and the data were analyzed for

calculating mean, median, standard deviation of each parameters and correlation as per goed (1999) with the


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help of computer Microsoft excel microbiological parameters increases in July and minimum in January

7000.00MPN/100ml to 200.00×103 SPC/ml

Mean ((𝑥) = 𝜎𝑥

𝑁

Where x = individual reading of parameters £x = Total of all reading for parameters N = Number of samples

Standard duration (SD or 0 );

SD = 𝜎 𝑥−𝑥 2

𝑛−1

Where, x = individual reading of parameters

𝑥 = mean of 𝜎 x

N = number of samples

Turbidity was minimum 0.00 JTU ± 0.00 in February month in the year 2003-2004 and maximum 1264.00 JTY

± 13.72 in September month in 2004-2005 metals in august / January minimum in November or December 0.02

mg/l ± 0.01 to 0.90 mg/l ± 0.01 plankton maximum in January lowest in July 659.03 unit/l ± 64.00 to 519.98

unit/l ± 100.22 benthic invertebrate maximum January minimum April may December fishes are shown during

all the seasonally fluctuations.


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ISSN: 2455-8761



Conclusions: World water day (march 22). The decision to celebrate this day has been taken monthly as drinking

water sources are depleting. The world must wake up to the problem and begin conserving it or world

meteriological day (march 23). Everyone has to be reminded that weather is an internal part of the environment.

Contaminated water is very toxic for human health as it causes, many serious diseases as cholera, dysentery,

typhoid etc. climate change has emerged as a major challenge for sustainable human settlement.

Results demonstrate the seasonal variations in the phycico- chemical characteristics of water quality.

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[2]. Adrian, D.C. 1986, trace elements in the terrestrial environment, new York : Springer verlag.

[3]. APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water 20th

edn. Was hington O.C. Newyork

[4]. Brock, T.D. 1978, Hemophilic micro organisms and life at high temperature spring verla.

[5]. Berner LM, (1951): Limnology at the lower missauri river ecology, 31 : 1-12

[6]. Clark, R.B, 1997 Marine pollution. 4th

edition oxford clarendon press PP 1-161

[7]. Cars, Jarap, 2003, florards heavy metals contamination British medical bulletin 68 PP-167-182.

[8]. Ellis, M.N ( 1937) : Datection and measurement of stream pollution bull V.S. Bun fish 48 : 356-437.

[9]. Hach 2002, water analysis hand book, 4th edn. , hech company Loveland co.

[10]. Hays, E.R. and Anthony, E.H. (1958): Limnol oceanogr, 3(3) : 292-307

[11]. Moss, Brain (1982): ecology of fresh waters Blackwell scientific publication, Oxford 1-1332

[12]. Sharma, H.D. , 1991 Limnological studies of aquatic ecosystem in Gwalior region with special

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limnology: a case study of pollution on water at ganga

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