lima's barriadas - slums of hope or despair?
TRANSCRIPT
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The Barriadas of Lima, Peru: Slums of Hope or Despair?
Problem or Solution?
Professor Bill ChambersPro Vice-Chancellor
External Relations & Widening Participation
Hampshire GA March 2009
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Lecture Structure
1. Peru
2. Migration
3. Housing in Lima
4. Growth of Lima
5. Progressive Development
6. Employment
7. Government Policies
8. Hope or Despair?
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Source: www.politicalresources.net
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PeruThree Zones
CostaAtacama Desert (driest in the world)
SierraAndes (2nd highest mountains in world)
SelvaAmazon (largest tropical rainforest in world)
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Costa: The Atacama Desert
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Sierra: The Andes
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Selva: The Amazon Basin
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2. Migration
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Peru: Population by Region
Region Area % 1876 2001
Costa 11 24 53
Sierra 26 75 36
Selva 63 1 11
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Primacy of Lima:‘the head of a giant on the body of a
dwarf’
Characteristic Fact % Peru’s population 25 Size compared with 2nd city 11x % financial transactions 95 % electricity consumption 75 % doctors 66 % factories employing >5 people 70
29
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Reasons for Primacy
• capital city (work, culture, civilisation)
• largest port (Callao)
• traditional home of Vice-Roy in Colonial
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Growth of Lima
• >50% migration
• 50% Andes
• central-southern Andes
• mainly young
• rural poverty
• land tenure
• infant mortality
• guerrillas
• cocaine
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3. Housing in Lima
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Callejon
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Barriadas
• A residential community
• formed by low income families in which the
• houses are constructed in large measure by the residents themselves and
• which are generally but not exclusively formed illegally.
(Collins 1975)
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4. Growth of Lima
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Source:
J. Matos Mar 1977Las Barriadas de Lima 1957
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Source:
J. Matos Mar 1977Las Barriadas de Lima 1967
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Source:
J. Matos Mar 1977Las Barriadas de Lima 1977
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San CristobalCentro cerro
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Rio Rimac floodplain : Carmen de la Legua and San Martin de Porres 1965
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Comas 16-3-1945
Andes foothills
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Comas 1965
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Southern Atacama desert: Tupac Amaru
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6. The Invasion
• After several years residence
• Pay to join invasion committee
• Planned by architects
• On Holy Days, National Holidays, Public Holidays, weekends, government crisis
• Appeal to patriotism or religiosity of nation or landlords
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7. Progressive Development
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Progressive Development
• The gradual development over time of housing, community, utilities and employment.
• Depends on finance, health, motivation, priorities and government policy
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Progressive Development of Homes
• chosa (matting hut)
• peripheral wall
• internal walls
• concrete roof
• second floor
• more
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chosas
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Chosa, peripheral wall from casa noble
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Wood
Water cylinder
cement bag
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Roofing: tiles, iron, electricity tubes
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Roofing concreting
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Finished casa noble: windows, doors, concrete roof
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Casa noble Carmen de la Legua 1965
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Carmen de la Legua 1965
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Carmen de la Legua 1982
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Carmen de la Legua 2003
By 1974 its transformation into an urban barrio was almost complete – paved roads, uniform lotes, water and electrical services, urban style houses constructed with permanent materials, and a central plaza around which stood municipal buildings, a movie theatre, and a church all were
established.’ (Lobo 1982 p 42)
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Moving from Carmen de la Legua to Comas
Carmen de la Legua 1965 view of my house
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Carmen de la Legua 1982 view of my house
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Carmen de la Legua 2003 view of home
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Comas Avenida Tupac Amaru 1965
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Comas Avenida Tupac Amaru 1982
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Comas Avenida Tupac Amaru 2003
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Maria: Restaurante El Once 1965 and Salon de Belleza 1983 Comas
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6. Employment
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Ambulante selling tobacco, chewing gum, sweets
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Open air office
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domestica
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Mobile furniture store
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7. Government Policies
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Government Policies
• Do nothing • Eradicate • Contain• Site and Service, Improve & Incorporate
• Unease• Minimum modern standard• Too little, too expensive, too late
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Barriadas
Hope or Despair?
Problem or Solution?
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References
• http://www.comasweb.com• Chambers, B. 2005 The barriadas of Lima: Slums of Hope or
Despair? Problems or Solutions? Geography 90, 2002-224• Dietz, H. 1998 Urban Poverty, Political Participation and the
State: Lima 1970-1990. University of Pittsburgh Press• Gilbert, A. 1994 The Latin American City. Latin America
Bureau. • Lloyd, P. 1980 The ‘Young Towns’ of Lima. Cambridge
University Press.• Lobo, S. 1982 A House of My Own. University of Arizona
Press.• Morrish, M. 1984 Squatter Settlement in the Third World.
Geography 16-19. Longman.