Forum Sustainable energy sources for rural electrification in off-grid

communities in South America: Challenges and Prospects 24 - 26 January 2016, Lima, Peru.

Session 3: Renewable energies: the view of Academia and Private Sector

Healthy and sustainable lighting for the poor people

The case of Peru

Manfred Horn Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru

mhorn@uni.edu.pe

IANAS Energy Program: Guide toward a Sustainable Energy Future for the Americas: Academies of Science proposing a new path; Chapter 4 (*): Energy for unserved population. Meeting the Basic Energy Needs of the Poorest People in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) 4.1. Energy and poverty 4.2. Energy for cooking 4.3 Energy for lighting 4.4. Energy for heating

(*) authors: Monica Gómez, Rafael Espinoza, Manfred Horn National Engineering University, Lima, Peru

Electricity consumption per capita for some LAC countries, in relation to the GDP per capita (data from WB and CEPAL) Mean relation : 6.7 US$/ kWh

4.1. Energy and poverty

Access to electricity in 2012 and poverty in 1999-2002 ( ) and 2011-2013 ( ) , in rural areas (data from WB and CEPAL)

4.3 Energy for lighting

For modern, healthy and sustainable lighting one needs electricity

Without electricity, people in rural areas have to use candles and oil lamps for lighting, that produce poor, expensive and unhealthy light (photo: EndeV /GIZ).

Coefficient of rural electrification in Peru 1993 – 2012 Ministry of Energy and Mines: “PNER: National Plan of Rural Electrification 2013 – 2022”

Projection of coefficient of rural electrification in Peru 2013 – 2022 Ministry of Energy and Mines: “PNER: National Plan of Rural Electrification 2013 – 2022”

International bid for

500 000 Solar Home Systems

In order to get the planned electrification

and considering that the grid connection

of a rural household costs (year 2013), on

the average, already more than US$ 2000,

the Peruvian Government started in

2014 an international bid to install

and operate up to 500 000 Solar

Home Systems (85 Wp).

The contract was signed May 2015 with Ergon Peru SAC (Tozzi

Holding, Italy), specifying that till August 2015 at least 2000 SHS had

to be installed and at least 149 000 SHS till August 2016.

Cost: ~ US$ 28 million / year

Question:

How many SHS are installed till now (January 2016) and

how many will be installed till August 2016?

Answer: ?? (Perhaps 2000 SHS till August 2016 ?)

Opinion of the “academia “ in relation to the

project of 500 000 SHS

• No technology transfer to national institutions

(universities) or training programs of the users is

considered.

• The national experience of more than 35 years with

photovoltaic technology is ignored.

• No integral development vision is involved.

• Rigidly only one kind of SHS is considered, not

permitting different sizes of SHS or mini grids,

according to local needs and possibilities.

• The experience (ours and of other countries) has

shown that the indicated concerns are essential for

any sustainable project.

With the support of GIZ, CER-UNI tested in 2011 eleven different LED lamps in the laboratory. GIZ made then a 8 month field test with the best lamps, followed by a laboratory evaluation of the used lamps. The main conclusions of these studies are indicated in the following slide *. * The complete report is published in the proceedings of the 3rd Symposium

“Small PV-Applications”, Ulm, Germany, June17 -18, 2013

Light for the poorest, with Pico PV

Rural grid connected households consume in Peru, on the average, 12 kWh/month, mainly for lighting, using incandescent light bulbs. The same luminous energy can be obtained with a modern Pico PV system (2 W LEDs, 5 Wp PV)

Advantages of Pico PV

The access to modern energy for

illumination and communication can

produce important local impacts on a

social, economic and ambient level,

without pretending the substitution of

future electrification programs offering

more possibilities.

Pico PV Systems are a technology

capable to solve basic needs of

illumination and communication at a

low cost (about US$ 30 -135) and a fast

impact in families in rural areas, far

away from electricity grids, improving

(photos: EndeV /GIZ).

Conclusions

There are still more then 2 millions of Peruvians, living in rural

areas, without electricity, specially needed for lighting . There exist

a variety of technologies to satisfy these energy needs with costs

lower than the costs of candles used till now. But to implement

these technologies in a massive and sustainable way, one needs:

• To disseminate the knowledge of these technologies with

educational programs that permit that the future users know

their advantages and participate in the following appropriation.

• To establish a technical and commercial network to supply

spare parts and services to introduce and maintain these

technologies.

• To promote the establishment of institutions that certificate and

normalize the technologies.

• To develop a system of micro financing, considering that the

implementation of these technologies represents mainly an

initial cost.