lignite and biomass co-firing tee 11.05.09
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8/14/2019 Lignite and Biomass Co-firing TEE 11.05.09
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P. Grammelis, E. Karampinis, M. Agraniotis, Em. Kakaras
+30 210 6501 593, Fax : +30 210 6501 598E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]
Cent re for Researc h and Tec hnology Hel las
Ins t i t u t e for So l id Fue ls Technology and Appl ic a t ions
(CERTH / ISFTA)
Ligni t e and b iom ass c o-f i r ing:
The c ase s tudy of K ard ia pow er p lant
11 t h May 2009, Pt o lem aida, GR
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Overview
Co-firing benefits
Relevant Experience in ISFTA
Regional Pole for Innovation in West Macedonia:Co-firing tests at the Kardia power plant
DEBCO project: Large-scale Co-firing Demo Related activities
Acknowledgements
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Co-firing Benefits
Economic Reduced costs for the purchase of CO2 credits
Increased lifetime of lignite reserves
Allows the indigenous lignite to remain competitive in spite of increased CO2 costs
Investment of low capital cost
Enviromental
Valorization of the energy content of renewable fuels with zero CO2 balance
Preservation of natural resources – reduced utilization of non-renewables, fossil fuels
Social Enhanced environmental and social profile of PPC
Strengthening the agricultural sector in West Macedonia, new employment opportunities
in the emerging bio-energy sector
Valorization of residues and utilization of margin lands for cultivation of energy crops
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Relevant Projects by ISFTA
Project Title Programme Total Budget (ΕUR)
Low emissions co-combustion of waste wood and lignite
derived products
EC DGXVII / Thermie A (SF-0264-97)612.200
Demonstration of BGL-gasification under optimized
conditions for the European and Asian markets
EC DGXVII / Thermie A (SF-8-98)372.100
Multi Fuel Operated Integrated Clean Energy Process:
Thermal Desorption Recycle-Reduce-Reuse Technology
(TDT-3R)
EC DG TR-EN/ 5th FP - Energy & Environment
(NNE5/363/2001)485.000
Energy Wood Production Chains in Europe (ECHAINE)EC DG TR-EN/ 5th FP (ENK5-CT2002-00623)
318.890
Advanced Biomass Gasification for High-Efficiency
Power (BiGPower)
ΕC DG Research (STREP-019761)225.960
Pre-normative research on solid biofuels for improved
European standards (BIONORM ΙΙ)
EC DG Research / FP6 (SES6 / 038644 )108.438
DEBCO – Demonstration of Large Scale Biomass Co-
firing and Supply Chain Integration
EC DG TREN / FP7 (TREN/FP7EN/218968)498.000
Adaptation of renewable energy solutions for the olive oil
industry (RESOLIVE)
Research for SME / FP7 (FP7-SME-2007-2/218453) 327.630
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Action A3 “Co-Combustion of Secondary Fuels (Biomass) with Lignite in a Power Plant”
(participants: PPC S.A. and CERTH/ISFTA) of the “Regional Pole for Innovation in West
Macedonia” was the first demonstrative initiative for biomass co-firing in West Macedonia:
Lab-scale investigation on biomass / lignite co-combustion
Initial investigation of biomass offer
CFD modelling of the co-firing operation for Kardia Power Plant
Evaluation of environmental and economic impact of co-firing
Co-firing tests with olive kernel at Kardia I PP
Specifications for retrofitting the Kardia PP with more than 10% thermal share of
biomass co-firing
Springboard for more research and demonstrative initiatives on co-firing
Regional Pole for Innovation in
West Macedonia (1/9)
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Sample
Proximate Analysis
(% by mass, are received)
Ultimate Analysis
(% by mass, dry) HHV
(MJ/Kg)Moisture Volatile
Fixed
Carbon
Ash C H N Ο S
Olive Kernel A 7,53 67,17 22,91 2,39 51,19 6,06 0,76 39,32 0,09 18,9
Olive Kernel B 7,12 68,38 22,52 1,98 52,44 6,17 1,32 37,85 0,09 19,9
Olive Kernel C 13,5 61,1 16,8 8,7 46,86 5,43 3,23 33,9 0,58 18,1
Cotton Residue 9,99 65,53 18,53 5,95 47,03 5,96 1,79 38,42 0,19 16,9
Forest Residue 7,32 73,96 18,54 0,19 53,16 6,25 0,30 40,0 0,09 19,5
Waste Wood 28,28 52,90 16,46 2,36 45,68 6,07 4,51 40,32 0,13 12,6
Paper Sludge 53,67 22,09 0,58 23,66 23,02 2,78 1,70 21,33 0,10 3,3
Straw 8,0 71,7 15,0 5,3 41,37 6,03 0,47 45,23 0,19 16,5
Wood Pellets 6,98 71,00 20,01 2,01 49,60 6,58 4,19 37,35 0,12 17,8
Cardoon A 8.2 70.0 14.6 7.2 40.6 5.5 0.9 45.0 0.1 13.7
Cardoon B 7.9 71.8 13.4 6.9 43.7 6.0 1.8 40.9 0.05 16.3
Chemical analysis and HHV of Greek biomass fuels
Regional Pole for Innovation in
West Macedonia (2/9)
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Boiler Simulation with FLUENT CFD
code for 2% and 10% thermal input
Minor changes to temperature and
oxygen profile
Differentiation of particle burnout
depending on injection point
Decreased burnout of biomass
compared to lignite due to particle
size – potential problems with
increased biomass shares
CFD Simulation of Kardia Power Plant
Regional Pole for Innovation in
West Macedonia (3/9)
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Regional Pole for Innovation in
West Macedonia (5/9)
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Regional Pole for Innovation in
West Macedonia (6/9)
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Regional Pole for Innovation in
West Macedonia (7/9)
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Current Co-firing techniques in coal-fired power plants
1. Pre-blending of biomass / coal mixture, common milling and feeding
2. Separate milling of substitution fuel, introduction to the main fuel feeding system, usage of existing burners
3. Separate milling of the secondary fuel, installation of new biomass burners
4. Biomass gasification and combustion of the syngas in the boiler
Note: Each of the above alternatives has its own, unique operational requirements and special demands for fuel quality and characteristics
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The required technical modifications for the co-firing in
lignite-fired PPs are generally limited and focus on the
following issues:
Construction of a shaded space for biomass unloading
Construction of a storage silo and a pneumatic feeding
system
Biomass feeding in the boiler can be achieved in one of thefollowing ways:
Feeding through the existing lignite feeding system
Pneumatic feeding and injection of the secondary fuel
in the main lignite pipework before the mills or the burners
Pneumatic feeding and injection of the secondary fuel
through new burners
Schematic of biomass unloaded area. Source: VGB Magazine,
Co-combustion – The power producer’s point of view, R. Hassa,
H. Breuer Vattenfall
Silo
Moving Floor
Ventilation
SystemConveyor Belt
Lignite transport
belts
Stack
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West Macedonia (9/9)
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Current Activities: DEBCO (1/5)
Title Demonstration of Large Scale Biomass Co-firing and Supply Chain
Integration ( DEBCO )
Goal Demonstration of biomass and lignite co-firing in large scale power plants
and determination of the specifications for long-term, maximum sharebiomass utilization in the fuel mix
Partners PPC S.A. / Kardia Power Station & CERTH/ISFTA + 15 European partners
(utilities, research institutes, manufacturers, etc)
Targets Development of a reliable and efficient biomass supply chain
Monitoring of technical and environmental aspects of long-term operation
Identification of technical bottlenecks to the implementation of co-firing
Implementation of retrofitting activities
Determination of specifications for continuous operation and
transferability of results for similar projects in other power stations
Budget ~7,1 Mi € - Greek budget ~1,1 Mi€, 50% EU-funded through 7th FP
Duration 48 Months (12/2011)
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Current Activities: DEBCO (2/5)
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Technical performance Indicators
Economic performance Indicators
Environmental performance Indicators
Availability of 117,500tn of agricultural residues on annual basis in the Kozani area
Total land for agriculture is 98.600 ha. For the cultivation of energy crops, ~4.5% of available land is required for one
unit.
Potential substitution of lignite with biomass share equals to 5% thermal input enhancing this up to 10% th.i.
Estimated quantities to be co-fired ~90,000tn/yr for at least two biomass species (seasonality)
Conservation of lignite resources is amounted to approx. ~250,000tn/yr per unit
CO2 emissions avoidance is estimated to be approx. ~170,000tn/year, while SOx and NOx emissions are
expected to be below the legislative limits
No special permissions for the co-firing implementation are required since the Kardia PP has recently received
Approval of Environmental Conditions
The total investment cost for biomass co-firing in one 300MWe Unit rises up to 12 Mi€
The income from the conservation of lignite equals to 2.5 Mi€ per unit on annual basis
An additional income from the CO2 credits is estimated to be 2Mi€/year (price of 12€/tnCO2)
Current Activities: DEBCO (3/5)
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Lignite Substitution: 5% thermal share
Lignite cost 14,87 €/tn
CO2 cost: 12€/tn
Biomass yield 20tn/ha
Current Status Co-firing
UnitCapacity
(MWe)
Total
efficiency. (%)
Lignite consumption
(106 ton,/year)
CO2
Emissions(106 ton,/year)
CO2
Avoidance
(106
ton,/έτος)
Biomass
consumptio
n(103ton,/ye
ar)
Savings from
CO2 (Mi€/έτος)
Biomass
price (€/tn)Land (ha)
Kardia I 300 31,7 4,8 3,2 0,16 85,3 1,92 64,34 4.265
Kardia II 300 31,2 4,9 3,3 0,17 87,1 1,98 64,57 4.354
Kardia III 300 32,7 5,1 3,4 0,17 90,6 2,04 64,34 4.532
Kardia IV 300 31,5 5,3 3,5 0,18 94,2 2,10 64,13 4.710
Ag. Dimitrios I 300 33,4 4,7 3,1 0,16 81,0 1,86 66,10 4.050
Ag. Dimitrios II 300 33,7 4,7 3,1 0,16 81,0 1,86 66,10 4.050
Ag. Dimitrios III 310 31,9 5,1 3,4 0,17 87,9 2,04 66,35 4.395
Ag. Dimitrios IV 310 32,4 5,0 3,3 0,17 86,2 1,98 66,12 4.309
Ag. Dimitrios V 375 33,9 5,8 3,9 0,20 100,0 2,34 66,55 4.998
Ptolemaida III 125 30,3 1,8 1,2 0,06 36,7 0,72 56,09 1.835
Ptolemaida IV 300 30,4 4,4 2,9 0,15 89,7 1,74 55,86 4.486
Amyntaio I 300 31,9 4,4 2,9 0,15 85,2 1,74 58,85 4.258
Amyntaio II 300 32,8 4,3 2,8 0,14 83,2 1,68 58,61 4.161
Meliti 330 42,45 2,8 1,9 0,10 70,4 1,14 45,73 3.523
Total 4.150 63,1 41,9 2,10 1.158,5 25,14 57.924
Current Activities: DEBCO (4/5)
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The main goal for this period is to establish the biomass supply chain for the
co-firing trials in 2009 and 2010 – Kozani Prefecture to subsidize 400ha for the
cultivation of the energy crop Cynara Cardunculus (Cardoon)
Pilot-scale tests with Greek lignite and cardoon at a 0.5MWth unit in Germany
(University of Stuttgart) – Autumn 2009
Characterization of biomass fuel and ash samples according to CEN 335
Additional CFD simulations of the boiler operation
One-month co-firing trials (5% of thermal input) with extensive monitoring in
one of Kardia’s units - Autumn of 2010
Current Activities: DEBCO (5/5)
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Related Initiatives
Standardization of Solid Biofuels according
to CEN 335 and 343
Participation in the BIOCLUS FP7: Regions
programme
Participation in the Biomass Panel of theEuropean Technical Platform for Renewable
Heating / Cooling
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Total budget: 2.85mi€ /
530k€ for Greek
participation
Greek Cluster:
CERTH/ISFTA
Prefecture of WestMacedonia
UoWM
Ziogas S.A.
Related Initiatives: BIOCLUS
Regional research driven cluster in Western Macedonia
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PA2, Regional Authority, Public Body
Region of Western Macedonia (RWM)
Plans and implements the regional level of Structural Funds (RegionalOperational Program), including R&D and industrial policy
PA3, Business Entity, SME
ZIOGAS S.A. (ZIOGAS)Wood production,
EU Projects, participated inKnowledge Clusters
Innovative Actions Programme
PA4, Research Entity
University of Western
Macedonia (UoWM)
Dpt. of Managementof Energy Resources
Research and Educational activities
on Energy production,
including biomass resources
Strategic cooperation
Regional SMEsrelated to biomass resources:
Biomass suppliers, such asforesters, farmers, furniture, etc.
Strategic cooperation
Association of Western
Macedonia Industries
Industries operatingin the field of Biomass
Strategic cooperation
Regional Development
Agency of Western
MacedoniaImplementation of
Regional development projects
Strategic cooperation
Public Power Corporation
(PPC S.A.)Production of Energy
Regional research driven cluster in Western Macedonia
Strategic Cooperation
Technical Educational
Institute of Western
Macedonia (TEI WM)Dep. Of Plant production /
Florina Branch
Regional key partner / PA 1
Institute for Solid Fuel Technologies
and Applications (ISFTA)Basic & Applied Research on Solid Fuels, ERA-NETs (Hy-CO &FENCO)
& Knowledge Clusters, European & Global Networking
Strategic Cooperation
Regional Innovation Pole
(WM RIP) Focusing on Energy
Funded by national Innovation Poles programme
Participants energy providers and Energy-
related research, business and public authorities
Strategic Cooperation
Regional Wood Cluster Funded by “K-Clusters” programme
Participants Wood Industries
and R&D dpts
Strategic cooperation, Public Body
Region of Western Macedonia /
General Direction of ForestsManages the regional Forests
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Structure of Biomass Panel of ETP-RHC
Related Initiatives: ETP-RHC
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Acknowledgements
The financial grant of the European
Commission through the DEBCO project
(TREN/FP7EN/218968) is gratefully
acknowledged.