lightning catalogue

Advanced Early Streamer Emission (ESE) Lightning Conductor

Since - 1997

LA

P-D

X-2

50

LA

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X-2

10

LA

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X-1

75

LA

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X-1

25

LA

P-C

X-0

70

LA

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X-0

40

LA

P-P

EX

-220

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INTRODUCTION Sabo Systems Pvt. Ltd, formed in 1997, with an aim of providing safe & quality engineered products to customers. We have expertise in Lightning Protection, Surge Protection, Maintenance Free Earthing, equipotential bonding & Exothermic welding materials. We manufacture & provide the same, considering latest technological advancements & standards. We always put at your disposal latest technology, innovate everyday & provide customized solutions also.

MISSION & VISION

Our mission is to provide optimum, safe & most advanced solutions to our customers. We aim to become a referral in the field of Lightning Protection, Surge Protection, Earthing & Bonding systems.

R & D

Our technical experts, engineers & researchers develops latest technology products for providing safe, efficient & cost effective solutions.

STANDARDS & CERTIFICATIONS

NFC 17-102 / UNE 21186 SIGMA / METU / NABL Lab ISO 9001 : 2008 IEC 61643-11 CE UL 467 IEEE 837 IEEE 80 IS 3043 IS 2309 CPRI

SERVICES

Site Surveys Risk Analysis Technical Assistance Installation Verification Maintenance Solutions Training

ISO

CERTIFIED9001:2008

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Catalogue - Lightning Protection System

LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Lightning is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena to see & most disastrous one to experience. Lightning discharge may carry current up to hundreds of kiloamperes (KA). It may cause damage to human life, structure, electrical as well as electronic equipments. It may also cause fire & disrupt working operations of any industry. It’s been an electronic era and our dependence on electronics has been increased. One lightning strike can destroy partially / completely all equipments installed in any establishment. Hence, protection from such natural disasters from lightning strike is essential.

Lightning Protection System has four basic objectives:

1. To capture lightning strike.2. Safely routing the lightning discharge current to ground.3. Provide efficient earthing / grounding path for dissipation of lightning current.4. Remove secondary effects of lightning like over voltages / surges.

LIGHTNING FORMATION

In normal conditions, atmospheric charges are balanced, but cloud formation creates charge polarization. In such case, normally lower part of cloud gets negatively charged, inducing the positive charge at the ground or other elements on ground. Electric field at the atmosphere can reach in kilovolts(KV). Positive charges are more evident at pointed and metallic objects or well earthed objects & trees. When electric field becomes high then cloud starts discharging towards ground, which results in downward leader. Similarly, metallic parts / structure where positive charges are present, starts moving upwards forming an upward leader. These upward and downward leader when meet may result in lightning discharge to ground. Such high charged metallic part may struck by lightning. This discharge moves down to earth through most direct path. Hence, if this path is not controlled then disasters may happen. However, lightning discharges can be both positive and negative.

EFFECTS OF LIGHTNING

Thermal Effect – Excessive energy in lightning discharge may cause fire. Electrodynamic Effect – Damage to structure. Electrical Effect – Equipment may damage. Due to increase in ground potential, surge currents may

damage equipments connected to electrical network. Inductive Effects – Due to electromagnetic field, currents may couple to all conductors & may damage

equipments connected to it. Effects on living beings – Electrocution, burns or even loss of life & may lead to cardiac arrest also.

Damage due to lightning may be high in terms of loss of life, fire, equipments failure, loss of time, & production. Hence, protection from direct lightning strike is must.

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Standard for ESE Lightning Protection SystemOur Lightning Protection System is designed as per NFC 17-102, UNE 21186 & other national standards.

Above standards consider Lightning Protection System in following cases:

Important monuments / archaeological buildings. Structures occupied by large number of people. Equipments / machines used for production / working system / hospitals etc. High rise buildings. Isolated structures. Areas with high lightning density. Buildings containing flammable material / explosives. Buildings / structures which comes under risk index as per standards.

Procedure for risk analysis is also described in above standard & should be followed in selecting & design of Lightning Protection system. Risk assessment determines the need of lightning protection system & degree of security / level of protection required.

Level of protection / risk analysis: NFC 17-102 standards have mentioned 4 levels of protection based on risk of lightning strike on a particular structure as Level I, Level II, Level III & Level IV

Accessing the risk of Lightning Protection System is based on lot of factors, however, it is recommended

to opt Level I protection level.

SABO LIVA ADVANCED ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTORWe have developed new Advanced Active Lightning conductor based on Early Streamer Emission (ESE) technology. The main feature of our ESE air terminal is generation of an upward leader before any other object within its protection area at correct time. So, when downward leader approaches the ground / structure, upward leader intercepts the same and route the same to earth. This early discharge of upward leader is called advance time / advance triggering time or ∆t. This is average gain in upward leader triggering time compared to a conventional lightning rod. Advance triggering time determines the protection radius of each terminal. If ∆t is more, then the distance at which downward leader is intercepted increases thus avoiding strike in wider area.Results of the same have been obtained in HV Laboratory of METU & CNAS (ILAC-MRA) as per test procedures of NFC17-102 standards.

Level of ProtectionLevel I + Additional measuresLevel ILevel IILevel IIILevel IV

Efficiency> 0.98> 0.95 & ≤ 0.98> 0.90 & ≤ 0.95> 0.80 & ≤ 0.90≤ 0.80

Level I

Level II

Level III

Level IV

PROTECTION LEVEL

Higher probability of lightning strike

Larg

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Protected area with level IProtected area with level IIProtected area with level IIIProtected area with level IV


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SABO LIVA ESE Lightning conductor are also tested in accordance with NFC 17-102 for short circuit test of 100KA from SIGMA HV Lab, temperature test of -40°Cto +120°C for its suitability for all environmental & climatic conditions, CE certified & marked & carries unique serial number. Our lightning conductor also carry 30 years warranty.

NFC 17-102 has given upper limit value of ∆t as 60µs for calculating protection radius of lightning conductor, but those found higher in testing are better and provides high safety factor.Below are details of advance triggering time of various models tested in Laboratory:

Protection RadiusProtection radius of ESE air terminal is related to its height (h) relative to the surface to be protected, to its efficiency & selected protected level. Protection radius calculation formula is:Rp=√h(2D-h)+∆L(2D+∆L)

Where, Rp (m)=Protection radius at given HeightH(m)= Height of ESE at tip over the horizontal plane through the furthest point of object to be protected.D(m) =20 m for Level I 30 m for Level II 45 m for Level III 60 m for Level IV∆L=Distance to catch lightning in ∆t period =∆t∆t = Advance triggering time in micro seconds.

Example for calculating protection radius as per above formula.

Value of ∆t for LAP BX 175 obtained is 60µs, ∆L=60m

Assuming Level I protection, D=20m, Height (h) = 5mRp=√h(2D-h)+∆L(2D+∆L)

=√5(2x20-5)+60(2x20+60= 79 m

NFC 17-102-2011 has limited higher value of ∆t as 60µs. Hence, conductors with higher ∆t values should be considered as 60μs & accordingly their protection radius will be limited.

Model NoLAP CX 040LAP CX 070LAP BX 125LAP BX 175LAP AX 210LAP DX 250LAP PEX 220

∆t (µs)223140608296

136

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40

Model No.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LAP-CX 040

Size & Weight PackageSize

Δt Early StreamerWarning Time Protection Radius(M)

Length: 70cmNet weight: 2.30kgGross weight: 2.90kg

13x13x70cm 22 μsec

Level1

Level2

Level3

Level4

39 46 54 61

(According to NFC 17-102-2011standard) (According to NFC 17-102-2011 standard)

(At 5m height)

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+

+ ++

++

+++ D

h

Rp


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LA

P-C

X 0

70

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LAP-CX 070


13x13x70cm 31 μsec

Level1

Level2

Level3

Level4

49 56 65 72

LA

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X 1

25

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LAP-BX 125


17x17x80cm 40 μsec

Level1

Level2

Level3

Level4

58 65 75 84

LA

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X 1

75

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LAP-BX 175


17x17x100cm 60 μsec

Level1

Level2

Level3

Level4

79 88 99 107

Model No.




(At 5m height)

Model No.




(At 5m height)

Model No.




(At 5m height)


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ModelNo.

Size PackageSize

Δt Early StreamerWarning Time

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220

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LAP-PEX 220

Length: 150cmNet weight: 15kgGross weight: 16.5kg


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10

ModelNo.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LAP-AX 210

Size PackageSize




ModelNo.

Size PackageSize


LA

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X 2

50

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LAP-DX 250


25x25x50cm 96 μsec

PIEZOELECTRIC ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR

rd New advanced active 3 generation Piezoelectric + ESE lightning conductor which has additional six piezoelectric crystals along with ion generators that generates more charges in controlled time & emits with greater speed to a higher altitude, that intercepts downward lightning leader at such high levels, providing larger protection coverage radius.


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Selection & Positioning of ESE Air Terminal

Selection of ESE air terminal should be made considering protection radius desired & risk of lightning strike i.e., level of protection.

Positioning of ESE air terminal should be done considering: Minimum 2m above the highest point of structure including aerials, air conditioning towers, tanks,

dome, parapet, etc. Architectural view For protecting open areas like sports field, golf courses, swimming pools, campsites, etc. ESE

should be installed over specific places such as lighting masts, poles or any other nearby structure that allows it to cover the whole area.

For buildings higher then 60m or any other point more than 120m, protection against lateral lightning strike should be considered. For such buildings, top 20% height of the structure should be protected by installing ESE air terminal at each wall. ESE on each such wall should be considered having radius of protection ≥20% height of the building. Also, minimum 4 down conductors interconnected by a ring conductor along the perimeter should be used & earthed for such high rise buildings.

Protection of buildings requiring level of protectionI + additional measures

For higher degree of protection more than Level I, apart from using ESE air terminal based on Level I, all metal parts & reinforced bars of buildings used as down conductors should be connected to ESE / down conductor at roof level & ground level. Also, ring conductors may be used at roof level & ground level.For buildings, where lightning strike occurs more often, protection radius of ESE air terminal shall be considered as 40% lesser than tested considering additional safety factor.

LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM ALONG WITH EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING


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1. One or more ESE Air Terminal2. Connection component3. One or more specific down-conductors4. A test joint for each down conductor5. One earth termination for each specific down conductor6. Foundation earth electrode ( earthing of the structure )7. Electric power cable8. Main electric power distribution box with Surge Protection Device (SPD)9. Main telecom distribution box with SPD10. Telecom cable with SPD11. One or more equipotential bonding bars12. One or more equipotential bondings between earth terminations13. Disconnectable bonding device14. One or more equipotential bondings ( direct or through an Isolating Spark Gap )15. Main earthing bar16. Electric equipment17. Metallic pipe18. One or more equipotential bondings through a spark gap for aerial mast

Down Conductor

Function of down conductor is to conduct lightning current from the air terminal to the earth termination system. They should preferably be placed at the external part of the structure. For a non isolated ESE system, at least two down conductors should be used. For better current distribution the two paths to ground should be situated on two different facades, unless unavoidable. For an isolated ESE system, one down conductor is sufficient.

In case of pylons, mast, chimneys & other metallic structures:

If structure fulfils the requirement for natural components*, then may be used as first down conductor. If structure is isolated it may be used as only down conductor. If structure is non isolated, it can be used as one down conductor only if it’s section is 100 sq mm or

more.

*Natural components are external steel structure having minimum 2 mm thickness if it is pipe, resistance of <0.1Ω, not coated with insulating material with more than 0.1mm coating and cross sectional area of 100 sq.mm. Down conductor should be of minimum 50 sq. mm. copper. It is preferred to use copper strip instead of copper wire of 8mm dia, as copper strip surface area is higher. 25x2mm or 25x3mm copper strip / tinned copper strip as down conductor.

Routing of down conductor

Down conductor should be routed through straight & shortest path. Sharp bends or upward sections are avoided. Bend radii should be 20 cm or more. Bends formed edge wise should be used. They should not be routed along or through electrical duct or conduits. Routing down conductor through parapet wall or cornices or obstacles should be avoided.


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Kindly check below figure for down conductor bend shapes.

l = length of loopd=width of loopNote: d > l/20 for avoiding risk of any dielectric breakdown.

Test Joint

Each down conductor should be provided with test joint to disconnect the earth termination system for measurements. These test joints are usually installed at the bottom of down conductors. When down conductors are installed on metal walls or when specific down conductor is not provided, test joints are inserted between the earthing system & metallic part of the structure. If test joints are installed below the ground level, inspection pit cover should be provided.

Lightning Event Counter

It is used to get counts of number of times lightning gets discharged to earth through ESE system installed. It should be installed at most direct down conductor at eye level above the ground. It should be water proof and weather proof (IP65 / IP67), non resettable and of 6 digits.

We have developed Lightning Counter with Email / SMS Facility also. Testable version of lightning counter is also available.

Specifications:

Counting Range: 0 to 999999 Discharge capacity: Above 1 KA Degree of protection: IP65

0 0 Working temperature: -30 C to + 80 C Should be installed preferably at approx. 1.5meter / eye level from the ground.

Model No. LSC-LX 01 LSC-LX 01-E with Email facility LSC-LX 01-S with SMS facility

Specifications:

Counting Range: 0 to 999999 Discharge capacity: Above 0.35 KA Degree of protection: IP67

0 0 Working temperature: -20 C to + 60 C Should be installed preferably at approx. 1.5meter / eye level from the ground.

Model No.: LEC-D


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LIGHNING CONDUCTOR TESTEROur all lightning conductors & testable lightning counter are testable through an external digital tester Model LLCT-D1

EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING

During the discharge of lightning current from lightning air terminal to earth, dangerous spark may occur between Lightning protection system & following components:

• Metal installations• Internal systems• External conductive parts & lines connected to the structure

These sparks may be avoided by bonding / interconnecting lightning protection system with structural metallic parts, metal installations, internal systems, external conductive parts & lines connected to structures. When lightning equipotential bonding is established to internal systems, part of lightning current may flow into such systems which should be protected through surge protection devices. Hence, surge protection device should also be bonded lightning protection earthing.

Lightning equipotential bonding for an isolated ESE system shall be established at ground level only.

For non isolated ESE lightning protection system, Lightning equipotential bonding can be done at following places:

• Ground Level / Basement – Bonding conductors should be connected to a bonding bus bar, which should be connected to earth termination system. Such bus bar should be installed at intervals of approx 20 mtr along the length of building for keeping bonding conductors as short as possible.

• In cases where insulation requirements are not fulfilled, all metallic conductors / water pipe electrical equipments / data or power cable should be kept at a distance of 2 m or more from down conductor & gas connection should be more then 5 m away from down conductor. For soils with resistivity greater then 500 Ω-m the minimum distance between earthing / down conductor and electrical conduit / metal should be kept as 5m.

16 sq.mm. copper wire should be the minimum cross section area of bonding conductor for connecting external metallic parts & bonding bus bar to earth termination / earthing system & 6 sq.mm. copper wire for internal metallic part / installations to bus bar.

For external conductive parts, lightning equipotential bonding shall be made at the entry point of that part into the structure. Equipotential bonding may also be achieved by Isolating Spark gap surge protection devices.

If internal equipments are screened or located in a metallic conduit, then such metallic conduit should be bonded with equipotential bas bar.If internal equipments are not screened / located inside metal conduits, then they shall be bonded via suitable SPD's. In TN systems, PE & PEN conductors shall be bonded to ESE system directly with a surge protection device

Earth Termination System

Earthing Should be provided at each down conductor. Minimum 2 to 3 electrodes are used for each down conductor. Certain contact surface with soil should be assured in order to dissipiate lightning current in a short time. For lightning protection system, copper bonded earth rod of 3 mtr length & of cross sectional

area ≥ down conductor size (preferably between 12 mm dia to 17.2mm ) is used with minimum copper bonding thickness of 250 microns. Spacing between 2 electrodes should be kept as minimum 3m & joined by copper strip of same size as down conductor.

Earth resistance for lightning protection should be kept <10Ω.



Earth resistance enhancement compounds (non-corrosive & high conductive) SABO-EREC shall also be used along with earth electrodes for getting low earth resistance values per earth pit as well as for better dissipation of lightning discharge and fault currents.

Earth electrodes should be laid horizontally below 0.5m in case of hard soils / places where vertical driving of rods is difficult.

Earth Pit Cover

Features: Factory built holes for accessing strips/wires easily at two side Made of heavy – duty polyethylene for extra durability Resistant materials Long service life Green top cap matches the environment Non breakable for load upto 5000kg

Specifications: At Top: 260 mm At Bottom : 345 mm Height : 275mm

Special measures

An aerial on the roof of a building increases the lightning stroke probability and is the first vulnerable element

likely to receive the lightning discharge. The aerial support mast should be connected directly or through a

Surge Protection Device or an isolated spark gap to the lightning protection system with a suitable conductor,

unless the antenna is outside the protected area or on another roof. The coaxial cable should be protected

with a surge protective device.

A common support mast may be used under the following conditions: the ESE Air Terminal is fixed to the tip of the mast; the ESE Air Terminal tip is at least 2 m above the nearest aerial; the down-conductor is fixed directly onto the air terminal with a clamp; the aerial coaxial cable is routed inside the antenna mast.

In case of a trestle tower, it is preferable to route the coaxial cable inside a metal tube.

Flammable and explosive material storage areas

Tanks containing flammable fluids should be earthed but such earth connection may not provide adequate protection against atmospheric discharges. A thorough additional survey is therefore necessary. ESE Air Terminals should be placed at a safe distance of 5m or more from such areas higher than the installations to be protected. If it is possible down-conductors layout should also be outside such area. When it is not feasible, special care shall be considered to avoid electrical arc.

Earth termination systems should be oriented opposite to the storage areas.

Religious buildings

Steeples, towers, minarets and belfries are prone to being struck by lightning because of their prominence.

The main prominence(s) should be protected with ESE Air Terminals connected to the ground by a direct down- conductor routed along the main tower. When the main prominence (s) is higher than 40 m, it is recommended that the second specific down- conductor should follow the nave ridge. In case the end of the nave is fitted with a non-metallic cross or statue then such objects will be provided with an air terminal.

Both ESE System earth termination systems and the electric earthing should be interconnected by an earth conductor.

Some religious buildings have electric bells. The electrical power supply must be protected against over voltages using surge protective devices according to NF EN 61643-11 and CLC/TS 61643-12.



SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE ( SPD )

It’s been an electronic era and our dependancy on electronic equipments has been increased. These equipments are highly sensitive to surges or spikes. Surge enters to any structure or network system through lightning discharges and switching operations of heavy loads, etc. They may enter through any conductor like power cables, signal and telecom cables, water, gas, fire pipelines, structure reinforcements, etc. either directly or indirectly. Protection of such equipments from such hazardous surges are must or else our equipments may get 0damage. These may be protected by providing following surge protection devices:

SPD connected to LV power supply systems up to 1000 V• Type 1 / Class B SPD – Lightning current arresters • Type 1 and 2 SPD – B+C combined arresters • Type 2 / Class B SPD – Surge arresters• Type 3 / Class D SPD – Overvoltage protection for equipments operating upto 5V/12V/24V...upto 230V AC/DC• Isolating spark-gap

SPD connected to installations of photovoltaic systems upto 1200V• Type 1 and 2 / Class B+C SPD for photovoltaic systems • Type 2 / Class C SPD for photovoltaic systems

SPD connected to data / signal / telecommunication networks• Surge protection for measurement and control, security and• fire alarm systems and telecommunications• Surge protection for Ethernet and video lines• Lightning arresters and surge protection for coaxial lines

IndustryCommercial buildings use very sophisticated systems prone to abnormalities caused by over voltage in the power system and signal lines. Our products minimize shutdown time of production technologies and subsequent financial losses.

• Protection of 230/400 V power system• Protection of power system up to 1000 V• Protection of access security and fire alarm systems• Protection of signal and communication lines

BuildingsBoth residential and commercial buildings feature a great number of sensitive technologies and appliances. Our products considerably increase their reliability and, consequently, greatly improve the user comfort of such buildings.

• Protection of 230/400 V power system• Protection of aerial systems• Protection of access, security and fire alarm systems, CCTV, telecommunications lines, data network, etc.• Protection of technological facilities in buildings (heating, air conditioning, etc.)

Photovoltaic (PV) systemsPV systems must withstand weather conditions as they are located in highly exposed places. Our products ensure the best possible protection against temporary over voltage to provide trouble-free operation throughout their working life. Protection of PV power plants/PV technologies for residential houses and for factories/Off grid PV technology.

• Protection of DC and AC side• Protection of signal lines

Antennas and transmittersLocated in rather exposed places, receiving and transmitting systems must withstand harsh atmospheric conditions during their working life. Our products ensure the best possible protection of technologies against lightning strikes and induced overvoltage and thus they significantly increase operational reliability of technologies on transmission routes.

• Protection of 230/400 V power system• Protection of aerial down conductors• Protection of communication lines

Data centresIn the era of information technologies, data centres and server rooms have become an inevitable part of life and collected data are of vital importance. Inaccessibility or complete losses of data can have catastrophic consequences in both industrial areas and everyday life. Our products can protect them and prevent technical problems and financial losses.

• Protection of 230/400 V power system• Protection of signal and communication lines

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Oil and gas pipelinesVery large systems which are exposed to undesirable effects of lightning strikes, induction from parallel lines of MV, HV or stray current near railways. These events negatively affect the technologies which are necessary for their trouble-free operation. Our products ensure the best possible protection of such technologies and significantly increase their reliability.

• Protection of 230/400 V power system and system, up to 1000 V• Protection of access security and fire alarm systems, signal and communication lines



LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR INSTALLATION DIAGRAM

600 x 600mmconcrete

1/4Protection pipe(1”-1 ”)

Lightning Counter

Staywire

Copper strip / wire connectedthrough lug to lightning conductor

2 50mm Copper conductor

Earth pit tripod type consisting ofcopper bonded rod 17.2mm dia 3m long 250µ, backfill compound & pit cover

5m GI pipe shaft

Clamp

Nylon / SS tie

GI coupler

ESE Lightning rod

Hook fastener

Hook

> 350 mm (5mm thick)

> 110 mm

>100

mm

>50mm

> 12mm

2m

Staywire

Test Joint

50 sq.mm conductor

6m

6m

Pit Cover

Hook



Sources of damage, types of damage and types of loss

according to the point of strike

• S1: Lightning hitting to a structure; S2: Lightning hitting near a structure; S3: Lightning hitting to overhead low voltage line; S4: Lightning hitting near to overhead low voltage line;

D1: injury to living being; D2: physical damage; D3: failure of electrical and electronic systems;

L1: loss of human life; L2: loss of service to the public; L3: loss of cultural heritage; L4: loss of echonomic value (structure and its content)

Documentation verification and maintenance

The entire lightning protection system layout drawing should be prepared including positioning of ESE, Lightning Counter, down conductor, equipotential bonding arrangements and earthing systems. Periodic verification of above system should be done once in a year preferably before rainy season and deficiencies if found shall be rectified and documented.

Structure

Point of strikeSource ofdamage

Type ofdamage

Type of loss

S1

S2

S3

S4

D1D2D3

D1D2D3

D3

D3

L1, L4 2)L1, L2, L3,

L4L1 1), L2, L4

L1, L4 2)L1, L2, L3,

L4L1 1), L2, L4

L1 1), L2, L4

L1 1), L2, L4

1) Only for structures with risk of explosion, and for hospitals or other structure where failures of internal systems immediately endangers human life.

2) Only for properties where animals may be lost.



SABO SYSTEMS PVT LTD(ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified)

Banarsi Complex, Opp. Umrao Cinema, Nishatganj, Faizabad Road, Lucknow (U.P.) - 226006 (INDIA)

Tele : +91 522 4077769, whatsapp: +91 [email protected], [email protected]

Website - www.saboindia.com, www.saboearth.com

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