Lifestyle Diseases

1. Lifestyle diseases

• Diseases caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors.

2. Controllable Risk Factors

• Factors include habits, behaviors, and practices one can change.– Diet– Body weight– Physical activity– Sun exposure– Smoking– Alcohol consumption

3. Uncontrollable risk factors

• Risk factors that cannot be changed or controlled– Age

– Gender

– Ethnicity

– Heredity

4. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

• Diseases and disorders that result from progressive damage to the heart and blood vessels.

• Leading cause of death in the United States

5. Risk Factors for CVD’s

• Smoking

• Being overweight

• High blood pressure

• High cholesterol

• Diabetes

6. High Blood Pressure (hypertension)

• Increased force exerted against walls of arteries which puts extra strain on the heart.

• “Silent Killer”; people don’t realize they have it until they have a heart attack.

• Hypertension can eventually damage the kidneys and eyes.

7. Atherosclerosis

• Disease characterized by the buildup of fatty materials on the walls of the arteries.

8. Heart attack

• The damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle.

• Caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

9. Stroke

• The damage and loss of function of an area of the brain.

• Caused by loss of blood flow to the brain.– Blood clot– Burst vessel

10. Detection of CVD’s

• Blood pressure

• Electrocardiogram – ECG or EKG

• Ultrasound

• Angiography

11. Treatment of CVD’s

• Diet and exercise

• Medications

• Surgery

• Angioplasty

• Pacemakers

• Transplants

12. Preventing CVD’s

• Lower fat and salt intake

• Keep weight near recommended levels

• Don’t smoke

• Exercise regularly

• Monitor blood pressure

• Relax!

13. Cancer

• A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth.

14. Tumors

• Masses of abnormal cells.

• Malignant Tumor – mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy

tissue.

• Benign Tumor – non-cancerous mass of cells that develops in the body.

15. Causes of Cancer

• Genetics

• Carcinogens – cancer causing agents– Certain viruses – HPV (cervical cancer)– Radioactivity and ultraviolet radiation.– Chemicals found in tobacco smoke.– Asbestos– Toxic chemicals.

16. Detecting Cancer

• Self-exams

• Biopsy

• X-Rays

• MRI

• Blood and DNA tests

17. Warning signs of Cancer

Change in bowel or bladder habits.

A sore that doesn’t heal.

Unusual bleeding or discharge.

Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere.

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.

Obvious change in a wart or mole

Nagging cough or hoarseness.

18. Treating Cancer

• Surgery

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation therapy

Usually, a combination of the above mentioned treatments are used.

19. Preventing Cancer

• Don’t smoke

• Protect your skin

• Eat more vegetables and decrease fat

• Stay active and maintain a healthy weight

• Get regular medical check-ups.

20. Diabetes

• The body’s inability to produce sufficient amounts of insulin resulting in an inability to metabolize glucose.

21. Insulin

• A hormone produced in the pancreas that causes cells to remove glucose from the bloodstream.

22. Diabetic coma

• Loss of consciousness due to a high concentration of blood sugar in the bloodstream.

23. Insulin Shock

• Disorder caused by high concentration of insulin and a low concentration of blood sugar.

24. Types of diabetes

• Type 1 Diabetes– Insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes.– Body doesn’t make insulin

• Type 2 Diabetes– Non-insulin dependent diabetes.– Commonly occurs in people over 40 and people

who are obese.

• Gestational Diabetes– Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.

25. Treating Diabetes

• Type 1: monitoring of blood-sugar levels and insulin injections

• Type 2: diet and exercise. Weight control.

• Gestational: diet and exercise.

26. Preventing Diabetes

• No way to prevent Type 1 Diabetes.

• Reducing risk of Type 2 Diabetes.– Maintain healthy weight.– Avoid tobacco products.– Monitor sugar intake.– Reduce stress in your life.