Life ScienceLife ScienceChapter 11Chapter 11

Plant ClassificationPlant Classification Kingdom Kingdom PlantaePlantae

Phylum: Phylum: BryophytaBryophyta – Mosses, Liverworts & – Mosses, Liverworts & HornwortsHornworts

Phylum: Phylum: TracheophytaTracheophyta – – Primitive Primitive Spore Producing Vascular plantsSpore Producing Vascular plants

Ferns, Horsetails & Club “Mosses” Ferns, Horsetails & Club “Mosses” Advanced Advanced Seed Producing Vascular PlantsSeed Producing Vascular Plants

Class: Class: GymnospermaeGymnospermae Class: Class: AngiospermaeAngiospermae

Subclass: Subclass: MonocotyledoneaeMonocotyledoneae Subclass: Subclass: DicotyledoneaeDicotyledoneae

Advanced Seed Advanced Seed ProducingProducing

Advanced Advanced Seed Producing Vascular Seed Producing Vascular PlantsPlants

Class: Class: GymnospermaeGymnospermae Class: Class: AngiospermaeAngiospermae

Subclass: Subclass: MonocotyledoneaeMonocotyledoneae Subclass: Subclass: DicotyledoneaeDicotyledoneae

The Typical Vascular PlantThe Typical Vascular Plant Know these Know these

termsterms StemStem Tap rootTap root Lateral rootLateral root Leaf bladeLeaf blade PetiolePetiole Seed Seed Fruit Fruit NodeNode InternodeInternode FlowerFlower Terminal budTerminal bud Lateral budLateral bud

Class - GymnospermaeClass - Gymnospermae 1. Seed producing plants that produce “naked” seeds, seeds not 1. Seed producing plants that produce “naked” seeds, seeds not

enclosed in a fruit.enclosed in a fruit. 2. Most have needle-like leaves (conifers: pines, firs and cedars)2. Most have needle-like leaves (conifers: pines, firs and cedars) 3. Some with “regular” leaves (Ginkgo)3. Some with “regular” leaves (Ginkgo) 4. Often are cone producers4. Often are cone producers

Class AngiospermaeClass Angiospermae Seeds are produced and protected by a fruit of some kind.Seeds are produced and protected by a fruit of some kind. AKA Flower producing plantsAKA Flower producing plants Two subclasses of Angiosperms: Two subclasses of Angiosperms:

Monocotyledons and DicotyledonsMonocotyledons and Dicotyledons

Seed TypesSeed Types Gymnospermae – “Gymnospermae – “nakednaked” “seed”” “seed” Angiospermae – “Angiospermae – “containercontainer” “seed”” “seed”

Monocot vs. DicotMonocot vs. Dicot MonocotsMonocots: Corn, wheat, : Corn, wheat,

palms, grasses, orchids, liliespalms, grasses, orchids, lilies Leaf veins usually Leaf veins usually parallelparallel Flower parts in multiples of Flower parts in multiples of threethree Vascular bundles are Vascular bundles are scatteredscattered

in stemin stem Usually Usually fibrous rootfibrous root OneOne cotyledon cotyledon

DicotyledonsDicotyledons: roses, maple, oaks, : roses, maple, oaks, beans, apples,beans, apples,

Leaf veins branched: Leaf veins branched: PalmatePalmate or or PinnatePinnate

Flower –parts in multiples of Flower –parts in multiples of 4 4 or 5or 5

Vascular bundles are arranged Vascular bundles are arranged in a in a ringring in the stem in the stem

Usually Usually tap root tap root systemsystem TwoTwo cotyledons in the seed cotyledons in the seed

Plant Responses and Plant Responses and GrowthGrowth PhototropismPhototropism: Plant stems grow toward light (: Plant stems grow toward light (positive positive

phototropismphototropism), roots grow away from light (), roots grow away from light (negative phototropismnegative phototropism)) GravitropismGravitropism: Plant stems grow away from the source of gravity : Plant stems grow away from the source of gravity

(grow up ) ((grow up ) (negative gravtropicnegative gravtropic)) )) and roots grow toward the source of and roots grow toward the source of gravity (gravity (positive gravitropicpositive gravitropic) (grow down)) (grow down)

ThigmotropismThigmotropism: Plant response to touch stimuli (Venus flytrap snaps : Plant response to touch stimuli (Venus flytrap snaps shuts)shuts)

Gravitropism

That’s all for That’s all for now…now…

Lots more Lots more over plant over plant

structures in structures in Part 2Part 2