Plant ClassificationPlant Classification Kingdom Kingdom PlantaePlantae
Phylum: Phylum: BryophytaBryophyta – Mosses, Liverworts & – Mosses, Liverworts & HornwortsHornworts
Phylum: Phylum: TracheophytaTracheophyta – – Primitive Primitive Spore Producing Vascular plantsSpore Producing Vascular plants
Ferns, Horsetails & Club “Mosses” Ferns, Horsetails & Club “Mosses” Advanced Advanced Seed Producing Vascular PlantsSeed Producing Vascular Plants
Class: Class: GymnospermaeGymnospermae Class: Class: AngiospermaeAngiospermae
Subclass: Subclass: MonocotyledoneaeMonocotyledoneae Subclass: Subclass: DicotyledoneaeDicotyledoneae
Advanced Seed Advanced Seed ProducingProducing
Advanced Advanced Seed Producing Vascular Seed Producing Vascular PlantsPlants
Class: Class: GymnospermaeGymnospermae Class: Class: AngiospermaeAngiospermae
Subclass: Subclass: MonocotyledoneaeMonocotyledoneae Subclass: Subclass: DicotyledoneaeDicotyledoneae
The Typical Vascular PlantThe Typical Vascular Plant Know these Know these
termsterms StemStem Tap rootTap root Lateral rootLateral root Leaf bladeLeaf blade PetiolePetiole Seed Seed Fruit Fruit NodeNode InternodeInternode FlowerFlower Terminal budTerminal bud Lateral budLateral bud
Class - GymnospermaeClass - Gymnospermae 1. Seed producing plants that produce “naked” seeds, seeds not 1. Seed producing plants that produce “naked” seeds, seeds not
enclosed in a fruit.enclosed in a fruit. 2. Most have needle-like leaves (conifers: pines, firs and cedars)2. Most have needle-like leaves (conifers: pines, firs and cedars) 3. Some with “regular” leaves (Ginkgo)3. Some with “regular” leaves (Ginkgo) 4. Often are cone producers4. Often are cone producers
Class AngiospermaeClass Angiospermae Seeds are produced and protected by a fruit of some kind.Seeds are produced and protected by a fruit of some kind. AKA Flower producing plantsAKA Flower producing plants Two subclasses of Angiosperms: Two subclasses of Angiosperms:
Monocotyledons and DicotyledonsMonocotyledons and Dicotyledons
Seed TypesSeed Types Gymnospermae – “Gymnospermae – “nakednaked” “seed”” “seed” Angiospermae – “Angiospermae – “containercontainer” “seed”” “seed”
Monocot vs. DicotMonocot vs. Dicot MonocotsMonocots: Corn, wheat, : Corn, wheat,
palms, grasses, orchids, liliespalms, grasses, orchids, lilies Leaf veins usually Leaf veins usually parallelparallel Flower parts in multiples of Flower parts in multiples of threethree Vascular bundles are Vascular bundles are scatteredscattered
in stemin stem Usually Usually fibrous rootfibrous root OneOne cotyledon cotyledon
DicotyledonsDicotyledons: roses, maple, oaks, : roses, maple, oaks, beans, apples,beans, apples,
Leaf veins branched: Leaf veins branched: PalmatePalmate or or PinnatePinnate
Flower –parts in multiples of Flower –parts in multiples of 4 4 or 5or 5
Vascular bundles are arranged Vascular bundles are arranged in a in a ringring in the stem in the stem
Usually Usually tap root tap root systemsystem TwoTwo cotyledons in the seed cotyledons in the seed
Plant Responses and Plant Responses and GrowthGrowth PhototropismPhototropism: Plant stems grow toward light (: Plant stems grow toward light (positive positive
phototropismphototropism), roots grow away from light (), roots grow away from light (negative phototropismnegative phototropism)) GravitropismGravitropism: Plant stems grow away from the source of gravity : Plant stems grow away from the source of gravity
(grow up ) ((grow up ) (negative gravtropicnegative gravtropic)) )) and roots grow toward the source of and roots grow toward the source of gravity (gravity (positive gravitropicpositive gravitropic) (grow down)) (grow down)
ThigmotropismThigmotropism: Plant response to touch stimuli (Venus flytrap snaps : Plant response to touch stimuli (Venus flytrap snaps shuts)shuts)
Gravitropism