life of the prophet of islam. born in 570 ad in mecca orphaned by age 6 – brought up by his uncle...
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Life of the Prophet of Islam
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Born in 570 AD in Mecca
Orphaned by age 6 – brought up by his uncle Abu Talib
Trained to lead trading caravans – traveled throughout the Middle East
As a young man, he gained a reputation for honesty and trustworthiness – “Al Amin”
Birth of Muhammed
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MeccaCenter of trade in the Arabian PeninsulaDominated by the Quraysh tribe, who
controlled the Ka’abaPeople were mostly pagan – primarily
worshipped three goddesses – but there were over 350 statues in the Ka’aba!
Minority of Jews and Christians
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The Ka’abaShrine believed to be
built by Abraham and Ishmael to Yahweh
Held images of pagan deities and even some Christian icons
Black Stone – believed to have been given to Abraham by Gabriel
Under the control of the Quraysh tribe – who became wealthy because of pilgrimages to the shrine
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Marriage to KhadijahKhadijah bint Khuwaylid –
a wealthy widow who owned a trading company
Hired Muhammed to operate her caravans to Syria
Proposed to him a few years later – she was several years older than he was
Their marriage as extremely happy
She was his greatest supporter
He married no one else while she was still alive
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Night of Power and Excellence
Often went to a cave on Mt. Hira to pray and meditate
Vision of Gabriel (Jibril)“Recite” – the first
words of the Qur’anMuhammed thought he
was going insaneKhadijah reassured him
that his vision was real
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Muhammed's revelations will continue for the rest of his life – sometimes on Mt. Hira but also at other times and places
Muhammed began preaching in Mecca
His first disciples were his wife Khadijah and his uncle Abu Talib
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The Qur’anMuhammed’s
revelations would be memorized by his followers
After his death, they were written down
Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the Word of God dictated to Muhammed
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Preaching in Mecca
Muhammed begins preaching the belief in One God = Allah
Opposition from Quraysh tribe who control the Ka’aba
Muhammed’s followers begin to be persecuted, but Muhammed is protected by his uncle who is head of the Hashem Tribe
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“Year of Sorrows” (619)Khadijah diesAbu Talib diesThe new leader of Muhammed's tribe
(the Abu Hashem) does not believe in Muhammed's Revelations
Muhammed and his followers begin to be persecuted in Mecca
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The Isra and Mi’rajMohammed's
supernatural journey to heaven and hell
In a vision, he is taken to Jerusalem
Ascends to heaven from the Temple Mount
Visions of Abraham, Moses and Jesus
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The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
Built on the Temple Mount on the site where Muhammed is believed to have ascended into heaven
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The HijraBy 622, persecution of
Muhammed's followers increased in Mecca
Many Muslims flee to Yathrib, where they are welcomed
After an assassination attempt, Muhammed also flees
Hijra becomes year one in the Muslim calendar
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Muhammed welcomed in Yathrib (later renamed Medina)
As a neutral person, he is often asked to arbitrate disputes between various tribes
Muhammed eventually becomes the ruler of Medina and most people there become his followers
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Battles Between Muhammed and the Quraysh of Mecca
Battle of BadrBattle of UrhudBattle of the TrenchBattle for Mecca
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Muhammed Conquers MeccaMarches on Mecca
with an army of 10,000
Meccan troops refuse to fight
Muhammed takes the Ka’aba and “purifies” it by emptying it of pagan idols and dedicating it to Allah
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Muhammed’s Family
Six children by his first wife, Khadijah
Two sons, both died young
Daughter Fatima was his favorite
She married Muhammed’s cousin, Ali
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WivesAfter Khadijah’s
death, Muhammed married 11 other women
Most were widows of his followers who had been killed in battle
His favorite was Aisha, the daughter of one of his first followers, Abu Bakr
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Unification of the Arabian Peninsula
By the time Muhammed died, his followers had unified the entire Arabian Peninsula either through preaching or through conquest.
It was the first time the Bedouin tribes of the peninsula had ever been united.
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The Farewell Sermon (632)
Lays out the basic beliefs of Islam
Muhammed's last sermon (although he didn’t know it at the time)
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Muhammed’s Death
Fell ill in the house of his favorite wife, AishaDied and was buried in MedinaThe “Mosque of the Prophet” was later
built over his grave
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Mosque of the Prophet
Medina
The green dome marks the place where the Prophet is buried
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AccomplishmentsThe Qur’an Introduced monotheism to the pagan Arab
tribesEthical lawsRaised the status of womenUnited the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula for
the first time
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Some felt that Muhammed’s son-in-law and cousin Ali should succeed as
leader of the Muslims
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Most Muslim leaders preferred to follow Muhammad's father-in-law and one of his earliest followers, Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr becomes the first of the “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
The Four “Rightly Guided Caliphs” with Muhammad