lich landscape hawaii magazine - july/august 2013 issue
DESCRIPTION
LICH Landscape Hawaii Magazine - July/August 2013 Issue Sustainability Issue Stories: Project Greenway, Irrigation Efficiencies, Glyphosate Alternatives, Storm Water BMPs, LID Project, Maunalua Bay Restoration, Yellow Pitaya, Hala Scale Insect, Turfgrass IPM, Disposable Landscapes The mission of the LICH Landscape Hawaii magazine is to support LICH’s mission to build industry unity by promoting high standards and professionalism through education, training, and certification and by providing a forum for the sharing of information and celebrating the success of its members. www.hawaiiscape.com www.facebook.com/hawaiiscape www.twitter.com/hawaiiscapeTRANSCRIPT
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai’iP. O. Box 22938 Honolulu HI 96823-2938
S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y I S S U E
New Lich SuStaiNabiLityawardS
PROJECT GREENWAY
IRRIGATION EffICIENCIEs
Call For Entries Online. Submissions Due 8/30
Plant Fashion Show A Runaway Success
The Latest And Greatest In Water Conservation
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai’iP. O. Box 22938 Honolulu HI 96823-2938
PRESORTEDSTANDARD
U.S. POSTAGE PAIDHONOLULU, HI
PERMIT NO. 1023
JULY | AUGUST 2013
Wilhelmina model Kylee Cunningham presenting Ludovia (Ludovia lancifolia) wearing an outfit designed by UH CTAHR student Cole Lida
T h e V o i c e o f h A W A i i ’ S G R e e N i N D U S T R Y $5.00
Hawaiiscape.com 3
Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Coun-cil of Hawai’i is a state wide alliance representing Hawaii's landscape associations: Aloha Arborist As-sociation, American Society of Landscape Architects Hawaii Chapter, Hawaii Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, Hawaii Land-scape and Irrigation Contractors, Hawaii Society of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Professional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Professional Gardeners Association.
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938
Editor Christopher A. Dacus [email protected]
Advertising Sales Jay Deputy [email protected]
Membership Cheryl M. Dacus [email protected]
Designer Darrell Ishida
Cover Photo Project GreenwayPhoto by Shaun Tokunaga
Mahalo to Landscape IndustryCouncil of Hawaii Sponsors
Platinum Sponsors
Hawaiian Turfgrass
Website Sponsors
Sharon’s Nursery, Ltd.
Geotech Solutions, Inc.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENTS
4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO
4 LICH NEWS
6 LICH HAPPENINGS
22 LOW HANGING FRUIT
24 PEST COLUMN
25 TURF COLUMN
28 TOOL TIPS
30 HAWAI-‘ICOLOGY
FEATURES
11 MIDPAC CONFERENCE AND EXPO
12 KLIC CTW PREP CLASSES
13 ENvIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
14 STORMWATER BMPs
16 LID PROJECT
17 MALAMA MAUNALUA
18 LOW IMPACT
26 DISPOSABLE LANDSCAPES
29 LICT WORKSHOP
COVER STORIES
6 PROJECT GREENWAY
10 SUSTAINABILITY AWARDS
20 IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES
803 Mapunapuna Street, Honolulu, HI 96819-2086
TEL (808) 833-4567 FAX (808) 833-9346 hiscosales.com
The proven leader in smart water management.
Public Works, Irrigation and Landscape Supplies
Hisco is the only authorized irrigation distributor of both Hunter and Rain Bird on
the islands, as well as your distributor for WeatherTRAK controllers and Atlantic
water gardens for pond products. Your one-stop shopping solution with our
complete line of Best fertilizer, Echo & Shindaiwa power equipment, landscape
lighting by FX Lighting, Vista Lighting and Auroralight. Our extensive inventory is
available to supply large or small projects. We deliver with same day delivery on
Oahu or shipping to the outer islands. Contact our friendly staff today!
2 0 1 3 B O A R D O F D I R E C T O R S
Chris Dacus Brandon Au Matt Lyum Rick Quinn President Vice President Treasurer Secretary
Jay Deputy Clifford Migita Chuck Chimera Mark SuisoCarl Evensen Lelan Nishek Steve Nimz Josh SandRandy Liu Karen Ostborg Boyd Ready Aaron AgsaldaChristy Martin Edmundo Reyes Garrett Webb Orville BaldosChris McCullough
22
Online at www.hawaiiscape.com
Hawaiiscape.com 3
Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Coun-cil of Hawai’i is a state wide alliance representing Hawaii's landscape associations: Aloha Arborist As-sociation, American Society of Landscape Architects Hawaii Chapter, Hawaii Association of Nurserymen, Hawaii Island Landscape Association, Hawaii Land-scape and Irrigation Contractors, Hawaii Society of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape Professionals, Professional Grounds Management Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and the Hawaii Professional Gardeners Association.
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘iP. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938
Editor Christopher A. Dacus [email protected]
Advertising Sales Jay Deputy [email protected]
Membership Cheryl M. Dacus [email protected]
Designer Darrell Ishida
Cover Photo Project GreenwayPhoto by Shaun Tokunaga
Mahalo to Landscape IndustryCouncil of Hawaii Sponsors
Platinum Sponsors
Hawaiian Turfgrass
Website Sponsors
Sharon’s Nursery, Ltd.
Geotech Solutions, Inc.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENTS
4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO
4 LICH NEWS
6 LICH HAPPENINGS
22 LOW HANGING FRUIT
24 PEST COLUMN
25 TURF COLUMN
28 TOOL TIPS
30 HAWAI-‘ICOLOGY
FEATURES
11 MIDPAC CONFERENCE AND EXPO
12 KLIC CTW PREP CLASSES
13 ENvIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
14 STORMWATER BMPs
16 LID PROJECT
17 MALAMA MAUNALUA
18 LOW IMPACT
26 DISPOSABLE LANDSCAPES
29 LICT WORKSHOP
COVER STORIES
6 PROJECT GREENWAY
10 SUSTAINABILITY AWARDS
20 IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES
803 Mapunapuna Street, Honolulu, HI 96819-2086
TEL (808) 833-4567 FAX (808) 833-9346 hiscosales.com
The proven leader in smart water management.
Public Works, Irrigation and Landscape Supplies
Hisco is the only authorized irrigation distributor of both Hunter and Rain Bird on
the islands, as well as your distributor for WeatherTRAK controllers and Atlantic
water gardens for pond products. Your one-stop shopping solution with our
complete line of Best fertilizer, Echo & Shindaiwa power equipment, landscape
lighting by FX Lighting, Vista Lighting and Auroralight. Our extensive inventory is
available to supply large or small projects. We deliver with same day delivery on
Oahu or shipping to the outer islands. Contact our friendly staff today!
2 0 1 3 B O A R D O F D I R E C T O R S
Chris Dacus Brandon Au Matt Lyum Rick Quinn President Vice President Treasurer Secretary
Jay Deputy Clifford Migita Chuck Chimera Mark SuisoCarl Evensen Lelan Nishek Steve Nimz Josh SandRandy Liu Karen Ostborg Boyd Ready Aaron AgsaldaChristy Martin Edmundo Reyes Garrett Webb Orville BaldosChris McCullough
22
Online at www.hawaiiscape.com
4 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 5THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
LIC.ABC-10825
808-245-7747
Mon. - Fri. 7:30-5 / Sat. 7:30-4WEB: www.kauainursery.comMAIL: [email protected]
Toll Free: 888-345-7747 Fax: 808-245-9289
3-1550 Kaumualii HwyLihue, Kauai, HI 96766
CERTIFIED EXPORT NURSERYINTERISLAND SHIPPING
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE& DESIGN/BUILD
RESORT, COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIALINSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE
CCERTIFIED LANDSCAPE TECHNICIANSARBORISTS
IRRIGATION DESIGNINSTALLATION/REPAIR
KAUAI NURSEY &LANDSCAPING, INC.
60,000 SF Greenhouses 150 Acres of Plants & MaterialLARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI
Let’s talk sustainability!
It’s our annual issue on landscape sustainabil-ity featuring the latest landscape sustainability trends. Have you made progress since last year’s issue on becoming more sustainable at work and home? Remember, sustainability is everyone’s kuleana. The best time to become sustainable was many years ago and the second best time is now.
Are you tired of the word sustainable being over used? Everyone claims to be sustainable and now there’s a way to prove it. LICH is recognizing the most sustainable local individuals, companies and projects with the Landscape Sustainability awards. Step up and submit your best work or nominate an outstanding individual or company.
Projects must be harmony with the natural en-vironment, resulting in ecological regeneration, social and improving public health outcomes. Projects will be judged on their design as pertain-ing to ecological, storm water, soils, vegetation, stakeholder involvement, social, cultural, wise use of resources, and food security. Award the sub-mission deadline is August 30th with the awards given at the LICH conference on October 10th. Walk the walk.
Besides featuring the awards, this issue includes sustainable stories on agricultural chemicals that have a low Environmental Impact Quota, irriga-tion efficiency, low impact development, integrat-ed pest management, and a new fruit tree.
Our next issue will feature our annual conference and native plants. Book your registration online today at our new website – www.hawaiiscape.com.
Sincerely,
Chris DacusPresidentLandscape Industry Council of Hawaii
President'sCOLUMN
Lich LauNcheS New webSite
New uh ctahr turf GraSS SpeciaLiSt
SchiLdkNecht joiNS pacific pipe compaNy
SEP/OCTTheme: Native Plants / LICH ConferenceStory Deadline: August 9th
NOV/DECTheme: Herbicides, Insecticides & Fertilizers/ Native Species AwardsStory Deadline: October 11th
JAN/FEB 2014Theme: Low Impact DevelopmentStory Deadline: December 13th
Upcoming ISSUES:Tell a great story! Email the editor at [email protected].
03-10-09/0000229489
KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00
3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney
Susan OwenManager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744
Susan OwenManager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744
LICH launches, www.hawaiiscape.com, the new green industry website replacing www.landscapehawaii.org. It is designed for com-puters, tablets or smartphones. The new website features comprehen-sive information on events, publications, conference, certifications, awards, local stories or read the history of LICH. Visitors can sign up for the electronic newsletter, become a member or subscribe to the LICH calendar and receive automatic updates to your personal Google calendar. It's a news driven website with Landscape Hawaii magazine stories, updates about Hawaii's landscape industry and photos from recent events. It includes online payment for membership, LICT test application fees, conference fees and sustainable landscape awards entry fees. Visit the website at www.hawaiiscape.com.
After almost 30 years at the helm of Irriga-tion Hawaii, Al-lan Schildknecht has joined the Water Conser-vation Team at Pacific Pipe Company (PPC) on April 1st.
As a part of the PPC team, Mr Schil-dknecht is looking forward to working with architects, contractors and end users on an even closer level, assisting them in design, training, and opera-tional service support for the vast array of water conservation products sold at Pacific Pipe.
Jamilee Kempton, secretary of Aloha Arborist Association, won the Western Chapter International Society of Arbo-riculture Tree Climbing Cham-pionship Women’s Division.
Dr. Zhiqiang Cheng is a scientist working on the biology, ecology, and management of turfgrass and urban landscapes, as well as on soil ecology, and environmental bio-indica-tors. His extension and research efforts focus on: 1) IPM for lawns, golf courses, athletic fields, and urban landscapes; 2) understand-ing ecological interactions among turfgrass/landscape plants, pests, soil, and other environmental factors; 3) testing/selecting effective yet environmental-friendly pesticides/fertilizers; and 4) testing biocontrol methods on broader spectrum of pests in Hawaii. Dr. Cheng has over 10 years of research experience in the ecology and management of turfgrass and urban landscapes. He has given presentations in many international and national conferences, meetings, and workshops. Dr. Cheng has been managing the Soil Ecology Lab of Agroecosystems Management Program at The Ohio State University since September 2008. He has also been working closely with the industry. For example, he has con-ducted research projects in collaboration with TruGreen Chemlawn Company, and MTD Corporation, respectively. Further, Dr. Cheng is one of the founding members of the Association for Environmen-tal Studies and Sciences (AESS), and has been serving on the Awards Committee of AESS since 2009. In addition, Dr. Cheng serves as peer-reviewer for many premium scientific journals, including Pest Man-agement Science, Journal of Nematology, Journal of Forestry, Compost Science and Utilization, Applied Soil Ecology, and more.
July 11 – 3 CEUsNative Plant Production and LandscapingHui Ku Maoli Ola, Oahu
July 13Mangoes at the MoanaSheraton Moana Hotel, Oahu
July 19 – 3 CEUsMaster Gardener – Aquaponics w/Fred LauMari’s Gardens, Oahu
July 23 – 4 CEUsAdvanced Drip Irrigation Design and InstallationPacific Pipe, Oahu
July 26Oahu LICT Registration Deadlinewww.hawaiiscape.com
July 26 & 27, August 3 – 13.5 CEUsLICT Irrigation SchoolPearl City Urban Garden Center, Oahu
July 27Fun In The Mud – 2 CEUsMulkern Nursery, Waimanalo, Oahu
August 2Master Gardener – AgritourismKahuku Farms, Kahuku, Oahu
August 7Oahu LICT - Written TestOahu
August 10Oahu LICT – Field TestOahu
August 13 – 24 - 36 CEUsKauai Certified Tree Worker ClassesKauai Community College, Kauai
August 16 – 3 CEUsMaster Gardener – Direct MarketingOtsuji Farms, Hawaii Kai, Oahu
August 19-20 – 16 CEUsRainwater Harvesting WorkshopUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa, Oahu
October 10 – 5 CEUsLICH Conference & TradeshowNeal Blaisdell Exhibition Hall, Oahu
HAwAiisCApE.COm CAlEndAr Of EvEnts
LICT CEUs shown for all events
caroL kwaN receiveS awardCarol Kwan was presented with Western Chapter ISA’s Executive Director Award for helping WCISA become active in Hawaii again. Left to right: Dennis Swartzell, WCISA president, Carol Kwan, and Rose Epperson, WCISA Executive Director.
Photo: GARRETT WEBB
W H A T S H A p p E N I N G
NEWSlich
4 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 5THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
LIC.ABC-10825
808-245-7747
Mon. - Fri. 7:30-5 / Sat. 7:30-4WEB: www.kauainursery.comMAIL: [email protected]
Toll Free: 888-345-7747 Fax: 808-245-9289
3-1550 Kaumualii HwyLihue, Kauai, HI 96766
CERTIFIED EXPORT NURSERYINTERISLAND SHIPPING
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE& DESIGN/BUILD
RESORT, COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIALINSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE
CCERTIFIED LANDSCAPE TECHNICIANSARBORISTS
IRRIGATION DESIGNINSTALLATION/REPAIR
KAUAI NURSEY &LANDSCAPING, INC.
60,000 SF Greenhouses 150 Acres of Plants & MaterialLARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI
Let’s talk sustainability!
It’s our annual issue on landscape sustainabil-ity featuring the latest landscape sustainability trends. Have you made progress since last year’s issue on becoming more sustainable at work and home? Remember, sustainability is everyone’s kuleana. The best time to become sustainable was many years ago and the second best time is now.
Are you tired of the word sustainable being over used? Everyone claims to be sustainable and now there’s a way to prove it. LICH is recognizing the most sustainable local individuals, companies and projects with the Landscape Sustainability awards. Step up and submit your best work or nominate an outstanding individual or company.
Projects must be harmony with the natural en-vironment, resulting in ecological regeneration, social and improving public health outcomes. Projects will be judged on their design as pertain-ing to ecological, storm water, soils, vegetation, stakeholder involvement, social, cultural, wise use of resources, and food security. Award the sub-mission deadline is August 30th with the awards given at the LICH conference on October 10th. Walk the walk.
Besides featuring the awards, this issue includes sustainable stories on agricultural chemicals that have a low Environmental Impact Quota, irriga-tion efficiency, low impact development, integrat-ed pest management, and a new fruit tree.
Our next issue will feature our annual conference and native plants. Book your registration online today at our new website – www.hawaiiscape.com.
Sincerely,
Chris DacusPresidentLandscape Industry Council of Hawaii
President'sCOLUMN
Lich LauNcheS New webSite
New uh ctahr turf GraSS SpeciaLiSt
SchiLdkNecht joiNS pacific pipe compaNy
SEP/OCTTheme: Native Plants / LICH ConferenceStory Deadline: August 9th
NOV/DECTheme: Herbicides, Insecticides & Fertilizers/ Native Species AwardsStory Deadline: October 11th
JAN/FEB 2014Theme: Low Impact DevelopmentStory Deadline: December 13th
Upcoming ISSUES:Tell a great story! Email the editor at [email protected].
03-10-09/0000229489
KOOLAU SEEDS & SUPPLY R 2.00 X 2.00
3009 PMP-PENARO Proofed By: jmahoney
Susan OwenManager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744
Susan OwenManager
Contact
(808) 239-1280 Office
(808) 239-2151 Fax
48-373 G Kamehameha HwyKaneohe, Hawaii 96744
LICH launches, www.hawaiiscape.com, the new green industry website replacing www.landscapehawaii.org. It is designed for com-puters, tablets or smartphones. The new website features comprehen-sive information on events, publications, conference, certifications, awards, local stories or read the history of LICH. Visitors can sign up for the electronic newsletter, become a member or subscribe to the LICH calendar and receive automatic updates to your personal Google calendar. It's a news driven website with Landscape Hawaii magazine stories, updates about Hawaii's landscape industry and photos from recent events. It includes online payment for membership, LICT test application fees, conference fees and sustainable landscape awards entry fees. Visit the website at www.hawaiiscape.com.
After almost 30 years at the helm of Irriga-tion Hawaii, Al-lan Schildknecht has joined the Water Conser-vation Team at Pacific Pipe Company (PPC) on April 1st.
As a part of the PPC team, Mr Schil-dknecht is looking forward to working with architects, contractors and end users on an even closer level, assisting them in design, training, and opera-tional service support for the vast array of water conservation products sold at Pacific Pipe.
Jamilee Kempton, secretary of Aloha Arborist Association, won the Western Chapter International Society of Arbo-riculture Tree Climbing Cham-pionship Women’s Division.
Dr. Zhiqiang Cheng is a scientist working on the biology, ecology, and management of turfgrass and urban landscapes, as well as on soil ecology, and environmental bio-indica-tors. His extension and research efforts focus on: 1) IPM for lawns, golf courses, athletic fields, and urban landscapes; 2) understand-ing ecological interactions among turfgrass/landscape plants, pests, soil, and other environmental factors; 3) testing/selecting effective yet environmental-friendly pesticides/fertilizers; and 4) testing biocontrol methods on broader spectrum of pests in Hawaii. Dr. Cheng has over 10 years of research experience in the ecology and management of turfgrass and urban landscapes. He has given presentations in many international and national conferences, meetings, and workshops. Dr. Cheng has been managing the Soil Ecology Lab of Agroecosystems Management Program at The Ohio State University since September 2008. He has also been working closely with the industry. For example, he has con-ducted research projects in collaboration with TruGreen Chemlawn Company, and MTD Corporation, respectively. Further, Dr. Cheng is one of the founding members of the Association for Environmen-tal Studies and Sciences (AESS), and has been serving on the Awards Committee of AESS since 2009. In addition, Dr. Cheng serves as peer-reviewer for many premium scientific journals, including Pest Man-agement Science, Journal of Nematology, Journal of Forestry, Compost Science and Utilization, Applied Soil Ecology, and more.
July 11 – 3 CEUsNative Plant Production and LandscapingHui Ku Maoli Ola, Oahu
July 13Mangoes at the MoanaSheraton Moana Hotel, Oahu
July 19 – 3 CEUsMaster Gardener – Aquaponics w/Fred LauMari’s Gardens, Oahu
July 23 – 4 CEUsAdvanced Drip Irrigation Design and InstallationPacific Pipe, Oahu
July 26Oahu LICT Registration Deadlinewww.hawaiiscape.com
July 26 & 27, August 3 – 13.5 CEUsLICT Irrigation SchoolPearl City Urban Garden Center, Oahu
July 27Fun In The Mud – 2 CEUsMulkern Nursery, Waimanalo, Oahu
August 2Master Gardener – AgritourismKahuku Farms, Kahuku, Oahu
August 7Oahu LICT - Written TestOahu
August 10Oahu LICT – Field TestOahu
August 13 – 24 - 36 CEUsKauai Certified Tree Worker ClassesKauai Community College, Kauai
August 16 – 3 CEUsMaster Gardener – Direct MarketingOtsuji Farms, Hawaii Kai, Oahu
August 19-20 – 16 CEUsRainwater Harvesting WorkshopUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa, Oahu
October 10 – 5 CEUsLICH Conference & TradeshowNeal Blaisdell Exhibition Hall, Oahu
HAwAiisCApE.COm CAlEndAr Of EvEnts
LICT CEUs shown for all events
caroL kwaN receiveS awardCarol Kwan was presented with Western Chapter ISA’s Executive Director Award for helping WCISA become active in Hawaii again. Left to right: Dennis Swartzell, WCISA president, Carol Kwan, and Rose Epperson, WCISA Executive Director.
Photo: GARRETT WEBB
W H A T S H A p p E N I N G
NEWSlich
projectGreeNway
a ruNaway SucceSS
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY6 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013
Project Greenway Sponsor: Hawaiian Turfgrass
The exclusive licensed producer of the some of the most drought tolerant, technologically advanced turfgrasses in the Islands, Hawaiian Turfgrass. For an improved zoysiagrass, use Hawaiian Turfgrass’s Zeon Zoysia, the number one selling zoysiagrass in America. Zeon Zoysia was selected as the grass for the golf course in the 2016 Olympics in Rio. Also produced by Hawaiian Turfgrass is L1F Zoysia, a new, ultra-exclusive fine-bladed grass for golf courses. TifGrand Bermudagrass is a new grass from the University of Georgia that grows well in full sun or partial shade and has a beauti-ful soft feel underfoot. You can use TifGrand on home lawns, at schools or on stadium sports fields. JaMur Zoysia is a dense sod that is among the most extremely drought tolerant grasses on the market. JaMur looks similar to El Toro but is significantly more resilient for our Hawaiian home lawns, requires far less fertilizer and makes far less thatch. Captiva St. Augustine is a new grass that is resistant to the chinch bug. And, Captiva requires far less mowing, that’s right, less mowing, than other St. Augustine grasses. Whether you’re looking for grasses that take less water, less fertilizer, or require fewer inputs overall, Hawaiian Turfgrass has a grass to fit your needs. Hawaiian Turf-grass is a licensed contractor. Hawaiian Turfgrass is the future of turfgrass in Hawaii.
2013 UH CTAHR graduate Breanne Lee creating a piece of fashion art with only flowers.
Mary Wilkowski of Vetiver Systems Hawaii with Governor Abercrombie
ABOvE: LICH Board member Christy Martin dressed to the nines helping as always. BELOW: IONA Dance Theatre dancer dressed in an orchid outfit posing behind Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides)
The LICH Project Greenway was held on June 14 at the Kapiolani Community College and was a run-away success. The show featured new native and
non-native plants for the urban land-scape. Besides sixty new plants, the event showcased clothing fashions designed by juniors and seniors in the UH College of
Tropical Agriculture and Human Resourc-es Fashion Design and Merchandising Pro-gram, with the models’ hair and makeup by cosmetology students from Honolulu Community College, local-grown food prepared by culinary arts students from Kapiolani Community College, and the IONA Dance Theatre dancers providing an added dimension of ambiance for the evening. Over 250 attended the event in-
cluding Governor Abercrombie and Dean Maria Gallo. The event had great energy and excitement. A silent auction benefited Lyon Arboretum and Waimea Valley. The Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii is grateful to the sponsors, vendors and awe-some volunteers. If you missed the event, you can watch the Project Greenway event video at Facebook.com/hawaiiscape.
Project Greenway Sponsor: D.R. Horton
D.R. Horton – Schuler Division is a kama‘āina company with deep roots in Hawai‘i that combines local expertise with national resources. The company has been building homes in the islands as Schuler Homes, founded by then long-time Hawai‘i resident Jim Schuler, and making home ownership possible for thousands of local families for the past 40 years. With an eye toward the future, homes and communities built by D.R. Horton are designed for local families. The company is committed to creating sustainable homes and believes strongly in preparing for Hawaii’s future so that future generations can enjoy the full pleasures of living in our beautiful island community. As landscape architects and members of the landscaping industry, you may find interesting D.R. Horton’s newest “option” for its homeowners. D.R. Horton recently began offering Urban Food Gar-dens, which allow families to landscape their homes with edible gardens – with aquaponic systems and a variety of crops to grow. Weaving agriculture into daily life is part of the company’s vision for the future.Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Project Greenway Sponsor: Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus is a proud spon-sor of Project Greenway. As America’s premier luxury retailer for over 100 years, Neiman Marcus is renowned for quality merchandise and exceptional customer service. The Ala Moana Cen-ter location carries on this legacy as can be evidenced by strolling through their store or dining in their restau-rants, including the award-winning Mariposa restaurant. Neiman Marcus is also known for their dedication to the community in which they serve. They generously donated a fashion and beauty goodie bag for each of our volunteer models, cosmetology and fashion students containing products from such lines as Vince and Giorgio Armani Beauty.
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
C H R I S D A C U S
HAPPENINGSlich
Hawaiiscape.com 7
projectGreeNway
a ruNaway SucceSS
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY6 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013
Project Greenway Sponsor: Hawaiian Turfgrass
The exclusive licensed producer of the some of the most drought tolerant, technologically advanced turfgrasses in the Islands, Hawaiian Turfgrass. For an improved zoysiagrass, use Hawaiian Turfgrass’s Zeon Zoysia, the number one selling zoysiagrass in America. Zeon Zoysia was selected as the grass for the golf course in the 2016 Olympics in Rio. Also produced by Hawaiian Turfgrass is L1F Zoysia, a new, ultra-exclusive fine-bladed grass for golf courses. TifGrand Bermudagrass is a new grass from the University of Georgia that grows well in full sun or partial shade and has a beauti-ful soft feel underfoot. You can use TifGrand on home lawns, at schools or on stadium sports fields. JaMur Zoysia is a dense sod that is among the most extremely drought tolerant grasses on the market. JaMur looks similar to El Toro but is significantly more resilient for our Hawaiian home lawns, requires far less fertilizer and makes far less thatch. Captiva St. Augustine is a new grass that is resistant to the chinch bug. And, Captiva requires far less mowing, that’s right, less mowing, than other St. Augustine grasses. Whether you’re looking for grasses that take less water, less fertilizer, or require fewer inputs overall, Hawaiian Turfgrass has a grass to fit your needs. Hawaiian Turf-grass is a licensed contractor. Hawaiian Turfgrass is the future of turfgrass in Hawaii.
2013 UH CTAHR graduate Breanne Lee creating a piece of fashion art with only flowers.
Mary Wilkowski of Vetiver Systems Hawaii with Governor Abercrombie
ABOvE: LICH Board member Christy Martin dressed to the nines helping as always. BELOW: IONA Dance Theatre dancer dressed in an orchid outfit posing behind Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides)
The LICH Project Greenway was held on June 14 at the Kapiolani Community College and was a run-away success. The show featured new native and
non-native plants for the urban land-scape. Besides sixty new plants, the event showcased clothing fashions designed by juniors and seniors in the UH College of
Tropical Agriculture and Human Resourc-es Fashion Design and Merchandising Pro-gram, with the models’ hair and makeup by cosmetology students from Honolulu Community College, local-grown food prepared by culinary arts students from Kapiolani Community College, and the IONA Dance Theatre dancers providing an added dimension of ambiance for the evening. Over 250 attended the event in-
cluding Governor Abercrombie and Dean Maria Gallo. The event had great energy and excitement. A silent auction benefited Lyon Arboretum and Waimea Valley. The Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii is grateful to the sponsors, vendors and awe-some volunteers. If you missed the event, you can watch the Project Greenway event video at Facebook.com/hawaiiscape.
Project Greenway Sponsor: D.R. Horton
D.R. Horton – Schuler Division is a kama‘āina company with deep roots in Hawai‘i that combines local expertise with national resources. The company has been building homes in the islands as Schuler Homes, founded by then long-time Hawai‘i resident Jim Schuler, and making home ownership possible for thousands of local families for the past 40 years. With an eye toward the future, homes and communities built by D.R. Horton are designed for local families. The company is committed to creating sustainable homes and believes strongly in preparing for Hawaii’s future so that future generations can enjoy the full pleasures of living in our beautiful island community. As landscape architects and members of the landscaping industry, you may find interesting D.R. Horton’s newest “option” for its homeowners. D.R. Horton recently began offering Urban Food Gar-dens, which allow families to landscape their homes with edible gardens – with aquaponic systems and a variety of crops to grow. Weaving agriculture into daily life is part of the company’s vision for the future.Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Project Greenway Sponsor: Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus is a proud spon-sor of Project Greenway. As America’s premier luxury retailer for over 100 years, Neiman Marcus is renowned for quality merchandise and exceptional customer service. The Ala Moana Cen-ter location carries on this legacy as can be evidenced by strolling through their store or dining in their restau-rants, including the award-winning Mariposa restaurant. Neiman Marcus is also known for their dedication to the community in which they serve. They generously donated a fashion and beauty goodie bag for each of our volunteer models, cosmetology and fashion students containing products from such lines as Vince and Giorgio Armani Beauty.
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
C H R I S D A C U S
HAPPENINGSlich
Hawaiiscape.com 7
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY8 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013
Project Greenway Sponsor: Wilhelmina Hawaii
Wilhelmina Hawaii is the first affiliate to represent the global powerhouse of Wilhelmina International in the Hawaii market. With a dedication to scouting, developing and representing the highest caliber of models in Hawaii, Wilhelmina Hawaii is focused on establishing Hawaii models in our market and in both the national and international fashion scene. With the support of Wilhelmina Inter-national, Hawaii models will now have an opportunity to be considered in larger and more established markets like Los Angeles, New York and Miami. Additionally, Wilhelmina Hawaii serves as a natural bridge to some of the world’s busiest Asian markets promoting models from across the nation in Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, etc. Wilhelmina Hawaii is led by one of Hawaii’s most experienced agents, Ryan K. Brown, longtime owner of Hawaii’s successful Commercial/Theat-rical Talent agency, the Screen Actors Guild franchised ADR Agency. Brown offers 20 years of expertise in the Hawaii market as the most experienced active agent in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Project Greenway Sponsor: Ali‘i Turf Company
The Ali‘i Turf Company is a provider of turf grass and is located on the corner of Kamehameha and Whitmore Avenue in Wahiawa. Ali‘i Turf Company is locally owned and operated by See Ba Thee or as we know him better as TC. TC has been in the turf business for over twenty-three years here in the islands. Ali‘i Turf company has provided grass for golf courses, commercial and government instal-lations and family homes on almost every island. The Ali‘i Turf Company offers a diverse line of grass types that can match the demands for any landscaping need. If you would like you are invited to come to the farm, take off your shores and pick the type of grass your feet like the best or you can call and the grass will be delivered to your doorstep. With emphasis on product quality and service Ali‘i Turf Company will continually strive to be the best in the islands. In fact, the Ali‘i Turf mission statement is to grow the highest qual-ity turf while striving to surpass our customers’ expectations of service. Let Ali‘i Turf help you transform your landscaping dreams into a reality.
Hawaiiscape.com 9
CLOCKWISE: Director Steve Sue giving instructions to IONA Dance Theatre dancers during afternoon rehearsal; Leland Nishek of Kauai Nursery and Landscape and Kar-en Ostborg pose for a photograph with the popular IONA Dance Theatre orchid dancer; Sean Fong of Hawaiian Turfgrass talking turf; IONA Dance Theatre dancer enter-taining the audience in between sets of plants.
LEFT: Wilhelmina model Kalia Smith flanked by Kentia Palm (Howea forsteriana) and Raphis Palm (Rhapis excels). Kalia is modeling an outfit designed by 2013 UH CTAHR graduate Breanne Lee; CENTER: Wilhelmina model Kalia Smith wearing an outfit designed by UH CTAHR student Cole Lida. Kalia is standing on a runway composed of synthetic turf grass generously supplied by NyLawn; RIGHT: Wilhelmina model Annalise Ferreira pointing out Pokalakala (Polyscias racemosa).
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Project Greenway Sponsor: Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association
Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association enhances its members’ busi-ness success through enactment of laws to advance the common business interests of the members, education, marketing, research and services; encour-ages and promotes the betterment of conditions that will create and sustain an economically viable flower and plant industry; and promotes the growing and exporting of Hawaii flowers and plants.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY8 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013
Project Greenway Sponsor: Wilhelmina Hawaii
Wilhelmina Hawaii is the first affiliate to represent the global powerhouse of Wilhelmina International in the Hawaii market. With a dedication to scouting, developing and representing the highest caliber of models in Hawaii, Wilhelmina Hawaii is focused on establishing Hawaii models in our market and in both the national and international fashion scene. With the support of Wilhelmina Inter-national, Hawaii models will now have an opportunity to be considered in larger and more established markets like Los Angeles, New York and Miami. Additionally, Wilhelmina Hawaii serves as a natural bridge to some of the world’s busiest Asian markets promoting models from across the nation in Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, etc. Wilhelmina Hawaii is led by one of Hawaii’s most experienced agents, Ryan K. Brown, longtime owner of Hawaii’s successful Commercial/Theat-rical Talent agency, the Screen Actors Guild franchised ADR Agency. Brown offers 20 years of expertise in the Hawaii market as the most experienced active agent in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Project Greenway Sponsor: Ali‘i Turf Company
The Ali‘i Turf Company is a provider of turf grass and is located on the corner of Kamehameha and Whitmore Avenue in Wahiawa. Ali‘i Turf Company is locally owned and operated by See Ba Thee or as we know him better as TC. TC has been in the turf business for over twenty-three years here in the islands. Ali‘i Turf company has provided grass for golf courses, commercial and government instal-lations and family homes on almost every island. The Ali‘i Turf Company offers a diverse line of grass types that can match the demands for any landscaping need. If you would like you are invited to come to the farm, take off your shores and pick the type of grass your feet like the best or you can call and the grass will be delivered to your doorstep. With emphasis on product quality and service Ali‘i Turf Company will continually strive to be the best in the islands. In fact, the Ali‘i Turf mission statement is to grow the highest qual-ity turf while striving to surpass our customers’ expectations of service. Let Ali‘i Turf help you transform your landscaping dreams into a reality.
Hawaiiscape.com 9
CLOCKWISE: Director Steve Sue giving instructions to IONA Dance Theatre dancers during afternoon rehearsal; Leland Nishek of Kauai Nursery and Landscape and Kar-en Ostborg pose for a photograph with the popular IONA Dance Theatre orchid dancer; Sean Fong of Hawaiian Turfgrass talking turf; IONA Dance Theatre dancer enter-taining the audience in between sets of plants.
LEFT: Wilhelmina model Kalia Smith flanked by Kentia Palm (Howea forsteriana) and Raphis Palm (Rhapis excels). Kalia is modeling an outfit designed by 2013 UH CTAHR graduate Breanne Lee; CENTER: Wilhelmina model Kalia Smith wearing an outfit designed by UH CTAHR student Cole Lida. Kalia is standing on a runway composed of synthetic turf grass generously supplied by NyLawn; RIGHT: Wilhelmina model Annalise Ferreira pointing out Pokalakala (Polyscias racemosa).
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Project Greenway Sponsor: Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association
Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association enhances its members’ busi-ness success through enactment of laws to advance the common business interests of the members, education, marketing, research and services; encour-ages and promotes the betterment of conditions that will create and sustain an economically viable flower and plant industry; and promotes the growing and exporting of Hawaii flowers and plants.
10 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 11THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
By CHRIS DACUS
HAWAII EXPORT NURSERY ASSOCIATION presents
“Celebrating our Past, Sustaining our Future” at the
2013 HAWAII MIDPAC EXPO July 26, 2013
Waikoloa, Hawaii
Horticultural Conference * Educational Exhibit Center New Varieties of Dracaena * Networking Reception Hawaii MIDPAC Hall of Fame Award Presentation
Hawaiian Entertainment * Silent Auction HENA’s 20th Anniversary Celebration
Hapuna Beach Prince Resort Great discounted rates on rooms & golf!
For info on MIDPAC, contact HENA at [email protected] www.hena.org * (808) 969-2088
P.O. Box 11120 * Hilo, Hawaii 96721
The LICH 2013 Landscape Sustainability Awards rec-ognize advocates of sus-tainability and landscape projects that demonstrate a high degree of innova-
tion, commitment and achievement in increasing our understanding of the com-plex interactions between constructed and natural systems and are in harmony with the natural environment, result-ing in ecological regeneration, social and improving public health outcomes. The awards additionally recognize that sustainability is everyone’s kuleana and the need to share sustainable innovations and techniques within our industry.
The awards are for the designer of sustainable Hawaii projects whether they be a landscape architect, landscape designer, contractor, home-owner, LICH member or non-LICH member. LICH will accept nominations for the Native Plant Advocacy and Plant Pono Invasive Species awards. Any project completed after January 1, 2008 is eligible. There are
eight award categories and two award levels as follows:
Award Levels1. La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence:
One award may be awarded in each cat-egory, if determined by the judges.
2. Mohalu Honor Award: Any number of awards may be given in each category.
The award categories are: ■ Sustainability Award ■ Native Plant Design Award -
Residential, Government/ Institutions, Commercial
■ Native Plant Advocacy & Research Award
■ Sustainable Company Award ■ Plant Pono Invasive Species
Advocacy Award ■ Water Conservation Award ■ Edible Landscape Award ■ Student Poster
The award submission deadline is August 30th. Award winners will be noti-
fied by September 22nd and the awards will be given at the LICH Conference on October 10th.
The LICH Landscape Sustainability Awards submissions process is com-pletely digital at www.hawaiiscape.com/awards. Submissions must include the project credit information, a project description, images and Do-It-Yourself submittal of a signature sustainability element.
The cost per entry is $50 for a nonprof-it organization, $75 for a LICH Member and $100 for a non-member. LICH mem-bership is $30 per calendar year. For more information on the awards visit www.hawaiiscape.com/awards.
Be a part of history, enter your cool sustainability projects by 8/30, get recog-nized, share your mana‘o and make your island home a better place.
Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.
Aloha! You are cordially invited to help HENA celebrate our 20th year anniversary at the 18th annual MIDPAC Horti-cultural Conference and
Expo. It will be held on Friday, July 26th on the Kohala coast at the Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel. It will be the first time for this event to be held on the Kona side of the Big Island and we are excited to be “Celebrating our Past and Sustaining our Future” with our debut of our new variet-ies of Dracaena’s.
During breaks in the Conference there will be opportunities to visit our Edu-cational Exhibit Center where you can speak with representatives of different agencies and other industry organizations about the latest updates and programs available to local floriculture businesses.
MIDPAC would not be complete with-out our annual Networking Reception. We will be having live local entertainers, a silent auction with great items up for bid throughout the evening, and will honor one of our own with this year’s MIDPAC Hall of Fame award. Throughout the event there will be an opportunity to view HENA’s newly updated video which tells about our export industry and products as well as walk back through time with our Pictorial History of HENA’s past which will show many highlights and personali-ties of the events since HENA’s inception. We hope you will join us for great food, fun and friendship!
We are very excited to have many of our key distributors from the mainland speak-ing along with our exciting local speakers covering topics from marketing to use of Hawaii’s flowers and plants in the interi-orscape setting. Shelly Hanaoka from the Big Island will be featured by providing arrangements and her insights into the use of flowers and plants together.
MIDPAC events are hosted by the Ha-waii Export Nursery Association (HENA)
Entries Submissions due August 30thSuStaiNabiLity awardS
heNa’S 2013 midpac coNfereNce aNd expoBy ROBERT STEARnS HENA BOARD MEMBER
Lich LaNdScape
See MiDPAc on page 23
10 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 11THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
By CHRIS DACUS
HAWAII EXPORT NURSERY ASSOCIATION presents
“Celebrating our Past, Sustaining our Future” at the
2013 HAWAII MIDPAC EXPO July 26, 2013
Waikoloa, Hawaii
Horticultural Conference * Educational Exhibit Center New Varieties of Dracaena * Networking Reception Hawaii MIDPAC Hall of Fame Award Presentation
Hawaiian Entertainment * Silent Auction HENA’s 20th Anniversary Celebration
Hapuna Beach Prince Resort Great discounted rates on rooms & golf!
For info on MIDPAC, contact HENA at [email protected] www.hena.org * (808) 969-2088
P.O. Box 11120 * Hilo, Hawaii 96721
The LICH 2013 Landscape Sustainability Awards rec-ognize advocates of sus-tainability and landscape projects that demonstrate a high degree of innova-
tion, commitment and achievement in increasing our understanding of the com-plex interactions between constructed and natural systems and are in harmony with the natural environment, result-ing in ecological regeneration, social and improving public health outcomes. The awards additionally recognize that sustainability is everyone’s kuleana and the need to share sustainable innovations and techniques within our industry.
The awards are for the designer of sustainable Hawaii projects whether they be a landscape architect, landscape designer, contractor, home-owner, LICH member or non-LICH member. LICH will accept nominations for the Native Plant Advocacy and Plant Pono Invasive Species awards. Any project completed after January 1, 2008 is eligible. There are
eight award categories and two award levels as follows:
Award Levels1. La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence:
One award may be awarded in each cat-egory, if determined by the judges.
2. Mohalu Honor Award: Any number of awards may be given in each category.
The award categories are: ■ Sustainability Award ■ Native Plant Design Award -
Residential, Government/ Institutions, Commercial
■ Native Plant Advocacy & Research Award
■ Sustainable Company Award ■ Plant Pono Invasive Species
Advocacy Award ■ Water Conservation Award ■ Edible Landscape Award ■ Student Poster
The award submission deadline is August 30th. Award winners will be noti-
fied by September 22nd and the awards will be given at the LICH Conference on October 10th.
The LICH Landscape Sustainability Awards submissions process is com-pletely digital at www.hawaiiscape.com/awards. Submissions must include the project credit information, a project description, images and Do-It-Yourself submittal of a signature sustainability element.
The cost per entry is $50 for a nonprof-it organization, $75 for a LICH Member and $100 for a non-member. LICH mem-bership is $30 per calendar year. For more information on the awards visit www.hawaiiscape.com/awards.
Be a part of history, enter your cool sustainability projects by 8/30, get recog-nized, share your mana‘o and make your island home a better place.
Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.
Aloha! You are cordially invited to help HENA celebrate our 20th year anniversary at the 18th annual MIDPAC Horti-cultural Conference and
Expo. It will be held on Friday, July 26th on the Kohala coast at the Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel. It will be the first time for this event to be held on the Kona side of the Big Island and we are excited to be “Celebrating our Past and Sustaining our Future” with our debut of our new variet-ies of Dracaena’s.
During breaks in the Conference there will be opportunities to visit our Edu-cational Exhibit Center where you can speak with representatives of different agencies and other industry organizations about the latest updates and programs available to local floriculture businesses.
MIDPAC would not be complete with-out our annual Networking Reception. We will be having live local entertainers, a silent auction with great items up for bid throughout the evening, and will honor one of our own with this year’s MIDPAC Hall of Fame award. Throughout the event there will be an opportunity to view HENA’s newly updated video which tells about our export industry and products as well as walk back through time with our Pictorial History of HENA’s past which will show many highlights and personali-ties of the events since HENA’s inception. We hope you will join us for great food, fun and friendship!
We are very excited to have many of our key distributors from the mainland speak-ing along with our exciting local speakers covering topics from marketing to use of Hawaii’s flowers and plants in the interi-orscape setting. Shelly Hanaoka from the Big Island will be featured by providing arrangements and her insights into the use of flowers and plants together.
MIDPAC events are hosted by the Ha-waii Export Nursery Association (HENA)
Entries Submissions due August 30thSuStaiNabiLity awardS
heNa’S 2013 midpac coNfereNce aNd expoBy ROBERT STEARnS HENA BOARD MEMBER
Lich LaNdScape
See MiDPAc on page 23
12 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 13
kLic pLaNS certified
eNviroNmeNtaLLy frieNdLyaLterNativeS to
GLyphoSatetree worker
exam prep cLaSSeSBy CAROL KWAn
By CHRISTOPHER MCCULLOUGH
Photo: CHRISTOPHER McCULLOUGH
Scythe is an excellent product for controlling small weeds between turf and groundcovers and in open area in planting beds.
Eradicating weeds with herbicides like Roundup can get the job done quickly, but at a cost to the envi-ronment and your health. Roundup® contains glypho-
sate, a chemical that has been linked to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and infertility, as well as other inert ingredients that are especially harmful to aquatic wildlife. Chemical herbicides often leave residue in the soil and on plants that can damage their growth and poison people who eat and touch them. Roundup is an herbicide currently touted as the most effective on the market according to advertise-ments. The active ingredient is glyphosate isoproplymine salt. When introduced to a plant’s leaves, Roundup takes advantage of the osmotic action of a plant’s vascular system. It essentially mimics water. It is taken into the plant’s vascular system and passed down to the root, where it inhibits the root from being able to make use of water. There is an alternative to Roundup on the market which acts differently to achieve the same goal.
Scythe® herbicide is a fatty acid based, non-selective, contact herbicide that uti-lizes Pelargonic acid as its active ingredi-ent. Formulated as a liquid, Scythe readily mixes with water and is applied as a foliar spray for the control of weeds and grasses. It effectively controls both broadleaf and grass weeds that are less than 6" height. Visible effects on most weeds usually oc-cur within hours.
Scythe’s mode of action kills weeds and grasses fast. When Scythe makes contact with a living plant, the spray quickly penetrates green plant tissue, and disrupts normal membrane permeability and cellular physiology. The disruption of the cell membrane results in cell leakage and death of all contacted tissues. Results are usually visible within minutes after treatment. Scythe is an excellent product for controlling small weeds between turf and groundcovers and in open area in planting beds.
The following are some other healthier alternatives to glyphosate use:
In many cases, it's possible to remove weeds by hand. If you’re able to keep on top of weed flushes, regularly removing the weed plants reduces future growth. It’s easiest to get weeds out of the ground when they’re small and the soil is wet. Weeds with long taproots usually need to be dug out since they will grow back from the remaining piece of root. A tool like a Hula hoe is easier on your back for getting under the roots of weeds.
Sometimes weeds are established in places where it’s impossible to get them out by the roots, such as between pav-ers or landscaping rocks. For these kinds of weeds, hardware stores sell small, portable propane torches. These produce an intensely hot focused flame that burns weeds and doesn’t damage nearby plants when used carefully. Propane torches have the added advantage of burning nearby seeds as well, and they don't leave any lasting damage to the soil. These torches are also effective for burning leaf
debris that has fallen into rock ground-cover areas.
Mulch or rock groundcovers are an effective form of weed control, especially in large areas with established weeds. Cut down tall weeds with a mower or string trimmer and then cover the area with a landscaping fabric. The weeds and many of the seeds will die from the sun’s heat, and lack of light and oxygen. A 3-inch layer of mulch or rock on top of the land-scape fabric will clean up the look of the planting area.
In showing our malama for our precious Aina, we should not always go with the cheap and easy fix, but look for alternatives that can be just as effective and efficient and yet sustainable and earth honoring when controlling weeds in the garden.
Christopher McCullough is the President of the Hawaii Island Landscape Associa-tion and a Board Member of the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii, as well as the Head Horticulturist for DFI Resources LLC.
There aren’t any Certified Tree Workers on Kauai – but if Kauai Landscape Industry Council (KLIC) has its way, that will soon change.
KLIC has been working with Kauai Community College (KCC) and class instructors Kevin Eckert and Maureen Murphy to plan a series of classes de-signed to help students prepare for and pass their Certified Tree Worker (CTW) exam. The classes have been scheduled as follows (See below).
All of the classes qualify for the ETF Workforce Development match of 50% for companies located on Kauai. To get ETF assistance, employers should submit the names of their employees who will
be taking the course to WorkWise Kauai. WorkWise will review the request and, if approved, register the employees with Office of Continuing Education and Training (OCET). OCET will then bill WorkWise for half of the tuition and will bill the employer for the other half. For off-island companies wanting to send their employees to the classes, they will need to check with their local island ETF Workforce Development office.
A Certified Tree Worker exam will be scheduled on Kauai shortly after the classes complete for a weekend in September. Details are still being worked out and the date will be posted on the Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture (WCISA) website at http://wcisa.net/events/ once confirmed.
Please note that Certified Arborists who want to become Certified Tree Workers only take the skills portion of the exam. They do not have to take the written exam.
For more information about the class-es and for the registration application, please visit http://info.kauaicc.hawaii.edu/training/. Registration is by phone or fax at this point as online registration is not yet available.
Completing all four courses is good for 36 PLANET LICT CEUs.
Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and a Director of Aloha Arborist Association and of WCISA.
Course Name Date(s)/Time Description Price Instructor
CTW, Part 1 8/13 & 8/15/2013, Covers basic tree anatomy and physiology; tree $375 Maureen Murphy 5 p.m. – 8 p.m. and tree planting, early care, and soil identification; management (Classroom lecture)
CTW, Part 2 8/20 & 8/21/2013, Covers tree pruning concepts and techniques, $375 Maureen Murphy 5 p.m. – 8 p.m. safe work practices, tree climbing practices, and cablingand bracing (Classroom lecture)
CTW, Part 3 8/22 & 8/23/2013, Provides hands-on, practical instruction in climbing, $500 Kevin Eckert 8 a.m. – 5 p.m. including aerial rescue procedures and certification, a prerequisite for taking the CTW exam
CTW, Part 4 8/24/2013, Provides hands-on, practical instruction in aerial $400 Kevin Eckert 8 a.m. – 5 p.m. lift tree care operations, including aerial rescue procedures and certification, a prerequisite for taking the CTW exam
12 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 13
kLic pLaNS certified
eNviroNmeNtaLLy frieNdLyaLterNativeS to
GLyphoSatetree worker
exam prep cLaSSeSBy CAROL KWAn
By CHRISTOPHER MCCULLOUGH
Photo: CHRISTOPHER McCULLOUGH
Scythe is an excellent product for controlling small weeds between turf and groundcovers and in open area in planting beds.
Eradicating weeds with herbicides like Roundup can get the job done quickly, but at a cost to the envi-ronment and your health. Roundup® contains glypho-
sate, a chemical that has been linked to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and infertility, as well as other inert ingredients that are especially harmful to aquatic wildlife. Chemical herbicides often leave residue in the soil and on plants that can damage their growth and poison people who eat and touch them. Roundup is an herbicide currently touted as the most effective on the market according to advertise-ments. The active ingredient is glyphosate isoproplymine salt. When introduced to a plant’s leaves, Roundup takes advantage of the osmotic action of a plant’s vascular system. It essentially mimics water. It is taken into the plant’s vascular system and passed down to the root, where it inhibits the root from being able to make use of water. There is an alternative to Roundup on the market which acts differently to achieve the same goal.
Scythe® herbicide is a fatty acid based, non-selective, contact herbicide that uti-lizes Pelargonic acid as its active ingredi-ent. Formulated as a liquid, Scythe readily mixes with water and is applied as a foliar spray for the control of weeds and grasses. It effectively controls both broadleaf and grass weeds that are less than 6" height. Visible effects on most weeds usually oc-cur within hours.
Scythe’s mode of action kills weeds and grasses fast. When Scythe makes contact with a living plant, the spray quickly penetrates green plant tissue, and disrupts normal membrane permeability and cellular physiology. The disruption of the cell membrane results in cell leakage and death of all contacted tissues. Results are usually visible within minutes after treatment. Scythe is an excellent product for controlling small weeds between turf and groundcovers and in open area in planting beds.
The following are some other healthier alternatives to glyphosate use:
In many cases, it's possible to remove weeds by hand. If you’re able to keep on top of weed flushes, regularly removing the weed plants reduces future growth. It’s easiest to get weeds out of the ground when they’re small and the soil is wet. Weeds with long taproots usually need to be dug out since they will grow back from the remaining piece of root. A tool like a Hula hoe is easier on your back for getting under the roots of weeds.
Sometimes weeds are established in places where it’s impossible to get them out by the roots, such as between pav-ers or landscaping rocks. For these kinds of weeds, hardware stores sell small, portable propane torches. These produce an intensely hot focused flame that burns weeds and doesn’t damage nearby plants when used carefully. Propane torches have the added advantage of burning nearby seeds as well, and they don't leave any lasting damage to the soil. These torches are also effective for burning leaf
debris that has fallen into rock ground-cover areas.
Mulch or rock groundcovers are an effective form of weed control, especially in large areas with established weeds. Cut down tall weeds with a mower or string trimmer and then cover the area with a landscaping fabric. The weeds and many of the seeds will die from the sun’s heat, and lack of light and oxygen. A 3-inch layer of mulch or rock on top of the land-scape fabric will clean up the look of the planting area.
In showing our malama for our precious Aina, we should not always go with the cheap and easy fix, but look for alternatives that can be just as effective and efficient and yet sustainable and earth honoring when controlling weeds in the garden.
Christopher McCullough is the President of the Hawaii Island Landscape Associa-tion and a Board Member of the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii, as well as the Head Horticulturist for DFI Resources LLC.
There aren’t any Certified Tree Workers on Kauai – but if Kauai Landscape Industry Council (KLIC) has its way, that will soon change.
KLIC has been working with Kauai Community College (KCC) and class instructors Kevin Eckert and Maureen Murphy to plan a series of classes de-signed to help students prepare for and pass their Certified Tree Worker (CTW) exam. The classes have been scheduled as follows (See below).
All of the classes qualify for the ETF Workforce Development match of 50% for companies located on Kauai. To get ETF assistance, employers should submit the names of their employees who will
be taking the course to WorkWise Kauai. WorkWise will review the request and, if approved, register the employees with Office of Continuing Education and Training (OCET). OCET will then bill WorkWise for half of the tuition and will bill the employer for the other half. For off-island companies wanting to send their employees to the classes, they will need to check with their local island ETF Workforce Development office.
A Certified Tree Worker exam will be scheduled on Kauai shortly after the classes complete for a weekend in September. Details are still being worked out and the date will be posted on the Western Chapter International Society of Arboriculture (WCISA) website at http://wcisa.net/events/ once confirmed.
Please note that Certified Arborists who want to become Certified Tree Workers only take the skills portion of the exam. They do not have to take the written exam.
For more information about the class-es and for the registration application, please visit http://info.kauaicc.hawaii.edu/training/. Registration is by phone or fax at this point as online registration is not yet available.
Completing all four courses is good for 36 PLANET LICT CEUs.
Carol Kwan is the President of Carol Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and a Director of Aloha Arborist Association and of WCISA.
Course Name Date(s)/Time Description Price Instructor
CTW, Part 1 8/13 & 8/15/2013, Covers basic tree anatomy and physiology; tree $375 Maureen Murphy 5 p.m. – 8 p.m. and tree planting, early care, and soil identification; management (Classroom lecture)
CTW, Part 2 8/20 & 8/21/2013, Covers tree pruning concepts and techniques, $375 Maureen Murphy 5 p.m. – 8 p.m. safe work practices, tree climbing practices, and cablingand bracing (Classroom lecture)
CTW, Part 3 8/22 & 8/23/2013, Provides hands-on, practical instruction in climbing, $500 Kevin Eckert 8 a.m. – 5 p.m. including aerial rescue procedures and certification, a prerequisite for taking the CTW exam
CTW, Part 4 8/24/2013, Provides hands-on, practical instruction in aerial $400 Kevin Eckert 8 a.m. – 5 p.m. lift tree care operations, including aerial rescue procedures and certification, a prerequisite for taking the CTW exam
14 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 15THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
protectiNG hawaii’SwaterS By KRISTI GRILHO
PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE
GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM
WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES
BENEFITS NO SLOPING REQUIRED INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN
HOUR ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING WATER HARVESTING OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT UP TO 12 LEED POINTS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERED A BMP COMPLIES WITH NPDES PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING
APPLICATIONS PARKING LOTS RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES SIDEWALKS PLAZAS LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII
WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM
841-7433 C23741
Storm Water PollutionWhen people think of water pollution,
they often picture toxic wastes spilling out from an industrial factory or sewage treatment plant. However, people may be surprised to learn that the biggest con-tributors to water pollution today are not big companies: the biggest contributors are actually us, everyday people in our day to day lives.
While industrial toxic wastes used to be the biggest concern for water quality, they have been regulated since the 1970s. Also, since they come from a “point source” such as pipe outlets, it’s now easier to test and control what pollution leaves a factory and enters our environment.
What is harder to control and is consid-ered the greatest concern for water pollu-tion today is called “nonpoint source” pol-lution, or pollution that comes from many different sources and locations. Most of this pollution is from rain picking up any loose materials or substances that wash off or dissolve as they flow across the ground. Typical examples of this sort of pollution, also known as storm water pollution, range from fallen leaves and other yard waste to oil picked up from stains on the pave-ment to cigarette butts thrown out of a car window. We can all help to control these things. Storm water, along with whatever it picks up, flows along the ground and enters a drainage system through a struc-ture such as a catch basin or grated inlet. The drainage system conveys storm water — pollutants and al l— to streams, which eventually flow into the ocean. Hawaii’s drainage systems are completely separate from its sewer systems, and storm water does not go to a treatment plant before it flows into streams.
Potential Pollutants from Landscaping Maintenance
Because of the kind of work involved, certain businesses are known to produce
more potential pollutants than others. Landscaping maintenance has been identi-fied by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Hawaii State Department of Health as one such business. Landscap-ing activities like mowing, tree trimming, pruning, and leaf blowing can produce loose materials like grass clippings, tree branches, leaves, and dirt that can easily be transported by water. Fertilizers and pesticides, which may also be used as a part of landscaping activities, can wash off with storm water. These items become water pollutants when they are picked up by storm water and carried by the storm drain system into a stream or the ocean.
Such pollutants can have a big nega-tive impact on the environment. As plant material decomposes in water, it uses up oxygen that aquatic life needs. Dirt, also called sediment, can clog fish gills, cloud water, block sunlight needed by aquatic
plants, and smother coral reefs. Excess nutrients from green waste and fertilizers can promote the growth of algae blooms, which block sunlight and reduce oxygen in water. In addition, loose plant material and dirt can block or reduce the capacity of the storm drain system, causing flooding.
How to HelpWhether you’re a professional or week-
end landscaper, you don’t have to be an environmental bad guy. Remember: loose leaves only become storm water pollutants if they are picked up by the rain and carried into the storm drain system. Don’t let this happen.
Landscapers can help to prevent storm water pollution by using best management practices (BMPs) to control potential pol-lutants and keep them from being washed away. Examples of some BMPs follow below.
1. Dispose of or recycle yard waste properly. Compost it, mulch it into fertil-izer, or recycle it through the City. Do not blow or toss leaves or other yard waste into the street, storm drains, or streams. For more information on the City’s recycling program, see http://www.opala.org/solid_waste/what_goes_where_table.html#green.
2. Prevent soil, plant debris, and fallen fruit from leaving the property by sweep-ing up the excess material and disposing of it properly.
3. Plan landscaping with mature plants’ effect on waterways in mind (e.g., fruit trees over streams should be avoided since they can result in decaying organic matter dropping directly into the stream).
4. Consider installing green infrastruc-ture, such as grass pavers that allow water to infiltrate into the ground. For other earth friendly options, see Ideas to Make Your House Greener in the City’s Resource Library at www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com.
5. Schedule mowing, trimming, plant-ing, fertilizer applications, and other
landscaping activities when dry weather and low winds are forecast.
6. Control soil erosion by mulching or planting exposed soil as soon as possible.
7. Maintain and install water efficient irrigation systems to conserve water and to avoid overwatering.
8. Follow the instructions on chemical packaging to avoid overuse of fertilizers and pesticides.
9. Avoid spreading or washing fertilizers onto the sidewalk or roads, where runoff can easily pick up the fertilizers.
10. Practice integrated pest management (IPM), combining limited pesticide use with other pest control techniques to mini-mize economic, health, and environmental risks. For more information, see Integrated Pest Management at http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/pp-05.pdf.
11. Locate stockpiles away from wa-ter courses and drain inlets, and secure material under tarps or plastic sheeting to protect them from the wind or rain.
Because there are so many sources for storm water pollution, it is much harder
to control and regulate than those pipes spewing toxic wastes. It’s up to you, me, and everyone in Hawaii to learn some simple ways to reduce the risk of storm water pollution. It may not seem that keeping leaves from blowing into the drain will help much, but if ten other people also keep their bagful of leaves from floating and decaying in the ocean, we will see that together we can make a difference.
For more information about storm water pollution, other suggested BMPs for landscapers, and ways to volunteer visit the City and County of Honolulu’s website at www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com.
Kristi Grilho, a civil engineer for Belt Collins Hawaii, is assisting the City and County of Honolulu Department of Environ-mental Services in providing targeted groups information about how to reduce pollutants in storm water runoff. Information included in this article is from the City’s Storm Water Best Management Practices for Landscape Maintenance brochure.
ABOvE: Pollutants such as dirt and yard waste can easily be picked up by storm water and carried by the drainage system into streams. RIGHT: Green waste and fertilizers can promote the growth of algae blooms, which block sunlight and reduce oxygen in the water.
14 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 15THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
protectiNG hawaii’SwaterS By KRISTI GRILHO
PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE
GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM
WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES
BENEFITS NO SLOPING REQUIRED INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN
HOUR ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING WATER HARVESTING OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT UP TO 12 LEED POINTS GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERED A BMP COMPLIES WITH NPDES PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING
APPLICATIONS PARKING LOTS RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES SIDEWALKS PLAZAS LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII
WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM
841-7433 C23741
Storm Water PollutionWhen people think of water pollution,
they often picture toxic wastes spilling out from an industrial factory or sewage treatment plant. However, people may be surprised to learn that the biggest con-tributors to water pollution today are not big companies: the biggest contributors are actually us, everyday people in our day to day lives.
While industrial toxic wastes used to be the biggest concern for water quality, they have been regulated since the 1970s. Also, since they come from a “point source” such as pipe outlets, it’s now easier to test and control what pollution leaves a factory and enters our environment.
What is harder to control and is consid-ered the greatest concern for water pollu-tion today is called “nonpoint source” pol-lution, or pollution that comes from many different sources and locations. Most of this pollution is from rain picking up any loose materials or substances that wash off or dissolve as they flow across the ground. Typical examples of this sort of pollution, also known as storm water pollution, range from fallen leaves and other yard waste to oil picked up from stains on the pave-ment to cigarette butts thrown out of a car window. We can all help to control these things. Storm water, along with whatever it picks up, flows along the ground and enters a drainage system through a struc-ture such as a catch basin or grated inlet. The drainage system conveys storm water — pollutants and al l— to streams, which eventually flow into the ocean. Hawaii’s drainage systems are completely separate from its sewer systems, and storm water does not go to a treatment plant before it flows into streams.
Potential Pollutants from Landscaping Maintenance
Because of the kind of work involved, certain businesses are known to produce
more potential pollutants than others. Landscaping maintenance has been identi-fied by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Hawaii State Department of Health as one such business. Landscap-ing activities like mowing, tree trimming, pruning, and leaf blowing can produce loose materials like grass clippings, tree branches, leaves, and dirt that can easily be transported by water. Fertilizers and pesticides, which may also be used as a part of landscaping activities, can wash off with storm water. These items become water pollutants when they are picked up by storm water and carried by the storm drain system into a stream or the ocean.
Such pollutants can have a big nega-tive impact on the environment. As plant material decomposes in water, it uses up oxygen that aquatic life needs. Dirt, also called sediment, can clog fish gills, cloud water, block sunlight needed by aquatic
plants, and smother coral reefs. Excess nutrients from green waste and fertilizers can promote the growth of algae blooms, which block sunlight and reduce oxygen in water. In addition, loose plant material and dirt can block or reduce the capacity of the storm drain system, causing flooding.
How to HelpWhether you’re a professional or week-
end landscaper, you don’t have to be an environmental bad guy. Remember: loose leaves only become storm water pollutants if they are picked up by the rain and carried into the storm drain system. Don’t let this happen.
Landscapers can help to prevent storm water pollution by using best management practices (BMPs) to control potential pol-lutants and keep them from being washed away. Examples of some BMPs follow below.
1. Dispose of or recycle yard waste properly. Compost it, mulch it into fertil-izer, or recycle it through the City. Do not blow or toss leaves or other yard waste into the street, storm drains, or streams. For more information on the City’s recycling program, see http://www.opala.org/solid_waste/what_goes_where_table.html#green.
2. Prevent soil, plant debris, and fallen fruit from leaving the property by sweep-ing up the excess material and disposing of it properly.
3. Plan landscaping with mature plants’ effect on waterways in mind (e.g., fruit trees over streams should be avoided since they can result in decaying organic matter dropping directly into the stream).
4. Consider installing green infrastruc-ture, such as grass pavers that allow water to infiltrate into the ground. For other earth friendly options, see Ideas to Make Your House Greener in the City’s Resource Library at www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com.
5. Schedule mowing, trimming, plant-ing, fertilizer applications, and other
landscaping activities when dry weather and low winds are forecast.
6. Control soil erosion by mulching or planting exposed soil as soon as possible.
7. Maintain and install water efficient irrigation systems to conserve water and to avoid overwatering.
8. Follow the instructions on chemical packaging to avoid overuse of fertilizers and pesticides.
9. Avoid spreading or washing fertilizers onto the sidewalk or roads, where runoff can easily pick up the fertilizers.
10. Practice integrated pest management (IPM), combining limited pesticide use with other pest control techniques to mini-mize economic, health, and environmental risks. For more information, see Integrated Pest Management at http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/pp-05.pdf.
11. Locate stockpiles away from wa-ter courses and drain inlets, and secure material under tarps or plastic sheeting to protect them from the wind or rain.
Because there are so many sources for storm water pollution, it is much harder
to control and regulate than those pipes spewing toxic wastes. It’s up to you, me, and everyone in Hawaii to learn some simple ways to reduce the risk of storm water pollution. It may not seem that keeping leaves from blowing into the drain will help much, but if ten other people also keep their bagful of leaves from floating and decaying in the ocean, we will see that together we can make a difference.
For more information about storm water pollution, other suggested BMPs for landscapers, and ways to volunteer visit the City and County of Honolulu’s website at www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com.
Kristi Grilho, a civil engineer for Belt Collins Hawaii, is assisting the City and County of Honolulu Department of Environ-mental Services in providing targeted groups information about how to reduce pollutants in storm water runoff. Information included in this article is from the City’s Storm Water Best Management Practices for Landscape Maintenance brochure.
ABOvE: Pollutants such as dirt and yard waste can easily be picked up by storm water and carried by the drainage system into streams. RIGHT: Green waste and fertilizers can promote the growth of algae blooms, which block sunlight and reduce oxygen in the water.
16 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Lid project mauNaLua bayreStoratioN
By MARK MOELLER
By RAE DeCOITO
Hawaiiscape.com 17
Photos: MARK MOELLER
ABOvE: The low-height SC-310 and SC-740 chambers manufactured by StormTech allowed for installation in high water table areas. The chambers are lightweight and can easily be carried and installed by two workers. RIGHT: The Windward Community College projects incorporated ADS WQUs (left side) to clean the sediments and oils/greases from storm water flows.
Photos: COURTESy OF MALAMA MAUNALUA
Curb inlet filter installed at Koko Marina Center reduce pollutants from parking lots before they can enter Maunalua Bay.
Malama Maunalua Constructs Best Practices models for Bay Restoration
Mobilizing more than 100 community volunteers, Malama Maunalua this summer completed construction of two
Healthy Watershed Demonstration Sites at Koko Head District Park and Koko Marina Center in East Honolulu to en-courage residents and businesses to help reduce sediment and pollutants that run into Maunalua Bay.
The project organized by Malama Mau-nalua supports the restoration of the Bay, a biological and cultural treasure of Ha-waii that is recognized as one of the most heavily impacted and overfished marine systems in the main Hawaiian Islands.
In simpler times, Maunalua Bay was abundant with fish and coral, inland fishponds and farms and people who lived off and cared for the lands and the waters. Hawaii’s volcanic rocks would provide a natural filtration of water runoff for clean, pure water for our Bays and for our people.
As more roads, driveways, parking lots, buildings, and homes have replaced the natural vegetation of Hawai‘i, the amount of runoff increases. Water cannot penetrate impervious surfaces such as concrete, asphalt, stone, metal, rooftops, and soils compacted by urban develop-ment and water flows into storm drains instead of soaking into the ground.
Sediments also harbor nutrients that cause invasive algae to grow uncontrol-lably. Coral and native algae are easily smothered and outcompeted by the fast-growing invasive algae. Pollutants such as fertilizers, pesticides, and automobile fluids are absorbed by the coral, which further stresses these organisms.
A watershed is a basin area that collects rainfall and drains it into the Bay. Rain gardens keep our watershed healthy by holding and soaking in rain water runoff to remove sediment and pollution and to allow more water to soak into the ground. Rain gardens take advantage of rainfall and storm water runoff in their design and plant selection.
The rain garden constructed at Koko Head District Park in May included grad-ing to create a place where runoff can temporarily pond and soak into the earth so that heavy metals, dirt and pollution can be filtered instead of running unfil-tered through the storm-drain system into the bay, and plantings with native plants and groundcover to reduce water needs, filter runoff and prevent erosion.
June marked the grand opening of an-other Healthy Watershed Demonstration Project at Koko Marina Shopping Center. Visitors can take self-guided tours of six installations highlighting both actions that can be taken in one’s own home as well as options available to public and commercial areas to make “Bay-friendly” choices.
The tour includes three kinds of storm drain and downspout filters that capture everything from heavy metals, oils and grease, to dirt, foliage and litter before they can enter the Bay. Curb inlet filter skimmer baskets, a box inlet grate filter, and a downspout filter help to reduce a variety of pollutants and storm water dis-charge from parking lots. This technology is used to treat commercial and industrial rooftops along with high-rise buildings, parking structures and residential build-ings.
A nearby rain garden features soil mi-croorganisms and plant roots that capture and break down pollutants - landscaped area that captures runoff from an imper-vious surface and allows water to soak into the ground. Soil microorganisms and plant roots capture and break down pollutants, while the now cleaned water soaks further into the water table below.
Existing Bougainvillea hedge at the shopping center was replaced with na-tive ‘A‘ali‘i which is also a very drought tolerant plant. Below the ‘A‘ali‘i, another
Low impact development solutions systems used in Hawaii
There are two fundamental aspects to storm wa-ter management when developing and improving project sights. Both water quality and water quantity
aspects of increased flows from developed sites must be addressed. A simple inter-pretation of Low Impact Development (LID) requirements would be to ensure the post-development quality and quan-tity of storm water is equal to or better than the pre-developed condition.
Water QualityNormally, water quality is addressed
before the quantity (storage) in a managed system. This allows for improved perfor-mance and minimized maintenance of the storage system. Current trends in wa-ter quality reflect a preference for “natu-ral” systems such as infiltration beds, bio-swales, and rain gardens. The challenges with these systems include the need for greater space and poor performance and maintenance histories. Secondary water quality systems that will effectively trap silts, sediments, and hydrocarbons, should these systems fail, should be incor-porated into long-term designs.
Water QuantityThe treated storm water then needs
to be retained (infiltrated) or detained (held on site for controlled release or use). Chamber systems, like those manu-factured by StormTech, are the most economical solution for quantity manage-ment. The chambers stack efficiently on pallets and significantly reduce shipping costs to the Islands and have minimal space requirements on the project site. The open chamber bottom provides for effective infiltration. If a detention (non-infiltrating) system is desired, the use of a thermoplastic liner is an effective means for eliminating infiltration. Although infil-tration systems are preferred and the most common as they recharge the ground wa-ter supply, there are reasons a liner might
be necessary such as the presence of clays or the proximity to slopes and walls.
Often the only space available for underground storage is under parking areas on the site. StormTech chambers are designed to meet all ASTM and AASHTO traffic rated uses.
Hawaii LID projectsThe Joint POW/MIA Accounting Com-
mand (JPAC) project on Hickam AFB (CNIC and NAVFAC) used over 3,000 chambers to address site storm water management needs. The site had a high water table condition so smaller cham-bers were used in the design.
Smaller chambers were also used on the Maui Community College Science Build-ing project. The project is certified LEED Gold and also incorporated a water quali-ty unit (WQU) on the inlet side to address water quality requirements. According to Todd MacFarlane, the installing contrac-tor with F&H Construction, “StormTech not only has a very good product, their support and field communication is excel-lent. The ease of installation and quality
of their support makes for a very produc-tive and profitable installation. It was a pleasure to work with their team.”
Three beds of the larger MC-3500 cham-bers were installed on the Windward Com-munity College project. To address the water quality needs of the sites, ADS water quality units (WQUs) were installed on the upstream end of the systems. Inspected a year after installation, the WQUs were performing very well and the anticipated maintenance interval is over 10 years.
The challenges of meeting LID require-ments to ensure post-development water quality and quantities are comparable to pre-development conditions can be dif-ficult for engineers in itself. Meeting these requirements on the Islands can add to the difficulty with shipping costs and geo-logic considerations. Dozens of project sites in Hawaii, however, have met these requirements using StormTech chambers and ADS water quality systems.
Mark Moeller, PE, is an Engineering Manager for Advanced Drainage Systems. See MALAMA on page 23
16 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Lid project mauNaLua bayreStoratioN
By MARK MOELLER
By RAE DeCOITO
Hawaiiscape.com 17
Photos: MARK MOELLER
ABOvE: The low-height SC-310 and SC-740 chambers manufactured by StormTech allowed for installation in high water table areas. The chambers are lightweight and can easily be carried and installed by two workers. RIGHT: The Windward Community College projects incorporated ADS WQUs (left side) to clean the sediments and oils/greases from storm water flows.
Photos: COURTESy OF MALAMA MAUNALUA
Curb inlet filter installed at Koko Marina Center reduce pollutants from parking lots before they can enter Maunalua Bay.
Malama Maunalua Constructs Best Practices models for Bay Restoration
Mobilizing more than 100 community volunteers, Malama Maunalua this summer completed construction of two
Healthy Watershed Demonstration Sites at Koko Head District Park and Koko Marina Center in East Honolulu to en-courage residents and businesses to help reduce sediment and pollutants that run into Maunalua Bay.
The project organized by Malama Mau-nalua supports the restoration of the Bay, a biological and cultural treasure of Ha-waii that is recognized as one of the most heavily impacted and overfished marine systems in the main Hawaiian Islands.
In simpler times, Maunalua Bay was abundant with fish and coral, inland fishponds and farms and people who lived off and cared for the lands and the waters. Hawaii’s volcanic rocks would provide a natural filtration of water runoff for clean, pure water for our Bays and for our people.
As more roads, driveways, parking lots, buildings, and homes have replaced the natural vegetation of Hawai‘i, the amount of runoff increases. Water cannot penetrate impervious surfaces such as concrete, asphalt, stone, metal, rooftops, and soils compacted by urban develop-ment and water flows into storm drains instead of soaking into the ground.
Sediments also harbor nutrients that cause invasive algae to grow uncontrol-lably. Coral and native algae are easily smothered and outcompeted by the fast-growing invasive algae. Pollutants such as fertilizers, pesticides, and automobile fluids are absorbed by the coral, which further stresses these organisms.
A watershed is a basin area that collects rainfall and drains it into the Bay. Rain gardens keep our watershed healthy by holding and soaking in rain water runoff to remove sediment and pollution and to allow more water to soak into the ground. Rain gardens take advantage of rainfall and storm water runoff in their design and plant selection.
The rain garden constructed at Koko Head District Park in May included grad-ing to create a place where runoff can temporarily pond and soak into the earth so that heavy metals, dirt and pollution can be filtered instead of running unfil-tered through the storm-drain system into the bay, and plantings with native plants and groundcover to reduce water needs, filter runoff and prevent erosion.
June marked the grand opening of an-other Healthy Watershed Demonstration Project at Koko Marina Shopping Center. Visitors can take self-guided tours of six installations highlighting both actions that can be taken in one’s own home as well as options available to public and commercial areas to make “Bay-friendly” choices.
The tour includes three kinds of storm drain and downspout filters that capture everything from heavy metals, oils and grease, to dirt, foliage and litter before they can enter the Bay. Curb inlet filter skimmer baskets, a box inlet grate filter, and a downspout filter help to reduce a variety of pollutants and storm water dis-charge from parking lots. This technology is used to treat commercial and industrial rooftops along with high-rise buildings, parking structures and residential build-ings.
A nearby rain garden features soil mi-croorganisms and plant roots that capture and break down pollutants - landscaped area that captures runoff from an imper-vious surface and allows water to soak into the ground. Soil microorganisms and plant roots capture and break down pollutants, while the now cleaned water soaks further into the water table below.
Existing Bougainvillea hedge at the shopping center was replaced with na-tive ‘A‘ali‘i which is also a very drought tolerant plant. Below the ‘A‘ali‘i, another
Low impact development solutions systems used in Hawaii
There are two fundamental aspects to storm wa-ter management when developing and improving project sights. Both water quality and water quantity
aspects of increased flows from developed sites must be addressed. A simple inter-pretation of Low Impact Development (LID) requirements would be to ensure the post-development quality and quan-tity of storm water is equal to or better than the pre-developed condition.
Water QualityNormally, water quality is addressed
before the quantity (storage) in a managed system. This allows for improved perfor-mance and minimized maintenance of the storage system. Current trends in wa-ter quality reflect a preference for “natu-ral” systems such as infiltration beds, bio-swales, and rain gardens. The challenges with these systems include the need for greater space and poor performance and maintenance histories. Secondary water quality systems that will effectively trap silts, sediments, and hydrocarbons, should these systems fail, should be incor-porated into long-term designs.
Water QuantityThe treated storm water then needs
to be retained (infiltrated) or detained (held on site for controlled release or use). Chamber systems, like those manu-factured by StormTech, are the most economical solution for quantity manage-ment. The chambers stack efficiently on pallets and significantly reduce shipping costs to the Islands and have minimal space requirements on the project site. The open chamber bottom provides for effective infiltration. If a detention (non-infiltrating) system is desired, the use of a thermoplastic liner is an effective means for eliminating infiltration. Although infil-tration systems are preferred and the most common as they recharge the ground wa-ter supply, there are reasons a liner might
be necessary such as the presence of clays or the proximity to slopes and walls.
Often the only space available for underground storage is under parking areas on the site. StormTech chambers are designed to meet all ASTM and AASHTO traffic rated uses.
Hawaii LID projectsThe Joint POW/MIA Accounting Com-
mand (JPAC) project on Hickam AFB (CNIC and NAVFAC) used over 3,000 chambers to address site storm water management needs. The site had a high water table condition so smaller cham-bers were used in the design.
Smaller chambers were also used on the Maui Community College Science Build-ing project. The project is certified LEED Gold and also incorporated a water quali-ty unit (WQU) on the inlet side to address water quality requirements. According to Todd MacFarlane, the installing contrac-tor with F&H Construction, “StormTech not only has a very good product, their support and field communication is excel-lent. The ease of installation and quality
of their support makes for a very produc-tive and profitable installation. It was a pleasure to work with their team.”
Three beds of the larger MC-3500 cham-bers were installed on the Windward Com-munity College project. To address the water quality needs of the sites, ADS water quality units (WQUs) were installed on the upstream end of the systems. Inspected a year after installation, the WQUs were performing very well and the anticipated maintenance interval is over 10 years.
The challenges of meeting LID require-ments to ensure post-development water quality and quantities are comparable to pre-development conditions can be dif-ficult for engineers in itself. Meeting these requirements on the Islands can add to the difficulty with shipping costs and geo-logic considerations. Dozens of project sites in Hawaii, however, have met these requirements using StormTech chambers and ADS water quality systems.
Mark Moeller, PE, is an Engineering Manager for Advanced Drainage Systems. See MALAMA on page 23
18 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 19THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Low impact
EKO Compost is made in Hawaii . It ’s an integral part of theislands ’ ecosystem. It ’s also one of the Founding Members of the
U.S. Composting Council ’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.
You can find EKO Compost at :Maui EKO ’s Plant
Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd . Puunene8 0 8 - 5 7 2 - 8 8 4 4
Hawaii Grower ProductsMaui , Lanai & Molokai : 8 0 8 - 8 7 7 - 6 6 3 6
Big Island : 8 0 8 - 3 2 6 - 7 5 5 5
Pacific Agricultural Sales & ServiceOahu & Kauai : 8 0 8 - 6 8 2 - 5 1 1 3
MadeOn
Maui
C O M P O S T I N GC O U N C I LUS
Seal of Testing Assurance [email protected], Maui
During my 30 plus years as a gardener, landscap-er and horticulturist in Hawaii, I have applied my fair share of agricul-tural chemicals. I recall
early in my career the uneasy feelings I felt applying chemicals such as Malathion, Sevin and a host of other toxins. I never liked the odor, the required personal protective equipment (hot in that stuff) and the drift on me the applicator and on untargeted items. I often felt guilty about my negative impact on our natural envi-ronment, and would regret accidentally spraying a Bee, Ladybug, Praying Mantis, Chameleon or Gecko, knowing that they were beneficial in my battle with the bugs and knowing we should honor all living things.
I also was concerned about and feared the long-term effect of these agricultural chemicals on my health and of those exposed to them as a result of my apply-ing them. Pesticides can cause acute and delayed health effects in workers exposed to them. Pesticide exposure may cause a variety of adverse health effects, ranging from simple irritation of the skin and eyes to more severe effects such as negatively affecting the nervous system, reproduc-tive problems, and cancer. A 2007 study found that “most studies on non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia showed positive associations with pesticide exposure” and thus concluded that cosmetic use of pesti-cides should be decreased. The American Medical Association has recommended limiting exposure to pesticides and using safer alternatives.
Pesticide use also raises a number of environmental concerns. 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species, including non-target species, air, water and soil. Pesticide drift often occurs
when pesticides are carried by wind to other areas, potentially contaminating them. Pesticides are one of the causes of water pollution, and some pesticides con-tribute to soil contamination. In addition, pesticide use reduces biodiversity, reduces nitrogen fixing, contributes to pollinator decline, destroys habitat (especially for birds), and threatens endangered species. Pests often develop a resistance to the pesticide, necessitating a new pesticide.
It was because of this fear of long term negative exposure effects and my desire to honor the ‘Aina that I began to research and develop a program that I could feel good about, which I knew would have the least negative impact on our environ-ment. The following is an Integrated Pest Management program that I now utilize, teach and advise to my friends in the Green Industry. These recommended ag-ricultural chemicals have an Environmen-tal Impact Quota (EIQ) listed with each chemical. EIQ is a method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides. This method was developed by Cornell University and takes into account dermal toxicity, chronic toxicity, systemicity, fish toxicity, leaching potential, surface loss potential, bird toxicity, soil half-life, bee toxicity, beneficial arthropod toxicity, and plant surface half-life.
A lower EIQ number indicates less potential damage to our precious ‘Aina. I try to utilize agricultural chemicals with an EIQ of 30 or less. For more informa-tion on EIQ, please see the Cornell EIQ website www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publica-tions/eiq
Insecticides ■ AZATROL – LIQUID APPLICA-
TION RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Azadirachtin EIQ 12 (OMRI listed) For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly, Scale And Mites
■ CONSERVE SC – LIQUID APPLI-CATION RATE: 0.1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Spinosad EIQ 14 For control of Thrips, foliage feeding larvae
■ DISTANCE – LIQUID APPLICA-TION RATE: 0.1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Pyriproxyfen EIQ 15 For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, And Whitefly
■ DIPEL – WETTABLE POWDER APPLICATION RATE: 2 TSP. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Bacillus Thuringiensis EIQ 15 For control of chewing type insects (Looper Larvae, Japanese Beetle and caterpillars)
■ M-PEDE – LIQUID APPLICATION RATE: 1 OZ - 2.5 OZ. PER GALLON (use lower rate in times of high humidity) Active ingredient: Potassium salts of fatty acids EIQ 20 For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, Whitefly
■ EVERGREEN – LIQUID APPLICA-TION RATE: 2 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Pyrethrin 6% Piperonyl Butoxide 60% EIQ 21 For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly (Caution, can be harmful to predatory insects)
■ ULTRA FINE OIL APPLICATION RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Paraffinic Oil EIQ 30 For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly, Soft Scale, Sooty Mold
Molluscicides ■ DEADLINE – GRANULES APPLI-
CATION RATE: ½ to 2 LB. PER 1,000 SQ. FT. Active ingredient: Metaldehyde EIQ 12 For control of Snails And Slugs
Herbicides ■ SCYTHE – LIQUID APPLICATION
RATE: 4 - 8 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Pelargonic Acid EIQ 17 For control of all grasses and broadleaf weeds (this product is a fatty acid based non-selective, contact herbicide. Effective on weeds 6 inches and smaller
■ SEDGE HAMMER – LIQUID APPLICATION RATE: 0.9 GRAM PER GALLON Active ingredient: Halosulfuron-Methyl EIQ 20 For control of sedges (Kylinga, Yellow And Purple Nut Sedge)
■ TRIMEC SOUTHERN – LIQUID APPLICATION RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredients: Dimethylamine Salt of Propionic Acid 17%, Dimethylamine Salt of Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid 19%, Di-methylamine Salt of Dicamba 4% EIQ 18 For control of broadleaf weeds in turf
Fungicides ■ HERITAGE – WETTABLE POW-
DER APPLICATION RATE: 0.02 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Azoxystrobin EIQ 27 Long-lasting broad-spectrum preventa-tive fungicide
As with all agricultural chemicals fol-
low label instructions and wear personal protective equipment (although you will find with the above chemicals you will be required to wear less PPE, a distinct advantage when working in warm and humid Hawaii). Through my experience I have found these products to be efficient, effective and affordable. My clients love the fact that there landscape is being maintained in a “green way”. It is safer for the applicator, clients and their children and pets, beneficial insects, birds and fish in the garden. In my mind the “green way’ is the best way. I now know that I am doing all I can to respect our environ-ment and be conscious of all living things (except in eliminating the buggers, but balance in all things). Try these low im-pact agricultural chemicals if you are not already utilizing them, I am certain you see good results and know that you’re doing your part to be “green” as well.
Christopher McCullough is the President of the Hawaii Island Landscape Associa-tion and a Board Member of the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii, as well as the Head Horticulturist for DFI Resources LLC.
“Green” agricultural chemical alternatives that workBy CHRISTOPHER McCULLOUGH
Photos: CHRISTOPHER McCULLOUGH
Would choose a golf course more often if they used low impact agricultural chemicals?
18 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 19THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Low impact
EKO Compost is made in Hawaii . It ’s an integral part of theislands ’ ecosystem. It ’s also one of the Founding Members of the
U.S. Composting Council ’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.
You can find EKO Compost at :Maui EKO ’s Plant
Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd . Puunene8 0 8 - 5 7 2 - 8 8 4 4
Hawaii Grower ProductsMaui , Lanai & Molokai : 8 0 8 - 8 7 7 - 6 6 3 6
Big Island : 8 0 8 - 3 2 6 - 7 5 5 5
Pacific Agricultural Sales & ServiceOahu & Kauai : 8 0 8 - 6 8 2 - 5 1 1 3
MadeOn
Maui
C O M P O S T I N GC O U N C I LUS
Seal of Testing Assurance [email protected], Maui
During my 30 plus years as a gardener, landscap-er and horticulturist in Hawaii, I have applied my fair share of agricul-tural chemicals. I recall
early in my career the uneasy feelings I felt applying chemicals such as Malathion, Sevin and a host of other toxins. I never liked the odor, the required personal protective equipment (hot in that stuff) and the drift on me the applicator and on untargeted items. I often felt guilty about my negative impact on our natural envi-ronment, and would regret accidentally spraying a Bee, Ladybug, Praying Mantis, Chameleon or Gecko, knowing that they were beneficial in my battle with the bugs and knowing we should honor all living things.
I also was concerned about and feared the long-term effect of these agricultural chemicals on my health and of those exposed to them as a result of my apply-ing them. Pesticides can cause acute and delayed health effects in workers exposed to them. Pesticide exposure may cause a variety of adverse health effects, ranging from simple irritation of the skin and eyes to more severe effects such as negatively affecting the nervous system, reproduc-tive problems, and cancer. A 2007 study found that “most studies on non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia showed positive associations with pesticide exposure” and thus concluded that cosmetic use of pesti-cides should be decreased. The American Medical Association has recommended limiting exposure to pesticides and using safer alternatives.
Pesticide use also raises a number of environmental concerns. 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species, including non-target species, air, water and soil. Pesticide drift often occurs
when pesticides are carried by wind to other areas, potentially contaminating them. Pesticides are one of the causes of water pollution, and some pesticides con-tribute to soil contamination. In addition, pesticide use reduces biodiversity, reduces nitrogen fixing, contributes to pollinator decline, destroys habitat (especially for birds), and threatens endangered species. Pests often develop a resistance to the pesticide, necessitating a new pesticide.
It was because of this fear of long term negative exposure effects and my desire to honor the ‘Aina that I began to research and develop a program that I could feel good about, which I knew would have the least negative impact on our environ-ment. The following is an Integrated Pest Management program that I now utilize, teach and advise to my friends in the Green Industry. These recommended ag-ricultural chemicals have an Environmen-tal Impact Quota (EIQ) listed with each chemical. EIQ is a method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides. This method was developed by Cornell University and takes into account dermal toxicity, chronic toxicity, systemicity, fish toxicity, leaching potential, surface loss potential, bird toxicity, soil half-life, bee toxicity, beneficial arthropod toxicity, and plant surface half-life.
A lower EIQ number indicates less potential damage to our precious ‘Aina. I try to utilize agricultural chemicals with an EIQ of 30 or less. For more informa-tion on EIQ, please see the Cornell EIQ website www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publica-tions/eiq
Insecticides ■ AZATROL – LIQUID APPLICA-
TION RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Azadirachtin EIQ 12 (OMRI listed) For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly, Scale And Mites
■ CONSERVE SC – LIQUID APPLI-CATION RATE: 0.1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Spinosad EIQ 14 For control of Thrips, foliage feeding larvae
■ DISTANCE – LIQUID APPLICA-TION RATE: 0.1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Pyriproxyfen EIQ 15 For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, And Whitefly
■ DIPEL – WETTABLE POWDER APPLICATION RATE: 2 TSP. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Bacillus Thuringiensis EIQ 15 For control of chewing type insects (Looper Larvae, Japanese Beetle and caterpillars)
■ M-PEDE – LIQUID APPLICATION RATE: 1 OZ - 2.5 OZ. PER GALLON (use lower rate in times of high humidity) Active ingredient: Potassium salts of fatty acids EIQ 20 For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, Whitefly
■ EVERGREEN – LIQUID APPLICA-TION RATE: 2 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Pyrethrin 6% Piperonyl Butoxide 60% EIQ 21 For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly (Caution, can be harmful to predatory insects)
■ ULTRA FINE OIL APPLICATION RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Paraffinic Oil EIQ 30 For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly, Soft Scale, Sooty Mold
Molluscicides ■ DEADLINE – GRANULES APPLI-
CATION RATE: ½ to 2 LB. PER 1,000 SQ. FT. Active ingredient: Metaldehyde EIQ 12 For control of Snails And Slugs
Herbicides ■ SCYTHE – LIQUID APPLICATION
RATE: 4 - 8 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Pelargonic Acid EIQ 17 For control of all grasses and broadleaf weeds (this product is a fatty acid based non-selective, contact herbicide. Effective on weeds 6 inches and smaller
■ SEDGE HAMMER – LIQUID APPLICATION RATE: 0.9 GRAM PER GALLON Active ingredient: Halosulfuron-Methyl EIQ 20 For control of sedges (Kylinga, Yellow And Purple Nut Sedge)
■ TRIMEC SOUTHERN – LIQUID APPLICATION RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredients: Dimethylamine Salt of Propionic Acid 17%, Dimethylamine Salt of Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid 19%, Di-methylamine Salt of Dicamba 4% EIQ 18 For control of broadleaf weeds in turf
Fungicides ■ HERITAGE – WETTABLE POW-
DER APPLICATION RATE: 0.02 OZ. PER GALLON Active ingredient: Azoxystrobin EIQ 27 Long-lasting broad-spectrum preventa-tive fungicide
As with all agricultural chemicals fol-
low label instructions and wear personal protective equipment (although you will find with the above chemicals you will be required to wear less PPE, a distinct advantage when working in warm and humid Hawaii). Through my experience I have found these products to be efficient, effective and affordable. My clients love the fact that there landscape is being maintained in a “green way”. It is safer for the applicator, clients and their children and pets, beneficial insects, birds and fish in the garden. In my mind the “green way’ is the best way. I now know that I am doing all I can to respect our environ-ment and be conscious of all living things (except in eliminating the buggers, but balance in all things). Try these low im-pact agricultural chemicals if you are not already utilizing them, I am certain you see good results and know that you’re doing your part to be “green” as well.
Christopher McCullough is the President of the Hawaii Island Landscape Associa-tion and a Board Member of the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii, as well as the Head Horticulturist for DFI Resources LLC.
“Green” agricultural chemical alternatives that workBy CHRISTOPHER McCULLOUGH
Photos: CHRISTOPHER McCULLOUGH
Would choose a golf course more often if they used low impact agricultural chemicals?
20 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
thedirty
Hawaiiscape.com 21
• Specimen Trees in Boxes• Fruiting Trees• Palms• Topiaries• everything else
in Kona329-5702
Originally designed for the agriculture market, it had a limita-tion of a minimum a 20’ radius. Since then, Hunter purchased the copyright and they have since expanded these to include a range from 10’ to 35’. At the same time, Rain Bird, Toro and a host of others have come up with similar nozzles with similar efficiencies.
A few years later, Rain Bird started making some improve-ments to their spray nozzles, to include the U-Series nozzles, which improved the short range (5’ to 15’ radius) nozzles into the 70% efficiency range. Then two years ago, Toro brought out an even more efficient nozzle with their precision series nozzles, which operate at up to 80% efficiency, and in recent months Rain Bird introduced their new HE VAN series high efficiency nozzles with similar efficiency.
Typically drip irrigation is generally considered to be 85 to 95% efficient, but it is critical that it be installed properly to obtain this efficiency. We’ve seen too many drip systems prove to be very inefficient due to careless installation. Spacing and depth of cover needs to be uniform. When installed below the root zone, especially in well-drained soils, very little water moves upwards to feed the roots. Ideally drip will be installed on-grade and covered with mulch to obtain optimum efficiency.T
o properly program an irrigation controller, especially with “smart controllers” you need to know several important factors. These include the
evapotranspiration (ET) rate of the area, the plant type, the soil type, slope, the precipitation rate of the emitter (sprinkler or drip) and the efficiency of that emitter component.
We’ve talked about ET in the past and in the past, which has been difficult to ob-tain for Hawaii. The good news is that the old Pan Evaporation Report R74 (1894-1983) is now available on line at http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/cwrm/publishedreports/R74_PanEvap.pdf and an up-dated study is scheduled to be available on line later this year that will be interactive. When released, this data will be similar to the excellent interactive rainfall data current-ly on-line at http://rainfall.geography.ha-waii.edu/interactivemap.html while over due, these are proving to be great tools for every landscape designer in Hawaii.
The exact water demands of the various plant material in Hawaii is still an issue that needs to be refined, but the ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) along with numer-ous private and public studies are doing more research in landscape plants and is also scheduled for release later this year.
Fortunately, soils and slope conditions have been studied for centuries and we have a good grasp on how irrigation inter-acts with the various soil types and slopes. On-going studies will only enhance our knowledge of these factors.
The precipitation rate (Pr) of sprinklers can be calculated using the formula Pr = 96.3 x Gallons per minute (GPM)/Area for any type of emitter. Manufacturers have also listed the precipitation rate of their equipment in catalogs for over 50
years, however this information should be used with caution. They usually list the precipitation rate using exact head-to-head coverage with square or triangular spacing. In the field however it’s rare that you actually end up with spacing that precise? Using the formula noted above is the preferred method to calculate the precipitation rate in any design.
Example: At precise head to head triangular spacing a 5 GPM rotor at 30’ triangular spacing has a precipitation rate of 0.618”/hour. However, if the same sprin-kler is spaced at 30’ x 32’ the precipitation rate decreases to 0.546”/hour, or 12% less.
Perhaps the least known factor is the irrigation efficiency of the various sprinkler types. For decades, this has been the dirty secret that many manufacturers didn’t publish. In the early 1990’s the golf industry started to demand this informa-tion and we started seeing testing done by both the manufacturers and independent
agencies primarily for golf equipment. As a result, we saw golf rotors improve from 60% or less to the mid-80% level by the late 1990’s. Today, most landscape rotors operate in the 65 to 75%.
Smaller landscape turf rotors also improved over time and the indepen-dent testing was expanded to include these components by the late 1990’s. As a result, we saw manufacturers quickly discontinue inefficient models in favor of sprinklers with higher efficiencies.
However spray nozzles had been the one area where little had been done to improve the efficiency. For years these remained in the 45 to 55% range and despite being the most commonly used component in any system, no one called for changes. About 10 years ago, a little-known company called Walla Walla invented the now famous MP Rotator nozzle, which suddenly improved the short-radius nozzle to the 80% range.
Love it or hate it, water conservation or sustainability pro-grams such as LEED, WaterSense and other are catching on and are placing a greater demand on manufacturers to provide even higher efficiencies in emitter performance. This will prove to be a huge benefit not only in water conservation, but will also improve the conditions of our landscapes in the future.
Mr. Schildknecht has worked in the field of landscape and golf irrigation design and consultation for more than 42 years. Almost 30 of those years were spent as an independent irriga-tion consulting working with clients on numerous projects throughout the United States and 27 different countries around the world.
Recognizing the need for increased water conservation, Mr. Schildknecht has recently joined the Water Conservation team at Pacific Pipe, Co in Pearl City as Business Development Manager, in order to work closer with the architects, contractors and end users within Hawaii.
The following is a summary of average efficiency for various sprinkler components used in today’s landscapes;
Component Type Estimated Average (General) Efficiency
Drip Irrigation installed at 85% to 90% grade or below mulch
Rotator Type Nozzles 75% to 80% (MP Rotator or equal)
Precision or HE Van Nozzles 70% to 75%
U-Series Nozzles or Equal 65% to 70%
Conventional Spray Nozzles 45% to 60%
Rotors (PGP, 5500, etc.) 70% to 85%
Athletic and Golf type Rotors 85% to 90%
note: Efficiency is industry averages only and could vary on a case-by-case basis.
Rotors had been the most efficient sprinkler for decades, but now the other sprinklers are catching up.
By ALLAn SCHILDKnECHT
Secret
20 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
thedirty
Hawaiiscape.com 21
• Specimen Trees in Boxes• Fruiting Trees• Palms• Topiaries• everything else
in Kona329-5702
Originally designed for the agriculture market, it had a limita-tion of a minimum a 20’ radius. Since then, Hunter purchased the copyright and they have since expanded these to include a range from 10’ to 35’. At the same time, Rain Bird, Toro and a host of others have come up with similar nozzles with similar efficiencies.
A few years later, Rain Bird started making some improve-ments to their spray nozzles, to include the U-Series nozzles, which improved the short range (5’ to 15’ radius) nozzles into the 70% efficiency range. Then two years ago, Toro brought out an even more efficient nozzle with their precision series nozzles, which operate at up to 80% efficiency, and in recent months Rain Bird introduced their new HE VAN series high efficiency nozzles with similar efficiency.
Typically drip irrigation is generally considered to be 85 to 95% efficient, but it is critical that it be installed properly to obtain this efficiency. We’ve seen too many drip systems prove to be very inefficient due to careless installation. Spacing and depth of cover needs to be uniform. When installed below the root zone, especially in well-drained soils, very little water moves upwards to feed the roots. Ideally drip will be installed on-grade and covered with mulch to obtain optimum efficiency.T
o properly program an irrigation controller, especially with “smart controllers” you need to know several important factors. These include the
evapotranspiration (ET) rate of the area, the plant type, the soil type, slope, the precipitation rate of the emitter (sprinkler or drip) and the efficiency of that emitter component.
We’ve talked about ET in the past and in the past, which has been difficult to ob-tain for Hawaii. The good news is that the old Pan Evaporation Report R74 (1894-1983) is now available on line at http://hawaii.gov/dlnr/cwrm/publishedreports/R74_PanEvap.pdf and an up-dated study is scheduled to be available on line later this year that will be interactive. When released, this data will be similar to the excellent interactive rainfall data current-ly on-line at http://rainfall.geography.ha-waii.edu/interactivemap.html while over due, these are proving to be great tools for every landscape designer in Hawaii.
The exact water demands of the various plant material in Hawaii is still an issue that needs to be refined, but the ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) along with numer-ous private and public studies are doing more research in landscape plants and is also scheduled for release later this year.
Fortunately, soils and slope conditions have been studied for centuries and we have a good grasp on how irrigation inter-acts with the various soil types and slopes. On-going studies will only enhance our knowledge of these factors.
The precipitation rate (Pr) of sprinklers can be calculated using the formula Pr = 96.3 x Gallons per minute (GPM)/Area for any type of emitter. Manufacturers have also listed the precipitation rate of their equipment in catalogs for over 50
years, however this information should be used with caution. They usually list the precipitation rate using exact head-to-head coverage with square or triangular spacing. In the field however it’s rare that you actually end up with spacing that precise? Using the formula noted above is the preferred method to calculate the precipitation rate in any design.
Example: At precise head to head triangular spacing a 5 GPM rotor at 30’ triangular spacing has a precipitation rate of 0.618”/hour. However, if the same sprin-kler is spaced at 30’ x 32’ the precipitation rate decreases to 0.546”/hour, or 12% less.
Perhaps the least known factor is the irrigation efficiency of the various sprinkler types. For decades, this has been the dirty secret that many manufacturers didn’t publish. In the early 1990’s the golf industry started to demand this informa-tion and we started seeing testing done by both the manufacturers and independent
agencies primarily for golf equipment. As a result, we saw golf rotors improve from 60% or less to the mid-80% level by the late 1990’s. Today, most landscape rotors operate in the 65 to 75%.
Smaller landscape turf rotors also improved over time and the indepen-dent testing was expanded to include these components by the late 1990’s. As a result, we saw manufacturers quickly discontinue inefficient models in favor of sprinklers with higher efficiencies.
However spray nozzles had been the one area where little had been done to improve the efficiency. For years these remained in the 45 to 55% range and despite being the most commonly used component in any system, no one called for changes. About 10 years ago, a little-known company called Walla Walla invented the now famous MP Rotator nozzle, which suddenly improved the short-radius nozzle to the 80% range.
Love it or hate it, water conservation or sustainability pro-grams such as LEED, WaterSense and other are catching on and are placing a greater demand on manufacturers to provide even higher efficiencies in emitter performance. This will prove to be a huge benefit not only in water conservation, but will also improve the conditions of our landscapes in the future.
Mr. Schildknecht has worked in the field of landscape and golf irrigation design and consultation for more than 42 years. Almost 30 of those years were spent as an independent irriga-tion consulting working with clients on numerous projects throughout the United States and 27 different countries around the world.
Recognizing the need for increased water conservation, Mr. Schildknecht has recently joined the Water Conservation team at Pacific Pipe, Co in Pearl City as Business Development Manager, in order to work closer with the architects, contractors and end users within Hawaii.
The following is a summary of average efficiency for various sprinkler components used in today’s landscapes;
Component Type Estimated Average (General) Efficiency
Drip Irrigation installed at 85% to 90% grade or below mulch
Rotator Type Nozzles 75% to 80% (MP Rotator or equal)
Precision or HE Van Nozzles 70% to 75%
U-Series Nozzles or Equal 65% to 70%
Conventional Spray Nozzles 45% to 60%
Rotors (PGP, 5500, etc.) 70% to 85%
Athletic and Golf type Rotors 85% to 90%
note: Efficiency is industry averages only and could vary on a case-by-case basis.
Rotors had been the most efficient sprinkler for decades, but now the other sprinklers are catching up.
By ALLAn SCHILDKnECHT
Secret
22 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 23THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
yeLLowpitaya:
the beSt fruit you've Never had
The Yellow Pitaya, Seleni-cereus megalanthus, an uncommon relative of the better-known Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.), may be one of the best-kept
secrets in the world of tropical fruit. Origi-nating in the forests of Tropical America, both the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus are known as hemiepiphytes, vining cacti which naturally grow on trees and rocks, absorbing water via both roots anchored in the ground and adventitious roots that develop along their slender ribbed stems and attach to natural supports. Edible fruits of several Hylocereus species and Selenicereus megalanthus are all known in Latin America as either “pitaya” or “pi-tahaya.” In the U.S. the term Dragon Fruit is typically used to describe the bright red and pink Hylocereus fruits which are becoming ever more common, while the yellow-skinned S. megalanthus remains relatively unknown and is locally referred to as Yellow Pitaya to differentiate it from the Dragon Fruits.
Yellow Pitaya is originally native to Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. The fruit is technically an oblong berry that can grow to about 4 inches long, with a yellow peel bearing thorns (unlike Dragon
Fruits) that are shed and easily brushed off when ripe. Dragon Fruits, most common being the white fleshed Hylocereus undatus, may be excit-
ing to look at with their brightly colored reddish pink flaming
exterior, but if you’re like me you might find the bland flavor of the pulp to be quite underwhelming, especially compared to the appear-ance of the exterior. Yellow Pitaya, on the other hand, is amazing in comparison. The bluish-white pulp within is semi-translucent, juicy and
very sweet with numerous small edible black seeds. It re-
minds me of eating the best Kiwi
Fruit that I’ve ever had, minus the tartness, and a lot juicier. The flavor is sublime and has a wide appeal that just about anyone can appreciate.
There has been considerable confu-sion concerning the taxonomy of this very special cactus. In 1909 Nathaniel Britton and Joseph Rose described the genus Sele-nicereus, deriving the name from the Greek moon goddess, Selene, referring to the night-blooming flowers. Selenicereus, along with Epiphyllum, Hylocereus, and Weberocer-eus together make up a group of mostly epi-phytic vining cacti collectively know as the Night-Blooming Hylocereoid Cacti. The genus Selenicereus consists of about 20 to 30 species depending on whose taxonomy you trust, but we are concerned only with the unique S. megalanthus, which has quite a distinct taxonomic history of its own.
First described in 1913 as Cereus mega-lanthus K. Schumann ex Vaupel, it was subsequently recognized that the species bore morphological traits reminiscent of both Hylocereus species and Selenice-reus species and reclassified by Britton and Rose (1920) into a new genus named Mediocactus, implying an intermediate morphological and taxonomic status. In 1953 the Yellow Pitaya became Selenicereus megalanthus (K. Schum. exVaupel) Moran, which is today the most commonly ac-cepted botanical name (although genetic and cytological studies have shown that it was in fact produced originally through the result of natural intergeneric hybrid-ization between a wild Hylocereus species and Selenicereus species).
Currently Colombia is the world’s primary commercial producer of Yellow Pitaya, where it has been grown since the early 1980s. The fruits are exported mainly to France, Holland, and Spain, but also to Japan, Germany, Switzerland, UK, and Bra-zil. In Colombia the production of Yellow Pitaya takes place mostly by coffee grow-ers at altitudes between 1,490 meters and 1,700 meters, although it can also be found at some lower elevations as well. During the 1990s several pioneering Israeli research-
ers began studies on different Hylocerioid cacti cultivation with the aim of develop-ing an Israeli export market for cactus fruits. Because the Yelow Pitaya had been previously cultivated almost exclusively in Colombia, not much information existed on growing requirements outside of the country. They found that growing Yellow Pitaya in the Negev desert of Israel requires up to 60% shade to produce optimal results, far more than needed for similarly tested Hylocereus species.
As with all hylocereoid cacti, S. megalan-thus has hermaphroditic, nocturnal flow-ers up to 12 inches long, and under natural growing conditions Yellow Pitaya flowers are pollinated by bats and hawkmoths. Day length has no effect on flowering and reproductive flushes seem to appear throughout the year depending on eleva-tion and weather. Flowers open for only one night, beginning to open just before sunset, are fully open by sunset, then be-gin to close a little after sunrise, being fully closed by midday. Unlike many Hylocereus species, the upper part of the anthers are at the same height as the stigma, touching it when the flowers are closed resulting in automatic self-pollination, though mul-
tiple studies and observations have shown that cross pollination or hand self-polli-nation produces fruits which are about twice the size compared to automatic self-pollination. Thus, even though Yellow Pitaya is self-compatible, in the absence of good pollinators, the flowers can be hand pollinated for larger seed set and resulting larger fruits.
Yellow Pitaya was first introduced to Hawai‘i through UH by Dr. Richard Ham-ilton in 1986. Today it is still grown by very few people in the state commercially. Although the possibility for it to escape cultivation exists (e.g. naturalize), this has never been reported as happening, unlike some of the Hylocereus species. Nonethe-less, plants should be watched and pre-vented from growing uncontrolled into natural areas nearby. On O‘ahu, Frankie’s Nursery (259-8737) in Waimanalo sells rooted cuttings and fruit, and has it growing on chainlink fence in a few areas of his property. On Hawai‘i Island it is cultivated by several growers, including at Ninole Orchard on the Hamakua coast around 500 feet in altitude. That grower utilizes parallel rows of hogwire fence similar to how grapes are grown, and the
plants thrive even with average rainfall of over 140 inches a year. Over in the S. Kona area around 1000 feet in elevation, Ken Love ([email protected]) grows his plants along rock walls and finds that, like with many orchids, the Yellow Pitaya flourishes when left alone. Fruits and cuttings are offered at the Kona farmer’s market. Lastly, Brad Hunter (936-3433), also in S. Kona, is growing Yellow Pitaya along with many other Hylocereoid cacti and, most exciting of all, has been breeding and crossing them for years to produce new cultivars and hybrids. He sells both cuttings and fruit at the Keahou farmer’s market every Saturday.
With its low water requirements, deli-cious flavor, and long harvest season, Yellow Pitaya could be the next big thing in Hawai‘i, but only time will tell if this promising fruit will become a familiar addition to the Hawaiian fruit repertoire, and not just another “ultra-exotic” rare obscurity.
Adam M. Williams is an avid gardener, native plant advocate, and tropical fruit enthusiast.
drought tolerant native ground cover Akulikuli was planted to help retain soil during rain storms. Once established, these plants would not need to be wa-tered except in cases of severe drought.
These best practices projects are part of a $59,000 grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to help restore urban waters, support community revitalization and pro-tect community health. EPA’s Urban Waters program supports the goals and principles of the Urban Waters Federal Partnership, a partnership of 12 federal agencies working to reconnect urban communities with their waterways.
The health and ecology of Maunalua Bay in Hawaii Kai has been severely im-pacted by the effects of urban develop-ment and population growth during the last 50 years. The goal of the Malama Maunalua project is to reduce polluted runoff to Maunalua Bay from more than 20,000 households and six major commercial centers in the region by increasing awareness and influence the behavior of residents, visitors and bay
and cosponsored by Hawaii County De-partment of Research and Development, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture, and the University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources (CTAHR) and CTAHR Coop-erative Extension Service and the United States Department of Agriculture.
We do hope that many of you who are active in the Hawaii floriculture industry can attend this educational and beautiful event where the center of discussion is the many flowers, plants, and personalities that make our industry what it is today. You may view the full schedule of events and register on our website, www.hena.org or contact the HENA office at [email protected] or 808-969-2088 phone & fax.
Robert Stearns is owner/operator of Leilani Palms and Foliage, specializing in Falcifera palms. He is past President and currently sits on the Board of the Hawaii Export Nursery Association (HENA). He also is a Director for the Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association (HFNA).
MiDPAcMALAMAContinued from page 11Continued from page 17
users about the threats to the bay and the need for restoration.
Community partners such as the City & County of Honolulu and dozens of volunteers have been instrumental in making these projects a reality. Malama Maunalua also enjoys the support of more than 5,000 community members and students who have participated in the organization’s The Great Huki cleanup of invasive alien algae in the Bay and watershed management activities over the past five years.
Mālama Maunalua is a 501(c)(3) community-based non-profit steward-ship organization created to conserve and restore a healthy and productive Maunalua Bay by informing, engaging and empowering the community and by forming strong partnerships. The Mau-nalua region is in urban Southeast O‘ahu stretching from Koko Head (Kawaihoa) to Black Point (Kupikipiki‘o) and to the summit of the Ko‘olau Mountains. The region is approximately 28 square miles in size and has nearly eight miles of shoreline fronting Maunalua Bay.
Rae DeCoito is the Executive Director of Malama Maunalua.
ADAM M. WILLIAMS
FRUITlow hanging
22 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 23THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
yeLLowpitaya:
the beSt fruit you've Never had
The Yellow Pitaya, Seleni-cereus megalanthus, an uncommon relative of the better-known Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.), may be one of the best-kept
secrets in the world of tropical fruit. Origi-nating in the forests of Tropical America, both the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus are known as hemiepiphytes, vining cacti which naturally grow on trees and rocks, absorbing water via both roots anchored in the ground and adventitious roots that develop along their slender ribbed stems and attach to natural supports. Edible fruits of several Hylocereus species and Selenicereus megalanthus are all known in Latin America as either “pitaya” or “pi-tahaya.” In the U.S. the term Dragon Fruit is typically used to describe the bright red and pink Hylocereus fruits which are becoming ever more common, while the yellow-skinned S. megalanthus remains relatively unknown and is locally referred to as Yellow Pitaya to differentiate it from the Dragon Fruits.
Yellow Pitaya is originally native to Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. The fruit is technically an oblong berry that can grow to about 4 inches long, with a yellow peel bearing thorns (unlike Dragon
Fruits) that are shed and easily brushed off when ripe. Dragon Fruits, most common being the white fleshed Hylocereus undatus, may be excit-
ing to look at with their brightly colored reddish pink flaming
exterior, but if you’re like me you might find the bland flavor of the pulp to be quite underwhelming, especially compared to the appear-ance of the exterior. Yellow Pitaya, on the other hand, is amazing in comparison. The bluish-white pulp within is semi-translucent, juicy and
very sweet with numerous small edible black seeds. It re-
minds me of eating the best Kiwi
Fruit that I’ve ever had, minus the tartness, and a lot juicier. The flavor is sublime and has a wide appeal that just about anyone can appreciate.
There has been considerable confu-sion concerning the taxonomy of this very special cactus. In 1909 Nathaniel Britton and Joseph Rose described the genus Sele-nicereus, deriving the name from the Greek moon goddess, Selene, referring to the night-blooming flowers. Selenicereus, along with Epiphyllum, Hylocereus, and Weberocer-eus together make up a group of mostly epi-phytic vining cacti collectively know as the Night-Blooming Hylocereoid Cacti. The genus Selenicereus consists of about 20 to 30 species depending on whose taxonomy you trust, but we are concerned only with the unique S. megalanthus, which has quite a distinct taxonomic history of its own.
First described in 1913 as Cereus mega-lanthus K. Schumann ex Vaupel, it was subsequently recognized that the species bore morphological traits reminiscent of both Hylocereus species and Selenice-reus species and reclassified by Britton and Rose (1920) into a new genus named Mediocactus, implying an intermediate morphological and taxonomic status. In 1953 the Yellow Pitaya became Selenicereus megalanthus (K. Schum. exVaupel) Moran, which is today the most commonly ac-cepted botanical name (although genetic and cytological studies have shown that it was in fact produced originally through the result of natural intergeneric hybrid-ization between a wild Hylocereus species and Selenicereus species).
Currently Colombia is the world’s primary commercial producer of Yellow Pitaya, where it has been grown since the early 1980s. The fruits are exported mainly to France, Holland, and Spain, but also to Japan, Germany, Switzerland, UK, and Bra-zil. In Colombia the production of Yellow Pitaya takes place mostly by coffee grow-ers at altitudes between 1,490 meters and 1,700 meters, although it can also be found at some lower elevations as well. During the 1990s several pioneering Israeli research-
ers began studies on different Hylocerioid cacti cultivation with the aim of develop-ing an Israeli export market for cactus fruits. Because the Yelow Pitaya had been previously cultivated almost exclusively in Colombia, not much information existed on growing requirements outside of the country. They found that growing Yellow Pitaya in the Negev desert of Israel requires up to 60% shade to produce optimal results, far more than needed for similarly tested Hylocereus species.
As with all hylocereoid cacti, S. megalan-thus has hermaphroditic, nocturnal flow-ers up to 12 inches long, and under natural growing conditions Yellow Pitaya flowers are pollinated by bats and hawkmoths. Day length has no effect on flowering and reproductive flushes seem to appear throughout the year depending on eleva-tion and weather. Flowers open for only one night, beginning to open just before sunset, are fully open by sunset, then be-gin to close a little after sunrise, being fully closed by midday. Unlike many Hylocereus species, the upper part of the anthers are at the same height as the stigma, touching it when the flowers are closed resulting in automatic self-pollination, though mul-
tiple studies and observations have shown that cross pollination or hand self-polli-nation produces fruits which are about twice the size compared to automatic self-pollination. Thus, even though Yellow Pitaya is self-compatible, in the absence of good pollinators, the flowers can be hand pollinated for larger seed set and resulting larger fruits.
Yellow Pitaya was first introduced to Hawai‘i through UH by Dr. Richard Ham-ilton in 1986. Today it is still grown by very few people in the state commercially. Although the possibility for it to escape cultivation exists (e.g. naturalize), this has never been reported as happening, unlike some of the Hylocereus species. Nonethe-less, plants should be watched and pre-vented from growing uncontrolled into natural areas nearby. On O‘ahu, Frankie’s Nursery (259-8737) in Waimanalo sells rooted cuttings and fruit, and has it growing on chainlink fence in a few areas of his property. On Hawai‘i Island it is cultivated by several growers, including at Ninole Orchard on the Hamakua coast around 500 feet in altitude. That grower utilizes parallel rows of hogwire fence similar to how grapes are grown, and the
plants thrive even with average rainfall of over 140 inches a year. Over in the S. Kona area around 1000 feet in elevation, Ken Love ([email protected]) grows his plants along rock walls and finds that, like with many orchids, the Yellow Pitaya flourishes when left alone. Fruits and cuttings are offered at the Kona farmer’s market. Lastly, Brad Hunter (936-3433), also in S. Kona, is growing Yellow Pitaya along with many other Hylocereoid cacti and, most exciting of all, has been breeding and crossing them for years to produce new cultivars and hybrids. He sells both cuttings and fruit at the Keahou farmer’s market every Saturday.
With its low water requirements, deli-cious flavor, and long harvest season, Yellow Pitaya could be the next big thing in Hawai‘i, but only time will tell if this promising fruit will become a familiar addition to the Hawaiian fruit repertoire, and not just another “ultra-exotic” rare obscurity.
Adam M. Williams is an avid gardener, native plant advocate, and tropical fruit enthusiast.
drought tolerant native ground cover Akulikuli was planted to help retain soil during rain storms. Once established, these plants would not need to be wa-tered except in cases of severe drought.
These best practices projects are part of a $59,000 grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to help restore urban waters, support community revitalization and pro-tect community health. EPA’s Urban Waters program supports the goals and principles of the Urban Waters Federal Partnership, a partnership of 12 federal agencies working to reconnect urban communities with their waterways.
The health and ecology of Maunalua Bay in Hawaii Kai has been severely im-pacted by the effects of urban develop-ment and population growth during the last 50 years. The goal of the Malama Maunalua project is to reduce polluted runoff to Maunalua Bay from more than 20,000 households and six major commercial centers in the region by increasing awareness and influence the behavior of residents, visitors and bay
and cosponsored by Hawaii County De-partment of Research and Development, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture, and the University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources (CTAHR) and CTAHR Coop-erative Extension Service and the United States Department of Agriculture.
We do hope that many of you who are active in the Hawaii floriculture industry can attend this educational and beautiful event where the center of discussion is the many flowers, plants, and personalities that make our industry what it is today. You may view the full schedule of events and register on our website, www.hena.org or contact the HENA office at [email protected] or 808-969-2088 phone & fax.
Robert Stearns is owner/operator of Leilani Palms and Foliage, specializing in Falcifera palms. He is past President and currently sits on the Board of the Hawaii Export Nursery Association (HENA). He also is a Director for the Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association (HFNA).
MiDPAcMALAMAContinued from page 11Continued from page 17
users about the threats to the bay and the need for restoration.
Community partners such as the City & County of Honolulu and dozens of volunteers have been instrumental in making these projects a reality. Malama Maunalua also enjoys the support of more than 5,000 community members and students who have participated in the organization’s The Great Huki cleanup of invasive alien algae in the Bay and watershed management activities over the past five years.
Mālama Maunalua is a 501(c)(3) community-based non-profit steward-ship organization created to conserve and restore a healthy and productive Maunalua Bay by informing, engaging and empowering the community and by forming strong partnerships. The Mau-nalua region is in urban Southeast O‘ahu stretching from Koko Head (Kawaihoa) to Black Point (Kupikipiki‘o) and to the summit of the Ko‘olau Mountains. The region is approximately 28 square miles in size and has nearly eight miles of shoreline fronting Maunalua Bay.
Rae DeCoito is the Executive Director of Malama Maunalua.
ADAM M. WILLIAMS
FRUITlow hanging
24 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 25THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Photos: MACH FUKADAABOvE: Hala tree infested by Hala scale. RIGHT: Hala scales magnified.
Hala (Pandanus tectori-us) is a native Hawaiian tree with important cultural uses and is planted extensively for its distinctive appear-
ance and heartiness. Hawaiians utilized most parts of the plants including the edible fruits. The long, sturdy leaves (Lau-hala) are used throughout the Pacific for traditional weaving, a practice still carried out in Hawai‘i. The fruits are also used in lei making.
The tree grows naturally in coastal and lowland wet forests at elevations up to 2000 feet. Intact stands of Hala forest can be seen in the Hana area of Maui and Puna on the Big Island where it forms the forest canopy with ‘ōhi‘a. Hala is such an important tree in Hawai‘i that it was used in the original territorial forestry badge.
Its spiral leaf arrangement, unique prop root system, striking male and female flowers, and pineapple-like fruits make it a particularly attractive landscaping plant. The tree is salt, wind, and drought tolerant and requires little maintenance aside from removing fallen leaves and fruits. There are several varieties of the native species, which is quite variable, and additional species such as variegated and thornless species have also been intro-duced to Hawai‘i.
Unfortunately, a new pest was found in 1995 on Maui’s Hana coast threatening the health of Hala, as well as its cultural uses. The scale insect (Thysanococcus pandani) infests leaves making them sickly yellow and can be found on differ-ent parts of the plant. Damage to leaves makes them unsuitable for weaving. Traditional gathering sites on Maui have been so widely infested that weavers must seek out remote stands occurring in up-land valleys in order to find healthy leaves for weaving.
Systemic insecticide treatments were
found to be ineffective at controlling the Hala scale. This is likely due to the physiology of Hala not being conducive to chemical transport. Although some individuals appear to be less damaged than others, all of the Hawaiian varieties are susceptible to infestation, with some of the introduced species having more resistance.
Hawai‘i Department of Agriculture’s Plant Pest Control Branch recently added the Hala scale to its list of targets for biological control and will be looking for natural enemies of the scale in Indonesia where the scale originated. If candidates for controlling Hala scale are found, they’ll be closely studied to determine suitability for introduction into Hawai‘i. Without such biological control, it is un-likely that damaged Hala populations will recover to their previous vigor.
The overall goal of turf-grass management is to produce healthy turf. Healthy turf could result in the best possible qual-ity under a given set of
growing conditions. In addition, healthy turf usually relies less on fertilizers and pesticides to achieve the desired quality. Traditional turf management often times relies on routine, usually calendar-based, applications of fertilizers and pesticides. Although many studies have shown that chemicals properly applied on turf areas pose insignificant environmental concerns (there are still debating on these though), turfgrass integrated pest management (IPM) programs are becom-ing popular.
A good IPM definition comes from Dr. Vic Gibeault and colleagues at University of California, Riverside. They defined IPM as "multiple tactics used in a compatible manner in order to maintain pest popula-tions below levels that cause economic or unacceptable aesthetic injury without posing a hazard to humans, domestic animals, or other non-target life forms." There are three key elements in turfgrass (in fact, any) IPM program: threshold setup; monitoring; and integration of various management methods. IPM usually does not aim to totally eliminate pests, but rather to maintain pest popula-tions at tolerable levels. IPM programs are applicable in almost all turfgrass growing systems, but are probably most effective in areas where professionals are on site and able to monitor turfgrass frequently, as well as establish realistic thresholds and quality expectations.
I summarized the major components of a turf IPM program in Figure 1. I will briefly discuss some components below in Part I, and will continue discussing more components in Part II which will be in the next issue of Landscape Hawaii.
Establishment. Proper soil manage-ment is important. The best time to make major soil modifications is at establishment. A properly prepared planting bed meets the growth demands of turf. Incorporate amendments based on soil test recommendations to provide the best possible turfgrass growing con-ditions. If interested, please see further reading (Cheng and Grewal, 2009).
Turfgrass selection. Turfgrass cultivars are types of a grass species selected for specific characteristics such as disease resistance, tolerance of unusual environ-ments, or appearance. To reduce overall turfgrass disease potential and provide tolerance to varied sites, plant blends (combinations of two or more cultivars of the same species) are often times used. It is also worthwhile to recognize the advantages of endophytic turfgrasses. However, no warm-season turfgrass spe-cies has been discovered to be associated with beneficial endophytes.
Cultural practices. Proper lawn care is probably the most effective IPM method to manage pests and enhance turf qual-ity. Mowing, irrigation, fertilization, and cultivating could be combined to reduce weed, insect, disease, and other prob-lems, as well as to produce turf of high quality. Usually the taller the grass and the denser the canopy, the greater the in-terception of sunlight. By keeping the soil shaded, weeds are less likely to germi-nate and survive. Too much or too little water could incur pest problems. But in general, deep and infrequent irrigation is better because shallow and frequent watering promotes shallow rooting. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer could stimu-late fungal diseases; as well as result in weak grass blades that are susceptible to insect attack. Therefore, only the levels of nutrients needed (based on soil tests)
To date, the Hala scale has only been found occurring on Maui. Although the scales are small and require magnification to be observed and identified, the leaf damage can alert landscapers to possible scale presence. Any detections of this pest outside of Maui should be reported promptly to Department of Agriculture on the state pest hotline (643-PEST) or online at reportapest.org. The State also asks that people refrain from moving Hala plants and plant parts (including Lauhala woven items) from Maui to prevent the scale from spreading to other islands.
Rob Hauff is a forester for the Depart-ment of Land and Natural Resources, Divi-sion of Forestry and Wildlife and works to protect Hawai‘i from forest pests.
haLabriefiNtro oNturfGraSSipm (PART 1)ScaLe iNSect
threateNed by
ARE THESE YOUR
KEYS?
You could win a Cat® machine working on your job site for free.
Sign up to attend Hawthorne Cat’s demo event on Aug. 15, 2013.
Registration is limited, enter today at CatAllDay.com/Real
© 2013 Caterpillar All Rights Reserved. CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow” and the “Power Edge” trade dress, as well as corporate and product identity herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.See GRASS on page 27
ROB HAUFF
COLUMNpest
ZHIQIANG CHENG, ph.D.
COLUMNturf
24 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 25THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Photos: MACH FUKADAABOvE: Hala tree infested by Hala scale. RIGHT: Hala scales magnified.
Hala (Pandanus tectori-us) is a native Hawaiian tree with important cultural uses and is planted extensively for its distinctive appear-
ance and heartiness. Hawaiians utilized most parts of the plants including the edible fruits. The long, sturdy leaves (Lau-hala) are used throughout the Pacific for traditional weaving, a practice still carried out in Hawai‘i. The fruits are also used in lei making.
The tree grows naturally in coastal and lowland wet forests at elevations up to 2000 feet. Intact stands of Hala forest can be seen in the Hana area of Maui and Puna on the Big Island where it forms the forest canopy with ‘ōhi‘a. Hala is such an important tree in Hawai‘i that it was used in the original territorial forestry badge.
Its spiral leaf arrangement, unique prop root system, striking male and female flowers, and pineapple-like fruits make it a particularly attractive landscaping plant. The tree is salt, wind, and drought tolerant and requires little maintenance aside from removing fallen leaves and fruits. There are several varieties of the native species, which is quite variable, and additional species such as variegated and thornless species have also been intro-duced to Hawai‘i.
Unfortunately, a new pest was found in 1995 on Maui’s Hana coast threatening the health of Hala, as well as its cultural uses. The scale insect (Thysanococcus pandani) infests leaves making them sickly yellow and can be found on differ-ent parts of the plant. Damage to leaves makes them unsuitable for weaving. Traditional gathering sites on Maui have been so widely infested that weavers must seek out remote stands occurring in up-land valleys in order to find healthy leaves for weaving.
Systemic insecticide treatments were
found to be ineffective at controlling the Hala scale. This is likely due to the physiology of Hala not being conducive to chemical transport. Although some individuals appear to be less damaged than others, all of the Hawaiian varieties are susceptible to infestation, with some of the introduced species having more resistance.
Hawai‘i Department of Agriculture’s Plant Pest Control Branch recently added the Hala scale to its list of targets for biological control and will be looking for natural enemies of the scale in Indonesia where the scale originated. If candidates for controlling Hala scale are found, they’ll be closely studied to determine suitability for introduction into Hawai‘i. Without such biological control, it is un-likely that damaged Hala populations will recover to their previous vigor.
The overall goal of turf-grass management is to produce healthy turf. Healthy turf could result in the best possible qual-ity under a given set of
growing conditions. In addition, healthy turf usually relies less on fertilizers and pesticides to achieve the desired quality. Traditional turf management often times relies on routine, usually calendar-based, applications of fertilizers and pesticides. Although many studies have shown that chemicals properly applied on turf areas pose insignificant environmental concerns (there are still debating on these though), turfgrass integrated pest management (IPM) programs are becom-ing popular.
A good IPM definition comes from Dr. Vic Gibeault and colleagues at University of California, Riverside. They defined IPM as "multiple tactics used in a compatible manner in order to maintain pest popula-tions below levels that cause economic or unacceptable aesthetic injury without posing a hazard to humans, domestic animals, or other non-target life forms." There are three key elements in turfgrass (in fact, any) IPM program: threshold setup; monitoring; and integration of various management methods. IPM usually does not aim to totally eliminate pests, but rather to maintain pest popula-tions at tolerable levels. IPM programs are applicable in almost all turfgrass growing systems, but are probably most effective in areas where professionals are on site and able to monitor turfgrass frequently, as well as establish realistic thresholds and quality expectations.
I summarized the major components of a turf IPM program in Figure 1. I will briefly discuss some components below in Part I, and will continue discussing more components in Part II which will be in the next issue of Landscape Hawaii.
Establishment. Proper soil manage-ment is important. The best time to make major soil modifications is at establishment. A properly prepared planting bed meets the growth demands of turf. Incorporate amendments based on soil test recommendations to provide the best possible turfgrass growing con-ditions. If interested, please see further reading (Cheng and Grewal, 2009).
Turfgrass selection. Turfgrass cultivars are types of a grass species selected for specific characteristics such as disease resistance, tolerance of unusual environ-ments, or appearance. To reduce overall turfgrass disease potential and provide tolerance to varied sites, plant blends (combinations of two or more cultivars of the same species) are often times used. It is also worthwhile to recognize the advantages of endophytic turfgrasses. However, no warm-season turfgrass spe-cies has been discovered to be associated with beneficial endophytes.
Cultural practices. Proper lawn care is probably the most effective IPM method to manage pests and enhance turf qual-ity. Mowing, irrigation, fertilization, and cultivating could be combined to reduce weed, insect, disease, and other prob-lems, as well as to produce turf of high quality. Usually the taller the grass and the denser the canopy, the greater the in-terception of sunlight. By keeping the soil shaded, weeds are less likely to germi-nate and survive. Too much or too little water could incur pest problems. But in general, deep and infrequent irrigation is better because shallow and frequent watering promotes shallow rooting. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer could stimu-late fungal diseases; as well as result in weak grass blades that are susceptible to insect attack. Therefore, only the levels of nutrients needed (based on soil tests)
To date, the Hala scale has only been found occurring on Maui. Although the scales are small and require magnification to be observed and identified, the leaf damage can alert landscapers to possible scale presence. Any detections of this pest outside of Maui should be reported promptly to Department of Agriculture on the state pest hotline (643-PEST) or online at reportapest.org. The State also asks that people refrain from moving Hala plants and plant parts (including Lauhala woven items) from Maui to prevent the scale from spreading to other islands.
Rob Hauff is a forester for the Depart-ment of Land and Natural Resources, Divi-sion of Forestry and Wildlife and works to protect Hawai‘i from forest pests.
haLabriefiNtro oNturfGraSSipm (PART 1)ScaLe iNSect
threateNed by
ARE THESE YOUR
KEYS?
You could win a Cat® machine working on your job site for free.
Sign up to attend Hawthorne Cat’s demo event on Aug. 15, 2013.
Registration is limited, enter today at CatAllDay.com/Real
© 2013 Caterpillar All Rights Reserved. CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow” and the “Power Edge” trade dress, as well as corporate and product identity herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.See GRASS on page 27
ROB HAUFF
COLUMNpest
ZHIQIANG CHENG, ph.D.
COLUMNturf
26 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 27THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
diSpoSabLeLaNdScapeS
Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree-ment of sale, etc.
Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA and Hawaii Production Credit Association can custom design a
loan to meet your needs.
We offer: Long term loans, short term loans, competitive interest rate programs, flexible repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing options, etc. We also have programs for Young, Beginning, Small and Minority Farmers.
C A L L O N E O F O U R LOA N O F F I C E R S AT :
Oahu Office 99-860 Iwaena Street, Suite A Aiea, HI 96701 Phone: 808-836-8009 Fax: 808-836-8610 www.hawaiifarmcredit.com
Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street Hilo, HI 96720 Phone: 808-961-3708 Fax: 808-961-5494
From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996
FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.
LOAN?LOAN?AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALNEED ANNEED AN
Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCAHawaii Production Credit Association
FARM CREDIT SERVICES OF HAWAII, ACA
should be applied. When feasible, organic fertilizers could be used as they provide organic matter to support soil microor-ganisms and improve soil health.
Further Readings:Schumann, G.L., P.J Vittum, M.L. Elliot,
and P.P Cobb (1997) IPM Handbook for Golf Courses. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI.
Cheng, Z., and P. S. Grewal. 2009. Dynamics of the soil nematode food web and nutrient pools under tall fescue lawns established on soil matrices resulting from common urban development activities. Ap-plied Soil Ecology, 42: 107–117.
Zhiqiang Cheng, Ph.D. is Assistant Specialist with the Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, CTAHR University of Hawaii at Manoa.
GRASSContinued from page 25A
s a researcher and oc-casional teacher of tree biology and care, I’ve seen the landscape and tree care industry recently ex-plode with how-to guides,
commercial workshops, and proprietary products. These new products and ser-vices are superimposed over the folklore and tradition of old-time tree care. Some tree-care professionals jump onto the latest article or tradeshow demonstration as “the thing” while others work proudly within the boundaries of what dad or granddad did.
Whether we are a traditionalist or on the cutting edge of landscape care, we need to take a deep breath and think about what we are trying to achieve, before we select a specific treatment or practice for tree care. We should mea-sure that treatment or practice against what we know about the tree system. I say “system” because the recent years of Modern Arboriculture (Shigo 1991) have demonstrated the value of seeing trees as responsive, integrated organisms and landscapes as living communities. To pick a few common treatments and practices, what are we trying to achieve when we plant, fertilize, or apply pesticides? A glib yet honest answer might be “to make some money and stay in business”. That’s fair, but do we view our business as sup-plying short-term fixes or as investments towards future veteran trees in keystone landscapes that will be cherished as future treasures? Most of us can be responsible for some of each. There is plenty of responsibility to share, from the propaga-tion of sound nursery stock to sustain-able landscape design, implementation, maintenance, and renewal. Many of the real problems in tree care result from sim-ply not being responsive to the biological needs of trees and landscapes. These are not just abstractions! I continue to see fast-growing, potentially tall trees planted beneath overhead utility lines (Figure 1)
and immediately next to buildings. Are trees being planted in inappropriate places with the intention that they will be removed and replaced in a few years, like out-of-style lawn furniture? Given the short service life reported for most urban and community trees, maybe that is only realistic. But we should be clear with clients and ourselves if that is what we want to do!
Growth in diameter as well as height can be a problem, particularly when stem guards or grates are used. The attrac-tiveness of the grate is lost as it girdles the tree and supports the infection of wood-decay fungi (Figure 2). What were the landscape designers and installers thinking? This style of grate was not designed for easy removal, particularly not without harming the tree. Was this planting designed to be replaced after a few years of tree growth? A current hot topic in arboriculture is when and how to support newly planted trees. Based on my own simple observations, more trees
sustain lasting damage from inappropri-ate supports being left on far too long than by lack of support. I imagine that the installers expected that the maintenance crew would remove the “traditional wire-in-hose” support well before the stem was injured, but this type of scarring is still commonplace (Figure 3).
Sometimes, the story is one of failed opportunities and communication. Although trees can be protected at con-struction sites, the tree protection plan for this Eucalyptus sp. (Figure 4) was ig-nored and it was severely damaged. When trees like this remain in the landscape, they have shortened life spans due to the severity of their construction injuries. Instead of being assets in the landscap-ing, they become liabilities and have to be removed.
In some ways, the examples above are the easy and obvious ones. A landscape professional may easily think or say “I’d never do that!” Unfortunately, disregard-ing the tree system is also possible in
more hidden ways. Over-fertilization of trees can reduce the frequency and effectiveness of mycorrhizae and beneficial microorganisms in the soil, making trees more sensitive to drought, element deficiency and toxicity, and disease. Over-reliance on some chemi-cal insecticides can quickly promote pesticide-resistant pests. Other insec-ticides may promote damaging mite infestations by eradicating the natural predators.
The proliferation of training aids and products is likely a good thing. The “how-to” prescriptions still require that those who design, install, and maintain landscapes to decide whether they are working for disposable or long-term landscapes.
Reference:Shigo, Alex. L. 1991. Modern Arboricul-
ture. Shigo and Trees, Associates. http://www.shigoandtrees.com.
Dr. Kevin T. Smith, plant physiologist for the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, has published more than 90 journal articles and book chapters on tree biology from his base in Durham, New Hampshire.
A version of this article was originally published in The Landsculptor, February 2008, pages 57-58.
ABOvE: Areca palms growing into overhead utility lines. RIGHT: Decay fungus on trunk injured by “protective” grate.
Phot
o: C
AR
OL
KW
AN
Phot
o: K
EVIN
SM
ITH
Photos: CAROL KWANScarring from guy wires.
Figure 1
Figure 3
Figure 2
26 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013 Hawaiiscape.com 27THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
diSpoSabLeLaNdScapeS
Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree-ment of sale, etc.
Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA and Hawaii Production Credit Association can custom design a
loan to meet your needs.
We offer: Long term loans, short term loans, competitive interest rate programs, flexible repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing options, etc. We also have programs for Young, Beginning, Small and Minority Farmers.
C A L L O N E O F O U R LOA N O F F I C E R S AT :
Oahu Office 99-860 Iwaena Street, Suite A Aiea, HI 96701 Phone: 808-836-8009 Fax: 808-836-8610 www.hawaiifarmcredit.com
Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street Hilo, HI 96720 Phone: 808-961-3708 Fax: 808-961-5494
From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996
FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.
LOAN?LOAN?AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALNEED ANNEED AN
Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCAHawaii Production Credit Association
FARM CREDIT SERVICES OF HAWAII, ACA
should be applied. When feasible, organic fertilizers could be used as they provide organic matter to support soil microor-ganisms and improve soil health.
Further Readings:Schumann, G.L., P.J Vittum, M.L. Elliot,
and P.P Cobb (1997) IPM Handbook for Golf Courses. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI.
Cheng, Z., and P. S. Grewal. 2009. Dynamics of the soil nematode food web and nutrient pools under tall fescue lawns established on soil matrices resulting from common urban development activities. Ap-plied Soil Ecology, 42: 107–117.
Zhiqiang Cheng, Ph.D. is Assistant Specialist with the Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, CTAHR University of Hawaii at Manoa.
GRASSContinued from page 25A
s a researcher and oc-casional teacher of tree biology and care, I’ve seen the landscape and tree care industry recently ex-plode with how-to guides,
commercial workshops, and proprietary products. These new products and ser-vices are superimposed over the folklore and tradition of old-time tree care. Some tree-care professionals jump onto the latest article or tradeshow demonstration as “the thing” while others work proudly within the boundaries of what dad or granddad did.
Whether we are a traditionalist or on the cutting edge of landscape care, we need to take a deep breath and think about what we are trying to achieve, before we select a specific treatment or practice for tree care. We should mea-sure that treatment or practice against what we know about the tree system. I say “system” because the recent years of Modern Arboriculture (Shigo 1991) have demonstrated the value of seeing trees as responsive, integrated organisms and landscapes as living communities. To pick a few common treatments and practices, what are we trying to achieve when we plant, fertilize, or apply pesticides? A glib yet honest answer might be “to make some money and stay in business”. That’s fair, but do we view our business as sup-plying short-term fixes or as investments towards future veteran trees in keystone landscapes that will be cherished as future treasures? Most of us can be responsible for some of each. There is plenty of responsibility to share, from the propaga-tion of sound nursery stock to sustain-able landscape design, implementation, maintenance, and renewal. Many of the real problems in tree care result from sim-ply not being responsive to the biological needs of trees and landscapes. These are not just abstractions! I continue to see fast-growing, potentially tall trees planted beneath overhead utility lines (Figure 1)
and immediately next to buildings. Are trees being planted in inappropriate places with the intention that they will be removed and replaced in a few years, like out-of-style lawn furniture? Given the short service life reported for most urban and community trees, maybe that is only realistic. But we should be clear with clients and ourselves if that is what we want to do!
Growth in diameter as well as height can be a problem, particularly when stem guards or grates are used. The attrac-tiveness of the grate is lost as it girdles the tree and supports the infection of wood-decay fungi (Figure 2). What were the landscape designers and installers thinking? This style of grate was not designed for easy removal, particularly not without harming the tree. Was this planting designed to be replaced after a few years of tree growth? A current hot topic in arboriculture is when and how to support newly planted trees. Based on my own simple observations, more trees
sustain lasting damage from inappropri-ate supports being left on far too long than by lack of support. I imagine that the installers expected that the maintenance crew would remove the “traditional wire-in-hose” support well before the stem was injured, but this type of scarring is still commonplace (Figure 3).
Sometimes, the story is one of failed opportunities and communication. Although trees can be protected at con-struction sites, the tree protection plan for this Eucalyptus sp. (Figure 4) was ig-nored and it was severely damaged. When trees like this remain in the landscape, they have shortened life spans due to the severity of their construction injuries. Instead of being assets in the landscap-ing, they become liabilities and have to be removed.
In some ways, the examples above are the easy and obvious ones. A landscape professional may easily think or say “I’d never do that!” Unfortunately, disregard-ing the tree system is also possible in
more hidden ways. Over-fertilization of trees can reduce the frequency and effectiveness of mycorrhizae and beneficial microorganisms in the soil, making trees more sensitive to drought, element deficiency and toxicity, and disease. Over-reliance on some chemi-cal insecticides can quickly promote pesticide-resistant pests. Other insec-ticides may promote damaging mite infestations by eradicating the natural predators.
The proliferation of training aids and products is likely a good thing. The “how-to” prescriptions still require that those who design, install, and maintain landscapes to decide whether they are working for disposable or long-term landscapes.
Reference:Shigo, Alex. L. 1991. Modern Arboricul-
ture. Shigo and Trees, Associates. http://www.shigoandtrees.com.
Dr. Kevin T. Smith, plant physiologist for the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, has published more than 90 journal articles and book chapters on tree biology from his base in Durham, New Hampshire.
A version of this article was originally published in The Landsculptor, February 2008, pages 57-58.
ABOvE: Areca palms growing into overhead utility lines. RIGHT: Decay fungus on trunk injured by “protective” grate.
Phot
o: C
AR
OL
KW
AN
Phot
o: K
EVIN
SM
ITH
Photos: CAROL KWANScarring from guy wires.
Figure 1
Figure 3
Figure 2
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
mechaNic waNted
!!#!!#
Lict StrateGic pLaNNiNG
workShop
Hawaiiscape.com 29
“Mechanic wanted — must have some small en-gine knowledge.” Where have all the small engine
mechanics gone? Landscape companies, golf courses, repair shops, farmers, are all looking for mechanics. (If you have one that you are satisfied with, keep it quiet.) Why the shortage you ask? Let’s look at some of the reasons.
First, let’s be sure to emphasize that just because you own a mower, does not make you a mechanic. Just because you can use a chain saw does not mean you can fix one. Companies are now beginning to realize that fact, and are putting out the call for mechanics who can fix their equipment. What they are
learning is that there is a limited pool of mechanics, and an even smaller pool of
skilled mechanics able to fix their equip-ment. In years past (two to three decades ago), if you had a reasonable amount of mechanical aptitude and skill you could
probably figure out how to repair a piece of equipment. Many small engine mechanics had previous experience working with cars,
motorcycles, dirt bikes. As technology and EPA requirements have changed equipment design and engineering, many skills which were previously transferable are no longer as relevant.
Changes to design are more specific and manufacturers have made it so that the kinds of repairs that can be done are more limited, anticipating that
machines will be replaced rather than repaired. For
example, there are en-gines that are three
or four years old that
are no longer avail-able, and
The Landscape Indus-try Council of Hawaii (LICH) held a statewide workshop on June 15th to determine the best direc-tion to take the LICT or
Landscape Industry Certified Technician (formerly called CLT) over the next ten years. LICT training and testing profes-sionals from across the state participated in this one day workshop including rep-resentatives from LICH, Kauai Landscape Industry Council (KLIC), Hawaii Land-scape & Irrigation Contractors Associa-tion (HLICA), Hawaii Island Landscape Association (HILA), Maui Association of Landscape Professionals (MALP) and Leeward Community College (LCC). The group included Karen Ostborg, Larry Bor-gatti, Ty McDonald, Chris McCullough, Lelan Nishek, Allison Wright, Jay Deputy, Zhiqiong Cheng, Steve Nimz, Garrett Webb, Norman Nagata, Lynne Constanti-dinides, Matt Lyum, Madeleine Shaw, and Chris Dacus.
The meeting was structured to develop three goals and objectives to achieve each of the three goals. In addition, the discus-sion included the means to fund the LICT strategic plan and the development of a new decision making body for the LICT program.
The top goals and objectives over the next ten years include:
1. Promote the benefits of the LICT program to landscape employers and the public. This would increase profes-sionalism, quality of work and reduce the liability.
a. Objectives: Promote to employers the reduced liability insurance by notify-ing insurance companies of LICT profes-sionals on staff and their training.
b. Make a YouTube video for employ-ers and post links on our website.
2. Promote to government, landscape architects, property and hotel manage-ment companies the benefits of requiring LICT professionals for their properties and projects via contracts and construc-tion specifications.
you would have to get a new style of engine to retrofit on that piece of equipment. Mechan-ics who have been in the industry for many years, have found it difficult to keep up with the changes.
There are more variables to consider when troubleshooting and repairing the new equipment. Tracking down these variables is time consuming and often frustrating. There is a new skill set required, that many of the “older” mechanics have not easily adapted to. “I did all the things I usually do, but I can’t get it to work!” In today’s industry, yesterday’s skills are not enough for today’s machines.
Mechanics will frequently express that they feel pressured by their bosses to get machines to do things that they were not designed to do. This is not a reflection of the mechanic’s skill level, but rather, an equipment purchase based on unrealistic expectations. BE REALIS-TIC! With the rising cost of equipment, and a more competitive market place, the mechanic is frequently expected to keep machines running without incurring costs — either in labor or in parts. This is not always possible, no matter how skillful the mechanic. The mechanic is not a magician. He can only use the knowledge and skill that he has to keep the machine running.
Operators, shop supervisors and company owners have a role in keeping the equipment running correctly, and keeping their repair costs down. On-going maintenance and the use of correct operating procedures are neces-sities. They need to assess the mechanics skill level and decide if that is sufficient for the company’s situation.
Looking down the road, will we be seeing more skilled small engine mechanics? It may be incumbent upon companies to identify, train, and support employees who show me-chanical aptitude and move them toward the mechanic’s position.
Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in business for over 25 years.
a. Objectives: Market to property managers at Building Industry Associa-tion, Hawaiiana Management Confer-ence, Building & Property Management show, Certified Commercial Investment Member (CCIM) and Condominium As-sociations.
b. Conduct educational seminars for property managers on landscape mainte-nance at conferences and promote LICT.
c. Work with ASLA Hawaii Chapter to promote LICT inclusion in landscape architecture specifications.
d. Discuss with government agen-cies the LICT inclusion in construction specifications.
3. Raise funds to administer the LICT program in a paid staff person at LICH.
a. LICH Sponsorships for funding.b. Grants that may include the work-
force development, State Department of Labor and water conservation grants.
With the goals, objectives and funding the group determined, the group unani-mously decided that the new decision making for the LICT program should include equal representation from all organizations conducting landscape train-ing or tests. Each organization shall have one representative with an equal vote and decisions shall be made by a simple major-
ity. The new committee shall have one representative from each of the follow-ing organizations: LICH, HLICA, MALP, HILA, KLIC, and LCC. Each organization shall determine their representative by September 2013 and as a group elect a committee chair.
The participants of the strategic plan-ning workshop are energized with a new focused strategy that will bear good results over the next ten years and LICT professionals should see some early results by next summer. If you have some sugges-tions, feel free to send an email to [email protected] and I will make sure the new committee receives your com-ments.
As a reminder the upcoming registra-tion deadline for the Oahu LICT test is July 26th. Registration is online at http://hawaiiscape.com/lict/. Applicants can complete an online test registration including payment or download a PDF file and mail. The Oahu written test is August 7th and field test is August 10th. Sign up now, study and become a LICT profes-sional!
Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.
Photos: CHRIS DACUSLICT Workshop attendees discussing goals and objectives (left to right) Zhiqiang Cheng, Lelan Nishek, Allison Wright & Christopher McCullough.
By CHRIS DACUS
28 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013
p H Y L L I S J O N E S
TIPStool
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
mechaNic waNted
!!#!!#
Lict StrateGic pLaNNiNG
workShop
Hawaiiscape.com 29
“Mechanic wanted — must have some small en-gine knowledge.” Where have all the small engine
mechanics gone? Landscape companies, golf courses, repair shops, farmers, are all looking for mechanics. (If you have one that you are satisfied with, keep it quiet.) Why the shortage you ask? Let’s look at some of the reasons.
First, let’s be sure to emphasize that just because you own a mower, does not make you a mechanic. Just because you can use a chain saw does not mean you can fix one. Companies are now beginning to realize that fact, and are putting out the call for mechanics who can fix their equipment. What they are
learning is that there is a limited pool of mechanics, and an even smaller pool of
skilled mechanics able to fix their equip-ment. In years past (two to three decades ago), if you had a reasonable amount of mechanical aptitude and skill you could
probably figure out how to repair a piece of equipment. Many small engine mechanics had previous experience working with cars,
motorcycles, dirt bikes. As technology and EPA requirements have changed equipment design and engineering, many skills which were previously transferable are no longer as relevant.
Changes to design are more specific and manufacturers have made it so that the kinds of repairs that can be done are more limited, anticipating that
machines will be replaced rather than repaired. For
example, there are en-gines that are three
or four years old that
are no longer avail-able, and
The Landscape Indus-try Council of Hawaii (LICH) held a statewide workshop on June 15th to determine the best direc-tion to take the LICT or
Landscape Industry Certified Technician (formerly called CLT) over the next ten years. LICT training and testing profes-sionals from across the state participated in this one day workshop including rep-resentatives from LICH, Kauai Landscape Industry Council (KLIC), Hawaii Land-scape & Irrigation Contractors Associa-tion (HLICA), Hawaii Island Landscape Association (HILA), Maui Association of Landscape Professionals (MALP) and Leeward Community College (LCC). The group included Karen Ostborg, Larry Bor-gatti, Ty McDonald, Chris McCullough, Lelan Nishek, Allison Wright, Jay Deputy, Zhiqiong Cheng, Steve Nimz, Garrett Webb, Norman Nagata, Lynne Constanti-dinides, Matt Lyum, Madeleine Shaw, and Chris Dacus.
The meeting was structured to develop three goals and objectives to achieve each of the three goals. In addition, the discus-sion included the means to fund the LICT strategic plan and the development of a new decision making body for the LICT program.
The top goals and objectives over the next ten years include:
1. Promote the benefits of the LICT program to landscape employers and the public. This would increase profes-sionalism, quality of work and reduce the liability.
a. Objectives: Promote to employers the reduced liability insurance by notify-ing insurance companies of LICT profes-sionals on staff and their training.
b. Make a YouTube video for employ-ers and post links on our website.
2. Promote to government, landscape architects, property and hotel manage-ment companies the benefits of requiring LICT professionals for their properties and projects via contracts and construc-tion specifications.
you would have to get a new style of engine to retrofit on that piece of equipment. Mechan-ics who have been in the industry for many years, have found it difficult to keep up with the changes.
There are more variables to consider when troubleshooting and repairing the new equipment. Tracking down these variables is time consuming and often frustrating. There is a new skill set required, that many of the “older” mechanics have not easily adapted to. “I did all the things I usually do, but I can’t get it to work!” In today’s industry, yesterday’s skills are not enough for today’s machines.
Mechanics will frequently express that they feel pressured by their bosses to get machines to do things that they were not designed to do. This is not a reflection of the mechanic’s skill level, but rather, an equipment purchase based on unrealistic expectations. BE REALIS-TIC! With the rising cost of equipment, and a more competitive market place, the mechanic is frequently expected to keep machines running without incurring costs — either in labor or in parts. This is not always possible, no matter how skillful the mechanic. The mechanic is not a magician. He can only use the knowledge and skill that he has to keep the machine running.
Operators, shop supervisors and company owners have a role in keeping the equipment running correctly, and keeping their repair costs down. On-going maintenance and the use of correct operating procedures are neces-sities. They need to assess the mechanics skill level and decide if that is sufficient for the company’s situation.
Looking down the road, will we be seeing more skilled small engine mechanics? It may be incumbent upon companies to identify, train, and support employees who show me-chanical aptitude and move them toward the mechanic’s position.
Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in business for over 25 years.
a. Objectives: Market to property managers at Building Industry Associa-tion, Hawaiiana Management Confer-ence, Building & Property Management show, Certified Commercial Investment Member (CCIM) and Condominium As-sociations.
b. Conduct educational seminars for property managers on landscape mainte-nance at conferences and promote LICT.
c. Work with ASLA Hawaii Chapter to promote LICT inclusion in landscape architecture specifications.
d. Discuss with government agen-cies the LICT inclusion in construction specifications.
3. Raise funds to administer the LICT program in a paid staff person at LICH.
a. LICH Sponsorships for funding.b. Grants that may include the work-
force development, State Department of Labor and water conservation grants.
With the goals, objectives and funding the group determined, the group unani-mously decided that the new decision making for the LICT program should include equal representation from all organizations conducting landscape train-ing or tests. Each organization shall have one representative with an equal vote and decisions shall be made by a simple major-
ity. The new committee shall have one representative from each of the follow-ing organizations: LICH, HLICA, MALP, HILA, KLIC, and LCC. Each organization shall determine their representative by September 2013 and as a group elect a committee chair.
The participants of the strategic plan-ning workshop are energized with a new focused strategy that will bear good results over the next ten years and LICT professionals should see some early results by next summer. If you have some sugges-tions, feel free to send an email to [email protected] and I will make sure the new committee receives your com-ments.
As a reminder the upcoming registra-tion deadline for the Oahu LICT test is July 26th. Registration is online at http://hawaiiscape.com/lict/. Applicants can complete an online test registration including payment or download a PDF file and mail. The Oahu written test is August 7th and field test is August 10th. Sign up now, study and become a LICT profes-sional!
Chris Dacus is a landscape architect and arborist for the Hawaii Department of Transportation and the president of LICH.
Photos: CHRIS DACUSLICT Workshop attendees discussing goals and objectives (left to right) Zhiqiang Cheng, Lelan Nishek, Allison Wright & Christopher McCullough.
By CHRIS DACUS
28 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013
p H Y L L I S J O N E S
TIPStool
Hawaiiscape.com 31THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
kaLokoSmoLoGy
Here in this nice neat poetic package of 26 lines is the cosmology of the Hawaii Universe. Well, one cosmology, anyway, as we have many. Each natural cycle, the birth of mountains, the birth of parallel growth forms, the birth of volcanoes, the birth of kanaka (person), has its own cosmology or is a part of a cosmology, its own purpose for BEING in the Hawai‘i universe. Cos-mological stories are designed to connect elemental phenomenon to kanaka in the same way that Mahina La‘au creates each landscape to inspire a connection between the kanaka you are creating for and the people that you plant. O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku speaks to the psychic, physiological, biological, and spiritual rela-tionship between kanaka and our natural space because we are bound, made up of the same subatomic particles, the same energy and the same memories as the rest of our relations in the Hawai’i Universe. Yes, indeed!
Imagine this web of relations. O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku links space, who is Wakea...to earth, who is Papah-anaumoku...to each island body from Hawaii to Kahoolawe...to stars, who is Hoohokukalani...to Kalo, who is Haloa and then, finally...to us-kanaka. THIS IS the fundamental architecture of Hawaii Environmental & Hawaii Familial Kinship. Ok, that’s pretty simple, but still very third-party! In other words, what does all this talk about cosmology have to do with us as Mahina La‘au?
Kalo and kalo products continue to be
held in high esteem and calls up a deep sense of filial piety among those who venerate kalo, hence, the necessity of kalo forms at all contemporary ritual celebra-tions, like baby’s first year lu‘au, 1st & 10th year celebrations for the dead, graduation party’s, weddings, rites of passage, and in our daily lives.
Kalo or Haloa maintains to be THE PRIMARY, the most numerous and varied (other important ones are ko, mai’a and awa) edibles that brings together all man-ner of natural phenomenon: bird, fish, flower, forest, place, ocean, thought, feel-ing, fresh water, volcano, stars, sky, space, earth, and more, into one simple, cosmo-gonic form. In its own funny way, through the name, coloring, shape, stance, and peculiar characteristics, kalo is the primary ancestral plant that calls itself a fish (oopu) or a bird (elepaio) or flower (lehua) or a chief (apii alii), or a sound (Lono), a color (omao), a smoke (uahi), wilderness (aweu), a desired outcome (wehiwa). It means to eat kalo in all of its manifestations is to ingest and digest the energy of the world, one yummy morsel at a time.
AND YET…
The identifying, utilizing, and consum-ing of kalo in all of its forms is not the whole experience of our cosmogonic con-nections to Kalo or Haloa.
From the planting of the sacrifice of the premature first born, Haloanaka (lines 14-16), a kalo child evolves and emerges
from the pu’e, the mound of internment, to provide generations sustenance for genera-tions to come. The reenactment of this dynamic story persists until today, not only in the form of the plant as an individual, but in the growing styles of kalo, as a part of the whole story of the universe.
When we kanu or plant in the pu‘e, pu‘u, or mounds, we are actively participating in the burying or return of Haloanaka to the earth, to Papahanaumoku, via the huli. When we plant the kalo in the lo‘i water environment, we are literally pulling the stars (Hoohokukalani) down into our own consciousness to nourish the growth of kalo child, to nourish our own selves in turn. When we grow the kalo in lalani, in rows, we are lining up and aligning kalo with the very clouds, constellations, and horizons of sky and space (Wakea). Just the simple action of replanting the oha-off-spring of each makua-parent IS to engage in the very act of HA-LOA or life continu-um. As my 1-year old granddaughter would say, “Moly (holy) Moly, Tutu!”
To my dearest Mahina La‘au kin, con-sider participating in this cosmology and extending this consciousness to others. To design, plant, grow, and eat a diverse kalo landscape is to draw into your own and other’s consciousness the spiritual and physical sustenance that makes our body universe and OUR Hawaii universe perfect in every way. To ingest Kalo into our very cells is to experience the timelessness of the Hawaii universe, to reinvigorate and re-enact the creation of islands and kalo over and over again. To see the sacrifice in the pu’e, the stars in the lo‘i and the heavens in the lalani is to consciously consume the perfection of our Hawaii and our own con-tinuum that is ha-loa…one breath at a time.
Kekuhi Keali‘ikanaka‘oleohaililani is a kumu hula for Hālau o Kekuhi is the hālau hula (classical dance company) and the center of cultural knowledge for the Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation. The cultural beliefs and practices in which the Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation is anchored radiates from the traditional practices of the hālau that can account for eight generations of kumu hula. Hālau o Kekuhi is celebrated for its mastery of the ‘aiha‘a style of hula (dance) and oli (chant). The ‘aiha‘a is a low-postured, vigor-ous, bombastic style of hula that springs from the eruptive volcano persona Pele and Hi‘iaka, characteristic of Hawai‘i Island’s creative forces. Hālau o Kekuhi has earned local, state, national, and international recognition for their art.
By KEKUHI KEALI‘IKAnAKA‘OLEOHAILILAnI
Welcome to Kalo Kosmology! I invite you to read the follow-ing kumuhonua out loud. The Hawai‘i and the English. Resist the urge to skip over it! What you are about to read has high nutritional value for you as a Mahina La‘au, for the La‘au people you work with, and for the greater web of elemental systems whose job it is to help grow “the gods”
that you plant. The poem or mele that you are about to engage in is endemic to the Hawaii landscape...as endemic as the lava under your feet.
When we meet in person one day, we’ll learn it all together! I’d like that very much. Why? Because THIS is one of the anchors that connects you and I, and because THIS endemic expression of the Hawaii universe is what makes YOU unique from all other landscapers in the world! Enjoy.
O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku
1. O Wakea noho ia Papahanaumoku Wakea resides with Papahanaumoku
2. Hanau o Hawaii, he moku Hawaii is the first-born island child
3. Hanau ‘o Maui, he moku Maui is born, an island child
4. Hoi ae o Wakea noho ia Hoohokukalani Diurnal space turns to nocturnal space, the Dome-of-Space intercourses with She-who-populates-the-night-sky
5. Hanau o Molokai, he moku Molokai is the first to be born of the stars
6. Hanau o Lanaikaula, he moku Lanaikaula an island child is born
7. Liliopu punalua o Papa ia Hoohokkalani Chaos abounds between earth and stars
8. Hoi hou o Papa noho ia Wakea Papa reclaims Sky-father
9. Hanau o Oahu, he moku Oahu is born, an island
10. Hanau o Kauai, he moku Kauai is born, an island
11. Hanau o Niihau, he moku Niihau is born, an island
12. He ula ao Kahoolawe Kahoolawe is born, the royal one
13. Noho hou o Wakea ia Hoohokukalani Again the cycles turn and Space intercourses with Stars
14. Ua hanau mai ka Wakea keiki mua Man is born from the union of sky and stars
15. He keiki alualu Alas, the birth is premature
16. O Haloanaka ka inoa He is Haloanaka, the quivering prayer, the Star child
17. A make ua keiki alualu la The first born is the sacrifice
18. Kanu ia ihola ma waho o ke kala o ka hale Buried
i lalo i ka lepo returned to the earth
19. Ma hope iho ulu mai ua keiki la, kalo no From the place of internment, a child grew, it was kalo
20. O ka lau o ua kalo la The leaf of the kalo
21. Ua kapa ia o Laukapalili is named Laukapalili, the fluttering
22. O ka ha o ua kalo la, o Haloa The stem of the kalo is Haloa, long life
23. Hanau mai he keiki hou A second child is born
24. Kapa lakou i kona inoa ma ka ha o ua Kalo la, He is named for the life that came from that Kalo
25. O Haloa His name is Haloa, in memory of the first
26. Nana mai ko ke ao nei a pau, From this progenitor is born the generations
27. O Haloa hoi! Long life indeed!
30 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013
EMBODYING THE HAWAII UNIVERSE
ICOLOGYhawai‘-
Hawaiiscape.com 31THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
kaLokoSmoLoGy
Here in this nice neat poetic package of 26 lines is the cosmology of the Hawaii Universe. Well, one cosmology, anyway, as we have many. Each natural cycle, the birth of mountains, the birth of parallel growth forms, the birth of volcanoes, the birth of kanaka (person), has its own cosmology or is a part of a cosmology, its own purpose for BEING in the Hawai‘i universe. Cos-mological stories are designed to connect elemental phenomenon to kanaka in the same way that Mahina La‘au creates each landscape to inspire a connection between the kanaka you are creating for and the people that you plant. O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku speaks to the psychic, physiological, biological, and spiritual rela-tionship between kanaka and our natural space because we are bound, made up of the same subatomic particles, the same energy and the same memories as the rest of our relations in the Hawai’i Universe. Yes, indeed!
Imagine this web of relations. O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku links space, who is Wakea...to earth, who is Papah-anaumoku...to each island body from Hawaii to Kahoolawe...to stars, who is Hoohokukalani...to Kalo, who is Haloa and then, finally...to us-kanaka. THIS IS the fundamental architecture of Hawaii Environmental & Hawaii Familial Kinship. Ok, that’s pretty simple, but still very third-party! In other words, what does all this talk about cosmology have to do with us as Mahina La‘au?
Kalo and kalo products continue to be
held in high esteem and calls up a deep sense of filial piety among those who venerate kalo, hence, the necessity of kalo forms at all contemporary ritual celebra-tions, like baby’s first year lu‘au, 1st & 10th year celebrations for the dead, graduation party’s, weddings, rites of passage, and in our daily lives.
Kalo or Haloa maintains to be THE PRIMARY, the most numerous and varied (other important ones are ko, mai’a and awa) edibles that brings together all man-ner of natural phenomenon: bird, fish, flower, forest, place, ocean, thought, feel-ing, fresh water, volcano, stars, sky, space, earth, and more, into one simple, cosmo-gonic form. In its own funny way, through the name, coloring, shape, stance, and peculiar characteristics, kalo is the primary ancestral plant that calls itself a fish (oopu) or a bird (elepaio) or flower (lehua) or a chief (apii alii), or a sound (Lono), a color (omao), a smoke (uahi), wilderness (aweu), a desired outcome (wehiwa). It means to eat kalo in all of its manifestations is to ingest and digest the energy of the world, one yummy morsel at a time.
AND YET…
The identifying, utilizing, and consum-ing of kalo in all of its forms is not the whole experience of our cosmogonic con-nections to Kalo or Haloa.
From the planting of the sacrifice of the premature first born, Haloanaka (lines 14-16), a kalo child evolves and emerges
from the pu’e, the mound of internment, to provide generations sustenance for genera-tions to come. The reenactment of this dynamic story persists until today, not only in the form of the plant as an individual, but in the growing styles of kalo, as a part of the whole story of the universe.
When we kanu or plant in the pu‘e, pu‘u, or mounds, we are actively participating in the burying or return of Haloanaka to the earth, to Papahanaumoku, via the huli. When we plant the kalo in the lo‘i water environment, we are literally pulling the stars (Hoohokukalani) down into our own consciousness to nourish the growth of kalo child, to nourish our own selves in turn. When we grow the kalo in lalani, in rows, we are lining up and aligning kalo with the very clouds, constellations, and horizons of sky and space (Wakea). Just the simple action of replanting the oha-off-spring of each makua-parent IS to engage in the very act of HA-LOA or life continu-um. As my 1-year old granddaughter would say, “Moly (holy) Moly, Tutu!”
To my dearest Mahina La‘au kin, con-sider participating in this cosmology and extending this consciousness to others. To design, plant, grow, and eat a diverse kalo landscape is to draw into your own and other’s consciousness the spiritual and physical sustenance that makes our body universe and OUR Hawaii universe perfect in every way. To ingest Kalo into our very cells is to experience the timelessness of the Hawaii universe, to reinvigorate and re-enact the creation of islands and kalo over and over again. To see the sacrifice in the pu’e, the stars in the lo‘i and the heavens in the lalani is to consciously consume the perfection of our Hawaii and our own con-tinuum that is ha-loa…one breath at a time.
Kekuhi Keali‘ikanaka‘oleohaililani is a kumu hula for Hālau o Kekuhi is the hālau hula (classical dance company) and the center of cultural knowledge for the Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation. The cultural beliefs and practices in which the Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation is anchored radiates from the traditional practices of the hālau that can account for eight generations of kumu hula. Hālau o Kekuhi is celebrated for its mastery of the ‘aiha‘a style of hula (dance) and oli (chant). The ‘aiha‘a is a low-postured, vigor-ous, bombastic style of hula that springs from the eruptive volcano persona Pele and Hi‘iaka, characteristic of Hawai‘i Island’s creative forces. Hālau o Kekuhi has earned local, state, national, and international recognition for their art.
By KEKUHI KEALI‘IKAnAKA‘OLEOHAILILAnI
Welcome to Kalo Kosmology! I invite you to read the follow-ing kumuhonua out loud. The Hawai‘i and the English. Resist the urge to skip over it! What you are about to read has high nutritional value for you as a Mahina La‘au, for the La‘au people you work with, and for the greater web of elemental systems whose job it is to help grow “the gods”
that you plant. The poem or mele that you are about to engage in is endemic to the Hawaii landscape...as endemic as the lava under your feet.
When we meet in person one day, we’ll learn it all together! I’d like that very much. Why? Because THIS is one of the anchors that connects you and I, and because THIS endemic expression of the Hawaii universe is what makes YOU unique from all other landscapers in the world! Enjoy.
O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku
1. O Wakea noho ia Papahanaumoku Wakea resides with Papahanaumoku
2. Hanau o Hawaii, he moku Hawaii is the first-born island child
3. Hanau ‘o Maui, he moku Maui is born, an island child
4. Hoi ae o Wakea noho ia Hoohokukalani Diurnal space turns to nocturnal space, the Dome-of-Space intercourses with She-who-populates-the-night-sky
5. Hanau o Molokai, he moku Molokai is the first to be born of the stars
6. Hanau o Lanaikaula, he moku Lanaikaula an island child is born
7. Liliopu punalua o Papa ia Hoohokkalani Chaos abounds between earth and stars
8. Hoi hou o Papa noho ia Wakea Papa reclaims Sky-father
9. Hanau o Oahu, he moku Oahu is born, an island
10. Hanau o Kauai, he moku Kauai is born, an island
11. Hanau o Niihau, he moku Niihau is born, an island
12. He ula ao Kahoolawe Kahoolawe is born, the royal one
13. Noho hou o Wakea ia Hoohokukalani Again the cycles turn and Space intercourses with Stars
14. Ua hanau mai ka Wakea keiki mua Man is born from the union of sky and stars
15. He keiki alualu Alas, the birth is premature
16. O Haloanaka ka inoa He is Haloanaka, the quivering prayer, the Star child
17. A make ua keiki alualu la The first born is the sacrifice
18. Kanu ia ihola ma waho o ke kala o ka hale Buried
i lalo i ka lepo returned to the earth
19. Ma hope iho ulu mai ua keiki la, kalo no From the place of internment, a child grew, it was kalo
20. O ka lau o ua kalo la The leaf of the kalo
21. Ua kapa ia o Laukapalili is named Laukapalili, the fluttering
22. O ka ha o ua kalo la, o Haloa The stem of the kalo is Haloa, long life
23. Hanau mai he keiki hou A second child is born
24. Kapa lakou i kona inoa ma ka ha o ua Kalo la, He is named for the life that came from that Kalo
25. O Haloa His name is Haloa, in memory of the first
26. Nana mai ko ke ao nei a pau, From this progenitor is born the generations
27. O Haloa hoi! Long life indeed!
30 LaNDscape Hawaii JULY | AUGUST 2013
EMBODYING THE HAWAII UNIVERSE
ICOLOGYhawai‘-
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