LIBRARY TRAINING: WHERE & HOW TO FIND INFORMATION FOR YOUR RESEARCH

Pavlinka Kovatcheva, UJ Sciences Librarian, APKpkovatcheva@uj.ac.za

ZOOLOGY MASTERS STUDENTSSeptember 2011

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1. Introduction2. Library orientation

- Library Support to Masters Students- Library Webpage

- Library Catalogue (incl. NEW Dewey System for books) - Zoology Subject Portal

3. Engaged in Research: finding information for Literature review4. Electronic Databases & Internet5. Reference Techniques6. Conclusion

Library Support to Masters Students

Zoology Subject Portal – access to relevant resources Subject Librarian Help with Training, Queries & Searches Course Reserves (books/articles on Reserve) & Study Collection MyUJLink (your library account, renew books, save searches) Inter Campus Loan (borrow books from other Campuses) Inter Library Loan (Borrow books from other Libraries) Membership (Letter of Introduction) to Other University Libraries Access to Library Resources with a library PIN REMOTE ACCESS to Library Resources (Databases) Getting started with your Research - Engaged in Research – from Literature Review to writing your thesis - Managing your Literature References (RefWorks) - Plagiarism: How to avoid it? - Citing and Referencing (Harvard method) - Submitting T & D; How to get Published

UJ LIBRARY WEBSITE: http://www.uj.ac.za/library

http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbworks.com/

Zoology Subject Portal http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbwiki.com/Zoology

Access to Library Resources (via Zoology Portal)

Log-in to the Library Resources: PIN

LIBRARY CATALOGUE: UJLink

http://ujlink.uj.ac.za/

New Classification System for Books: Dewey590 Zoological Sciences

New Classification System for Books: Dewey570 Life Sciences

Engaged in Research: the Research Process

Direct access to Engage in Research (Research web for Biosciences) (http://www.engageinresearch.ac.uk)

Use the Sciences Librarian Portal: Engage in Research: the Research process with step-by-step guidelines: http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbworks.com/Engaged-in-Research

Engaged in Research: the Research Process

Getting Started in Science Research

Research is an investigation or enquiry into a topic, with the aim to discover, revise or interpret facts. The end result of your research should enhance existing knowledge of your chosen subject area and often provides more questions for you or other researchers to investigate furtherChoosing your Research Topic For example “Freshwater and Wetlands ecology in SA”Identify Research Questions

The research question is the specific aspect of the topic you're interested in. Examples:- What are the consequences of the water users on the environment …

- How the pollution affect the wetlands, etc. Research at a Coursework

If your coursework involves a research project you may find that you’re given a research topic, but you have to develop the research question.Hypothesis

Generating and testing hypotheses is a fundamental aspect of scientific research. But what is a hypothesis? A hypothesis is an educated ‘guess’ at what the results of a piece of research will be.

Reviewing Literature: Literature Review

Literature Review

This is where you read around your research topic, using both primary and secondary sources. The aim of a literature review is to understand the background theory and to find all of the important research (or the vast majority at least!) that has been conducted on your topic.

Where to look for information Sciences Librarian Portal (http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbworks.com) or Zoology Subject Portal (http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbworks.com/Zoology) Search the Library Catalogue, Databases, Internet, etc.

Secondary Resources

Secondary Sources: for Background information on the topic Print Books: UJLink: Library Catalogue Online Books & References: CRC EnvironetBase;

AccessScience; Oxford Reference Online Websites (Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Water

Research Commission, etc.) Journal Reviews - Although scientific journals are generally

classed as primary literature, they may also contain review articles on a subject which are 'technically' classed as secondary sources of information. Review articles discuss previous research on a particular topic, but don't present new results.

Primary Resources

Researchers rely on peer-reviewed primary literature more than secondary literature. This is partly because they are extremely specific in terms of the subject area, but also because primary literature represents the cutting-edge of science.

Scientific papers (peer-reviewed journals): Search the databases from your Zoology Subject Portal for the latest research on your topic (ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library; SpringerLink, ISI Science Citation Index, Waters & Oceans Worldwide, etc.)

Conference proceedings: Researchers often present the results of their work at national and international science conferences. Each presenter provides a written overview of their presentation and this is given to conference attendees in the form of a 'conference proceeding'. (Databases)

Dissertations: Review T & D for current and completed research (why, where to search). Dissertations (sometimes called theses) are produced by MSc and PhD students. (Search the UJLink: Library Catalogue for UJ T & D; UJDigispace for online T & D; Consult other available resources on the Subject Portal.

Identify the Key Concepts and Keywords

By determining the key concepts and keywords before searching on a topic, you save your time.

For example, your Topic is: “Fish histology as a biomarker of aquatic pollution”.

Next decide on concepts and keywords for searching - fish histology; biomarker; aquatic pollution- Use synonyms or related keywordsThey will become basis of your search strategy

Boolean Search Operators

When searching the UJ Library Catalogue, the Databases or the Internet websites, using Boolean Operators helps you broaden or narrow your search and its results.

AND narrows your search For example: Fish histology AND biomarker will retrieve information in which

both keywords are used OR broadens your searchYou will retrieve results in which either word or both appear in the articleFor example: oxystele variagata OR oxystele impervia ;

oxystele variagata OR variegated topshel NOT excludes certain terms Your search results will exclude the term after NOTPhrase Search Use the quotation marks to search for results that contained those words

together, rather than search for all instances of each separate word

Example for a Search Strategy

HOW TO FIND FULL-TEXT JOURNALS: UJLINK: LIBRARY CATALOGUE

A – TO – Z JOURNAL LISTOPEN ACCESS SCIENCE JOURNALS

HOW TO FIND SPECIFIC JOURNALS IN PRINT AND ONLINE: : UJLink

Search for Print & Electronic Journals

per TITLE

HOW TO FIND SPECIFIC JOURNALS IN PRINT AND ONLINE: A-to-Z LIST

Search for Online & Print

JOURNAL

Journals search: A-to-Z LIST

HOW TO FIND ARTICLES FOR A RESEARCH TOPIC DATABASES SEARCHES

GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Finding Current Information in Online DatabasesJournal Articles Search

You are required to search for Journal Articles References (current/ latest information on a subject, print or online)

Consider the use of the Online Databases available in the library. For example:

- Parasitology Databases (1 user; abstracts with some full-text links)- ISI Science Citation Index (Bibliographic)- ScienceDirect (full-text articles from 1995+)- SpringerLink (full-text articles from vol.1)- Wiley Online Library (full-text articles from 1997+)- Cambridge Journals Online (full-text 1997+, incl. “Parasitology” journal)- EbscoHost (full-text + abstracts only)More databases available on the Zoology Subject Portal:

http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbwiki.com/Zoology

Zoology Databases: Search for Academic Articles

How to Search the Online Databases for Journal Articles

Go to the Sciences Librarian Portal or to Zoology Subject Portal Click on: Top Zoology Databases If you are off-campus your Surname & Student number gives you an

access; Click on a relevant Database to get started with your search. (see the

suggested databases) If the Database opens with a list of individual Databases, please choose

the ones you would like to search-in and click on Search/Continue; The databases have Basic and Advanced search screen options; NOTE: Each database can be searched with the help of THESAURES,

TOPICS, INDEXES.

How to Search the Online Databases for Journal Articles

In the Search/Find box, type the terms/keywords representing your topic (For South African information, please add “South Africa” as a keyword)

You can combine your keywords with the Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to narrow or broaden your search;

Additional limitations, which can narrow your search results are: full-text articles only, years you want to search, type of documents you want to retrieve (scholarly journals; magazines, books, dissertations, etc.).

If no results are displayed, check your spelling, change your keywords, use less keywords, add a keyword or use a synonym for the keyword;

Parasitology Database (1user)

SEARCH BY USING

VARIOUS KEYWORDS

Results list-Search Terms Used

-Abstracts-Ranking of results

-Links to UJLink

RefWorksAn online research management, writing and collaboration tool -- to help

researchers easily gather, manage, store and share all types of information, as well as generate citations and bibliographies

Finding & Evaluating Information on Internet

You are asked to cite no more than 3 Internet Resources

How to evaluate Internet Resources?

- Author (person or organisation) Look at the URL for: ac, edu, gov, org… websites

- Content (reliable, accurate, objective, the user group) - Layout (functional and practical, etc.)- Date (how recent is the information)

Organising & Evaluating Your References/Information

Information Overload? Not enough references? Plan your Search Strategy (keywords, Booleans, Databases) Make sure you keep track of your references (print, save full-text) Evaluate the sources you have found, paying attention to their relevance,

purpose, value, accuracy, and authors’ credibility. Remember that Internet sources should also be evaluated for bias and

inaccuracies, and you should pay attention to whether the sites present facts or opinions.

As you start to create an outline of your project or paper, note areas where you need more information.

Organise your information so you find what you need, when you need it

Acknowledging Resources (Referencing & Citing)

From the start of your University career, particularly when you produce written work and presentations, you will be expected to acknowledge any sources eg books, papers, web sites, etc that you have used in the production of your work.

Consult the Plagiarism Portal available through the Sciences Librarian Portal

(http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbwiki.com/Library-Resources%3A-Plagiarism) Consult the Harvard method reference techniques – available on the

Sciences Portal Consult your supervisor, which Harvard method you need to follow.

It could be a specific ZOOLOGY JOURNAL.

REFERENCE TECHNIQUES

To access full Reference Techniques document, go to the Library main page:

http://www.uj.ac.za/library Click on: Reference Techniques

ORConsult the reference techniques from

“African Zoology”Online full-text access: SA E-Publications or Academic

Search Complete (EbscoHost)

REFERENCE TECHNIQUES: TERMINOLOGY

Citation: recognizing resources in-text (to support an “argument”/conclusion)

Reference list: List of resources used – bibliographic details

Bibliography: list of relevant documents – used and additional reading material

REFERENCE TECHNIQUES

Avoid Plagiarism by: Keeping a record of all the sources - books, e-mails,

lectures (when, who, what?) Linking own ideas with that obtained from sources Collecting/using a wide range of sources Acknowledge, acknowledge, acknowledge!

Basic in-text referencing (citing)

In-text reference where the author of the source is knownSimply use whatever you used as author in the reference, as well as the year of publication. Always insert the page number where possible.Examples:…the result of this is a “technical super identity” (Erikson, 1967:20).Azar and Martin (1999) found that… (As part of the sentence)…thus Cox (1966:52) refers to the modern urbanite as…

In-text reference to more than one source:In-text reference to more than one author should be ordered alphabetically.Examples:More recent studies (Bartlett, 1992; James, 1998) show that…The researchers (Bartlett, 1992:54; Brown, 1876:56; James, 1998:45) refer to…

GENERAL FORMS FOR REFERENCE LISTS

Non-periodicalAuthor, A.A. (1994). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Non-periodicals include items published separately: books, reports,brochures, certain monographs, manuals, and audiovisual media.

Part of a Non-periodicalAuthor, A.A. & Author, B.B. (1994). Title of chapter. In Title of book. Edited by Editor, A., Editor, B. & Editor, C. Location: Publisher.

PeriodicalAuthor, A.A., Author, B.B. & Author, C.C. (1994). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx:xxx-xxxx. (Volume/Issue number/Pages)

Periodicals include items published on a regular basis: journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc.

Online periodicalAuthor, A.A., Author, B.B. & Author, C.C. (2000). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx:xxx-xxxx. (Volume/Issue number/Pages) Available from: web address (Accessed day Month year).

Online documentAuthor, A.A. (2000). Title of work. Available from: web address (Accessed day Month year).