Project Guide: Project Members:

Mr. Manmohan Shukla Abhishek Bajpai

Devanshu GuptaHarshit SrivastavaKushagra Chawla

Introduction

› Lexeme Generator reads the source program character by character to produce tokens.

› Involves scanning the program to be compiled and recognizing the tokens making up the source statements.

› Designed to recognize keywords, operators, identifiers, constants, character strings, etc.

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Role of Lexeme Generator

› First phase of translation

› Recognizes tokens and ignores white spaces & comments

› Generates token stream

› Error reporting

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Terminology

› Lexemes, Tokens & Patterns Lexemes: The Smallest Logical Unit of the Program

Ex. Sequence of Characters 10.0, Roll, int….. Tokens: Classes of similar Lexemes are identified

as a tokenEx. Identifier, Keywords, Constants

Patterns: It is a rule which describes the token.

› Lexeme is matched against pattern to generate token.

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Attribute for Tokens

› Lexeme Generator has to provide additional information when more than one pattern matches a lexeme.

› e.g. E = M * C ^ 2<ID, pointer to symbol- table entry for E><assign-op> no attribute needed<ID, pointer to symbol- table entry for M><mult-op><ID, pointer to symbol- table entry for C><exp-op><NUM, integer value 2>

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Block Diagram

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Lexeme Generator ParserSource

Program

Token

Get Next Token

SymbolTable

To SemanticAnalysis

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Input Output

› Sequence of characters

› A series of tokens : Punctuation ( ) ; , [ ] Operators + - * := Keywords begin end if

while Identifiers SquareRoot String literals “press Enter” Character literals ‘x’ Numeric literals

- Integer: 123- Floating point: 45.23

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Performance Issues

› Speed

• Lexical analysis can become bottleneck

• Minimize processing time per characterSkip blanks fastI/O is also an issue (read large blocks)

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Design Constraints

• Implemented in ‘C’ Language • No Database Connectivity

• Operating System : Windows XP

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SDLC Model

› Iterative waterfall model

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Level 0 DFD

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Level 1 DFD

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Any Questions ?