MARIE LORABELLE F. REBOYA | PROF DR. NAA| PSU-GOA | MAED INMLev Vygotsky

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Recap of past discussion.Introductory information about Lev VygotskyTheory of Lev Vygotsky and his beliefsCompare Vygotsky to Erik Erickson & Freud TheoryIntroduction

Concise Ideas of Simple Bio of Lev VygotskyWhat makes him do the TheoryAll about his Theory Comparison to Other TheoriesOverview

Recap of Stages of Development

All About Lev VygotskyOverview About Lev VygotskyRussian psychologist who made a great contribution in the fields of child development and cognitive psychology.He was born in Western Russia (present day Belarus) in 1896, same year as another famous psychologist,Jean Piaget. Known as the Mozart of Psychology because, just like the famous composer, Vygotsky came up with several different theories in a short span of time, demonstrating his ingenuity.Known as Social Development Theory.

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Lev Vygotsky was a Soviet developmental psychologist, a brilliant man known for developing several major theories including Zone of Proximal Development and Sociocultural Theory. Vygotsky's investigations of child development and educational psychology were influenced by his own Marxism a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of one's social origins and place in the scheme of production

Interesting Facts About Vygotsky Theory

Education.One reason why Vygotsky insisted that children should be tested twice was that he believed that instruction co-determines cognitive development. In his opinion, teachers should offer a level of instruction that is slightly beyond the childs level of individual performance but still lies within his or her zone of proximal development.His View in Instruction Management

ELEMENTARY - Vygotsky believed that instruction in elementary school leads the child to reflect on his or her own mental operations and to use them deliberately and efficiently. His favorite example was that of learning to write a letter. When I stood there he laughed at me, because the words there and he have no specific meaning outside the context hence the need to carefully consider what the recipient needs to know. The writing of a letter also requires a conscious plan. Vygotsky believed that training in letter writing led children to speak more deliberately and efficiently as wellLev Vygotsky view in Instruction

At secondary school Vygotsky recommended the teaching of what he calledscientific concepts. Scientific concepts form a system that covers the essential relationships in a certain domain of knowledge. Scientific concepts should be distinguished from theeveryday conceptsthat the child acquires independently or in interaction with peers and parentsFor example: The childs everyday concept of a king may focus on the kings clothes and his supposed power. Likewise, the childs everyday concept of a farmer may concern his appearance and the fact that he has cute animals. Lev Vygotsky Explain this by Concepts

The scientific concept of a king would involve knowledge about different monarchies and other forms of government. The scientific concept of a farmer would involve such interconnected notions as turnover, demand, supply, costs, profit, and market.Secondary (High School Level) K7-12

It is not only that they cover the non-accidental, genuine aspects of reality, but also that they form a systemic, interconnected whole. Vygotsky believed that everyday and scientific concepts should enrich each other (the everyday concepts giving body and flesh to the abstract scientific concepts), but he attached a leading role to the scientific concepts. Ideally, the mastery of scientific concepts should lead to a scientific way of thinking that spreads to the childs everyday thinking

Characteristic of Scientific Concepts

Inspired many Researcher to develop a new instructional programs.> A typical approach is to introduce children to the core concepts (scientific concepts) and essential relationships within a knowledge domain with the help of graphs and symbols that graphically depict them. The children are then taught to use these graphs and symbols independently as cultural tools that guide their thinking processHis Theory Contribution to Global Ideas

This theory started when Marxism was replaced by dictatorship . Individuals were expected to sacrifice their personal gains for the greater good of the nation; success of an individual was considered a success for the culture. This theory stressed the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition. He believed that since the development was greatly influenced by the culture, it varied from society to society, contradicting the beliefs of Jean Piaget, who maintained that the elementary steps in cognition development were universal.Sociocultural Theory

Were the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). MKO refers to someone who has a greater understanding or a higher skill level than the learner.There is a difference between what a child can achieve independently, called actual development, and what he can achieve with the guidance of an adult, called the level of potential development. Lev Vygotsky was the first psychologist to document the importance of self-talk for cognitive development.Main Principles of Vygotskys theories

Note: It is important to note that the terms cooperative learning, scaffolding and guided learning all have the same meaning within the literature.ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVT.

1. He believes that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition."Every function in the child's cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological)

The major theme of Vygotsky's theoretical Framework

2. A second aspect of Vygotsky's theory is the idea that the potential for cognitive development depends upon the "zone of proximal development" (ZPD): a level of development attained when children engage in social behavior.

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ExampleVygotsky (1978, p56) provides the example of pointing a finger. Initially, this behavior begins as a meaningless grasping motion; however, as people react to the gesture, it becomes a movement that has meaning. In particular, the pointing gesture represents an interpersonal connection between individuals.

Application

Vygotsky, however, believed that, through inner speech, a child regulated its activity and these children were more competent socially than those who did not indulge in it.

That each child as an individual learns distinctively. Consequently, the knowledge and skills that are worthwhile learning varies with the individual. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES.Summary:Social Development Theoryargues that social interaction precedes development; consciousness and cognition are the end product of socialization and social behavior.The overall goal of education according to Vygotsky is to "generate and lead development which is the result of social learning through internalization of culture and social relationships.Summary of Vygotsky Theory in Education

Lev Vygotsky Socio Cultural Development

Listen & compare FREUDS THEORYERIKSONS THEORYKOHLBERGS THEORY Listen to The Different Theory compared to VYGOTSKY THEORY

Vygotsky to Erikson Theory

Kohlberg's Theory

Recap of FREUDS THEORY

Marxism the political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism. Individuals were expected to sacrifice their personal gains for the greater good of the nation; success of an individual was considered a success for the culture.ZPD Zone of Proximal Development

Vocabulary

In conclusion, a teacher's focus should be to provide assistance to students in need, and provide cultural tools as educational resources. In giving instructions we teachers, administrators, graduate students should provide for group and peer learning, in order for our students, staffs or other work related in application of this theory to have support each other through the discovery process. Especially in today's diverse classroom, the teacher needs to be sensitive to her student's cultural background and language, and be an active participant in his knowledge construction.Conclusion for MaEd & Instructional Mgr

Give me an example of situations wherein you can apply Lev Vygotsky ZPD. Why do we need to Study Stages & Theory of Developments in foundations of Education. What are the relevance on this in improving our Instructional Managements? In your work or designations do you think learning these things are important & has relevance in application to your job?Write in 3-5 sentences summarize what you have learned in each theory? If you are going to apply a theory, what theory you would apply to improve your instructions? Why & how? Points= 20Questions & Answers

List the resources you used for your research.http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/lev-vygotsky-5998.php#rehl6tj9Yiq02LOE.99Encyclopedia.comWikipediaKhan Academy Online https://www.khanacademy.org/

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