lessons learned from 30 years of managing the great barrier ... documents/habitat...2006/05/11 ·...
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Lessons learned from 30 years of managing the
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
John Tanzer
Executive Director GBRMPA
Marine Conservation Conference, Stralsund
May 2006
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Outline of talk
• Key dates • Overview of size & complexity of GBR• Main management tools, zoning• Key issues facing GBR• The rezoning program (RAP) • Some lessons learnt
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Key dates - GBRMP
1975 - Act passed; Marine Park boundary only1983 - first Zoning Plan completed for part only1988 - entire MP zoned (four major sections zoned
sequentially)1995- Plans of Mgt (Cairns, Whitsundays)1998 - major restructure, Critical Issues approach
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Key dates cont
1998 - two sections rezoned, but recognition of need for GBR-wide representative approach; RAP commenced
2000 – Trawl Management Plan 2002 – Reef Water Quality Protection Plan2003 - new ZP to Parliament; and approved2004 - new ZP came into effect on 1 July 2005 – Implementation, Community Partnerships
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The Great Barrier Reef – roughly equivalent to the size of the Baltic Sea...
….but only one adjoining State!
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GBRMP is much more than just coral reefs ….
GBRMP also includes:• mangroves• sandy & coral cays• continental islands • seagrass beds (shallow & deepwater)• algal & sponge ‘gardens’• sandy and muddy inter-reefal communities• deep ocean troughs.
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Importance of marine connectivity
(Source: R Kelly, ACRS)
The Red Emperor spends different stages of its life cycle
utilising different habitats
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Socio-economic values
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2000
3000
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Industry value
($million)
Tourism Beef SugarHorticulture
Rec. FishingCom. Fishing
Reef and Catchment Industries (1999 -2000)
Productivity Commission Report, 2003
Registered Recreational Vessels – GBR Catchment
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Entire GBR Marine Park protected by law since 1975…
… managed as a multiple-usemarine park, with zoning as one of
the main management tools….
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Variety of management tools for a multi-use GBRMP
• Legislation (GBRMP Act & Regulations) • Zoning Plan – subordinate legislation• Permits• Education• Surveillance and enforcement• Plans of Management• Site Plans/Special Management Areas• Economic instruments (eg. EMC)• Best Environmental Practices/Codes of Practice• Partnerships
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Zoning for multiple use
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Complementary management
• Federal & State (Queensland) Governments cooperate in management of the GBR.
• Field management undertaken mainly by the Queensland agencies including:
– Queensland Parks & Wildlife Service
– Queensland Boating & Fisheries Patrol
– Queensland Water Police
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Complementary management (cont)
• Other Federal agencies cooperate in surveillance & enforcement:
• Coastwatch• Customs• Commonwealth Department of Public
Prosecutions• Australian Federal Police• Australian Maritime Safety Authority
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The Great Barrier Reef Regionis ‘under pressure’…
Pressures include:• Downstream effects of landuse (water quality
issues)• Increasing fishing effort and impacts• Increasing coastal developments• Shipping & pollution incidents• Increasing tourism and recreation• Climate change/coral bleaching
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• > $5.1 billion industry• Management of competing and
conflicting use• New technologies• Increasing range and types of
services
Sustainable Tourism
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Sustainable Fishing
• Recreational fishing ~ $610 million• Commercial fishing ~ $150 million
• Trawlers, reef line, inshore net & harvest
• Indigenous fishing
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Species Conservation
• Dugong • Turtles (6 spp)• Whales and dolphins• Sharks• Other biodiversity values
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INDIGENOUS CO-MANAGEMENT
• Traditional hunting and fishing
• Co-operative approach
• Traditional Use of marine Resource Agreements
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Hard at work
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Water Quality
• Sediment, nutrients & contaminants from land• Management of diffuse and point sources of pollution• Catchment degradation
• Loss of wetlands & habitats• Sewage & vessel discharges• Oil spills
• Coastal developments
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Coastal Growth / Sea Change
• Increasing demands on coastal resources, land, infrastructure and services
• Increasing population growth in coastal zone
• Pressure on coastal councils
• Engagement of coastal community
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Climate change
• Impacts dramatic, immediate & significant
• 2 mass coral bleaching events on GBR – 1998 & 2002
• Bleaching in southern GBR 2006
Working to build resilience
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Pre - RAP Zoning
Late 1990s
Preserv Zone Preserv Zone ((‘‘no gono go’’)) 0.1%
Marine Nat ParkMarine Nat Park ((‘‘no takeno take’’)) 4.6%
Scien ResearchScien Research 0.01%
Buffer Zone Buffer Zone (trolling only)(trolling only) 0.1%
Conserv Park Conserv Park (limited fishing)(limited fishing) 0.6%
Habitat Prot Habitat Prot (no trawling)(no trawling) 15.2%
General Use General Use (reasonable use)(reasonable use) 77.9%
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Revised Zoning
Plan
1 July 2004
Preserv ZonePreserv Zone 0.2% (0.1%)
Marine Nat ParkMarine Nat Park 33.3% (4.6%)
Scien ResearchScien Research 0.05% (0.01%)
Buffer ZoneBuffer Zone 2.9% (0.1%)
Conserv ParkConserv Park 1.5% (0.6%)
Habitat Prot Habitat Prot 28.2% (15.2%)
General UseGeneral Use 33.8% (77.9%)
250 km offshore
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Huge changes between the Draft Zoning Plan and the Final Zoning Plan
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DRAFT Zoning Plan
Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) Data
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FINAL Zoning Plan
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Changes to recognising recreational fishing concerns
70% of nominated GPS marks in submissions remain fishable and many community zoning requests were implemented
"The Western Warregoes is one of the most important fishing grounds in this area….."
Deepwater National Park - "A blue/yellow strip"
Major variations evident from Draft Zoning Plan to suit commercial and recreational fishing interests
"Boult and Fitzroy reefs to be zoned blue….."
“Llewellyn Reef to be located in a green zone”
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• A 3-fold difference in coral trout biomass between zones – blue (fished) & green (no-take)
• A 2-fold difference in density of prey fish of coral trout between zones
• Suggests a trophic effect of fishing and zoning
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Whitsunday Islands Palm IslandsAve
rage
den
sity
per
site
(150
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+/- S
E
BlueGreen
P < 0.001
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1000
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Whitsunday Islands Palm Islands
Ave
rage
bio
mas
s (g
) per
site
(1
500m
2 ) +/-
SE
BlueGreen
Graham, Evans and Russ (2003)
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How critical was the rezoning program?
• The rezoning alone will not save the GBR…. but it is a fundamental component, essential for conserving habitats and ecosystem processes, to ensure the Great Barrier Reef remains GREAT for the future.
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Key strategies to increase the resilience of the GBR
• Improving water quality (Reef Water Quality Protection Plan)• Increasing biodiversity protection (Representative Areas
Program)• Promoting sustainable fisheries (Queensland Fisheries
Management Plans)• Developing sound policy re effects of climate change on reefs
(Climate Change Action Plan)
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Various community and Various community and stakeholder committees have been stakeholder committees have been
established to assist GBRMPAestablished to assist GBRMPA1. GBR Consultative Committee is required by the Act
and has statutory obligations;
2. Four Reef Advisory Committees (one for each of four critical issues; voluntary);
3. Ten Local Marine Advisory Committees along GBR coast (all voluntary)
4. All are advisory and have specific terms of reference, roles & responsibilities
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CommunityCommunity--based monitoringbased monitoring
• CAP Reef• Reef Water Quality Protection Plan
monitoring• Eye on the Reef• Bleach Watch• COTS Watch• Seagrass Watch• Reef Check
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a sound legislative and regulatory framework (GBRMP Act 1975 & EPBC Act 1999)
ecosystem-level management … and management influence over a wider context than just the MPA/WHA
national consensus and international recognition that the GBR is ‘iconic’ and worth conserving
well developed institutional arrangements with the adjacent jurisdiction (Queensland) including complementary legislation
ongoing research and monitoring programs, prioritised to provide information for management
Reasons for effective management of the GBRMP?
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Lessons learnt• Must integrate fisheries into ecosystem
management• Align research, monitoring and management• Avoid ‘scientific holding patterns’• Effective compliance• Transparency and public debate• Effective communication – tell the story• Management requires public support• Community participation and ownership
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au
Thank youThank you
For more information
www.gbrmpa.gov.au