lessons by bebek

7/30/2019 Lessons by Bebek

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Lessons by bebek_kiz

Beginner Level Lessons (15)

1.lesson 1 - suffix meli/mallearning the suffix meli/mal

2.lesson 2 - lazm

learn the suffix lazm3.lesson 3 - suffix lazm deillazm deil

4.lesson 4 - the suffix I can ebilir/abilir

5.lesson 5 - The suffix I cantamaz/emez

6.lesson 6 - the suffix letlearn the let suffix

7.lesson 7 - numbers (1-10)

learning to count in turkish

8.Lesson 8 - numbers (11-20)learning to count in turkish number 11-20

9.Lesson 9 - learn the alphabetAlphabet

10.Past tensedi/d/du/d

11.Personal Pronounsim/in/iz/siniz/ler

12.Possessive pronounsim/in/i/imiz/iniz/leri

13.Todays day is.........How to write what day it is in turkish

14.Todays dateWhat is the date

15.Negativesdeil

lesson 1 - suffix meli/malTo express need in english we use, need, have to, must, in turkish we use the

suffixmeli/mal. For example: gitmeliyim I must go. When making an express need

sentence in turkish just remember this formula:

verb + meli/mal+ personal suffix

The Personal suffixes for this suffix are:

I must + im

You must + sinHe/she/it must + no personal ending
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we must + iz

you must + siniz

They must + ler

Lets do an example

I must come

gel + meli +yimgelmeliyim

Before we move on take a look at the y at the end of the turkish sentence. If you dont know

what the y is then in turkish this is called the buffer letter. A buffer letter basically separates

two vowels from sitting together. We will have a separate lesson on the buffer letter another

time so wont go in to detail about it now but just wanted to point this out to you.

Lets do another example

I must take

al + mal + ym

almalym

Now with the sentence above can you see that there are no dots above the is. Take a look at

theverb

al

the turkish vowels are

e i

a o u

I saythe e i are the front vowels

and

the a o u are the back vowels

In this suffix:

If the last letter of the verb is e i then the (y)im/sin/iz/siniz/ler would be used

If you last letter of the verb is a o u then the (y)m/sn/z/lar would be used

SO

git + meli + yim

(in the verb is the vowel i + so the suffix would be meli + and then the personal

suffix would be (y)im)

al + mal + ym

(in the verb is the vowel a + so the suffix would be mal + and then the personalsuffix would be (y)m)


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Here are a few examples to make use with the front vowels:

I must give -ver + meli + yim - vermeliyim

You must go - git + meli + sin - gitmelisin

He must watch - izle + meli - izlemeli

We must come - gel + meli +yiz - gelmeliyizYou must see - gr + meli + siniz - grmelisiniz

They must send - gnder + meli + ler - gndermeliler

Here are a few examples to make use with the back vowels:

I must stay - kal + mal +ym - kalmalym

You must take - al + mal + sn - almalsn

He must believe - inan + mal - inanmal

We must be - ol + mal +yz - olmalyz

You must do -yap + mal + snz -yapmalsnz

They must put - koy+ mal + lar - koymallar

Try making up your own examples and seeing how you get on. Keep going over the

lesson until you feel confident that you know this suffix.

lesson 2 - lazmto say have to in turkish you use the word, lazm. The formula to use is:

verb + me/ma + personal suffix + lazm

The Personal suffixes

I have to - m

You have to - n

he/she/it has to - si/s

We have to - miz/mz

You have to - niz/nz

They have to - leri/lari

Lets do an example:

I have to come

gel + me + m + lazm

gelmem lazm

You have to stay

kal + ma + n + lazmkalman lazm


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Lets do some more examples examples using only the front vowels

I have to go

git + me + m + lazm

gitmem lazm

You have to give

ver + me + n + lazm

vermen lazm

He has to see

gr + me + si + lazm

grmesi lazm

We have to send

gnder + me + miz + lazm

gndermemiz lazm

You have to learn

ren + me + niz + lazm

renmeniz lazm

They have to marry

evlen + me + leri + lazm

evlenmeleri lazm

Now lets look at some examples using the back vowels

I have to take

al + ma + m + lazm

almam lazm

You have to put

koy + ma + n + lazm

koyman lazm

He have to believe

inan + ma + s + lazm

inanmas lazm

We have to speakkonu + ma + mz + lazm


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konumamz lazm

You have to read

oku + ma + nz + lazm

okumanz lazm

They have to startbala + ma + lar + lazm

balamalar lazm

lesson 3 - suffix lazm deilThe suffix lazm deil basically means dont have to.

gelmem lazm deil (I dont have to come)

Just remember

verb + me/ma + personal pronoun + lazm deil

The personal pronouns used are exactly the same as the lazm pronouns

I dont have to M

You dont have to N

He doesnt have to SI

We dont have to MIZ

You dont have to NIZ

They dont have to leri/lar

Now lets do a few examples

I dont have to go

git + me + mlazm deil

gitmem lazm deil

You dont have to be

ol + ma + nlazm deil

olman lazm deil

He doesnt have to watch

izle + me + silazm deil

izlemesi lazm deil

We dont have to take

al + ma + mzlazm deil

almamz lazm deil


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You dont have to write

yaz + ma + nzlazm deil

yazmanz lazm deil

They dont have to believe

inan + ma + larlazm deilinanmalar lazm deil

How have you got on with understanding the above?

Lets do some more basic sentences and see how you get on

I dont have to chat Sohbet etmem lazm deil

You dont have to come to town Kasabaya gelmen lazm deil

He doesnt have to go now imdi gitmesi lazm deil

We dont have to stay here Burada kalmamz lazm deil

You dont have to believe inanmanz lazm deil

They dont have to hear Duymalar lazm deil

lesson 4 - the suffix I canTo sayI can in Turkish you use the suffix ebilir.Example

gelebilirim - I can come

Just remember

verb + ebilir/abilir + personal suffix

Personal suffixes

I can imYou can Sin

We can No suffix is used

We can iz

You can siniz

They can ler/lar

So for example if we wanted to say

we can stay

we would write askal + abilir + iz


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kalabiliriz

I can promise

sz ver + ebilir + im

sz verebilirim

He can watchizle + ebilir

izleyebilir

now look closely at the last sentence, he can watch, do you notice anything?

izle +y+ ebilir

Theres thatbuffer y, can you remember why the buffer y was put there? talked about it briefly in

a previous lesson. Thebuffer letter yis put in place there to keep the 2 vowels e and e from

being put together.

Using the method above try making up your own sentences

lesson 5 - The suffix I cantTo say I cant in turkish you use the suffix emez/amaz

example

You cant be

ol + amaz + sn

olamazsn

I cant emem/amam

You cant emezsin

He cant emez

We cant emeyiz

You cant emezsiniz

They cant emezler

Looking at the chart above have you noticed anything different?

Try looking at

I cant

and

We cant

Can you see anything different now?

Withyou cant, he cant, you cant and they cantyou use emez/amaz

but


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with I cant you use emem

and

withWe cant you use emeyiz

So for the sentence

I cant come

gel + eme + mgelemem

We cant stay

kal + ama +yz

kalamayz

Look at some examples below

I cant come gelemem

You cant be olamazsn

He cant take alamaz

We cant see gremeyiz

You cant give veremezsiniz

They cant believe inanamazlar

Now try making your own sentences and seeing how well you do

lesson 6 - the suffix letThis lesson is for the let suffix

verb + a/e + personal suffix

Personal suffixes

Let me im

Let you sin

Let him No suffix

Lets lim

Let you siniz

Let them sinler

Example

Let me beol + a +ym

olaym


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(notice thebuffer y)

Let you come

gel + e + sin

gelesin

Let him takeal + sn

alsn

have you noticed with let him/her/it we havent added the a before the personal suffix?

With the let him/her/it you dont: you simply either add just the a/e or just sin

Let her come

gel + sin

gelsin

Lets believe

inan + a + lm

inanalm

Let you give

ver + e + siniz

veresiniz

Let them promise

sz ver + sinler

sz versinler

Have you noticed with let them we havent added the a before the personal suffix? like the

let him/her/it you dont: you simply add sinler

lesson 7 - numbers (1-10)1 bir

2 iki

3

4 drt

5 be

6 alt

7 yedi

8 sekiz

9 dokuz10 on


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Past tenseTo say for example what happened in the past you would use the suffix di (the past tense suffix)

di/d/du/d(depending on vowel harmony)

Lets do an example

Lets take the verb kalmak - to stay

first take the mak away leaving you with just the verb base kal

then can you see that the last vowel in the verb is a

so we use d

kal-dkald

Now lets take the verb gelmek - to come

First take the mek away leaving you with just the verb base gel

then you can see that the last vowel in the verb is e

so we use di

gel-di

geldi

If the last letter in the verb is either

k p t

then the d will change to t

ti/t/tu/t

example:

gitmek - to go

take the mek away and you are left with the verb stem git

the i is the last vowel in the verb

so we use ti

git ti

gitti

I M

You N

he/she/it NO PERSONAL ENDING

We K

You niz/nz/nuz/nz (depending on vowel harmony)


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They Ler/Lar

I came - gel di m

You saw - gr d n

He stayed - kal d

We went - git ti k

You put - koy tu nuzThey did -yap t lar

To turn past tense sentences negative simply include me/ma

example:

gel me di m

gelmedim (I did not come)

al ma d n

almadn (you did not take)koy ma d

koymad (she did not put)

gr me di k

grmedik (we did not see)

ye me di niz

yemediniz (you did not eat)

Ziyaret et me di ler

Ziyaret etmediler (they did not visit)

Asking question in past tense

to ask a question simply add mi? (m/mu/m) to the end of the sentences

example:

geldim mi? - did I come?

grdn m? - did you see?

kald m? - did he stay?

ziyaret ettik mi? - did we visit?

unuttunuz mu? - did you forget?

yapdlar m? - did they do?

Try to do your own sentences until you can be sure that you have learnt this suffix :)


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Personal PronounsI (ben) - I am =benim

You (sen) - You are = senin

He/she/it (o) -

We (biz) We are =biz- iz

You (siz) You are = siz- siniz

They (onlar) They are = onlar - lar

Now lets look at some examples:

Gzel

I am beautiful Ben gzel-im gzelim

You are beautiful Sen gzel-in gzelin

He is beautiful O gzel gzel

We are beautiful Biz gzel-iz gzeliz

You are beautiful Siz gzel-siniz gzelsiniz

They are beautiful Onlar gzel-ler gzeller

Hasta

I am sick ben hasta-ym hastaym

You are sick sen hasta-sn hastasn

He is sick O hasta hasta

We are sick Biz hasta-yz hastayz

You are sick Siz hasta-snz hastasnz

They are sick Onlar hasta-lar hastalar

You might have noticed with I am sick and we are sick that we have added a y between the

hasta and the personal pronoun. That is because hasta ends in a vowel a and the pronoun

starts with a vowel ...in turkish you must not put two vowels together, so in order to keep them

apart you add the buffer letter y between the vowels

Possessive pronounsMy (ben-im)

Your (sen-in)

His/her/its (onun - i

Our (biz-imiz)

Your (Siz-iniz)

Their (onlar-leri)

Lets do some examples:


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lets look at house which is ev in turkish

My house - benim ev-im - evim

Your house - senin ev-in - evin

His house - onun ev-i - evi

Our house - bizim ev-imiz - evimiz

Your house - sizin ev-iniz - evinizTheir house - onlarn ev-leri - evleri

What about Car which is araba in turkish

My car - benim araba-m - arabam

Your car - senin araba-n - araban

his car - onun araba-s - arabas

Our car - bizim araba-mz - arabamz

Your car - sizin araba-nz - arabanz

Their car - onlarn araba-lar - arabalar

Did you notice anything different? Look at the personal suffixes added to araba and then look at the

suffixes added to ev.... Have you noticed that in my house for example, we wrote it as evIm but when

we wrote, my car we wrote it as, arabaM and we left the out.

Thats because the last letter of araba is a vowel a so we must drop the off the personal suffix. So

instead of arabam we just say, arabam. Did you also notice that with for example, his car we wrote it

as, arabaS....we added that letter s. That again is because of the vowel at the end of araba, we are

simply just separating the vowels.

my child - benim ocuk-um - ocuum

Your child - senin ocuk-un - ocuun

his child - onun ocuk-u - ocuu

our child - bizim ocuk-umuz - ocuumuz

your child - sizin ocuk-unuz - ocuunuz

their child - onlarn ocuk-lar - ocuklar

my mum - benim anne-im - annem

your mum - senin anne-in - annenhis mum - onun anne-i - annesi

our mum - bizim anne-imiz - annemz

your mum - sizin anne-iniz - anneniz

their mum - onlarn anne-leri - anneleri

Todays day is.........To write what the day is in turkish is simple. Will take today, which is Friday. How would one tell

someone that today is Friday. With the short sentence below:


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bugn gnlerden Cuma

Today is Friday

boo-goongoon-lair-denju-ma

Now for the rest of the days:

bugn gnlerden Pazartesi

Today is Monday

bugn gnlerden Sal

Today is Tuesday

bugn gnlerden aramba

Today is Wednesday

bugn gnlerden Perembe

Today is Thursday

bugn gnlerden Cuma

Today is Friday

bugn gnlerden Cumartesi

Today is Saturday

bugn gnlerden Pazar

Today is Sunday

Todays dateTo write the date in Turkish

Lets take todays date

iki aralkCuma iki bin on bir

2 December Friday 2011

Friday 2 December 2011

Lets look at some more dates:

on ocak on bir on iki

10 January 2012

on be ocak on bir on iki

15 January 2012


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yirmi drt ubat on bir on iki

24 February 2012

Try and work out some of the dates below and translate them in to English:

on bir eyll on bir on iki

otuz aralk on bir on ikiyirmi dokuz kasm on bir on iki

yirmi sekiz austos on bir on iki

on be mays on bir on iki

dokuz mart on bir on iki

The answers below:

11 September 2012

30 December 2012

29 November 2012

28 August 2012

15 May 2012

9 March 2012

NegativesNegatives in Turkish

deil

bu bir araba deil - This is not a car

o ok gzel deil - She is not very beautiful

bu araba beyaz deil - This car is not white

bu ev satlk deil - This house is not for sale

bu araba onun deil -bu araba onun deil

bu araba ucuz deil - This car is not cheap

bu ocuk hasta deil - This child is not sick

bu duvar seviye deil - This wall is not levelbu ofis ak deil - This office is not open


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Now you have an idea of how to make a sentence negative try and make up your own negative

sentences

lessons by bebek

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