L.O: STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN HOW IP ADDRESSES ARE

ADDRESSES IN A NETWORK OF NETWORKS.

15-30 minutes (<1 class period)

DO NOW:READ

Unit 4 Lab 3: Communication Protocols, Page 1

The Internet isn't just a network of computers. It's a network of networks.

The connection points are called routers,

This is a router.Routers are networking devices that route traffic between subnetworks on the Internet.

Every device on the Internet has a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address (routers can

have more than one.How do you think the routers know

where to find the computer you want?

The router uses the IP addresses to find a particular computer.

The Internet Protocol specifies how a router handles a request for another IP address.

Routers are like crossing guards for internet traffic

Why does this graph of the Internet look like a tangle in the middle with fireworks

on the outsides?

How this shape is related to how people connect to the Internet (though an Internet Service Provider,

etc.). Write out a brief description and/or explain it to someone else

1.Visit http://bot.whatismyipaddress.com/ for your current IP address.

2.Visit http://ipinfo.io/. What information does that page give you?

You can add any IP address to the end of that URL like this:

http://ipinfo.io/72.229.28.185

Dark blue: net, ca, us

Green: com, orgRed: mil, gov, eduYellow: jp, cn, tw,

au, deMagenta: uk, it,

pl, frGold: br, kr, nl

The partial Internet diagram from January 2005, described in detail below.

The amount of detailed information available from an IP address is pretty amazing (and a little scary), especially when

you think about the ways that information can be used.

Some of the information might have slight

inaccuracies. IP addresses often give the location of

an Internet service provider, usually from a

nearby location.

What information do you see associated

with this IP?How can it be

misused?

The internet is currently using IPv4 (IP version 4)

IPv4 is a 32 bit address. big enough for 232 different computers. That’s four billion IP addresses but Earth has 7

billion people. There isn’t enough IP addresses!

IPv6 is the long-term solution. The new IP addresses are 128 bits wide. Enough for 2128 (~ 1038

computers).Is your address in IPv4 or IPv6?

Every computer has its own IP address…but most likely the router in your home or school makes all the computers SHARE a

single IP address on the internet.

The router that creates the local network gives each computer a local address. For example, although the outside world may think someone's computer has IP address 108.26.181.226, that computer itself might

think its address is 192.168.1.11.

Look up your current local IP address in your system preferences or settings. It's usually under network or

internet settings and may be listed with the computer device supporting that connection (wifi, ethernet, wifi, bluetooth,

etc.).

The 192.168 domain (the block of IP addresses that all start with 192.168) is reserved for local

networks, but no computer on the Internet has an address in that range. Another such domain is

10.0.

Now let’s Read Blown to Bits pages 301-306.

Enduring Understandings:

• EU 6.1 The Internet is a network of autonomous systems.• EU 6.2 Characteristics of the

Internet influence the systems built on it.

Learning Objectives:

1. LO 6.1.1 Explain the abstractions in the Internet and how the Internet functions. [P3]

2. LO 6.2.1 Explain characteristics of the Internet and the systems built on it. [P5]

3. LO 6.2.2 Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]

Essential Knowledge:• EK 6.1.1B An end-to-end architectures facilitates

connecting new devices and networks on the Internet.• EK 6.1.1C Devices and networks that make up the

Internet are connected and communicate using addresses and protocols.

• EK 6.1.1D The Internet and the systems built on it facilitate collaboration.

• EK 6.1.1E Connecting new devices to the Internet is enabled by assignment of an Internet protocol (IP) address.

Essential Knowledge:• EK 6.1.1F The Internet is built on evolving standards,

including those for addresses and names.• EK 6.1.1H The number of devices that could use an IP

address has grown so fast that a new protocol (IPv6) has been established to handle routing of many more devices.

• EK 6.1.1I Standards such as hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), IP, and simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) are developed and overseen by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

• EK 6.2.1A The Internet and the systems built on it are hierarchical and redundant.

Essential Knowledge:• EK 6.2.1D Routing on the Internet is fault tolerant

and redundant.• EK 6.2.2B The redundancy of routing (i.e., more

than one way to route data) between two points on the Internet increases the reliability of the Internet and helps it scale to more devices and more people.

• EK 6.2.2D Interfaces and protocols enable widespread use of the Internet.

• EK 6.2.2E Open standards fuel the growth of the Internet.

Essential Knowledge:• EK 6.2.2F The Internet is a packet-switched

system through which digital data is sent by breaking the data into blocks of bits called packets, which contain both the data being transmitted and control information for routing the data.

• EK 6.2.2G Standards for packets and routing include transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP).

Essential Knowledge:• EK 6.2.2H Standards for sharing information

and communicating between browsers and servers on the Web include HTTP and secure sockets layer/transport layer security (SSL/TLS).

• EK 6.3.1M Certificate authorities (CAs) issue digital certificates that validate the ownership of encrypted keys used in secured communication and are based on a trust model.