The 21 DemandsIB HL Learning Objective

To place the 21 Demands in a thematic context/argument

Text of the 21 Demands

Starter: Historical Facts V Claims

Source A

Little Bo-Peep Has lost her sheep And doesn't know where to find them.

Leave them alone, And they'll come home

Wagging their tails behind them.

FACT is a statement describing something that really happened in the poem "Little Bo-Peep.”

A CLAIM is different: it is a statement of opinion based on fact.

Q1:Claim: Little Bo-Peep was careless with her

sheep. Which of the following supports that claim?

A.Where Bo-Peep left her sheep. B. What made Bo-Peep careless with her

sheep.C. What the sheep will do if Bo-Peep leaves

them alone. D. What the poem says about Bo-Peep

Q2:Claim: The sheep needed constant watching

from Bo-Peep. Which of the following is a fact that opposes this

claim? A.What the poem says the sheep will do. B. Where the poem says the sheep went.

C. What the sheep did when they were left alone. D. Where Bo-Peep looked for the sheep.

The Point?

Think back to last lesson and Fenby and Lary’s opposing viewpoints on the Chinese Revolution

Ready?

Q3:Fenby’s Claim: The Revolution of 1911 was no

‘Sea Change’Which of the following is a fact that opposes this

claim? A.Yuan Shikai took power.

B. Military not civilian power became the important factor .

C. The end of the law of avoidance. D. Foreign Powers continued to encroach on

China’s sovereignty.

Q4:Lary’s Claim: The Revolution of 1911 saw fundamental changes

Which of the following is a fact that supports this claim?

A. Yuan Shikai took power. B. Military not civilian power became dominant.

C. The end of the law of avoidance. D. Foreign Powers continued to encroach on

China’s sovereignty.

The 21 Demands: Main Points•Secret ultimatum in January 1915 (but

leaked quickly after)•Designed to give Japan control over China.•Required that China immediately cease its

leasing of territory to foreign powers• Gave Japanese control over Manchuria and

Shandong•The Japanese government sent a final

demand requiring agreement of the demands on 7 May 1915;

•The Chinese government agreed to Japan's demands, after group 5 was dropped

The 21 Demands: Effects

•The effects of the 'Twenty-One Demands' were subsequently annulled by the Washington Conference of 1921-22

•Yuan Shikai was forced to drop his plans to give up his imperial ambitions

• Japan agreed to withdraw its troops from Shandong and to restore sovereignty to

China.

Task: The 21 Demands•Make 5 questions on the 21 demands.

•These should range in difficulty with the last one being the most difficult.

•You are only allowed 2 recall questions max•Make a table for answers and then grill your

classmates

HW: Essay Plan Why did the Chinese republic fail?

1.In the first paragraph write your historical question and your hypothesis answering it

2. In the first sentence of the second paragraph claim your first reason for believing your hypothesis. In the sentences that follow within this

paragraph write:a) Facts that support this claim and explain why/how they do so

b) A counter argument that opposes the point you have made and the reasons for it.

c) Rebut the counter argument by explaining why it is incorrectd) A linking sentence to your next reason, which will be explained in the

next paragraph.3. Do exactly the same as the second paragraph with a new reason4. Do exactly the same as the third paragraph with a new reason

5. Do exactly the same as the fourth paragraph with a new reason6. Do exactly the same as the fifth paragraphs with a new reason

7. Write your conclusion restating your point

TOK LinkWe started the lesson by looking at facts and

claims in historical study

Can a historical claim supported by facts ever be proven beyond all doubt?

What wider inferences about the nature of historical knowledge did the starter exercise

show?

Could it have been made better? How?