Lesson Objectives• To identify the key features of

understanding of disease and infection in the Dark Ages, Middle Ages, Islamic World and Renaissance, (theories, treatments and who treated the sick)

• To evaluate the extent of progress, continuity and regress in understanding of disease and infection in these time periods

What were the key features of disease and infection in

these time periods?• In your teams you have post it notes.• You have 20 minutes as a class to discuss in

your teams key facts / dates / events / people etc

• You need to write as many of these key facts / features on the post its and then stick them on the correct piece of sugar paper for the time period

• We will then go through them as a class and points will be awarded

Dark Ages = Regress• Regression – remember at the beginning

there was continuity from Romans – briefly• Lack of central government• Lack of taxs• Barbarian rulers prioritised war over

education• No Galen / Hippocrates – no books or libraries

– most people illiterate• Church = dominant• Common sense medicine – plants / herbs• Local treatments by wise men / women

Islamic World = Progress• Kept ideas of Galen and Hippocrates• Trained Doctors• Empire run by Caliphs = interested in

science and education• Rhazes / Al Rhazi–• Avicenna / Ibn Sina –• Had hospitals• Doctors encouraged to challenge and

develop Hippocrates and Galen’s ideas

Middle Ages = slow progress

• Turning point = Crusades 1200 – soldiers from Europe went to Arab lands to reclaim Jerusalem – also brought back knowledge and ideas including Hippocrates and Galen

• Church = v. Powerful and reinforced supernatural – illness = God’s punishment but also took on Galen’s ideas as fitted with bible

• Criticising Galen = executed and Hell = regress long term

Middle Ages – who treated sick?• 1090 ish – new medical school in Salerno –

Southern Italy• Clinical Observation, Hippocrates and keeping

patients clean = stressed here• 1221 Holy Roman Emporer Frederick said that

‘Only Doctors approved at Salerno could practise medicine’

• More medical schools set up throughout MA in Italy and France – 14th Century Universities where Drs could train

• Difference between rich and poor – doctors expensive – poor people treated locally

Black Death – Middle Ages Case Study

• 1348 - Terrifying• 1/3 Europe• Bubonic – 5 day death – some

survived• Causes – God’s punishment, Jews,

Astronomy – planet alignment• Cures – Prayer, whipping self,

pilgrimage, herbal concoctions

Renaissance – continuity, some progress• Renaissance = rebirth – time of thinking

and new ideas• Challenged Galen and Hippocrates –

Paracelsus, burnt books of Galen in lecture• Trained doctor = expensive• Apothecaries – agreed with Paracelsus –

body = chemical make up so treat with chemicals

• Healers ‘Quacks’ – no official qualifications• Women cared for sick and were midwives• Cures = common sense and practical

Renaissance Case Study – Great Plague• 1665 – London

• 1/3 London = dead• Bubonic, Pneumonic, Septacaemic• Causes – God, Comets, Miasma, Cats

and Dogs• Cures – Prayer, herbal mixtures,

carrying sweet smelling flowers, killed cats and dogs

• Quack Doctors, nurses

Your Task• In your teams you will each be given 1 time

period from today’s lesson• You need to create a disease and infection

revision resource that covers;- Key features of the time period- Understanding / Theories of disease- Case study (if there is one)- Causes and cures practised at the time- Who treated the sick- You will be marked /5 by the rest of the class on

these (points count towards total)This can be a song / poem / picture / short play -

MAKE IT MEMORABLE!