Lesson:EXCRETION

The ExcretorySystems

Excretion is the process of removing metabolic wastes.

What does the excretory system do?

State Body Systems involved in excretion

Main Organ of excretion

Waste product

The Large Intestine Not all foods are digested and absorbed

by our body. The undigested food is passed into the

large intestine for temporary storage.  The undigested food contains a large

amount of water and dissolved minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium. 

Some of the water and the dissolved minerals are absorbed by the walls of the large intestine and returned to our body through blood circulation. 

The remaining solid waste after absorption is called feces. 

Feces contains bacteria, undigested food, bile, and the remaining water and minerals. 

It is discharged by the large intestine through the rectum.  It then leaves our body through the anus.

Excretion by Digestive System (Large Intestine)

State Body System

involved in excretion

Main Organ of excretion

Waste product

Solid Digestive System

Large intestine

feces

The Lungs

The lungs are not only organs of respiration but also organs of excretion. 

The lungs give off 1. carbon dioxide2. water vapor as waste products. 

These are picked up by the blood from the cells and brought to the lungs.  Then, the lungs give them off as we exhale or breathe out.

Excretion by Respiratory System (Lungs)

Gas Respiratory System

lungs Carbon dioxide

State Body System involved in excretion

Main Organ of excretion

Waste product

The Skin removes metabolic wastes.  These metabolic wastes move out of the blood vessels through the capillaries into the sweat glands.  The skin excretes the following:1. water2. urea 3. salt

Excretion by Integumentary System (Skin)

Excretion by Integumentary System (Skin) Each sweat gland has

a sweat tube that leads to a small opening in the skin’s

surface called pore. This is where water

and salt pass out of the skin. 

These wastes are collectively called

sweat or

perspiration.

Liquid a.

Integumentary System

Skin (Sweat glands)

Sweat or perspiration

State Body System involved in excretion

Main Organ of excretion

Waste product

Different Excretory SystemsState Body System

involved in excretion

Main Organ of excretion

Waste product

Solid Digestive System

Large intestine

feces

Gas Respiratory System

lungs Carbon dioxide

Liquid a.

Integumentary System

Skin (Sweat glands)

Sweat or perspiration

b.

? ? ?

Calories 90

(375 kJ)

% Daily Value 1

Total Fat 0g 0%

Sat. Fat 0g 0%

Trans Fat 0g  

Cholesterol 0mg 0%

Sodium 31mg 1%

Total Carbs.

25g 8%

Dietary Fiber

0g 0%

Sugars 25g  

Protein 0g  

Potassium 0mg  

CALORIES IN

Coca-Cola's Sodas, Soft Drinks: Coca-Cola, Classic

CALORIES IN Fresh Banana, raw

Total Carbs. 18.5g 6%

Dietary Fiber

2.1g 8%

Sugars 9.9g

Protein 0.9g

Calcium 4.1mg

Potassium 290mg

Nutrition Facts

Calories 72 (301 kJ)

% Daily Value 1

Total Fat 0.2g < 0.1%

Sat. Fat 0.1g < 0.1%

Cholesterol 0mg 0%

Sodium 1mg < 0.1%

Water helps to remove the dangerous toxins that our body takes in from the air, the food and the chemicals we use on our skin and hair.

Water also provides cushion for our body joints.

Water carries oxygen and nutrients into all our cells.

Water also helps to regulate our body temperature.

Importance of Water in Human Body

When we say “integrative”, this means that our body systems are interconnected to each other to maintain homeostasis.

Our body has integrative body systems.

Our body is so sensitive to everything we take in our body and to environment outside where we live in. And because of its sensitivity, we need other body system to perform other major liquid excretion aside from excretion by our skin.

Word origin: from the Greek: homeo, meaning unchanging + stasis, meaning standing.

Human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment and the weather.

it is the state of balance in our body.

What is human homeostasis?

Homeostatic imbalance will lead to diseases or even death.

What will happen if you do not have the ability to maintain homeostasis in our body?

The blood, which carries waste materials and other substances, enters the kidneys through the renal artery. 

as blood surges through the kidneys, a filtering unit called nephrons filters the blood with nitrogenous waste urea, uric acid, salts and other metabolic wastes.

NephronsExcess salts, water,

wastes remain in the tubule and become urine

Urine enters collecting ducts (tubes) in the medulla

Collecting tubes empty into the renal pelvis (first section of the ureter)

All the blood in the body passes through the kidneys about 20 times every hour. 

What is Uric Acid?Uric acid is a chemical created when the

body breaks down substances called purines.Purines are found in some foods and drinks,

such as liver, anchovies (oil fishes), mackerel, dried beans and peas, beer, and wine.

The substances that are useful to the body are brought back into circulation. Together with the clean blood, they leave the kidneys through the renal veins to the inferior vena cava and to the different parts of the body.

The urine leaves the kidneys through the ureters, a muscular tubes 10-12 inches long that moves urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

The urinary bladder (a hollow sac organ) that temporarily stores the urine that passes from the two ureters. The urethra finally carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.

The Urinary System

The Urinary System

Urethra

Tube carries urine from bladder to outside

Difference in male/femaleFemales shorterOpens in front of vaginaMale: carries both urine

from urinary system and semen from the reproductive system

Summary

The state of balance in our body is called? Human homeostasis.The urinary system consists of the ? kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and

urethra.   Kidneys are ? bean-shaped organ that contains filtering units

called nephrons. The ureters are ? muscular tubes 10-12 inches long that moves

urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.Urinary bladder ? temporarily store the urine that pass from the

two ureters.Urethra ? is a tube that carries urine from bladder to

outside of the body.

Different Excretory SystemsState Body System

involved in excretion

Main Organ of excretion

Waste product

Solid Digestive System

Large intestine

feces

Gas Respiratory System

lungs Carbon dioxide

Liquid a.

Urinary System

kidneys urine

b.

Integumentary System

Skin(sweat glands)

Sweat or perspiration

CAUTION

How many times do you urinate in one day?

Humans produce about 2.9 liters of urine over 24 hours.

What will happen if one of your kidney fail to function?

Dialysis, a treatment where a machine does the job of the kidneys to filter the blood.

used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function .

(renal replacement therapy) due to renal failure.

What will happen if both of your kidneys failed to function?

Kidney transplantation means replacement of the failed kidneys with a working kidney from another person, called a donor.

Kidney transplantation is not a complete cure, although many people who receive a kidney transplant are able to live much as they did before their kidneys failed.

Kid Nephrologist

Donor

A physician specializes in kidney diseases

Kidney transplantation

PreventionDo not delay

urination when it is necessary.

Drink 6-8 glasses of water every day.

 Eat a healthy diet. Avoid eating salty foods.

Avoid drinking soft drinks and alcoholic drinks like beer and wine.

Short Quiz

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

A. Matching Type. Match Column A to Column B. Letters only.

Column A ___1. the major system excretion that

removes liquid wastes. This excretory system

consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary

bladder and urethra.___2. used to provide an artificial

replacement for lost kidney ___3. replacement of the failed kidneys

with a working kidney from another person,

called a donor.___4. A physician who specializes in kidney

disease.

___ 5. the state of balance in our body

Column BA. DialysisB. Human homeostasisC. Kidney

transplantationD. Nephrologist

E. Urinary System

A

B

D

C

E

B. Trace the process through which urine is produced. Write 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 on the blank according to order of urine production.

6. The Urinary bladder (a hollow sac organ) then temporarily stores the

urine that passes from the two ureters. The urethra finally carries

urine from bladder to outside of the body. 7. Excess salts, water, and wastes remains in the tubule and

become urine after filtration. The substances that are useful to the body

are brought back into circulation.  Together with the clean blood, they

leave the kidneys through the renal veins. 8. as blood surges through the kidneys, a filtering unit called

nephrons filters the blood with nitrogenous waste urea, uric acid,

salts and other metabolic wastes. 9. Blood enters each of the kidneys through a large artery

that branches off from the aorta through the renal arteries. 10. the urine leaves the kidneys through the ureters, a

muscular tubes 10-12 inches long that moves urine from the kidney to the

urinary bladder.

14

2

3

5

ASSIGNMENT. Please do a research on the following urinary disorders. Look for the Symptoms and Treatments or Preventions of each disease. One urinary disease in each group.

Cystitis - Group 1 Urethritis - Group 2Renal Failure – Group 3

References: http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urination_disorder Biology Science Impact by Pacifico C. Paywal

and et. al., Academe Publishing House Inc 2006, pages 502 – 503 and pages 580 – 581.

Criteria in judging class presentations of research.

Visual Aids

25 points

Voice Quality (Loudness and Clarity)

25 points

Content 50 pointsTotal 100 points

Thank You for Listening.Always remember

“Prevention is BETTER than cure.”