lesson 7: cube roots [objectiventnmath.kemsmath.com/level h lesson notes/grade 8- lesson 7-...

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T1 LESSON 7: Cube Roots [OBJECTIVE] The student will evaluate perfect cube roots using whole numbers and fractions and use cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations. [PREREQUISITE SKILLS] square roots, volume, prime factorization [MATERIALS] Student pages S1−S16 Centimeter cubes (91 per student pair) Calculator (optional) [ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS] 1. What is a cube root? 2. How can you determine cube roots of larger numbers? 3. Explain how to solve an equation with a cubed value of x. [WORDS FOR WORD WALL] threedimensional figures, radical sign, cube root, prime factors, prime factorization, factor tree [GROUPING] Cooperative Pairs (CP), Whole Group (WG), Individual (I) *For Cooperative Pairs (CP) activities, assign the roles of Partner A and Partner B to students. This allows each student to be responsible for designated tasks within the lesson. [LEVELS OF TEACHER SUPPORT] Modeling (M), Guided Practice (GP), Independent Practice (IP) [MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS] SOLVE, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description, Pictorial Representation, Concrete Representation, Graphic Organizer [WARM-UP] (IP, I, WG) S1 (Answers on T16.) Have students turn to S1 in their books to begin the Warm-Up. Students will work with area and finding side lengths of figures to review squares and square roots. Monitor students to see if any of them need help during the Warm-Up. Have students complete the problems and review the answers as a class. {Verbal Description, Pictorial Representation} [HOMEWORK] Take time to go over the homework from the previous night. [LESSON] [4-5 days (1 day = 80 minutes) - (M, GP, WG, CP, IP)]

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Page 1: LESSON 7: Cube Roots [OBJECTIVEntnmath.kemsmath.com/Level H Lesson Notes/Grade 8- Lesson 7- Cub… · Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T1 LESSON 7: Cube Roots ... square roots, volume,

Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T1

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

[OBJECTIVE]The student will evaluate perfect cube roots using whole numbers and fractions and use cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations.

[PREREQUISITE SKILLS] square roots, volume, prime factorization

[MATERIALS] Student pages S1−S16Centimeter cubes (91 per student pair)Calculator (optional)

[ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS]1. What is a cube root?2. How can you determine cube roots of larger numbers?3. Explain how to solve an equation with a cubed value of x.

[WORDS FOR WORD WALL]three-­dimensional  figures,  radical  sign,  cube  root,  prime  factors,  prime  factorization,  factor tree

[GROUPING]Cooperative Pairs (CP), Whole Group (WG), Individual (I)*For Cooperative Pairs (CP) activities, assign the roles of Partner A and Partner B to students. This allows each student to be responsible for designated tasks within the lesson.

[LEVELS OF TEACHER SUPPORT]Modeling (M), Guided Practice (GP), Independent Practice (IP)

[MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS]SOLVE, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description, Pictorial Representation, Concrete Representation, Graphic Organizer

[WARM-UP]  (IP,  I,  WG)  S1  (Answers  on  T16.)•   Have students turn to S1 in their books to begin the Warm-Up. Students will work  with  area  and  finding  side  lengths  of  figures  to  review  squares  and  square  roots. Monitor students to see if any of them need help during the Warm-Up. Have students complete the problems and review the answers as a class. {Verbal Description, Pictorial Representation}

[HOMEWORK] Take time to go over the homework from the previous night.

[LESSON] [4-5 days (1 day = 80 minutes) - (M, GP, WG, CP, IP)]

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8T2

MODELINGCubes with Whole Numbers Using Volume - Concrete

Step 1: Have student pairs answer Questions 1 and 2 and be ready to share answers with the whole group.

•    Partner  A,  how  did  you  find  the  area  of  the  square  in  the  warm-­up?  (Multiply the length times the width.) Record.

•    Partner  B,  how  did  you  write  the  units  when  finding  the  area?  (units  squared) Record.

•    Have  students  discuss  and  then  share  with  the  group  why  they  used  units squared. (You use units squared because area tells how many squares cover the shape. Also, area is two-dimensional with length and width.) Record.

Step 2: Have student pairs place 1 centimeter cube in the space below Question 3. •    Have  students  discuss  the  attributes  of  the  cube.  (bottom  or  base  of  the  

cube is a square, all sides are equal, has six faces, has 3 dimensions, is a three-­dimensional  figure) Record any correct observations as they record on S2.

•    Have   student   pairs   discuss   how   a   cube   is   different   from   other  rectangular   prisms.   (A   cube   is   a   3-­dimensional   figure  with   all   side  lengths congruent.) Record.

•    Partner  A,  what  is  the  third  dimension  of  a  cube  besides  length  and  width? (height) Record.

•    Partner  B,  what  is  the  length  of  the  cube?  (1  unit)  Record. •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  width  of  the  cube?  (1  unit)  Record. •    Partner  B,  what  is  the  height  of  the  cube?    (1  unit)  Record.

SOLVE Problem (WG,  GP)  S2  (Answers  on  T17.)

Have   students   turn   to  S2   in   their   books.   The  first   problem   is   a  SOLVE  problem.  You are only going to complete the S step with students at this point. Tell students that  during  the  lesson  they  will   learn  how  to  find  the  cube  roots  of  perfect  cubes  and represent the solution to a cube root equation. They will use this knowledge to complete this SOLVE problem at the end of the lesson. {SOLVE, Verbal Description}

Cubes with Whole Numbers Using Volume – Concrete (M,  GP,  WG,  CP)  S2,  S3  (Answers  on  T17  and  T18.)

M, WG, GP, CP: Have students turn to page S2 in their books. Make sure partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Pass out centimeter cubes. Calculators are optional.

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T3

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Step 3: Direct students’ attention to the top of S3. •    Have  students  read  the  two  sentences  at  the  top  of  S3  and  discuss  

the  two  missing  words.  When  we  work  with  2-­dimensional  figures,  we  find  the  (area)  that  the  shape  covers.  When  we  have  a  3-­dimensional  figure,  the  space  that  is  occupied  by  the  shape  is  called  the  (volume).  Record.

•    Part  A,  identify  the  units  we  use  when  determining  the  volume.  (units  cubed) Record.

•    Partner  B,  explain  why  we  used  units  cubed.  (Volume  tells  how  many  cubes can be used to create the larger cube. The volume has three dimensions – length, width, and height.) Record.

•    Partner  A,  identify  the  exponent  we  use  with  the  units  for  area.  (2) •    Have  pairs  discuss  what  exponent  they  think  will  be  used  for  volume.  

(3) What will this represent (the cubed value) Record. Why use a 3? (because we are multiplying 3 dimensions)

•    Discuss  Question  4.  

Step 4: Have student pairs refer back to the information from the cube on S2 and use the plan they just developed to determine the volume of the cube.  (1  unit  •  1  unit  •  1  unit  =  1  unit  cubed  or  1u3) Record.

Step 5: Have student pairs place 8 centimeter cubes in the space below Question 5 and create a cube using the cubes.

•    Partner  A,  what  is  the  length  of  the  cube?  (2  units)  Record. •    Partner  B,  what  is  the  width  of  the  cube?  (2  units)  Record. •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  height  of  the  cube?  (2  units)  Record. •    Partner  B,  how  do  you  find  the  volume  of  a  cube?  (Multiply  the  length  

times the width times the height.) Record. •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  volume  of  the  cube?  (2  units  •  2  units  •  2  units  

=  8  cubic  units  or  8u3) Record.

Cubes with Whole Numbers Using Volume – Concrete to Pictorial(M,  GP,  WG,  IP,  CP)  S4  (Answers  on  T19.)

M, WG, GP, CP: Have  students  turn  to  page  S4  in  their  books.  Make  sure  partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Students will move from discovery using the centimeter cubes to a pictorial representation of volume of cubes in order to determine cube roots. {Concrete Representation, Pictorial Representation, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description, Graphic Organizer}

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8T4LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Cubes with Whole Numbers Using Volume – Pictorial to Abstract(M,  GP,  WG,  IP,  CP)  S5  (Answers  on  T20.)

M, WG, GP, CP: Have students turn to page S5 in their books. Make sure partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Students will move from the pictorial representation to finding  the  cubed  value  from  information  given  in  a  table.  {Pictorial Representation, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description, Graphic Organizer}

MODELINGCubes with Whole Numbers Using Volume –Concrete to Pictorial

Step 1: Have  students  use  the  information  at  the  top  of  S4  in  the  graphic  organizer  to  create  cubes  with  side  lengths  of  3  and  then  4.  Discuss  the  number  of  cubes needed for each and the volume.

•    Partner  A,  how  many  cubes  will  be  needed  to  create  a  cube  with  a  length, width, and height of 3 units. (27) Record.

•      Partner  B,  what  is  the  volume  of  that  cube? (3  units  •  3  units  •  3  units  =  27u3) Record.

•    Partner  A,  how  many  cubes  will  be  needed  to  create  a  cube  with  a  length,  width,  and  height  of  4  units.  (64)  Record.

•    Partner  B,  what  is  the  volume  of  that  cube? (4  units  •  4  units  •  4  units  =  64u3) Record.

Step 2: Have  students  discuss  how  to  use  the  centimeter  cubes  to  find  volume.  Will   it   always  be  possible   to  build   a  3D  figure  with   the   side   lengths  given? (No.) Record. Have students discuss why that is not possible. (With larger side lengths, the number of cubes will increase, and there may  not  be  enough  cubes  to  build  the  figure.)  Record.

Have students read and discuss the next question. •    When  we  were  working  with  the  cubes,  what  did  we  do  each  time  

in  order  to  find  the  cubed  value  of  the  whole  number?  (Multiply  the  value of the whole number three times.) Record.

Step 3: Explain to students that we can also represent a cube with a picture. Direct students’ attention to the pictorial representation of the cube and the graphic organizer below the cube.

•    Partner  A,  identify  the  length,  width,  and  height  of  the  cube.  (1  unit  each)   •    Partner  B,  explain  how  to  find  the  volume.  (Multiply  the  length  times  

the width times the height.) Record. •    Have  student  pairs  discuss  how  to  determine  the  cubed  value  of  1?  

(Multiply  1  •  1  •  1)  What  is  the  cubed  value  of  1?  (1)  Record.  Why?  (Because 13  =  1  •  1  •  1  =  1)  Record.

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T5LESSON 7: Cube Roots

MODELINGCubes with Whole Numbers Using Volume – Pictorial to Abstract

Step 1: Direct students’ attention to the cube at the top of S5. •    Partner  A,  identify  the  length,  width,  and  height  of  the  cube.  (2  units  each).  

Record. •    Partner  B,  explain  how  to  find  the  volume.  (Multiply  the  length  times  

the width times the height.) Record. •    Partner  A,   if   the  value   for   the   length,  width,  and  height   is  2,  what  

is the cubed value? (8) Record. Why? Because 23  =  2  •  2  •  2  =  8.  Record.

Step 2: Have students record the volume and the cubed value in the graphic organizer for 2 units.

IP, CP, WG: Have students read the paragraph below the graphic organizer and then complete the volume and cubed value  of  6  inches,  8  feet  and  10  meters.  Then  come  back  together as a class and share their results. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description}

Cubes and Cube Roots – Pictorial to Abstract (M,  GP,  WG,  IP,  CP)  S5,  S6,  S7(Answers  on  T20,  T21,  and  T22.)

M, WG, GP, CP: Have students continue to work on page S5 in their books. Make sure partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Students will work with cube roots of whole numbers. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Pictorial Represention, Verbal Description}

MODELINGCubes and Cube Roots – Pictorial to Abstract

Step 1: Have students look at the section at the bottom of S5 entitled. Finding the cube root.

Read the three paragraphs with the students. Have the students discuss how the square root and cube root are alike and different.

•    Partner  A,  what  is  the  opposite  of  cubing  a  number?  (finding  the  cube  root) Record.

•    Partner   B,   what   is   the   symbol   we   use   to   represent   a   cube   root?  (a radical symbol with a 3) Record.

*Teacher Note: Remind students that the radical symbol is the same one they use for square roots, but the number in the radical sign is a 3.

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8T6

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Step 2: Direct  students’  attention  to  the  chart  at  the  top  of  S6. •    Partner  A,  what   is  the  value  for  the  first  column?  (side  length  of  

the cube) •    Partner  B,  explain  why  only  one  value  is  given.  (because  the  length,  

width, and height are all the same value) •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  value  in  the  second  column?  (volume) •    Partner  B,  explain  why  we  use  the  exponent  of  3  for  the  volume.  

(When   we   are   working   with   a   cube   to   find   volume   there   are  3 dimensions.) Record.

•    Partner  B,  what   is   the  value   in  the  third  column?  (the  value  of   the  number cubed without the units)

•   Partner  A,  what  is  the  value  of  1  cubed?  (1) •   Partner  B,  what  is  the  cube  root  of  1  in  the  last  column?  (1)  Record. •   Partner  A,  explain  why.  (because  1  •  1  •  1  =  1)  Record. •    Partner  B,  what  do  you  notice  about   the  cube   root  of  1  and   the  

side length of the cube with a volume of 1u3? (They are the same value.) Record.

Step 3: Have student pairs look at the cube made of 8 centimeter cubes. Students will use that cube and the graphic organizer to complete this step.

•    Partner  A,  what  is  the  volume  of  the  cube?  (8u3) Record. •    Partner  B,  explain  why.  (because  2u  •  2u  •  2u  =  8u3) Record. •    Partner  A,  look  at  Column  3  in  the  graphic  organizer.  What  is  the  value  

of the cubed number? (8) Record. •   Partner  B,  explain  why  the  value  of  the  cubed  number  is  8.   (Because 23   =   2   •   2   •   2  =   8).   Record.   Partner   A,   explain   how   to  

determine the cube root of 8 if we know the cubed value of 2 is 8. (Find the cube root of 8. 3√8  =  2)  Record.  

•    Partner  B,  what  do  you  notice  about  the  cube  root  of  8  and  the  side  length of the cube with a volume of 8u3? (They are both the same value.) Record.

IP, CP, WG: Have students work with a partner to complete the graphic organizer  on  S6  and  on  the  top  of  S7  for  the  values  of  6,  8,  and  10.  Then  come  back  together  as  a  class  and  share  their  results.  {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description}

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T7

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Cube Root Equations with Whole Numbers (M, GP, WG, CP, IP)S7,  S8  (Answers  on  T22  and  T23.)

M, WG, GP, CP, IP: Have students turn to page S7 in their books. Make sure partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Students will work with cube roots in equations. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description}

MODELINGCube Roots Equations with Whole Numbers

Step 1: •    Partner  A,  explain  what  we  did  each  time  for  the  values  to  find  the  cube root of the whole number cubed.

(Found the cube root of the whole number by determining what number multiplied by itself 3 times would be the volume of the cube.) Record.

•    Partner  B,  identify  the  information  given  in  the  first  column  of  the  last  row. (a) Record.

•    Partner  A,  explain  the  meaning  of  the  variable.  (A  variable  can  represent  any number.)

•    Partner  B,  explain  why  we  can  use  a  variable  for  this  example.  (The  same  process can be used to determine the cube and cube root of any value even if we do not know the side measure of the cube.) Record.

Step 2: Have student pairs discuss how they could use the variable (a)  to  find  the volume of cube with a side length of (a). (Multiply length times width times height: a  units  •  a  units  •  a  units  =  a3 units3) Record in the chart in the volume column.

•    Partner  A,  explain  how  the  value  of  the  cubed  number  can  be  written  using the variable, a. (a •  a • a  =  a3)

•    Partner  B,  describe  how  we  can  find  the  value  of  the  cube  root  of  a in the last column. (Find the cube root of a by determining what variable multiplied by itself 3 times would be the volume of the cube.)

•    Partner  A,  what  is  the  value  of  the  cube  root  of  a3? Explain how you determined that. (a •  a • a  =  a3 so 3√a3  =  a) Record the cube root in the graphic organizer.

Now that we have explored cubing and cube roots with a variable, let’s look at how we can use that information to solve equations with cube roots.

Step 3: Have student pairs discuss the two basic concepts they need to remember when solving any equation.

•    Partner  A,  what   is   the  first   goal  when   solving   equations.   (Isolate   the  variable.) Record.

•    Partner  B,  what  is  the  second  goal  when  solving  equations.  (Balance  the equation.) Record.

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8T8

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Step 4: Direct students’ attention to the sample cube root equation in the graphic organizer at the bottom of S7.

•    Partner  A,  identify  the  equation.   •    Partner  B,  how  can  we  isolate  the  variable?  (by  finding  the  cube  root  of  

x3.) Record. •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  cube  root  of  x3? (x). Explain how you determined

this. (because x  •  x  •  x =  x3 ) •    Partner  B,  how  can  we  balance  the  equation?  (by  finding  the  cube  root  of  8) •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  cube  root  of  8?  (2)  Explain  how  you  determined  

this.  (because  2  •  2  •  2  =  8) •    Partner  B,  what  is  the  value  of  x? (2) Record. •    Model  how  to  check  the  equation  in  the  last  column  by  substituting  in  

the value of 2 for the x.Step 5: Have  student  pairs  work  together  to  find  the  solution  for  the  cube  root  

equations on the top of S8. Remind students to also check their equation by substituting back in the value for x. Once student pairs have completed the 2 equations, have them share and defend their responses.

Step  6:  Direct students’ attention to the graphic organizer at the bottom of the page with the equation.

•   Partner  A,  identify  the  equation.   •    Partner  B,  how  can  we  isolate  the  variable?  (by  finding  the  cube  root  of  x3) •    Partner  A,  how  can  we  balance  the  equation?  (by  finding  the  cube  root  of  729)*Teacher  Note:  At  this  point  in  time  you  may  need  to  review  how  to  find  the  prime factorization of a number.

Step 7: Have students discuss what may be challenging about this equation. (Possible responses may include identifying 729 as a large number to find  the  cube  root.)

•    Have  student  pairs  brainstorm  possible  strategies  to  break  down  729  or  methods  they  can  think  of  to  find  the  cube  root.

•    Have  students  share  their  ideas  and  then  focus  in  on  prime factorization. Step 8: Direct students’ attention to the last graphic organizer on S8. Model and

explain the prime factorization of 729. Students may suggest using the factor tree or the ladder method.

•    Partner  B,  What  are  you  looking  for  when  you  find  the  prime  factorization  of  a  number  to  find  the  cube  root?  (three  numbers  that  are  the  same  so  you  can  find  the  cube  root)

•    Partner  A,  what  are  the  prime  factors  of  729?  (3  •  3  •  3  •  3  •  3  •  3) •    Partner  B,  how  many  groups  of  factors  do  we  want  for  the  cube  root?  (3) •      Partner  A,  how  can  we  write  the  prime factors as three values? (32  •32  •32)  or  (9  •  9  •  9) •    Partner  B,  what  is  the  value  of  x? (9) Record. Have student pairs complete the list of steps next to the factor tree and

then share answers as a whole group.

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T9

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Exploring Cube Roots with Fractions (M, GP, WG, CP) S9  (Answers  on  T24.)

M, WG, GP, CP: Have students turn to page S9 in their books. Pass out 8 centimeter cubes to each student pair. Make sure partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Calculators are optional. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Pictorial Representation, Verbal Description}

MODELINGExploring Cube Roots with Fractions

*Teacher Note: Have students build a cube with 8 centimeter cubes. Explain that we will represent the side measures as one unit.Step 1: Direct students’ attention to the model of the cube on S9. •    Partner  A,  identify  the  width  of  the  cube.  (1  unit)  Record. •    Partner  B,  identify  the  length  of  the  cube.  (1  unit)  Record. •    Partner  A,  identify  the  height  of  the  cube.  (1  unit)  Record.   •    Partner   B,   explain   how  we   can   determine   the   volume   of   the   cube.

(1  unit  •  1  unit  •  1  unit  =  1  u3) Record.Step 2: Direct students’ attention to Row 2 of the graphic organizer. •    Partner  A,  examine   the  one   layer  of   the  cube  and  describe   to  your  

partner what we now have. (Answers may vary: two rectangular prisms, two congruent halves)

•    Partner  B,  explain  to  your  partner  what  happens  to  the  measurements  of the length, width, and height when we divide the cube in half. (The width, and length are still 1 unit, but the height is 1

2 unit.) Record in Row 3.

•    Partner   A,   explain   how  we   can   determine   the   volume   of   12 of the

original  cube.(1  unit  •  1  unit  •   12 unit  =  

12 u3) Record.

Step 3: Direct students’ attention to Row 3 of the graphic organizer. •    Partner    B,  explain  to  your  partner  what  happens  to  the  measurements  

of the length, width, and height when we divide the one-half of the cube in half. (The length is still 1 unit, but the height and width are 12 unit.) Record in Row 3.

•    Partner  A,  explain  how  we  can  determine  the  volume  of   12 of 12 of the

original  cube.  (1  unit  •  12  unit  •  12  unit  =  

14 u3) Record.

Step 4: Direct  students’  attention  to  Row  4  of  the  graphic  organizer. •    Partner    B,  explain  to  your  partner  what  happens  to  the  measurements  of  

the length, width, and height when we divided the one half of half the cube in half. (The length, height, and width are all 1

2 unit.) Record in Row 7. •    Partner  A,  explain  how  we  can  determine  the  volume  of   1

2 of 12 of 1

2 of the original cube.( 1

2  unit•    12  unit  •  

12  unit  =  

18 u3) Record.

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8T10

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Cubes with Fractions Using Volume – Pictorialto Abstract(M,  GP,  WG,  IP,  CP)  S10  (Answers  on  T25.)

M, WG, GP, CP: Have  students  turn  to  page  S10  in  their  books.  Make  sure  partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Calculators are optional. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Pictorial Representation, Verbal Description}

MODELINGCubes with Fractions Using Volume – Pictorial to Abstract

Step 1: Direct  students’  attention  to  the  model  of  the  cube  on  S10. •    Partner  A,  what  do  you  notice  about  the  model?  (One  of  the  pieces  or  

smaller cubes is separated.) •    Partner  B,  what  fraction  can  we  use  to  represent  the  width  of  the  smaller  

cube in relationship to the larger cube? (The width of the smaller cube is 1

2 the width of the larger cube.) •    Partner  A,  what   fraction   can  we  use   to   represent   the   length  of   the  

smaller cube in relationship to the large cube? (The length of the smaller cube is 1

2 the length of the larger cube.) •    Partner  B,  what   fraction   can  we  use   to   represent   the  height  of   the  

smaller cube in relationship to the larger cube? (The height of the smaller cube is 1

2 the height of the larger cube.) Record the answer in Question 1.

Step 2: Have  students  use  the  fractional  information  from  the  smaller  cube  to  find  the volume of the smaller cube in relationship to the larger cube.

•    Partner  A,  how  do  we  find  the  volume  of  a  cube?  (Multiply  the  length  times the width times the height.) Record the answer in Question 2.

*Teacher   Note:   It   may   be   beneficial   here   to   share   a   “think   aloud”   for   the  process of multiplication of fractions as a review for students.“I  know  that  when  I  multiply  fractions,  I  multiply  the  numerators  and  then  the  denominators.”

•    Partner  B,  what  is  the  volume  of  the  smaller  cube  in  relationship  to  the  larger cube? ( 1

2  units  •  12  units  •  

12  units  =  

18  units  cubed  or  =  

18 u3)

Record the answer in Question 3.*Teacher  Note:  Remind  students  that  we  are  finding  the  volume  of  the  smaller  cube in relationship to the larger cube.

•    Partner  A,  explain  the  process  we  used  with  the  whole  numbers  to  find  the cubed value. (Multiply the value three times.)

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T11

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Step 3: Direct  students’  attention  Question  4. •    Partner A, explain the number equation we use to determine the cubed

value of 12 . ( 1

2  •  12  •  

12  =  

18 ).

•    Have  student  pairs  discuss  Question  4. •    Partner B, if we compare the volume of the single cube in relationship

to the whole cube the volume of the single cube is ( 18 ) of the volume

of the whole cube. •    Partner A, what does this mean? (The volume of the individual cube

is 1u3 and the volume of the larger cube is 8u3. When we compare

them, 1 out of the 8 cubes is 18 .) Record.

IP, CP, WG: Have students work with a partner to complete the graphic organizer  on  the  bottom  of  S10  for  the  values  of   16 , 1

8 , and 110 . Then come back together as a class and share their results. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description}

Cube Roots with Fractions (M, GP, WG, IP, CP) S11,  S12  (Answers  on  T26  and  T27.)

M, WG, GP, CP: Have students turn to page S11 in their books. Make sure partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Students will work with cube roots of fractions. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description}

MODELINGCube Roots with Fractions

Step 1: Have  students  read  the  two  paragraphs,  filling  in  the  blanks,  on  finding  the cube root of a fraction and then discuss answers as student pairs.

•    Partner  A,  what  is  the  opposite  of  cubing  a  number?  (finding  the  cube  root) Record.

•    Partner  B,  what   is   the  symbol  we  use   to   represent  a  cube  root?   (a    radical symbol with 3√ ) Record.

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LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Step 2: Direct students’ attention to the graphic organizer at the bottom of the page.

•    Partner   A,   what   is   the   value   for   the   first   column?   (side   length   of  the cube)

•    Partner B, explain why only one value is given. (because the length, width, and height are all the same value)

  •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  value  in  the  second  column?  (volume)   •    Partner  B,  explain  why  we  use  the  exponent  of  3   for  the  volume.  

(When   we   are   working   with   a   cube   to   find   volume,   there   are  3 dimensions.) Record.

  •    Partner  B,  what   is   the  value   in  the  third  column?  (the  value  of   the  number cubed without the units)

  •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  value  of   12 cubed? ( 1

8 ) Record.

  •    Partner  B,  what  is  the  cube  root  of   18 in the last column? ( 1

2 )

  •    Partner  A,  explain  why.  (because   12  •  

12  •  

12  =  

18 ) Record.

*Teacher Note: Review the process of multiplication of fractions as needed.

  •    Partner  B,  what  do  you  notice  about  the  cube  root  of  18 and the side length of the cube with a volume of 1

8 u3? (They are the same value.) Record.

IP, CP, WG: Have students work with a partner to complete the graphic organizer on the top of S12 for the values of 1

6 , 18, and 110.

Then come back together as a class and share their results. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description}

Cube Root Equations with Fractions (M, GP, WG, CP) S12,  S13  (Answers  on  T27  and  T28.)

M, WG, GP, CP: Have students continue to work on S12 in their books. Make sure partners know their designation as Partner A or Partner B. Students will work with cube roots in equations. {Graphic Organizer, Algebraic Formula, Verbal Description}

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Mathematics Success – Grade 8 T13

LESSON 7: Cube Roots

MODELINGCube Roots Equations with Fractions

Step 1: Direct students’ attention to the last row of the graphic organizer. •    Partner  A,  explain  what  we  did  each  time  for  the  other  values  to  find  

the cube root. (Find the cube root of the whole number by determining what number

multiplied by itself 3 times would be equal to the value of the numerators and then by determining what number multiplied by itself 3 times would equal to the value of the denominator.) Record.

•    Partner  B,  identify  the  information  given  in  the  first  column  of  the  last  row. ( 1

a ) Record. •    Partner  A,  explain  the  meaning  of  the  variable.  (A  variable  can  represent  

any number.) •    Partner  B,  explain  why  we  can  use  a  variable  for  this  example.  (Because,  

the same process can be used to determine the cube and cube root of any value.) Record.

Step 2: Have student pairs discuss how they could use the variable 1a   to  find  

the volume of cube with a side length of 1a . (Multiply length times width

times height: 1a  units  •  

1a  units   •  

1a  units  =  

13

a3 units3) Record in the chart in the volume column.

*Teacher Note: Remind students that when we are using fractions we are comparing the smaller cube to the larger cube. Also, because the numerators we are working with are 1, the cube or the cube root of 1 is always 1.

•    Partner  A,  explain  how  the  value  of  the  cubed  number  can  be  written  using the variable, 1

a . ( 1a  •  

1a  •  

1a  =  

13

a3 ) Record. •    Partner  B,  describe  how  we  can  find  the  value  of  the  cube  root  of  a in

the last column. (Find the cube root of 13

a3 by determining what variable multiplied by itself 3 times would be the volume of the cube.)

•    Partner   A,   what   is   the   value   of   the   cube   root   of   13

a3 ? Explain how you determined your answer. ( 1

a  •  1a  •  

1a  =  

13

a3 so 3 1

a3  =   1a ) Record the cube root in the graphic organizer.

Now that we have explored cubing and cube roots with a variable, let’s look at how we can use that information to solve equations with cube roots.

Step 3: Have student pairs discuss the two basic concepts they need to remember when solving any equation. Have students share answers.

•    Partner  A,  what  is  the  first  goal  when  solving  equations.  (Isolate  the  variable.) Record.

•    Partner  B,  what  is  the  second  goal  when  solving  equations.  (Balance  the equation.) Record.

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LESSON 7: Cube Roots

Step 4: Direct students’ attention to the sample cube root equation in the graphic organizer at the bottom of S12.

•    Partner  A,  identify  the  equation  (x3  =   18 ).

•    Partner  B,  how  can  we  isolate  the  variable?  (by  finding  the  cube  root  of x3)

•    Partner  A,  what  is  the  cube  root  of  x3? (x) Explain how you determined this. (Because x  •  x  •  x  =  x3)

•    Partner  A,  how  can  we  balance  the  equation?  (by  finding  the  cube  root  of 1

8 ) •    Partner  A,  what  is  the  cube  root  of  18 ? ( 1

2 ) Explain how you determined this. (Because 1

2  •  12  •  

12  =  

18 )

•    Partner  B,  what  is  the  value  of  x? ( 12 ) Record.

Step 5: Have  student  pairs  work  together  to  find  the  solution  for  the  cube  root  equations on the top of S13. Remind students to also check their equation by substituting back in the value for x.

Once student pairs have completed the 2 equations, have them share and defend their responses by solving and showing the check of the equation.

Step  6:  Direct students’ attention to the graphic organizer with the equation x3  =   1

729. •    Partner  A,  identify  the  equation  x3  =   1

729. •    Partner  B,  how  can  we  isolate  the  variable?  (by  finding  the  cube  root  

of x3) •    Partner  A,  how  can  we  balance  the  equation?  (by  finding  the  cube  root  

of 1729)

Step 7: Remind  students  that  when  they  are  finding  the  cube  root  of  a  fraction  they  must  find  the  cube  root  of  the  numerator  and  the  denominator.

•    Have  student  pairs  brainstorm  possible  strategies  to  break  down  729  or  methods  they  can  think  of  to  find  the  cube  root.

•    Have  students  share  their  ideas  and  then  focus  in  on  prime  factorization.

Step 8: Model and explain the prime factorization of 729. Students may suggest using the factor tree or the ladder method.

•    Partner  A,  what  are  the  prime  factors  of  729  (3  •  3  •  3  •  3  •  3  •  3  ) •    Partner   B,   how  many   groups   of   factors   do  we  want   for   the   cube  

root? (3) •    Partner   A,   how   can   we   write   the   prime   factors   as   three   values.

(32  •  32  •  32)  or  (9  •  9  •  9) •    Partner  B,  what  is  the  value  of  x? ( 1

9 ) Record.

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