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World War 1 History Lesson 2
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1
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Allies Central Powers
Who fought in WW1?
Many countries fought in the war on one of two sides. Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. Allies - France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan and the United States (from 1917).
What can you remember about the war from last lesson?
FRANCE
FRANCESPAIN
PORTUGAL
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Mediterranean Sea
UNITED KINGDOMNorth Sea
BalticSea
ITALY
AUSTRIA–HUNGARY
GERMAN EMPIRE
Slovenians
Italians
Croats
Serbs
Romanians
Ukrainians
PolesSlovaks
Czechs
RUSSIA
Black SeaROMANIA
BULGARIA
OTTOMAN EMPIREGREECE
ALBANIA
MONTENEGRO
SERBIAITALY
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12What caused the fighting to begin?
Before WW1, a series of defence pacts were made
between different European countries. This pact meant
that if one country declared war on another, other
countries would be forced to enter the war too.
France, Britain, Ireland and Russia formed a pact. Germany made a pact with Austria-Hungary. These pacts were in place long before the start of the war
but this is why these groups of countries ended up
fighting against each other.
New Word AlertPact – a formal agreement between two or more groups
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13What caused the fighting to begin?
In 1914 an assassination triggered a chain of events that started WW1.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
He was assassinated in Sarajevo on 28th June 1914 along with his wife Sophie.
At the time, Austria-Hungary did not know who was responsible for the
assassination. However, they had their suspicions. It was a member of a terrorist
group called Black Hand. They were against some of Franz Ferdinand’s ideas so
Gavrilo Princip was a member of Black Hand.
He was the one who assassinated the couple on the 28th June 1914.
He was just 19 years old at the time.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie Gavrilo Princip
New Word AlertAssassinated – to target and deliberately kill a person. Usually a famous person for political or religious reasons.
FRANCE
FRANCESPAIN
PORTUGAL
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Mediterranean Sea
UNITED KINGDOMNorth Sea
BalticSea
ITALY
AUSTRIA–HUNGARY
GERMAN EMPIRE
Slovenians
Italians
Croats
Serbs
Romanians
Ukrainians
PolesSlovaks
Czechs
RUSSIA
Black SeaROMANIA
BULGARIA
OTTOMAN EMPIREGREECE
ALBANIA
MONTENEGRO
SERBIAITALY
SARAJEVO
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Event
What caused the fighting to begin?
Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the death of Franz Ferdinand and his wife.
They threatened war unless Serbia agreed to a set of harsh demands.
Germany sided with Austria-Hungary and Russia backed Serbia. Europe was on the brink of war.
28th June Archduke and his wife assassinated
Date
FRANCE
FRANCESPAIN
PORTUGAL
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Mediterranean Sea
UNITED KINGDOMNorth Sea
BalticSea
ITALY
AUSTRIA–HUNGARY
GERMAN EMPIRE
Slovenians
Italians
Croats
SerbsDalmatia
Sarajevo
Romanians
Ukrainians
PolesSlovaks
Czechs
RUSSIA
Black SeaROMANIA
BULGARIA
OTTOMAN EMPIREGREECE
ALBANIA
MONTENEGRO
SERBIAITALY
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15What caused the fighting to begin?
Exactly one month after the Archduke’s assassination,
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia even though
Serbia had met most of their demands. They were supported
by Germany. In response to this, Russia started to round up
their troops to become war ready. On 1st August, Germany
declared war on Russia, and on 3rd August Germany
declared war on France.
Event
28th June Archduke and his wife assassinated
Date
28th July Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
1st August Germany declared war on Russia
3rd August Germany declared war on France
Thinking Time
Hint – think about the pacts
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16What caused the fighting to begin?
One day after Germany declared war on France, they marched their troops there
taking a route through Belgium.
Belgium didn’t want to take part in the war and Britain had already agreed to
guarantee Belgium’s neutrality. When the German troops travelled through Belgium,
Britain decided to declare war on Germany.
British and German forces clashed on 23rd August at the Battle of Mons, which took place in Belgium. This was the first battle between the British and German troops.
Event
28th June Archduke and his wife assassinated
Date
28th July Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
1st August Germany declared war on Russia
3rd August Germany declared war on France
4th August German troops marched to France
4th August Britain declared war on Germany
23rd August Battle of Mons
New Word AlertNeutrality – not supporting or helping either side in conflict
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17Independent Activity
Think about the events that led up to WW1.
Which events do you think had the most impact on the start of WW1?
Write about what you think are the two most important causes of WW1.
Germany declared war on France, Archduke and his wife assassinated, Battle of Mons, Germany declared war on Russia, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, German troops marched to France, Britain declared war on Germany
Challenge
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Event
28th June
Date
28th July
1st August
3rd August
4th August
4th August
23rd August
Germany declared war on France, Archduke and his wife assassinated, Battle of Mons, Germany declared war on Russia, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, German troops marched to France, Britain declared war on Germany
Challenge
Event
28th June
Date
28th July
1st August
3rd August
4th August
4th August
23rd August
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What caused WW1? Write about 2 causes of the war and why you think they caused it.
DIFFICULTY : MEDIUM