lesson 08 - ew.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Electronic Warfare
and Counter-Measures
What is Electronic Warfare?
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Electronic Warfare (EW)
Element of Command & Control Warfare (C2W)
Command and Control Warfare (C2W) includes
integrated use of: Operational Security (OPSEC)
Military Deception
Psychological Operations (PSYOPS) Physical Destruction
Electronic Warfare (EW)
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Importance of EW
• Increased reliance on radar and OTHtargeting
• Increased use of Communications andTactical Data Systems (TDS)
• Increased capabilities of missile &
weapons system – Requires high-speed detection and tracking
• Active/Passive homing long-range missilegive little warning
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Three Components of EW
• Electronic Support (ES) *ESM
• Electronic Attack (EA) *ECM
• Electronic Protection (EP) *ECCM
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Electronic Support (ES)
• Passive surveillance of the EM spectrum todetect the enemy’s position, strength, andintention, and warning of targets
-Detection -Tracking
-Recognition -Targeting
-Warning -Destruction
-Avoidance
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Passive EW (ES)
• ELINT – Electronic Intelligence
– Foreign non-communications elecromagnetic
information
• COMINT – Communications Intelligence
– Foreign communications transmissions
intercepted by other than the intended
recipients
• Advantages and Limitations
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ES Receiver Design
Requirements• Wide spectrum surveillance
• Wide dynamic range
• Unwanted signal rejection• Angle-of-Arrival measurement
• Signal Analysis capability
• Real-Time Display
• Recording System
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Electronic Attack (EA)
• Preventing or reducing the enemy’s use of
the EM spectrum (capabilities) and
promoting uncertainty
• “Black boxes” that jam or deceive the
enemy
• Radar or communications “jamming”
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Electronic Attack (EA)
• Use of active and passive energy to “attack “
– Personnel
– Facilities – Equipment
• Four Classes of EA
– Jamming – Modifiers
– Radar-absorbing materials (RAM)
– Physical Destruction
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Non-Destructive EA
• Denial: overload opposition’s receiver to
deny its use by the enemy
• Jamming
• Noise
• Spot
• Barrage
• Sweep• Chaff
• Flares
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Noise Jamming
Definition:
Noise jamming is the deliberate
radiation, re-radiation, or reflection of
electromagnetic energy with the
purpose of impairing the use of
electronic devices, equipment, orsystems being used by the enemy.
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Rcvd
Signal
Amp.
time
Ineffective
Jamming
Effect ive Jamm ing
PW
PRT
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Jamming
TGT Freq
True Noise
Ideal Jammer
Actual SpotJammer
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Non-Destructive EA (cont.)
• Deception: Create false image orchange image’s characteristics on a radar
display. Misleads or “spoofs” – Repeaters: delay received radar signal and
retransmitting at a slightly later time
– Transponders: Create false signal by playing back a
stored replica of the radar signal – Chaff - disguise
– Radar Decoys
– Blip Enhancers
– Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Modification
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Decoys
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Velocity Gate Pull Off
(VGPO)
Target Return
Velocity Gate
Gate Pull-Off
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Confusion/Deception
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Chaff Corridor
Flares (active)
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Chaff False Targets
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Real Target
Multiple False Targets
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Strobes
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Cover Pulse Jamming
X
“Reactive Jamming”
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EA-6B Prowler!!!!!!!!!
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Destructive EA
• Anti-Radiation Missiles
–SLAM
–HARM –Sidewinder
• Directed Energy
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SLAM ER
• Stand-off Land Attack Missile-Expanded Response
https://wrc.navair-rdte.navy.mil/warfighter_enc/weapons/airlanch/slamer/slamer.htm
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HARM
• High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile
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HARM
Results
Portable Serbian Radar
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AIM-9 Sidewinder
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Electronic Protection (EP)
Definition:
EP is the division of electronic warfare
involving actions taken to protect
personnel, facilities and equipment from
any effects of friendly or enemy
employment of electronic warfare that
degrade, neutralize or destroy friendlycombat capability.
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Electronic Protection (EP)
• Protection of friendly combat
capability against undesirable effect
of friendly or enemy employed EW
• Types
– Passive EW – Active EW
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Electronic Protection (EP)
• Three ways to defend from enemy EW
– Modify radar
• Make it more complex
• Make it harder to jam
– Modify the Medium
• Chaff
• Torch – Modify the platform
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EP: Radar Design
Power
Frequency
PRF
PW
Pulse Shape
Antenna Design
Scan Pattern
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EP Factors
Burnthrough: Increase signal strength to
overpower jammer noise (ECCM)
Emission Control (EMCON)Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Operator Recognition Training
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EP Factors (Cont.)
• Frequency Agility
FREQ
TIME
Slider
Stepper Random
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U.S. Shipboard EW
Capabilities• SLQ-32 “Sidekick”
– On all combatants
– Radar warning, detection and jamming – Uses internal library to auto detect/categorize
• Infrared Flares
–
On all combatants• Chaff
– On all combatants
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U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities
• SSQ-108 “Outboard” -
– On some DDG, CG, LHA, LHD
– Any ship with SSES
– Real-time OTH passive detection, localization, andtargeting
• SLQ-39 Chaff Buoy
– On Arleigh Burke class
• Rubber Duck
– Looks like a life boat container
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U.S. Airborne EW Capabilities
• ALQ-99 - EW system on EA-6B Prowler
• ALQ-162 - EA jamming system on F-14 & F/A 18
• ALQ-142 - ES system on SH-60 Seahawk
• ALQ-165 - EA jamming system on F/A-18
• ALR-47 - ES detection system on S-3 Viking
• ALR-68 - ES detection system on P-3C Orion
• ALR-73 - ES detection system on E-2 Hawkeye
• Chaff - On SH-60 Seahawk
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ALQ-99
• Detection, Identification, tracking
• Communication, Data Link, and radar
jamming
• Deception: mimics radar signals
• EA-6B Prowler
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ALQ-162
• Radar Jamming
• F/A-18 Hornet
• Automatic radar jamming against surface-to-air and airborne intercept missiles that
use continuous wave (CW) radars
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ALQ-142
• Electronic Support System
• SH- 60 Seahawk
• Real time Identification and bearing ofsurveillance radars
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Jamming Effectiveness
• Match the victim radar’s RF
• Be continuous
• Have sufficient power
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Questions?