introduction to comp lesson '08

7/28/2019 Introduction to Comp Lesson '08

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Basic concepts of computer

Objectives:1. Discuss the effects of computers in our

daily life.2. Discuss the history of computers.3. Describe the types and uses of

computers.

4. Define an operating system.5. Differentiate between computer

hardware and software.6. Identify the components of a computer


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TOPICS Computer Concepts

Definition of a ComputerHistory of Computer

Significance of Studying Computers

Types and uses of computers Computer Parts and its Function

> Components of computer


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Computer

an electronic device that stores, retrieves,

& processes data, and can be programmedwith instructions. It is composed of hardwareand software, and can exist in a variety ofsizes and configurations.


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Effects of computersComputers contribute much

to the success of businessenterprises by facilitating

communication and

information sharing.


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First Personal computer1975 Manufacturers used integrated circuit technology

to build smaller and cheaper computers. The first

of these so-called personal computers (PCs)- the

Altair 8800-appeared in 1975, sold by microInstrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS). The

Altair used an 8-bit Intel 8080 microprocessor,

had 256 bytes of RAM. The Altair was built from

a kit received input through switches on the frontpanel, and displayed output on rows of light-

emitting diodes (LEDS).


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Refinements in the PC continued with the

inclusion of the video displays, better

storage devices and CPUs with morecomputational abilities. Graphical user

interfaces were first designed by the Xerox

corporation, and then later usedsuccessfully by Apple Computer Inc.

Today, the development of sophisticated

operating systems such as Windows, the

Mc OS, and Linux enables computer users

to run programs and manipulate data in

ways that were unimaginable in the mid-

20th century.


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In 1981, International Business

Machines Corporation (IBM)

introduced the IBM PC. It wasdesigned in an open architecture that

enabled other computer

manufacturers to create similarmachines, or clone that could also run

software designed for the IBM PC.

The design of the IBM PC and its

clone soon became the dominant

software running PCs.


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A graphical user interface (GUI)-a visuallyappealing way to represent computer

commands and data on the screen-wasfirst developed in 1983 when Appleintroduced the Lisa, but the new userinterface did not gain widespread notice

until 1984 with the introduction of theApple Macintosh. The Macintosh GUIcombined icons (pictures that representfiles or programs) with windows (boxesthat each contain an open file or program).

A pointing device known as a mousecontrolled information on the screen.


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The Macintosh user interface

made computers easy and funto use and eliminated the need

to type in complex commands.Today, software available for

IBM PCs and clones, as well

as most popular computer

platforms, also feature the GUI.


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Todays personalcomputer In 1965 semiconductor pioneer Gordon

Moore founder of Texas Instruments

predicted that the number of transistors

contained on the computer chip woulddouble every year. This is now known as

Moores Law, and it has proven to be

somewhat accurate. The number oftransistors and the computational speed of

microprocessors currently double

approximately in every 18 months.


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Components continue to shrink in

size and are becoming faster,cheaper, and more versatile. By

the end of the decade

microprocessors contained manymillions of transistors, transferred

64 bits of data at once, and

performed billions of instructions

per second.


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Todays personal computer is no less

than 1,000 times faster than in 1981and has 3 billion clock pulses. It

comes with Gigabytes of memory,

gigabytes of storage and has vividand finer color display and becoming

less expensive. The boundary as to

computing power between Largecomputers and Personal computers is

becoming nil and it is only a mater of

size.


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Personal Digital Assistant (PDA),

hand-held computer that helps withsuch task as taking notes, scheduling

appointments, and sending faxes and

electronic mail. PDAs are also calledPersonal Communicators and

Personal Intelligent Communicators.

Most PDAs can connect to thecomputer, either through telephone

lines, radio waves, or a computer

cable.


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Many have PC card slots

(PCMCIA2

) for attaching modemsand other auxiliary devices. Most

PDAs are capable of at least

limited handwriting recognition,touch screen, allowing users to

enter notes into the computer with

a special penlike device rather

than with a keyboard.


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In personal ID biometrics, the

computer automate methods forindentifying the basis of some

biological or behavioral

characteristics of the person.Many biological characteristics

such as finger prints, eyes and

behavioral characteristics, such

as voice patterns are distinctive to

each person.


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Therefore biometrics is more

reliable and more capable indistinguishing between a specific

individual and an impostor than

any technique based on anidentification (ID) document or

password. The word biometrics

comes from the word bios (Life)

and metriKos (measure)


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Types and Uses ofcomputers 3 Major types of computers:

The first type includes the very large ones,

usually known as mainframes A few years

ago these were the only kind of computersavailable until miniaturization of

components came along and give rise to

the minicomputers. Nowadays, mainframecomputer cost anywhere from two to over

ten million pesos.


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The mainframe computer can be

centralized in one big information

center or it can be spread widely

among a number of terminals or

computer substations. These

terminals can be installed in different

locations away from each other.

Whether centralized or not,mainframe can be used by a number

of people at the same time.


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The second type includes the

minicomputers which have been popular in

business and industry for the last seven

years. These usually cost from five

hundred thousand to two million pesos. A

minicomputer, like a mainframe is alsoequipped with terminals, but a more

limited number. The terminals of a

minicomputer can not be installed inlocations away from each other, unlike

mainframe terminals. But a minicomputer

can also be used by several users at the

same time.


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The third type includes themicrocomputers which can only be used

by one person at a time, doing only onefunction at a time. Originally developed asa hobby or game machines, they are nowthe most widely used computers inschools and offices. A microcomputer bigenough for for business application usuallycost forty thousand pesos or less.

Standard brands of microcomputersinclude the IBM_PC, Apple, Commodore,and Apple Macintosh. In addition, thereare non standard brands, otherwise known

as compatibles like IBM-compatible.


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Why do we studycomputer? Education

Employment

Productivity & Capability

Fun


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What is a

Computer

System?


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Basic operations ofComputer I nput

P rocessing

O utput

S torage


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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

The central processing unit (CPU)

is the heart of the computer system.

All processing is carried out by the CPU.

MAIN MEMORYThe computer system needs

stored programs and data

to carry out the processing.

These are stored in the

main memory.

INPUT DEVICEData are input through

the input device.

The function of the input

device is to put the data

into a form that is

acceptable to the

computer.

STORAGE

As the main memory is of limited

space, some data and programs are

stored in the backing store

OUTPUT DEVICE

The results are output

by the output device

in a form that can be

understood by

humans.


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Basic Components of an

IT System

Hardware

SoftwarePeople ware


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HardwareIt refers to a peripheraldevices that comprises computer

Categories of hardware

1) Input devices

2) Output Devices

3) Storage Devices


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1) Input Devices Keyboard

Touch Screen Monitor Electronic Mouse

Light Pen and Graphics Tablet

Barcode Scanners

Biometric Finger prints

Magnetic Strip Readers


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Keyboard

An input device consisting of various keys that allows the userto input data, control cursor and Pointer locations, and to control the

dialog with the workstation.
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Touch Screen Monitor

A computer screen the user touches in order to

make choices instead of using a keyboard or mouse.
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Mouse

A device that controls the movement of thecursor or pointer on a display screen.
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SCANNER / barcode
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Biometric Finger Print
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aje.com.au/featured/fingerlock/fingerprint-lock-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.aje.com.au/featured/fingerlock/370.htm&h=466&w=547&sz=120&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=9xxUNqGfCE4J-M:&tbnh=113&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbiometric%2Bfingerprint%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theepochtimes.com/news_images/2006-3-30-fingerprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/6-3-30/39890.html&h=419&w=300&sz=31&hl=en&start=14&tbnid=0vHYDJYpbwjw3M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbiometric%2Bfingerprint%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mrgadget.com.au/catalog/images/targus_defcon_authenticator_usb.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mrgadget.com.au/blogarchive/2005_12_01_mrgadgetblog_archive.html&h=216&w=158&sz=9&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=1Y6SgXGN2SLsoM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbiometric%2Bfingerprint%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.richardsonbus.com/images/supplies/biometric-finger-scanner.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.richardsonbus.com/supplies.html&h=300&w=400&sz=20&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=3AKpTFQQpHCGLM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbiometric%2Bfingerprint%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DX


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MAGNETIC STRIP READER

Located on the back-side of a plastic card, contains encodedinformation; Has 3 (three) lines the first line stores the cardholders

name; The second line contains the card number and expiration

date; And the third allows to input additional information, though

used rarely.
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2) Output Devices

Monitor Printers

Plotters

Computer Output onMicrofilm (COM)


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MONITOR

A device similar to a

television screen thatreceives video signals from

the computer and displaysthe information for the user.


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CRT monitor
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LCD monitor
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nakupovanje.net/skin1/images/big/lg-lcd-monitor-1910s.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nakupovanje.net/catalog/p1102038-lg-lcd-monitor-lcd-zaslon-l1930p-1930p-.html&h=249&w=219&sz=19&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=yfZqjNXj8e6EdM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=98&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLCD%2Bmonitor%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.firstadopter.com/200604032059.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.firstadopter.com/&h=500&w=500&sz=67&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=8qX3m-ICOU_dcM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLCD%2Bmonitor%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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PRINTER

is a computer peripheral device that

produces a hard copy (permanent

human-readable text and/or graphics,usually on paper) from data stored in a

computer connected to it.


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DOT matrix printer
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INK jet Printer
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LASER printer

O S
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bestwaycomputer.ca/images/Canon%2520MF3110.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bestwaycomputer.ca/shop/category.asp%3Fcatid%3D259&h=393&w=400&sz=82&hl=en&start=17&tbnid=yaQLnzCnT52-AM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcanon%2Blaser%2Bprinter%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.megabuy.com.vn/images/medium/watermark/Canon/Canon-3000_MED.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.megabuy.com.vn/index.php%3Fmain_page%3Dproduct_info%26products_id%3D5854&h=200&w=208&sz=22&hl=en&start=10&tbnid=dCn4tOO0kQr9IM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=105&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcanon%2Blaser%2Bprinter%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.laser-printer-reviews.com/laser-printer-reviews/hp-laserjet-1000-laser-printer-review.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.laser-printer-reviews.com/laser-printer-reviews/hp-laserjet-1000-laser-printer.html&h=218&w=300&sz=7&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=b7G0nWCEAUu54M:&tbnh=84&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlaser%2Bprinter%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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PLOTTERS

is a vector graphics printing devicethat connects to a computer.
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.avatarsystems.com/HP1055%2520Plotter.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.avatarsystems.com/&h=169&w=175&sz=19&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=O0NYnW92HzgQkM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplotters%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN


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3) Storage Devices

1. Primary Storage- A storage location that holds memory for short

periods of times.

2. Secondary Storage- A storage medium that holds information until it

is deleted or overwritten.

Type of Storage


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1) Primary Storage

1. RAM - (Read Access Memory)

it is temporary storage that holds data for a shortperiod of time.

2. ROM - (Read Only Memory)

refers to special memory used to store programs

that boot the computer and perform diagnostics.

Classification of Primary storage
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/store.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/boot.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/boot.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/store.html


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Types of RAM

Differ in the technology they use to hold data,

1. Dynamic RAM needs to be refreshed thousands oftimes per second, dynamic RAM being the morecommon type.

2. Static RAM does not need to be refreshed, which

makes it faster; but it is also more expensive thandynamic RAM. Both types of RAM are volatile,meaning that they lose their contents when thepower is turned off.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/data.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/refresh.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/refresh.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/data.html


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Types of ROM

1. MROM (Mask ROM) - contain a software maskthat is burned onto the chip during the design

phase of the semiconductor manufacturing

process.

2. PROM (programmable ROM ) one step up from the

masked ROM, w/c is purchased unprogrammed. Theprocess of writing your data involves a special piece

of equipment called a device programmer.


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3. EPROM (erasable-and-programmable ROM)

EPROMs can be erased and reprogrammed

Repeatedly. It can be erased by exposing it to

ultraviolet light. It is more expensive than PROM.


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2) Secondary Storage

Magnetic Disk Systems

Optical Disk Systems

Magnetic Tape Systems


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Magnetic Disk System

Diskettes / Zip Disk

Hard Drive

Disk Storage for Larger

Computers

data is encoded as microscopic magnetizedneedles on the disk's surface. You can record and erasedata on a magnetic disk any number of times, just as

you can with a cassette tape.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/tape.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/tape.html


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Floppy Disk or Diskettes
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.softwarepublishers.com/images/Floppy%2520Diskettes.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.softwarepublishers.com/detail.aspx%3FID%3D19&h=300&w=300&sz=14&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=mxZjglZEEu2_PM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiskettes%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/BDX/BDX116/bxp26896.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fotosearch.com/BDX116/bxp26896/&h=238&w=300&sz=17&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=9i9Lw89mT1M-2M:&tbnh=92&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiskettes%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Zip Disk
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sip.be/hardware/zip-drive-iomega-blauw-kl.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sip.be/hardware/8opslagmedia.htm&h=480&w=640&sz=27&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=YwJoSr_e8mBF9M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dzip%2Bdrive%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.usbyte.com/images/Zip_disk.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.usbyte.com/common/zip_100_mb.htm&h=337&w=342&sz=18&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=3CEiMHTWgxIK1M:&tbnh=118&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dzip%2Bdisk%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.refurbished-laptops.biz/images/external-zip-drive.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.refurbished-laptops.biz/external-drives/floppy-zip-drives.html&h=159&w=260&sz=7&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=s7WPtUQkQzE4FM:&tbnh=68&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dzip%2Bdrive%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Hard Disk
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.comparestoreprices.co.uk/images/ma/maxtor-ide-diamondmax-plus8-40gb-2mb-cache-hard-disk-drive-ata-133.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.comparestoreprices.co.uk/search.asp%3Fs%3DHard%2520Disk%2520Drives%26sr%3D50&h=150&w=200&sz=9&hl=en&start=40&tbnid=1KPR_Js18_FumM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhard%2Bdisk%2Bdrive%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.securityandmore.com/data/photos/harddrive.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.securityandmore.com/cctv2.asp%3FModel_ID%3D789%26Task%3DDetail&h=256&w=400&sz=16&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=OD0qK3HeKTZJ_M:&tbnh=79&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhard%2Bdisk%2Bdrive%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.college.ru/UDP/texts/images/hd1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.college.ru/UDP/texts/hd.html&h=210&w=330&sz=17&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=fP4gjLOWDArg7M:&tbnh=76&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhard%2Bdisk%2Bdrive%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Disk Storage for LargerComputer
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.windoweb.it/edpstory_new/foto_storia_computer/eh1955_f16.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.windoweb.it/edpstory_new/eh1955.htm&h=408&w=267&sz=15&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=PTIS_sZJApfoEM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmainframe%2Bstorage%2Bdisk%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://compserv.uark.edu/servmain/images/hds-7700e-200x264.jpg&imgrefurl=http://compserv.uark.edu/servmain/index_2101_ENG_HTML.htm&h=264&w=200&sz=13&hl=en&start=10&tbnid=M3TeTFCo9m1I_M:&tbnh=112&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmainframe%2Bstorage%2Bdisk%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Optical disk System

WORM

Rewritable CDs DVDs

Astoragemedium from which data isread and to which it is written by lasers.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/storage.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/media.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/data.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/read.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/read.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/data.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/media.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/storage.html


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CD-Recordable
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.j-com.co.jp/news/print/CD-ROM-EXTEND-6M.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.j-com.co.jp/news/print_2004.html&h=900&w=900&sz=91&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=ZVJrdO4qlKZ3qM:&tbnh=146&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcd-rom%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://lloyd.caltech.edu/albums/cdrom/cdrom.jpg&imgrefurl=http://lloyd.caltech.edu/gallery/view_photo.php%3Fset_albumName%3Dcdrom%26id%3Dcdrom&h=750&w=758&sz=197&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=9wXYm1-CPyZMOM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=142&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcd-rom%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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DVD-R / RW

CD-RW
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://bebas.vlsm.org/v06/Kuliah/SistemOperasi/BUKU/img/UC-47-6-250px-DVD-R_bottom-side.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bebas.vlsm.org/v06/Kuliah/SistemOperasi/BUKU/img/index.html&h=241&w=249&sz=9&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=nCqpTGp1ysWW1M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddvd%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.electronicsoutfitter.com/images/items/22700-cdrw-80da_3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.electronicsoutfitter.com/store/CDRW-80DA-3.html&h=300&w=300&sz=12&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=afuEnV4IfpbO-M:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcd-rw%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Magnetic Tape Systems
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://simscience.org/crackling/Intermediate/Magnets/image/tape.gif&imgrefurl=http://simscience.org/crackling/Intermediate/Magnets/MagneticTapes.html&h=150&w=150&sz=6&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=3j6P_Nj59D1-BM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmagnetic%2Btape%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.beoworld.co.uk/images/cassette.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.beoworld.co.uk/cassettes1.htm&h=225&w=300&sz=14&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=hvW7WvFruvt1PM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmagnetic%2Btape%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/701-tape.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/701-tape.html&h=666&w=469&sz=368&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=-h2ZmQI8er0YBM:&tbnh=138&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmagnetic%2Btape%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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SoftwareIt refers to any programthat tells the

computer systemWhat to do.


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Two types of Software

System Software

Application SoftwareA type of a software that was designed & created

to perform a specific personal business or scientificprocessing tasks.

Systems software consists of low-level programs

that interact with the computer at a very basic level.This includes operating systems, compilers, and utilitiesfor managing computer resources.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/computer.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/operating_system.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/compiler.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/utility.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/resource.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/resource.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/utility.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/compiler.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/operating_system.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/computer.html


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System Software


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Microsoft WindowsExample
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gratis-programmer.dk/wallpaper/Windows%2520XP%2520Mr.%2520Bean.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.worth1000.com/cache/contest/contestcache.asp%3Fcontest_id%3D7920&h=768&w=1024&sz=266&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=jEZ4rrR8b3gs7M:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwindows%2Bxp%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.duiops.net/windows/win98/win98.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.duiops.net/windows/win98/win98.htm&h=204&w=168&sz=16&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=kMfZg2UW_yrQeM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwin98%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pioneer.com.au/images/options/windows%2520xp.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pioneer.com.au/professional_video/plasmadisplays/pdp50fxe10/index.html&h=450&w=303&sz=42&hl=en&start=19&tbnid=jFH8rX6lSBRFTM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwindows%2Bxp%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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LINUX
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.phatlinux.com/images/shots/installer.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.xplinux.biz/phat_linux.htm&h=480&w=640&sz=54&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=mAG0Qumk7WUrgM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLINUX%2Bxp%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://distrowatch.gds.tuwien.ac.at/images/screenshots/bayanihan-3.1.png&imgrefurl=http://distrowatch.gds.tuwien.ac.at/weekly.php%3Fissue%3D20041004&h=768&w=1024&sz=473&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=qLdIyvvYrS-1iM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLINUX%2Bbayanihan%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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MAC OS
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fsr.net/images/headers/Mac%2520OSX%2520Apple%2520Menu.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.fsr.com/pages/support.asp%3FItemID%3D147&h=600&w=800&sz=38&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=zBl3D7R_r7yj1M:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmacintosh%2BOS%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://depts.washington.edu/sacg/services/workshops/networking/trouble_mac/img/mac_desktop.gif&imgrefurl=http://depts.washington.edu/sacg/services/workshops/networking/trouble_mac/environ.shtml&h=538&w=717&sz=31&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=YqdqXqNxOS-RpM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmacintosh%2BOS%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Application Software


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People ware


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1. System Analyst2. Programmera. Systemb. Application3. Computer Operator4. Data Encoder

5. Data Controller

6.EDP Librarian7.Computer Technician8.Computer Engineer9.Computer Analyst10. Database Administrato


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Evaluation 1. Identify and illustrate the basic

operation of the computer.

2. What are the basic components of thecomputer system?

3. What are the categories of hardware?enumerate examples in each category.

4. Identify the types of software and give

examples in each type. 5. Differentiate hardware from software.


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INSIDE-OUT

PARTS

OF ACOMPUTER

LIST OF COMPONENTS


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Internal

Main board

(mother board)

Processor (CPU)

Memory

Hard disk drive

Drives for removable

media (CD, DVD, ZIP)

Modem

Ethernet card

Video card

Audio card

Packaging

Tower, laptop, all-in-one or otherpackaging for theelectronics

Peripheral

attachments) Monitor

Printer

Keyboard & Mouse

Speakers Microphones &

headsets

Scanners, etc.

A mid-tower front panel


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p

Ports


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Ports

(Back)


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USB I/O

Universal Serial Bus is fast. USB 1.1 =12 Mbps USB 2.0 = 480 Mbps

Supported devices include: Scanners

Printers

Keyboards

Mice

Cameras

Web cam USB. Ports & symbol.Image courtesy PASCO Scientific

www.pasco.com


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FireWire - I/O (IEEE 1394) Extremely fast with sustained speed of up to 400 & 800

Mbps

Very useful in communicating with a digital video

camera. Fast communication to large capacity external storage

devices.

Look for this logo

on FireWire prod-ucts.
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.zpluscable.com/images/products/firewire-6pin-end.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.zpluscable.com/firewire.php&h=800&w=640&sz=18&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=dwsHJNsQIB-IIM:&tbnh=143&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfirewire%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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INSIDE PARTS

OF A

COMPUTER


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Case and power supply. The case houses all the components.


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Motherboard. The motherboard is the main circuit board where theCPU, RAM, expansion cards (modem, sound card, video card, etc.),

hard drive, floppy drive, and CD-ROM connect.

CPU (processor) back


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CPU (processor) front. The CPU is the main chipthat handles complex mathamatical calculationsin order to run software (programs such asWindows, games, etc.).

CPU (processor) back.
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pl/f/f1/DDRAM.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%25C4%2599%25C4%2587_o_dost%25C4%2599pie_swobodnym&h=207&w=401&sz=73&hl=tl&start=18&tbnid=S0Su2rRmTuAcGM:&tbnh=64&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dddram%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dtl%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG


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RAM is used to store the software that is running, and to hold the CPU's calculations.
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pl/f/f1/DDRAM.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%25C4%2599%25C4%2587_o_dost%25C4%2599pie_swobodnym&h=207&w=401&sz=73&hl=tl&start=18&tbnid=S0Su2rRmTuAcGM:&tbnh=64&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dddram%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dtl%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG


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Hard drive. The hard drive is used to store programs for later use.

The floppy drive is a removablet d i l it d t
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.securityandmore.com/data/photos/harddrive.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.securityandmore.com/cctv2.asp%3FModel_ID%3D789%26Task%3DDetail&h=256&w=400&sz=16&hl=tl&start=7&tbnid=OD0qK3HeKTZJ_M:&tbnh=79&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhard%2Bdisk%2Bdrive%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dtl%26lr%3D


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The CD-ROM is used to installprograms from a CD. CD-R drives

can burn CD's as well as read them.

CD-RW drives can erase CD's and re-write to them.

storage device, only it does nothave near the storage capacity

of a hard drive


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The video card is what allows amonitor to connect to the PC.

The modem is used forcommunications through a

phone line, such as FAXing or

accessing the Internet.


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LAN card

Wireless PCI Ethernet Adapter
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bestwaycomputer.ca/images/Asus%2520WL-138G.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bestwaycomputer.ca/shop/category_3x4.asp%3Fcatid%3D126&h=392&w=400&sz=17&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=rekbKTnIiOkE4M:&tbnh=122&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlan%2Bcard%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.emaxasp.com/product_images/LI15LNE100TX.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.emaxasp.com/leescomputer/details.asp%3Fitem%3DLI15LNE100TX&h=480&w=640&sz=42&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=ycF2rhnIwxNmtM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlan%2Bcard%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bestwaycomputer.ca/images/Asus%2520WL-138G.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bestwaycomputer.ca/shop/category_3x4.asp%3Fcatid%3D126&h=392&w=400&sz=17&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=rekbKTnIiOkE4M:&tbnh=122&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlan%2Bcard%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.emaxasp.com/product_images/LI15LNE100TX.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.emaxasp.com/leescomputer/details.asp%3Fitem%3DLI15LNE100TX&h=480&w=640&sz=42&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=ycF2rhnIwxNmtM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlan%2Bcard%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Evaluation

I. Identify the items


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corresponding to a givennumber, then classify itaccording to the threemain components.a. input deviceb. output devicec. storage deviceII. Give the function oruses of each item.

1. keyboard


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y

2.

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

introduction to comp lesson '08

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