Lecture 6.9: Skeletal System

Pain and stiffness in muscular and/or skeletal systems

Arthritis—all rheumatoid diseases affecting joints

Damage to articular cartilage Results from: Bacterial/Viral infection Injury to Joint Metabolic problems Severe physical stress

Rheumatism

Usually 60+ Wear and tear of joints Genetic 25% of females and 15% of men in US have

this

Osteoarthritis

Inflammatory disease 2.5% of US Immune system attacks the joints

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Exercise Physical Therapy Aspirin All slow the disease

Prevention Measures

FlexionAnterior/PosteriorReduces angle between two objects

Angular Motion

Figure 6.32a

Extension Increase angle between two objects Head looking straight ahead

Angular cont…

Figure 6.32a

Hyperextension Extension past anatomical position Ex: Looking at ceiling

Angular cont…

Figure 6.32a

Abduction Away from midline Adduction Toward the midline

Angular cont…

Figure 6.32b

Figure 6.32c

Circumduction Arm Circles

Angular cont…

Figure 6.32d

Turn around longitudinal axis Ex: “no” motion

Rotation

Figure 6.33

Palm facing front to palm facing backward

Pronation

Figure 6.33b

Palm turned forward

Supination

Figure 6.33b

Inversion Turn sole inward Eversion Turn sole outward

Special Movements

Figure 6.34

Dorsiflexion Lift toes upward Plantar flexion Point toes

Special cont…

Figure 6.34

Opposition Move thumb across palm to other fingers

Special cont…

Figure 6.34

Protraction Move body part anteriorly Retraction Opposite of protraction

Special cont…

Figure 6.34

Elevation Move superiorly Depression Move inferiorly

Special cont…

Figure 6.34

Gliding Bones slide over one another Movement slight Carpal and tarsal bones Between vertebrae

Synovial Joints

Figure 6.35a

Hinge Joints Movement in one plane Occipital and Atlas (“yes”) Elbow, Knee

Synovial cont…

Figure 6.35b

Pivot Joints Rotation only Atlas and Axis (“no”)

Synovial cont…

Figure 6.35c

Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Joint Move in two planes Connect fingers to carpals

Synovial cont…

Figure 6.35d

Saddle Joints Thumb

Synovial cont…

Figure 6.35e

Ball and Socket Joints Can perform all movements Shoulder, Hip

Synovial cont…

Figure 6.35f