lecture 20 operational amplifiers...
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture 20
Operational Amplifiers (cont’d)
Op-Amp 1-1
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Outline
Quick Review on Op-Amp
Op-Amp Applications
Controlled Sources
Active Filters
Practical Op-Amp Circuits
Op-Amp 1-2
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Quick Review
Op-Amp 1-3
For Ideal Op-Amp: • Input current I equal zero (infinite input
impedance) • Zero output impedance • V- ≈ V+ (Infinite gain) • Constant gain w.r.t. frequency change What is the value of Vo if V1 = 0 ?
V-
V+
I
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Difference Amplifier
Op-Amp 1-4
2
43
121
1
2
||1
||1V
RR
RRV
R
RVo
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Applications
Controlled Sources
Voltage-controlled voltage source
Voltage-controlled current source
Current-controlled voltage source
Current-controlled current source
Op-Amp 1-5
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Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source
The output voltage is the gain times the input voltage.
Op-Amp 1-6
Non-inverting Amplifier Version
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Voltage-Controlled Current Source
Op-Amp 1-7
The output current is: 1
1
1o Vconstant
R
VI
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Current-Controlled Voltage Source
Op-Amp 1-8
This is simply another way of applying the Op-Amp operation. Whether the input is a current determined by Vin/R1 or as I1: or
in1
fout V
R
RV
L1out RIV
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Current-Controlled Current Source
Op-Amp 1-9
in
in
f
out
21
in
f
out
inin
fout
R
V
R
V
R||R
V
R
V
VR
RV
kIR
R1II
R
RR
R
VI
RR
RRVI
R||R
VI
2
1o
2
21
1
ino
21
21ino
21
ino
-
+
vo
Rf
R1
R2
vi
Ii
Io
I
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Active Filters
Adding capacitors to op-amp circuits provides external control of the cutoff frequencies. The op-amp active filter provides controllable cutoff frequencies and controllable gain Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Bandpass filter
Op-Amp 1-10
Vout ( jw )
VS ( jw )= -ZF
Z S
Vout ( jw )
VS ( jw )= 1+
ZF
Z S
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Active Low-Pass Filter
Op-Amp 1-11
ALP ( jw )= -ZF
Z S= -ZF
RS
ZF = RF ||1
jwCF= -
RF
1+ jwCFRF
FF
SF
FF
SF
S
FLP
RfCj
RR
RCj
RR
Z
ZfA
21
/
1
/)(
2)2(1log20log20|)(| FF
S
FdBLP RfC
R
RfA
Amplification
FF
OHCR2
1f
π
The upper cutoff frequency (-3dB
of gain) and voltage gain are given by:
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Active High-Pass Filter
Op-Amp 1-12
S
F
S
FHP
Z
R
Z
ZjA )( ZS = RS +
1
jwCS=jwCSRS +1
jwCS
SF
SS
SSSF
SS
SS
S
S
SS
FS
S
FHP RR
RCj
RCjRR
RCj
RCj
R
R
RCj
RCj
Z
ZfA /
21
2/
11)(
2)2(1log202log20log20|)(| SSSS
S
FdBHP RfCRfC
R
RfA
Amplification
SS
OLCR2
1f
π
The lower cutoff frequency (-3dB
of gain) and voltage gain are given by:
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Active Band-Pass Filter
Op-Amp 1-13
ABP ( jw )= -ZF
Z S
Z S = RS +1
jwC S=jwC SRS +1
jwC S
ZF = RF ||1
jwCF= -
RF /RS
1+ jwCFRF
)21)(21(
2
)1)(1()(
SSFF
FS
SSFF
FS
S
FBP
RfCjRfCj
RfCj
RCjRCj
RCj
Z
ZfA
Low pass frequency High pass frequency
22 )2(1log20)2(1log202log20|)(| SSFFFSdBBP RfCRfCRfCfA
FSRfC2
FFRfC2SSRfC2
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Lecture-related Question
Op-Amp 1-14
I
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Op-Amp 1-15
Lecture Summary
Covered material
Quick Op-Amp Review Op-Amp Applications
Controlled Sources Active Filters Practical Op-Amp Circuits Examples
Material to be covered next lecture
Limitations of Op-Amp Power Amplifiers