Lecture 2: Fluxes, Flows and Volumes

• Readings for today: Applied Hydrology– Section 6.3 on Measurement of Streamflow– Sections 2.1 – 2.3 on Continuity (Water

Balance)– Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources pp. 155-

157

• Reading for Tues: Applied Hydrology– Section 2.7 – 2.8 Energy balance

Watershed system

Sample and Pulse Data

Water Balance

Arc Hydro Time Series Types

Flows in 2004

Spring Flow in 2004

Plum Creek

Drainage Areas

Definitions

• Flow = Volumetric discharge of water [L3/T]

• Flux = Flow per unit area [L/T]

• Volume = Integral of flow through time [L3]

ODSS AHED Prototype Project

Prototype Area

•Prototype region includes 24 water management basins, including Lake Kissimmee, Lake Okeechobee, and Lake Istokpoga

•More than 70 water control structures managed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) within the prototype area

•Includes natural and managed waterways

Lake Okeechobee

Lake Istokpoga

Lake Kissimmee

Objectives of the Project

• Extend the ArcHydro Framework to include the Operations Decision Support System (ODSS)

• Develop tools that account for rainfall accumulation and provide water balancing capabilities to the Extended ArcHydro Framework

• Develop an ODSS model that includes water-conveyance routing

Questions that SFWMD wants Answered

– How much water is there?– Where is the water in the District?– How much water will enter the canal system?– How can water be routed from one basin to

another?

Water Control Network

WCU Links and Nodes

Watershed to WCU

WCU to WCU

WCUNode

WCULink

Network Tracing

A path between LakeKissimmee and LakeOkeechobee

WCU Relationships

Geospatial Time Series Object

Value

Time

Shape

Time SeriesProperties

(Type)A Value-Time array

Time Series for RainAreas

Rainfall Time Series for Martin – St Lucie

HydroID = 1071381Area = 33314542079 ft2

FeatureID = 1071381HydroCode = Martin-St Lucie

HydroID to FeatureID association

Gives eachtime series a shape

TSTypeID Association

Gives each timeseries a type

Time Series Object

Properties• FeatureID HydroID of the feature related to the time series• HydroCode HydroCode of the feature related to the time series• TSTypeID UnquieID of the TimeSeries• Variable Description of the TimeSeries (i.e. Daily Streamflow)• Units Measurement units as a string (i.e. cfs, in/d)• UnitType Measurement unit type (i.e. flow, area flux, volume, etc.)• TSValues() Array of Values • TSDateTimes() Array of DateTimes• IsRegular Indicates if TimeSeries is measured regularly (boolean)• TSOrigin Either Generated or Measured• TSDateType Either Instantaneous, Cumulative, Incremental, Averaged, Min, or Max

Methods • AddToChartSpace Writes the time series to the chartspace• WriteToGDB Writes the time series to an Arc Hydro geodatabase• GetCumulativeTS Returns a new time series object that with its values cumulated through

time• GetMinDate Returns the minimum date in the time series • GetMaxDate Returns the maximum date in the time series

A new time series can be created from a Arc Hydro GDB given a FeatureID and TSTypeID

Cumulative Rainfall

Controlled Vocabulary for Units

Time Series Collection Object

Properties• Variable Description of the TimeSeries (i.e. Daily Streamflow)• Units Measurement units as a string (i.e. cfs, in/d)• UnitType Measurement unit type (i.e. flow, area flux, volume, etc.)• TSValues() Array of Values • TSDateTimes() Array of DateTimes• IsRegular Indicates if TimeSeries is measured regularly (boolean)

• TSOrigin Either Generated or Measured• TSDateType Either Instantaneous, Cumulative, Incremental, Averaged,

Min, or Max

Methods • GetTimeSeries Writes the time series to the chartspace• AddTimeSeries Writes the time series to an Arc Hydro and whether the TS is

either contribution or diminishing the resulting time series

A bag of time series objects used to compute a new time series object

Chart Space

Toolbar

The Toolbar

• Plot Time Series

• Plot Fluxes, Flowrates, etc.

• Set TimeSeries and TSTypeID table paths

• Show/Hide ChartSpace window

Plot Time Series Tool

1. Select a layer from those listed in map

2. Select a TSType (filtered for selected layer)

3. Limit time range to plot (optional)

Step 1: Select layer and TSType to plot

Plot Time Series Tool

Map shows only features in selected Layer that have time series

Chart is plotted according to the attributes of the time series (averaged, instanteous, units, etc.)

2. Select feature to plot time series for

Step 2: Select feature to plot time series for

Plot Fluxes & Flows ToolStep 2: Select feature to plot variable(s) for

1. Select a layer from those listed in map

2. Select one or more variables to plot

Plot Fluxes & Flows ToolStep 1: Select layer and variable(s) to plot

Variables(s) are plotted for selected feature

Map shows only features coupled to the feature the mouse is currently over

Cumulating SeriesCumulate a time series by right-clicking

Streamflow (cfs) Volume (acre ft)

Rainfall Flux (in/day) Cumulative Rainfall (in) to

to

Chart Overview

TimeSeries’ Variable Feature’s HydroCode

TimeSeries’ UnitType

TimeSeries’ Units

ChartSpace can contain multiple chartseach with a unique value axis

Scaling the Time Axis

By right-click on the chart’s time axis,one can aggregate the data to a new time scale.

Daily Averaged

Weekly Averaged

Monthly Averaged

Flux to FlowrateFlux is related to a geometry allowing the transformation ofa flux time series to a flowrate time series on the fly

Evaporative Flux (mm/day)Flow (cfs)

Evaporation Flow in cfs

Water Balancing

• Break water movement into two components:

Horizontal W.B. (canal system)

Vertical W.B. (rainfall, evapotranspiration)

• Horizontal water movement into and out of a WCU is measured at points and is measured as flow [ft3/s]

• Vertical water movement into and out of a WCU is measured at points, or over areas, and is measured as a flux [in/d]

Water Balancing

QHin

QHout

qVin

qVout

Control Volume

Control Volume for water balancing is a Water Control Unit.

qVin = rain QHin = structure flow in

qVout = ETp QHout = structure flow out

dt

dSQAreaqqQ HoutVoutVinHin

Change in Storage

Volume Storage Over a WCU: C41A-North

Horizontal Net Inflow

Vertical Net Inflow

1 year: Nov 1, 2002 – 30 Oct 2003

Total Net Inflow