Lecture 1Lecture 1

Lec. Maha Alwasidi

Branches of LinguisticsBranches of Linguistics

There are two main branches: There are two main branches: Theoretical linguisticsTheoretical linguistics and and applied applied linguisticslinguistics

Theoretical linguisticsTheoretical linguistics: PhoneticsPhoneticsThe study of the physical properties of speech (or signed) production The study of the physical properties of speech (or signed) production and perception. and perception.

PhonologyPhonologyThe study of sounds (or signs) as discrete, abstract elements in the The study of sounds (or signs) as discrete, abstract elements in the speaker's mind that distinguish meaning.speaker's mind that distinguish meaning. Morphology Morphology the study of internal structures of words and how they can be the study of internal structures of words and how they can be modified modified

Lec. Maha Alwasidi

SyntaxSyntaxthe study of how words combine to form grammatical sentencesthe study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences

SemanticsSemantics The study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed word The study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentencesmeanings of sentences PragmaticsPragmaticsThe study of how utterances are used in communicative acts, and the The study of how utterances are used in communicative acts, and the role played by context and non-linguistic knowledge in the role played by context and non-linguistic knowledge in the transmission of meaning.transmission of meaning. Discourse analysisDiscourse analysisThe analysis of language use in texts (spoken, written, or signed). The analysis of language use in texts (spoken, written, or signed).

Lec. Maha Alwasidi

Applied linguisticsApplied linguistics:The study of language-related issues applied in everyday life.

Clinical linguisticsClinical linguistics, The application of linguistic theory to the field of Speech-Language Pathology.

Developmental linguisticsDevelopmental linguistics, The study of the development of linguistic ability in individuals, particularly the acquisition of language in childhood.

Historical linguistics or diachronic linguisticsHistorical linguistics or diachronic linguistics,The study of language change over time.

Neurolinguistics,Neurolinguistics,The study of the structures in the human brain that underlie grammar and communication.

Psycholinguistics,Psycholinguistics,The study of the cognitive processes and representations underlying language use. Sociolinguistics, Sociolinguistics, The study of variation in language and its relationship with social factors.

Lec. Maha Alwasidi