lecnote block neoplasia 2011

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    Oncogene & Tumor

    Suppressor GeneHarliansyah, Ph.D

    Dept of Biochemistry

    Faculty of MedicineYARSI University

    March, 2011

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    References

    1. Smith, A. Marks, A D. Lieberman, M. 2006.

    Marks Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical

    Approach. 2ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    2. Bos, J I. Burgering, B M T. 2004. Molecular

    Mechanisms in Signal Transduction and Cancer.

    EMBO Reports. Vol. 5 (9) : 855859.

    3. Rao, N M. 2006. Medical Biochemistry. 2ed.

    New Age International Publishers.

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    The Molecular Biology of Cancer

    Cancer : a group of diseases in which cells growabnormally and form a malignant tumor.

    Normal cells in the body respond to signals such as:contact inhibition, that direct them to stopproliferating.

    Cancer cells do not require growth stimulatory signalsand they are resistant to growth inhibitory signals andapoptosis.

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    Contd

    Cancer cells have an infinite proliferativecapacity and do not become senescent.

    They can grow independently of structural

    support.The transformation of a normal cells to a cancer

    cell begins with damage to DNA (base changes

    or strand breaks) caused by chemicalcarcinogens, UV light, viruses, or replicationerrors.

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    Three phase mechanism for chemical carcinogenesis :

    1. Initiation , normal cells to latent tumor cells

    2. Promotion , latent tumor cells to carcinoma in situ

    3. Progression, carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma

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    Classification of Cancer

    1. Carcinomaare cancers of the cells or organs derivedfrom ectoderm or endoderm, epithelial tissues, nervoustissues, glands, etc.

    examples: Adenocarcinoma (gland), Gliomas (brainnervous tissues).

    2. Sarcomaare cancers of the tissues of mesodermal

    origion, bone, cartilage, connective tissues, muscle.examples: Osteosarcoma (bone), Fibriosarcoma(Connective tissues).

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    Type of DNA Mutation

    Color Atlas of Genetics. 2ndEd. Passarge, E. Thieme. Stuttgart, Germany 2001

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    Oncogene

    Oncogenes are mutated derivatives of normal

    genes (proto-oncogenes) whose function is to

    promote proliferation or cell survival.

    These genes can code for growth factors (GF),

    GF Receptor (GFR), signal transduction

    proteins, intracellular kinases and transcription

    factors.

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    1. Growth Factor

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    2. Transcription Factor 3. Cyclins synthesis

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    Tumor Suppressor Genes

    Normal growth suppressor genes, encode

    proteins that inhibit proliferation, promote cell

    death and repair DNA.

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    1. Regulatory of Ras

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    2. Adhesi

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    Treatment of Cancer

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    Thanks for you attention