Beirut was rocked by several weeks of mass protestsknown as the “You Stink” movement after trashpickup was disrupted in July 2015, when one of the

city’s main landfills reached capacity and the government,paralyzed by sectarianism and patronage, was unable tomake alternative arrangements. With trash piling up in thestreets, protesters marched on government buildings, call-ing for officials to be held accountable and demandingreform of the country’s dysfunctional political system. Theprotests became violent on sev-eral occasions, which resulted indozens of injuries and arrests.

DemographyPopulation (2015): 5,323,0004.Density (2015): persons per sq mi1,319.0, persons per sq km 509.3.

Sex distribution (2012): male48.81%; female 51.19%.

Population projection: (2020)5,442,000; (2030) 5,559,000.

Major cities (2003): Beirut(2007) 361,400 (urban agglom-eration [2011] 2,022,000);Tripoli 212,900; Sidon 149,000;Tyre (ÍÜr) 117,100; Al-NabaÒlyah 89,400.

Urban-rural (2011):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population(2013): 19.8 (world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000 population(2013): 5.0 (world avg. 8.1).

Natural increase rate per 1,000 popu-lation (2013): 14.8 (world avg. 11.4).

Life expectancy at birth (2013): male73.9 years; female 77.1 years.

Age breakdown (2007):

Ethnic composition (2000): Religious affiliation (c. 2005):

Lebanon

Official name: Al-Jumhuriyyah al-Lubnaniyyah(Lebanese Republic).

Form of government: unitary multiparty republicwith one legislative house (National Assembly[128]1).

Head of state: President Tammam Salam (acting).

Head of government: Prime Minister TammamSalam.

Capital: Beirut.Official language: Arabic2.Official religion: none.Monetary unit: Lebanese pound (LBP); valuation(Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = LBP 1,5073; 1 £ = LBP 2,309.

Area and population area population

20145

Provinces Capitals sq mi sq km estimate

(Akkar6 Halba 304 788 7

Al-Biqa( (Bekaa) Zahlah 516 1,336 843,6268

Al-Nabatiyah Al-Nabatiyah 424 1,098 337,482Baalbek-Hermel6 Baalbek 1,091 2,825 8

Beirut (Bayrut) Beirut (Bayrut) 8 20 417,865Mount Lebanon B(abda 760 1,969 1,712,278North Lebanon Tripoli (Tarabulus) 477 1,236 1,111,0337

South Lebanon Sidon (S. ayda) 359 930 543,561WATER AREA 66 170 —REMAINDER 31 80TOTAL 4,036 10,452 4,965,845

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National economyBudget (2013). Revenue: LBP 14,201,000,000,000 (tax revenue 71.2%,of which taxes on goods and services 26.6%, income,profits and capital gains 17.6%, customs duties 15.2%;nontax revenue 17.7%; treasury revenue 5.7%).Expenditures: LBP 20,563,000,000,000 (wages andsalaries 31.5%; public debt 27.8%).

Public debt (external, outstanding; 2013): U.S.$25,424,-000,000.

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$44,547,-000,000 (U.S.$9,880 per capita); purchasing powerparity GNI (U.S.$17,330 per capita).

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2012): potatoes 405,000, tomatoes320,000, cucumbers and gherkins 175,000, apples155,000, wheat 150,000, bananas 125,000, oranges 115,000, olives95,000, onions 95,000, grapes 92,000, lemons and limes 82,000, lettuceand chicory 58,000, cabbages and other brassicas 47,000, eggplants44,000; livestock (number of live animals; 2013) 553,000 goats, 452,000sheep, 200 camels, 65,000,000 chickens; roundwood (2013) 25,919 cum, of which fuelwood 72%; fisheries production 5,091 (from aquacul-ture 25%). Mining and quarrying (2012): limestone 7,000,000; gypsum105,000. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$’000,000; 1998): foodand food products 345; cement, bricks, and ceramics 212; wood andwood products 188; fabricated metal products 185; paints, soaps, andpharmaceuticals 94; wearing apparel 91. Energy production (consump-tion): electricity (kW-hr; 2013) 12,108,000,000 ([2011] 17,205,000,000),by source (2012): fossil fuels 92.9%; renewable energy 7.1%, of whichhydroelectric 7.1%; coal (metric tons; 2011) none (250,000); crudepetroleum, none (none); petroleum products (metric tons; 2011) none(5,564,000); natural gas, none (none).

Population economically active (2007): total 1,228,800; participationrates (2009): ages 15–64, male 71.6%; female 22.4%; unemployed[2009] 6.4%.

Average household size (2007): 4.2.Land use as % of total land area (2011): in temporary crops or left fal-low 10.9%, in permanent crops 12.3%, in pasture 39.1%, forest area13.4%.

Foreign tradeImports (2013): LBP 32,012,600,000,000 (mineral

products [significantly petroleum] 24.1%, food andlive animals 15.3%, transportation equipment8.2%, electrical equipment 5.9%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): LBP 5,935,400,000,000 (preciousmetal jewelry and stones [significantly gold and dia-monds] 19.6%, food and live animals 17.8%, baseand fabricated metals [significantly scrap] 13.4%,mineral products 8.6%, chemicals and chemicalproducts 8.4%, electrical equipment 6.6%).Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads: 11. Roads (2005):total length 4,330 mi, 6,970 km12

(paved, n.a.). Vehicles: n.a.

Education and healthLiteracy (2007): total population age 15 and over lit-erate 89.6%; males literate 93.4%; females literate86.0%.

Health (2009): physicians 13,214 (1 per 310 persons);hospital beds 14,348 (1 per 286 persons); infantmortality rate (2005) 23.6; undernourished popula-tion (2006–08) less than 5% of total population.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel(November 2014): 60,000 (army94.3%, navy 3.0%, air force 2.7%);estimated strength of Hezbollah(November 2009) 2,000. UN peace-keeping troops UNIFIL (June 2015)10,410. Military expenditure as per-centage of GDP (2013): 2.7%; percapita expenditure U.S.$290.

1By law one-half of the membership is Christian and one-half Muslim/Druze. 2A law determines French usage per arti-cle 11 of the constitution. In 2004 c. 20% of the population spoke French in their daily lives. 3Rounded pegged rate.4Includes about 798,077 registered Syrian refugees, but does not include 447,328 Palestinian refugees. 5January 1.6Created in 2003; not officially implemented by parliamentary decree by October 2012. 7North Lebanon includes(Akkar. 8Al-Biqa( (Bekaa) includes Baalbek-Hermel. 9Net taxes on products. 10Detail does not add to total givenbecause of rounding. 11The 249 mi (401 km) network was unusable in 2013. 12Roads were severely damaged and near-ly all bridges destroyed by the Israeli military offensive against Hezbollah militants in 2006. 13Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Central Administration of Statistics www.cas.gov.lb• Banque du Liban www.bdl.gov.lb

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2013 2012

in value % of total labour % of labourLBP ’000,000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 2,793 3.9 25,000 1.6Mining and quarrying 386 0.6Manufacturing 5,444 7.7Construction 4,437 6.2Public utilities 2,162 3.0Transp. and commun. 4,159 5.8 1,566,000 98.4Trade, hotels 12,046 16.9Finance, real estate 19,675 27.6Services 8,535 12.0Pub. admin., defense 6,639 9.3Other 4,9099 6.99 — —

TOTAL 71,185 100.010 1,591,000 100.0

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 4,38713 88413

Landline 2014 966 195

Internet users 2010 1,279 310Broadband 2014 1,13213 22813

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