Leaving Certificate Geography

Culture and Identity

Useful Websites

www.undp.orgwww.prb.orgwww.survival-international.orgwww.wikipedia.orgwww.statssa.gov.zawww.swissworld.orgwww.aboutch.comwww.recensement.chwww.cco.caltech.edu/bosniawww.odci.govwww.nytimes.com/specials/bosniawww.factbites.com

What is cultural identity?

Cultural identity is the feeling of identity of a group or of an individual, as far as one is influenced by his/her belonging to a group or culture.

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Culture and

Identity

Language Ethnicity/

Race

ReligionNationality

Linkages and Settings

.Culture and Identity

Core 2

Human Aspects of

Regions

Ireland

e.g. West

N. Ireland

Continental/

Subcontinental

e.g. S. Africa

Aboriginies

Native Americans

Europe

e.g. Basques

Balkans

Elective 5

8.1Populations

Populations can be examined according to physical and cultural indicators such as race, language, religion and nationality.

Outcomes: recognise ethnic groups as classification of population and examine language and religion as cultural indicators.

8.1 Key Concepts

.Multi-racial

Society

Expressions

of Identity

Religious

Conflict

ReligionLanguage

Migration and

Colonisation

Racial Conflict

POPULATIONS

8.1 PopulationsEthnicity/Race

Ethnic/Racial patterns are influenced by:

Historic migrationsRecent migrationsColonialism

Core 2 Settings

Elective 5.3

8.1 Populations (Race)World Races

8.1 Populations (Race)Multi-racial world

8.1 Populations

Racial Conflict

U.S.A (black/white, native American)FranceBritain (general election race issue)South AfricaRussiaSudan,Rwanda,BurundiIndia/Pakistan/KashmirRomaTibetAboriginal land rights, AustraliaKurds

8.1 Populations

Movement of People

Racial patterns influenced by:

Historic migrationsRecent migrations Colonialism Core 2 Settings

Elective 5.3

8.1 Populations (Colonialism & Migration)

Historic Migrations

Barbarians – Huns, Goths, Visigoths (from Eastern Europe to Western Europe)

Islamic Moors (from Arabia to Europe via Balkans)

Vikings (from Denmark and Norway to Iceland and W. Europe)

Slave Trade (from Africa to the Americas)

8.1 Populations

Understanding the impact of colonialism

Later Colonialism

BritainFranceBelgiumGermany/ItalyPortugalDutchSpainSoviet

Early Colonialism

RomanMongolianArabOsmanic

8.1 Populations

Impact of colonialism

.

Cultural colonialism

Language colonialism

Media colonialism

8.1 PopulationsLanguage as a Cultural Indicator

World languagesEuropean languagesInfluence of mass mediaMinority languages – policies for survival

Core 2

Settings

8.1 Population (Language)

Influence of the Mass Media

TG4 and TV5RNGSky News and CNNPop MusicWritten media Internet

8.1 Populations (Language)

Scots Gaelic/Welsh

.

8.1 Populations(Language)

Policies for Survival

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

European Convention 1992

8.1 Populations (Language)

Udarás na Gaeltachta

Ráiteas MisinAn Ghaeltacht a bhuanú agus

a neartú agus an Ghaeilge a chur chun cinn ionas gurféidir le pobal láidirféinmhuiníneach forbairtchun a lánchumas a chomhlíonadh agus caighdeán ard beatha a bhaint amach.

Mission StatementTo preserve and strengthen the Gaeltacht and the Irish language so that strong, self-confident communities can emerge to achieve their full potential and enjoy a high quality of life.

8.1 Populations (Language)

Policies for Survival -Ireland

Radio na GaeltachtaTG4Language Act 2003Local stations e.g. Nemeton Teo, An RinnLanguage SchoolsFestivalsGaelscoileanna

8.1 Populations (Language)

Policies for Survival - Wales

Welsh Language BoardWelsh Education ActEisteddfods (Festivals)S4CPlaid Cymru

8.1 Populations

Religion as a Cultural Indicator

World ReligionsReligious ConflictChurch and State

Core 2 Settings

Elective 5.3

8.1 Populations

Religious Conflict

Northern Ireland 1969 Catholic Vs Protestants

Sudan 1983 Muslims Vs Native Religions

Iraq 1991 Sunnites Vs Shiites

Yugoslavia (Bosnia) 1991 Orthodox Christians Vs Catholics Vs Muslims

8.1 Populations (Religion)

Church/State relations 1937 Constitution .

.

8.1 Populations (Religion)

RANGERS v CELTIC

8.1 Populations

Religious/cultural conflict

8.1 Populations(Religion)

COMPETING IDENTITIES

DerrySix CountiesThe North of IrelandDaily IrelandCelticCliftonvilleSéamus

LondonderryUlsterThe ProvinceBelfast TelegraphRangersLinfieldSammy

8.1 Populations

Expressions of Culture and Identity

ArtSportTraditionsFestivalsCostume Core 2

Settings

8.1 Populations

Expression of identity

8.1 Populations(Expression of Identity)

Sport/ traditions

8.1 Population(Expression of Identity)

Spanish tradition

8.1 Populations(Expressions of Identity)

What countries do you identify?

8.2 Nationality and Nation State

Physical/political boundaries

Cultural groups within nation states

Cultural groups without nationality

Conflicts between political structure and cultural groups

Linkages and Settings

. Culture and Identity

Core 2

Human Aspects of

Regions

Ireland

e.g. West

N. Ireland

Continental/

Subcontinental

e.g. S. Africa

Aboriginies

Native Americans

Europe

e.g. Basques

Balkans

8.2 Nationality and Nation State

Physical Boundaries

Mountains – Andes, Alps, PyrennesSea – IrelandRiver – Shannon, Rhine, ZambeziLake – Canada / North America, Lake Michigan

8.2 Nationality and Nation State

Political Boundaries

Northern IrelandCanada and USAContinental/Sub continental regionEast / West Germany

8.2 Cultural groups within nation states“The Rainbow Nation” {R.S.A}

Language Groups

EnglishAfrikaansNdebeleSothoXhosaVenda

TswanaZuluSwaziTsonga

8.2 Cultural Groups within Nation States

8.2 Cultural groups within nation states

8.2 Cultural groups without nationality

Khoikhoi San

8.2 Cultural groups without nationality

8.2 Cultural Groups without NationalityEurope's Roma/Chechnya

8.2 Cultural Groups without Nationality and in exile

8.2 Conflicts between political structures and cultural groups.Kashmiri Pandits

8.2 Conflict between political structures and cultural groups.The “Holy Land”

8.2 Conflict between political structures and cultural groups.Native Americans

8.3 Identity in Europe

Identity as a concept entails a variety of cultural factors including nationality,language,race,and religion

Case Study: European region

Linkages and Settings

.

Culture and Identity

Core 2

Human Aspects of

Regions

Europe

e.g.Basques

Balkans, N. Ireland,

Switzerland etc.

Possible Areas for Study

The BalkansCeltic regionsSwitzerland CyprusSpainCatalonia,Galicia,BasqueBrittany

SardiniaBelgium“Lapland”Bosnia Hertz.MacedoniaAlbaniaCroatiaSerbiaSlovenia

Ireland

8.3 Culture and Identity

A European Region

The Balkans

The Balkans

The Balkans

Religion as a Cultural Indicator

.

Balkans

SERBIA

Orthodox Christians

Pop.9.8 million

Bosnia-Hertz.

Muslim

Pop.4.6 million

Croatia

Catholic

Pop.4.8 million

The Role of Migration

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FORCED MIGRATION

(Ethnic Cleansing)

Bosnians from Serbia Serbs from CroatiaCroats and Serbs

Invade Bosnia

Bosnia Herzegovina

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Ethnic Divisions 1991 and 1997New Boundaries

Costume as a Cultural Indicator

8.3 Culture and Identity

A European Region

Switzerland

Switzerland

Swissness “unity but not uniformity”.

Boundaries

Physical and Political

Physical Boundaries

Mountains – JuraRivers – RhineLakes – Lake Geneva

Physical Regions – Alps 60%Plateau 30%Jura 10%

Political Boundaries

European borders – Germany, Austria, Italy, France

Cantons

Federal State

Political Boundaries

Language as a Cultural Indicator

New Boundaries

EU enlargementEastern Europe and the BalkansGermanyMember of the United Nations

8.1 Ethnicity /

Race

8.1 Religion8.2 Nationality

8.1 Language

8.1 Movement

of people

Culture and

Identity

Physical/Political

Boundaries

Nation state

Conflict

Impact of

Migration and

Colonisation

World Religions

Conflict

Church and

State

World races

Multi-racial

societies

Racial

Conflict

8.3 European

Case Study

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