Learning Target: #2

Organic -comes from living matter

contains both C and H

Inorganic - comes from nonliving matter does not contain both C and H

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

CARBONLearning Target: #3

• The backbone of organic compounds

• Forms covalent bonds, and bonds with other carbons

• Has 4 bonding sites

• Forms single, double, triple bonds

• Forms chains and rings

5 KEY TERMS: Learning Targets - #6 and #7

• FUNCTIONAL GROUPS - determine characteristics of compounds/the part of the molecule involved in bonding

• Ex’s: -OH, hydroxyl group, -COOH, carboxyl group,

-NH2, amino group

• Monomers - building blocks of organic compounds• Polymers - large molecule formed from linking

monomers together • Macromolecule - very large molecule (polymers joined)• Isomer-molecules with same chem formula but

different structural formula

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESISLearning Target: #9

• The loss of water in order to join 2 monomers, thus forming a larger molecule –polymer

• Also called a condensation reaction

Hydrolysis

The addition of water to break apart a polymer to create monomers

Organic Compounds OverviewLearning targets: #6 and #7

hydroxyl

hydroxylcarboxyl

aminocarboxyl

hydroxyl

DNA, RNAnucleotide

waxsteroid

fatglycerol

fatty acids

proteinamino acids

polysaccharidemonosaccharide

Nucleic Acids

Lipids

Proteins

Carbohydrates

FUNCTIONAL GROUP

POLYMERMONOMERORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MONOSACCHARIDESLearningTarget: #3, #6, #7, #8

• Monomer of carbs• Elements- C, H, O (ratios 2:1,

H:O)• Ex’s: glucose, fructose, galactose• Formula- C6H12O6,

• Isomers• Function-quick energy• Tests-Benedicts-turns orange,

yellow, green, red• Functional Group- -OH

(hydroxyl)

DISACCHARIDES

• 2 Sugar carbohydrate• Formula- C12H22O11

• Functional groups-OH (hydroxyl)

• Tests-negative for both benedicts and iodine• Ex’s-sucrose, maltose, lactose

Glycoside linkage to form disaccharidesLearning Target: #9

The two sugars are joined by condensation and may be broken by hydrolysis

CH2OH

C

H

OH

H

CH

C

OH

H

C

OH

OH

H

C

O

CH2OH

C

H

OH

H

CH

C

OH

H

C

OH

OH

H

C

O

© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS

CH2OH

C

H

OH

H

CH

C

OH

H

COH

H

C

O

CH2OH

C

H

H

CH

C

OH

H

C

OH

OH

H

C

O

O

+ H2O

© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS

A disaccharide

Different monosaccharides can be used

• sucrose = glucose + fructose

• lactose = glucose + galactose

• maltose = glucose + glucose

© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS

CARBOHYDRATE FUNCTIONSLearning Target: #8

Sugars (mono and disaccharides)

• Maintenance of osmotic balance (e.g. salts in blood plasma, plant cell turgidity);

• transport of energy reserves (e.g. glucose in blood or sucrose in sap);

• energy substrate (respiration and photosynthesis);

• energy store (sugar cane);

• flavouring (fruits); reward (nectar);

• precursors (building blocks) of polysaccharides, nucleotides and amino acids

© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS

POLYSACCHARIDE

• Many sugar carbohydrate• Formula- Cy(H2O)x• Tests-positive for Iodine (turns navy blue)• Function – short term storage of energy• Ex’s - glycogen (animal starch), starch (plants),

cellulose (plant building material)

Glucose Song

• Go to youtube and type in glucose song!!