Hope for the Future

Portugal - Póvoa de Lanhoso

Second meeting

13 -17 May 2013

Learning Europe:

Culture & Civilization

Italy

ITALY Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a

unitary parliamentary republic in Southern Europe.

Italy is divided into 20 regions. The capital is Rome,but there are also

other important cities such as Milan, Florence and Naples.

In Italy there are about 60 million people.

Discoveries and Discoveries and Inventions in ItalyInventions in Italy

Flavio Gioia Flavio Gioia

Flavio Gioia, was an Flavio Gioia, was an alleged Italian alleged Italian navigator and navigator and inventor who lived inventor who lived between the between the thirteenth and thirteenth and fourteenth century. He fourteenth century. He invented the magnetic invented the magnetic compass.compass.

CompassCompass

The compass is a tool for The compass is a tool for the identification of the the identification of the cardinal points. It is cardinal points. It is provided with a magnetic provided with a magnetic needle which, free to needle which, free to rotate on a pin, has the rotate on a pin, has the property to align along property to align along the magnetic lines of the the magnetic lines of the earth's magnetic field earth's magnetic field thus indicating the thus indicating the direction north-southdirection north-south

CristoforoCristoforo Colombo Colombo (1415-1506)(1415-1506)

He was among the most He was among the most important Italian sailors important Italian sailors who took part in the who took part in the process of exploration process of exploration of the great of the great geographical geographical discoveries at the turn discoveries at the turn of the fifteenth and of the fifteenth and sixteenth century. sixteenth century. CColombo discovered olombo discovered the American Continent.the American Continent.

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was a was a painter, an engineer and painter, an engineer and a scientist. He was a scientist. He was involved in architecture involved in architecture and sculpture. Besides he and sculpture. Besides he was a designer, essayist, was a designer, essayist, stage designer, stage designer, anatomist, musicist. anatomist, musicist. Leonardo is considered Leonardo is considered one of the greatest one of the greatest geniuses of the mankind.geniuses of the mankind.

GiocondaGioconda

The Gioconda (by The Gioconda (by Leonardo Da Vinci) also Leonardo Da Vinci) also known as the Mona Lisa, known as the Mona Lisa, is an oil painting on wood is an oil painting on wood of poplar. It is certainly of poplar. It is certainly the most famous portrait the most famous portrait in the world and one of in the world and one of the most famous works of the most famous works of art ever, the subject of art ever, the subject of endless gifts, tributes, but endless gifts, tributes, but also parodies and also parodies and mockery.mockery.

Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)(1564-1642)

Galileo said that the sun was Galileo said that the sun was the center of the solar the center of the solar system and not the earth. system and not the earth. Galileo Galileo Galilei was Galilei was a physicist, a mathematician, a physicist, a mathematician, and an astronomer who and an astronomer who played a major role in played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include achievements include improvements to improvements to the telescope and the telescope and consequent astronomical consequent astronomical observations, and support observations, and support for Copernicanism. for Copernicanism.

Giovanni Domenico Cassini Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625-1712)(1625-1712)

Astronomer Giovanni Astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini Domenico Cassini made many important made many important discoveries about discoveries about the Solar System and the Solar System and currently there is a currently there is a spacecraft called spacecraft called Cassini in orbit Cassini in orbit around Saturn.around Saturn.

Marcello Malpighi Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)(1628-1694)

Marcello Malpighi was Marcello Malpighi was a doctor and the a doctor and the founder founder of microscopic of microscopic anatomy.anatomy.

Lazzaro Spallanzani Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799)(1729-1799)

The biologist Lazzaro The biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani Spallanzani conducted important conducted important researches in bodily researches in bodily functions, animal functions, animal reproduction, and reproduction, and cellular theory.cellular theory.

Alessandro Volta Alessandro Volta (1810-1827)(1810-1827)

Alessandro Volta was Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist, an Italian physicist, best known for the best known for the invention of the first invention of the first electric power electric power generator ever made, generator ever made, the battery, and the the battery, and the discovery of methane.discovery of methane.

Eugenio Barsanti Eugenio Barsanti (1821-1864)(1821-1864)

Nicolò Barsanti, better Nicolò Barsanti, better known as Eugenio known as Eugenio was a priest, an was a priest, an Italian engineer and Italian engineer and inventor, the inventor inventor, the inventor and the builder of the and the builder of the first working internal first working internal combustion engine.combustion engine.

Internal Combustion EngineInternal Combustion Engine

The internal The internal combustion engine is combustion engine is defined as the driving defined as the driving thermal machine thermal machine which allows to which allows to convert the chemical convert the chemical energy possessed by energy possessed by a fuel-air mixture.a fuel-air mixture.

The voltaic pileThe voltaic pile

The voltaic pile The voltaic pile (pile of Volta) was the (pile of Volta) was the first static electricity first static electricity generator ever made.generator ever made.

Invented by Invented by Alessandro Volta in Alessandro Volta in 1800, it is the 1800, it is the prototype of the prototype of the modern electric modern electric battery.battery.

Camillo Golgi Camillo Golgi (1843-1926)(1843-1926)

Camillo Golgi was a Camillo Golgi was a physician, pathologist, physician, pathologist, scientist, and Nobel scientist, and Nobel laureate, whose many laureate, whose many achievements include achievements include the discovery of the discovery of the Golgi complex, the Golgi complex, and his role in paving and his role in paving the way to the the way to the acceptance of acceptance of the Neuron doctrine.the Neuron doctrine.

TelephoneTelephone

The telephone was invented by Antonio Meucci in 1871.The telephone is an instrument for telecommunications created for the remote transmission of the human voice.

RadioRadio

The radio was The radio was invented by invented by Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937)(1874-1937) at the at the beginning of xx beginning of xx century. The radio is century. The radio is an electronic an electronic technology which technology which uses electromagnetic uses electromagnetic waves for waves for telecommunications telecommunications and other objects.and other objects.

Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (1901-1954)(1901-1954)

The physicist Enrico The physicist Enrico Fermi, a Nobel prize Fermi, a Nobel prize laureate, was the leader laureate, was the leader of the team that built of the team that built the first nuclear the first nuclear reactor and is also noted reactor and is also noted for his many other for his many other contributions to physics, contributions to physics, including the including the co-development of co-development of the quantum theory.the quantum theory.

Apparecchio d'induzione Apparecchio d'induzione telluricatellurica

The Device induction The Device induction overland serves to overland serves to verify, among other verify, among other things, the existence things, the existence of currents induced by of currents induced by the terrestrial the terrestrial magnetic field and magnetic field and their effects.their effects.

Italian Industry

Italy has a diversified industrial economy with high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and developed infrastructure. According to the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and The World Factbook, in 2012 Italy was the ninth-largest economy in the world, the fifth-largest in Europe and the third-largest in the Eurozone in terms of nominal GDP.

Italy is a member of the G7 and the Group of Eight (G8) industrialized nations, the European

Union and the OECD.

Italy is famous for its products.

In Italy there are :

Automotive industry

Food industry

Aerospace industry

Textile and Leather industry

Metalworking industry

Automotive industryThe most famous factories are:

Fiat

Ferrari;

Maserati;

Lamborghini;

Pagani;

Piaggio;

One of the most popular designer of cars in the world is Pininfarina.

He designed several luxury cars.

Food industry

Cheese

In Italy there are many regional cheese:

Pecorino

Mozzarella

Parmigiano

Oil Oil is an Italian product made by olives.

Olive oil is a fat obtained by grinding whole olives and extracting the oil by mechanical or chemical means. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps.

Types of pasta There are many types of pasta such as spaghetti,

fusilli, penne, farfalle, lasagne, etc.

Long pasta.

LasagneShort pasta.

Ham and salami Prepared meat products, such as bacon, ham, sausages,

salami, mortadella, bresaola, soppressata, primarily from pork. Originally they were intended as a way to preserve meat before the invention of refrigeration.

Typical Italian salami and cold pork meats

Prosciutto di Parma

SoppressataBresaola

Mortadella

Blood orange and grapes

The blood orange is a type of orange with crimson, almost-blood-colored flesh. The fruit is smaller than an average orange; its skin is usually pitted, but can be smooth. It is grown in Sicily.

Grapes are the principal ingredient for wine.

White grapes and Red grapes are grown in Italy.

WineWineCHIANTI

BRUNELLO

PINOT

ASTI

PROSECCO

The most famous brands are:

Barilla (pasta and spaghetti)

Ferrero (nutella and snacks)

Martini (sparkling and other alcoholic drinks)

Perugina(chocolate)

Aerospace industryThe Italian aerospace industry is one of the most

advanced in the world.

The Alenia Aermacchi produces planes for the international airlines companies,for the Italian Air Force and for other countries in the world.

Textile industry In Italy there are a lot of textile companies and

these companies export their products all over the world.

Italy is one of the leading countries in fashion design. Fashion has always been an important part of the country's cultural life and society, and Italians are well known for their attention of dressing-up well.

Italian Fashion Design

The major Italian fashion houses are: Gucci, Armani, Emilio Pucci, Valentino, Prada, Dolce & Gabbana, Ferragamo, Roberto Cavalli, Trussardi, Versace, Krizia, Etro, Miu Miu, Laura Biagiotti, Max Mara, Fendi, Moschino, Missoni, Bottega Veneta, Benetton and Brioni.

The major Italian accessory and jewelry brands are Luxottica, Bulgari, Damiani, Pomellato.

Metalworking industries

There is one of the biggest industry for production of steel. This industry is Ilva.

There are also a lot of artisans.

The most famous are from Venice and they produce glass sculptures.

Industrial Design

Furniture

MOLTENI

FRAU

FLEXFORM

LIPPARINI

ESEDRA