learning and perception-2
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
1/15
Ability/Learning
AbilityAn individuals capacity toperform the various tasksin a job.
Intellectual AbilityThe capacity to do mentalactivities.
Multiple Intelligences
Intelligence contains foursubparts: cognitive,social, emotional, andcultural.
EmployeesEmployees
AbilitiesAbilities
Jobs AbiJobs Abi
RequiremRequirem
Ability-JobFit
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
2/15
Learning
Learning
Relatively permanent
change in behavior
that occurs as a resultof experience.
Learning
Involves change
Is relatively permanent
Is acquired through experience
Learning
Involves change
Is relatively permanent
Is acquired through experience
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
3/15
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
4/15
Theories of Learning
Learning Theory
Behavioral Theory
Thorndike
Pavlov
Watson
Skinner
Cognitive Theory
Bloom
Piaget
Gagne
Humanistic
Rogers
Maslow
N. V. Peale
Inference:
Learning-
Environmental
influence
Inference:
Learning-
Mental Process/
Critical Thinking
Inference:
Learning-
Influence of
emotion/
goal orientation
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
5/15
Theories of Learning
Classical Conditioning
A type of conditioning in
which an individual
responds to some stimulus
that would not ordinarilyproduce such a response.
Key Concepts
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Key Concepts
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
6/15
Theories of Learning /Operant
Conditioning Operant Conditioning
A type of conditioning in which desired
voluntary behavior leads to a reward or
prevents a punishment.
Key Concepts
Reflexive (unlearned) behavior Conditioned (learned) behavior
Reinforcement
Key Concepts
Reflexive (unlearned) behavior Conditioned (learned) behavior
Reinforcement
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
7/15
Theories of Learning /Social
Learning theory Social-Learning Theory
People can learn through observation and
direct experience.
Key Concepts
Attentional processes
Retention processes
Motor reproduction processes
Reinforcement processes
Key Concepts
Attentional processes
Retention processes
Motor reproduction processes
Reinforcement processes
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
8/15
Shaping Behavior
Systematically reinforcing each successive
step that moves an individual closer to the
desired response
Key Concepts
Reinforcement is required to change behavior.
Some rewards are more effective than others.
The timing of reinforcement affects learningspeed and permanence.
Key Concepts
Reinforcement is required to change behavior.
Some rewards are more effective than others.
The timing of reinforcement affects learningspeed and permanence.
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
9/15
Types of Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement Providing a reward for a desired behavior.
Negative reinforcement
Removing an unpleasant consequence when thedesired behavior occurs.
Punishment Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an
undesirable behavior. Extinction
Withholding reinforcement of a behavior to cause itscessation.
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
10/15
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous Reinforcement
A desired behavior is reinforced
each time it is demonstrated.
Intermittent Reinforcement
A desi ed behavio isrei forced often enou h tomake the behavior worthrepeating butnotevery time itis demonstrated.
Fixed-ratio
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
11/15
From Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968).
http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/edpsyint.html
2.2.1 Models: Information Processing2.2.1 Models: Information Processing
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
12/15
1.1 Theories: Behavioural
Primary Focus Observable
behaviour
Stimulus-response
connections Assumptions
Learning is a result
of environmental
forces Subcategories
Contiguity
Respondent
(Classical)
Major Theorists Thorndike
Pavlov
Watson
Skinner
Principles
Time/place pairings
Biological basis of
behaviour
Consequences
Modelling
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
13/15
1.2 Theories: Cognitive Primary Focus
Mental behaviour Knowledge
Intelligence
Critical Thinking
Assumptions
Learning is a result of
mental operations/
processing
Subcategories
Information Processing
Hierarchical
Developmental
Critical Thinking
Major Theorists Bloom
Piaget
Gagne
Principles
Memory is limited
Changes incomplexity
Changes over time
Good thinking
requires standards
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
14/15
2.2.4 Models: Critical Thinking Model
From W. Huitt and J. Hummelhttp://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/edpsyint.html
-
8/6/2019 Learning and Perception-2
15/15
2.4.1 Models: Self-Regulation
LEARNER
GOAL
Plan to achieve goal
Tasks
Problem
+ confidence - confidence
Quit
What must I
do to achieve
goal
Goal is changed
Plan is
modified