leaf architecture of south american us

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 Leaf architecture of South American  Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) using traditional and new m ethods in m orphometrics ANDREA C. PREMOLI  Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado,  Boulder, CO 80309-0334, U.S.A.*  Received August 1995, accepted for publication January 1996 Leaf morphology has been the subject of several studies in  Nothofagus especially in the context of the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of taxa within the genus, which are still controversial. The leaf architecture of  N. dombeyi, N. betuloides and  N. nitida , dominant trees of temperate forest in southern South America, is compared using venation patterns, landmarks, and entire outlines. In terms of venation patterns N. dombeyi and  N. betulo ides were more similar to each other than to N. nitida . Similar r esults w ere found when differences in shape were analysed by discriminant analyses of shape coordinates (landmarks) and Fourier coefficients (outlines). For both analyses, the first discriminant function separated N. nitida from the other two species; these were also distinguished but showed greater overlap with each other. This study, in concert with information from allozyme data confirms the hypothesis of a more ancestral position for  N. nitida with  N. dombeyi and  N. betuloides being more recently derived. In addition to differences in shape, the size component of leaf morphology indicated that whereas  N. betuloides had the smalles t leaves, N. dombeyi spanned the greatest range and has the biggest leaves. Given that the data shown here were obtained from seedlings grown under common-garden conditions, differences in both shape and size, seem to be important components of leaf morphology that may warrant consideration in characterizing these and other species of  Nothofagus . ©1996 The Linnean Society of London ADDITIO NAL KEY WORDS: Entire outl ines – Fourier analy si s – landmarks – shape coordi nates – venation patterns.. CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Material and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Sampl ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Data col lection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Data anal ysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Discuss ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Leaf morphol ogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Ecol ogical rel evance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Evolution and sys tematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 *Pres ent a ddress: Departamento d e Biolog ´ ıa, Un iversidad Nacional del C omahu e, Estafeta Postal Universidad, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (1996), 121: 25–40. With 7 gures 25 00244074/ 96/050025+16 $18.00/0 ©1996 Th e Lin nean Society of Lon don

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