leadership and governance: drivers to a first world zambia'. sustainability of energy... ·...
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"Leadership and Governance: Drivers to a first world Zambia"
"Sustainability of energy infrastructure in Zambia“ Keynote Address
Dr Lemba Davy Nyirenda FEIZ FCSZ MIEEE (USA) MINFORMS (USA) High Court of Zambia Arbitrator & Mediation
Ambassador
Managing Director: Electric Earthing Protection Systems Ltd ( a WorkPlace University ThinkTank)
Outline Zambia’s Energy Sector Infrastructure Sustainability Metrics
1. Energy Sector Importance : Low (No Constitutional National Offices)
2. Energy Institutions Governance
3. Energy Infrastructure Segmentation
4. Infrastructure Diminishing Economic Life:
5. Energy Infrastructure Growth & Sustainability Barriers
6. Infrastructure Sustainability: Leadership Essentials Violations
7. Energy Infrastructure-Growth : Technology Essentials Violations
8. Energy Business-Conduct : Integrity Essentials Violations
9. Energy Systems-Actions : Uprightness Essentials Violations
ENERGY DATA SOURCES: International Energy Agency; World
Development Indicators database; CIA World Factbooks 18
December 2003 to 28 March 2011; Source: Energy Statistics
Database | United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures
from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World
Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division.
Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census
reports and other statistical publications from national statistical
offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the
Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and
(6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; IEA; German
Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ); CIA World Factbooks
2010, 2011, 2012, 2013.
1. Energy Sector Importance:
No Constitutional National Offices
• Money Sector (Wealth Counting): Minister of Finance, BOZ Governor, Auditor General, Accountant General
• Justice Sector (Wealth Safeguarding): Minister of Justice , Attorney General, Solicitor General, Director of Public Prosecutions
• Energy Sector (Wealth Creating) : Minister of Energy, Engineering General (none), Technology General (none), Auditor of Public Projects (none)
2. Energy Institutions Governance :
MOE, Zesco Ltd member IDC, REA,OPPI, ERB,CEC • Affectiveness: Low [Change of Government Change of Management &
High Ranking Professionals & Alleged Opposition sympathisizers] • Effectiveness: Low [First Republic Energy Infrastructure Overstretched
due to Scrapping of NCDP (National Commission for National Development Planning) responsible for Long-range Planning of Long Lead Time Conventional Energy Power Stations & Extra High Voltage Transmission Lines & Substations]. KGLower (1976-2016 delay)
• Efficiency: Low [KPIs not being met, Growing Power Deficit and Increasing Lost Power & Technical Losses, Enforcement of Demand Side Power Factor Correction not Mandatory for Large Power Users, Energy Efficiency Earning Programs not Standard Procedure, Power Quality & Premises Wiring Standards no Mandatory Enforcement, No cost reflective tariffs, No Renewable Energy Feed-in-Tariffs Effected, No Lifeline Tariff for Economically under privileged
3.Energy Infrastructure Components & Performance Indicators
• Forest Energy Sources (FES) : Grass, Leaves, Wood, Charcoal
• Petroleum Energy Sources (PES): Kerosine-Fuel, Petrol-Fuel, Diesel-Fuel , Jet-fuel , LPG-Fuel, Heavy-Oil Fuel
• Conventional Energy Sources ( CES) : Large Nuclear, Large Coal , Large Hydro, Large Diesel, Large Gas for Electricity Generation-Transmission-Distribution-Supply(sales)
• Renewable Energy Sources (RES) : Solar water heaters (ground /roof), Solar-PV (ground/roof) and Solar-CSP (ground) for Electricity; Wind-farm for Electricity;
Micro & Mini Hydro for Electricity; Bio-mass and Bio-oil. and Bio-gas
• Emerging Energy Sources (EES) : Emergency Large Battery Banks, Fuel-Cell Banks, Small Boiling.Pressue Water Nuclear Reactors for Electricity & Nuclear Medicine
Total Electricity Net Generation - Ranks (Billion Kilowatthours)
The amount of gross generation less the electrical
energy consumed at the generating station(s) for
station service or auxiliaries. Electricity required for
pumping at pumped-storage plants is regarded as
electricity for station service and is deducted from
gross generation.
2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2005 2000
Zambia 12.00 11.00 11.00 10.00 9.60 8.80 7.70
Laos 12.00 12.00 8.10 3.70 4.00 3.40 3.60
Estonia 11.00 12.00 12.00 8.30 10.00 9.60 8.00
Sri Lanka 11.00 11.00 10.00 9.60 9.60 8.90 6.50
Costa Rica 10.00 9.70 9.50 9.20 9.40 8.20 6.80
Uruguay 10.00 10.00 11.00 8.60 8.50 7.60 7.50
Croatia 10.00 10.00 14.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 10.00
Burma (Myanmar)
10.00 9.70 7.30 6.80 6.40 5.80 4.90
Sudan and South Sudan
9.70 8.80 7.90 6.80 5.80 4.20 3.00
The National Grid Generation & Transmission Expansion is Guided by 2030
Power System Master Plan .
ZESCO’s electricity generation is 99 percent hydro, and 1 percent thermal
from diesel powered generators located in most districts of North Western
Province. The total installed capacity stands at 2,337 Mega Watts (MW)
Electric power consumption > KWh 8.17 billion 2011 96th / 135
Electric power consumption > KWh per
capita 598.95 2011 111th/135
Electrical outages > Days 30 days 2002 6th / 30
Electricity > Consumption 7.96 billion kWh 2010 63th / 166
Electricity > Consumption > Per capita 770.03 kWh per capita 2007 94th /155
Electricity > Consumption by households
per capita 134.52 kWh 2005 131st /174
Electricity > Production 11.19 billion kWh 2010 61st /161
Electricity production > KWh 11.45 billion 2011 89th /137
Electricity production from renewable
sources > KWh 11.41 billion 2011 47th /137
The Rural Electrification Authority (REA) was established by an Act of Parliament No. 20 of 2003. Its primary aim is to provide electricity infrastructure to the whole nation targeting rural communities as mandated by Government. The Rural Electrification Master Plan (REMP) which is the blue print for executing this program has been development.
Euro bond Financed Projects.
The government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) has allocated USD69 million from the
USD750 million Euorbond proceeds towards the rehabilitation and expansion of the
distribution network infrastructure. The scope of works under this component includes the
construction of new substations, upgrading of existing substation, replacement of obsolete
switch gear and upgrading of the high tension underground cables in major towns.
The country has abundant sunshine which gives the country great potential to
develop this renewable resource and provide affordable energy to rural
communities.
Wind-Energy & Solar Energy Farm
Indeni Petroleum Refinery Limited
The name INDENI was made by joining the names INDECO and ENI Group of
Companies of Italy.
Located in Ndola, on the Copperbelt province of Zambia, the refinery began operations in June
1973. It is supplied by a 1700Km Crude Oil Pipeline from Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania. INDENI has
a design capacity of 1,100,000 MT per year at 77.5 % Crude Oil and 22.5 % others.
Submitted by idc.devops on Wed, 09/16/2015 - 14:53
Zambia Refinery Capacities 1970-2012 International Energy Statistics, February 2015
Zambia
Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (Thousand Barrels Per Cal Day)
Catalytic Cracking Capacity (Thousand Barrels Per Cal Day)
Thermal Cracking Capacity (Thousand Barrels Per Cal Day)
Reforming Capacity (Thousand Barrels
Per Cal Day)
Units Thousand Barrels Per Cal Day
Thousand Barrels Per Cal Day
Thousand Barrels Per Cal Day
Thousand Barrels Per Cal Day
2001 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
2002 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
2003 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
2004 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
2005 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
2006 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
2007 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
2008 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
2009 23.75 0.00 0.00 5.32
Zambia Total Petroleum Consumption 1980-2013 Zambia Total
Petroleum Consumption (Quadrillion
Btu)
Total Petroleum
Consumption (Thousand Barrels Per
Day)
Consumption of Motor Gasoline
(Thousand Barrels Per
Day)
Consumption of Jet Fuel (Thousand Barrels Per
Day)
Consumption of Kerosene (Thousand Barrels Per
Day)
Consumption of Distillate
Fuel Oil (Thousand Barrels Per
Day)
Consumption Residual Fuel
Oil (Thousand Barrels Per
Day)
Units Quadrillion Btu
Thousand Barrels Per Day
Thousand Barrels Per Day
Thousand Barrels Per Day
Thousand Barrels Per Day
Thousand Barrels Per Day
Thousand Barrels Per Day
2007 0.0 14.8 4.3 1.2 0.3 6.4 1.4
2008 0.0 11.9 3.0 0.8 0.4 5.2 1.2
2009 0.0 13.0 3.2 0.9 0.5 5.5 1.4
2010 0.0 13.3 3.7 0.7 0.4 5.9 1.0
2011 0.0 17.0
2012 0.0 20.2
2013 0.0 21.3
Gasoline > Pump price for
gasoline > US$ per liter $1.48 2012 71st /166
Oil > Consumption 16,000 bbl/day 2009 122nd / 193
Oil > Production 160 bbl/day 2009 99th / 180
Oil > Production > Per capita
0.013 bbl/day
per 1,000 people
2007 106th / 111
International Energy Statistics, February 2015 Zambia
Total Coal Consumption (Quadrillion Btu)
Total Coal Consumption (Thousand Short Tons)
Units Quadrillion Btu Thousand Short Tons
1998 0.005 226.834
1999 0.003 137.696
2000 0.003 141.096
2001 0.003 146.607
2002 0.003 151.017
2003 0.004 159.835
2004 0.003 119.050
2005 0.003 154.324
2006 0.001 63.934
Zambia Total Coal Consumption (Quadrillion Btu)
Total Coal Consumption (Thousand Short Tons)
Units Quadrillion Btu Thousand Short Tons
2007 0.000 15.432
2008 0.000 1.102
2009 0.000 1.102
2010 0.000 0.000
2011 0.000 0.000
2012 0.000 0.000
4.Infrastructure Diminishing Economic Life & High Cost of Aging Infrastructure Replacement
• Over-switching, • Previous Wrong operating modes of Generation Plant to Support
Regional Power Banking arrangements • Frequent Emergency Over-loading , • over-operating with delayed maintenance , • Lifelines infrastructure Projects: Multiyear Carryover Incompleteness &
No Best Practice Benchmarking, Projects Implementation Gap (Yellow &Blue Books Zero Disbursements)
• No Real-Time Wide-Area Protection & Control Capability including Critical Power System Components UPEDR ( Universal Productivity Emergency Disaster Recovery ) meter
• High Cost of Commercial Finance for Zesco Ltd Company versus GRZ
5. Energy Infrastructure Growth & Sustainability Barriers
• Lack of GRZ Coordination of Competing Energy Development Opportunities • AfDB High 5s 10year New Deal Energy For Africa • South (China)-South (Zambia) Off-Grid Renewable Energy Capability Transfer MiniHydro &
Solar Projects • IEEE Smart Village Lighting Solar Projects • IDC-Zesco On-Grid MW-Scale Renewable Energy Solar Projects • REA’s REMP RENEWABLE ENERGY Solar PROJECTS • Department of Energy Renewable Energy MW-Scale Solar ProJects • Ministry of Health Renewable Energy Solar Projects
• No Comprehensive Energy Sector Long-term Power Chase Agreements, Legislation & Institutional Reforms Accommodating Largescale Off-Grid Rural & On-Grid Urban Renewables
• No GRZ Sponsored and Entrepreneur-TAX-Sweetening RES PROSUMER Programs
6. Infrastructure Sustainability: Leadership Essentials Violations
• Humanity (Love of People), Clarity (Promised Land Vision and Mission and Values), Courage (Fight opposition within and Without)
[ZEN Rules Lesson 13]
• All three present: Community Thrives
• Any One not-present: Community Deteriorates
(Low Integrity of Conduct or Low Uprightness in Actions)
Any Two not-Present : Community in Peril
(Very-Low Integrity of Conduct and Very-Low Uprightness in Actions)
• All Three not-Present : Way of Leadership in Ruins
(No Integrity of Conduct and No Uprightness in Actions)
7. Energy Infrastructure-Growth : Technology Essentials Violations
• Make, Create, Innovate : RD&D (DResearch & Development Demonstration & Deployment)
• Impacting positively the majority of the population by improving the multiplicity of livelihood opportunities and economic prosperity
• Simplicity of design for maintainability and ease of repair and replacement
• Fit-for-purpose applicability and energy efficiency earnings
• Exploiting as many as possible power & energy efficient open-domain patented technologies in all governance, social, economic growth centres and economic zones
8. Energy Business-Conduct : Integrity Essentials Violations
• Being Trust Worthy : Low ( No monitoring & No Standards Reward System)
• Not-Corrupt : Low ( No monitoring & No Standards Reward System)
• Not-Negligent : Low ( No monitoring & No Standards Reward System)
9. Energy Systems-Actions :
Uprightness Essentials Violations
• All Actions Goodness : Low ( No monitoring & No Standards Reward System)
• All Actions Righteousness : Low ( No monitoring & No Standards Reward System)
• All Actions Truth : Low ( No monitoring & No Standards Reward System)
CONCLUSION
1. Currently Zambia does not have the “Rural Prosperity-Action-Thinking Plans for New-City-Villages ”, Governance and Leadership Climate to transform :
a) The Existing Electricity Generation & Rural Access Constrained Energy Infrastructure to Green First World Sustainable State;
b) The existing half refinery without the crude cracking capability to Green First World Sustainable State
c) The existing lack of coordination between the 2030 REA-REMP and 2030 MOE-PSMP and the 2030 RDA-Roads Network Master Plan to the 2030 First World Integrated Lifelines Infrastructure Master Plan
2. Economics, Accounting, Management and Engineering Professional Codes of Ethics should be harmonizes and be recognized by the Constitutional Court in Cases of Politically Motivated Removals.
3. The Energy Sector Needs Constitutional National Offices like the Money and Justice Professions for Zambia to have Long-Term First World Energy ( Petroleum, Electricity, Coal) Energy Sustainability.
