Lead-Based Paint Inspection and Risk Assessment Report 15403 SE Newport Way Bellevue, Washington

Prepared for: Deborah McCaslin King County Housing Authority 625 Andover Park West Tukwila, WA 98188

June 2012 Project No. 40573.077

Lead-Based Paint Inspection and Risk Assessment King County Housing Authority 15403 SE Newport Way, Bellevue WA

June 2012 Project No. 40573.077

LEAD-BASED PAINT INSPECTION AND

RISK ASSESSMENT

King County Housing Authority 15403 SE Newport Way Bellevue, Washington

Prepared for:

Deborah McCaslin King County Housing Authority

625 Andover Park West Tukwila, Washington 98188

This lead-based paint inspection and risk assessment is for the exclusive use of the client and/or building owner and is not to be photographed, photocopied, or similarly reproduced in total or in part without the expressed written consent of the client

and/or building owner.

Prepared by PBS Engineering + Environmental

2517 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 100 Seattle, Washington 98102

206.233.9639

Lead-Based Paint Inspection and Risk Assessment King County Housing Authority 15403 SE Newport Way, Bellevue WA

June 2012 Project No. 40573.077

i

LEAD-BASED PAINT INSPECTION AND RISK ASSESSMENT KING County Housing Authority

15403 SE Newport Way Bellevue, Washington

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 IDENTIFYING INFORMATION ........................................................................................ 1 2.0 LEAD PAINT INSPECTION ............................................................................................ 2

2.1 Site Information ......................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Lead-Based Paint Inspection .................................................................................... 2 2.3 Components with Lead-Based Paint .......................................................................... 2 2.4 Deteriorated Lead-Based Paint Surfaces ................................................................... 2

3.0 LEAD-BASED PAINT RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................... 3 3.1 Locations and Types of Lead Hazards Identified ....................................................... 3 3.2 Dust Sample Results ................................................................................................. 3 3.3 Soil Samples .............................................................................................................. 3

4.0 LEAD HAZARD CONTROL ............................................................................................ 4 4.1 Definitions .................................................................................................................. 4 4.2 Program Development ............................................................................................... 4 4.3 Lead Hazard Control Recommendations ................................................................... 4 4.4 Notification of Results of the Risk Assessment and Lead Hazard Control Program ... 4

SUPPORTING DATA TAB 1 – SAMPLING INVENTORIES AND LABORATORY DATA SHEETS XRF Data Sheets Dust Wipe Sample Results Soil Sample Results TAB 2 – PUBLICATIONS Pamphlet “Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home” Pamphlet “Testing Your Home for Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil” Pamphlet “The Lead-Based Paint Pre-Renovation Education Rule” TAB 3 – CERTIFICATIONS Risk Assessor PBS Engineering + Environmental Analytical Laboratory

Lead-Based Paint Inspection and Risk Assessment King County Housing Authority 15403 SE Newport Way, Bellevue WA

June 2012 Project No. 40573.077

1

1.0 IDENTIFYING INFORMATION BUILDING DATA CLIENT DATA 15403 SE Newport Way King County Housing Authority Bellevue, WA 625 Andover Park West Tukwila, Washington 98188 Attn: Ms. Deborah McCaslin SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT On June 27, 2012, PBS Engineering + Environmental (PBS) conducted a lead-based paint inspection and risk assessment in accordance with the U.S. Department Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing. The single-family residence at 15403 SE Newport Way, Bellevue, Washington was the subject of the inspection. CERTIFICATIONS Risk Assessor Janet Murphy State of Washington Department of Community, Trade and Economic Development Risk Assessor Certification No: 0258 Expiration Date: 3/8/2013 Signature Date

June 29, 2012

Certifying Firm PBS Engineering + Environmental Certification No: 0178 2517 Eastlake Avenue East Expiration Date: 9/3/2012 Seattle, Washington 98102 Telephone: 206.223.9639 Certified Laboratory NVL Laboratories, Inc AIHA NLLAP Certification No: 101861 4708 Aurora Avenue North Seattle, Washington 98102 Telephone: 206.547.0100

Lead-Based Paint Inspection and Risk Assessment King County Housing Authority 15403 SE Newport Way, Bellevue WA

June 2012 Project No. 40573.077

2

2.0 LEAD PAINT INSPECTION

2.1 Site Information The building is of wood construction with gypsum interior walls and ceilings. The exterior is wood siding with wood window and door frames. There are three bedrooms, one bathroom and kitchen. The building is in good condition. The majority of the interior surfaces are painted. Walls and ceilings are painted gypsum wallboard. Built-in cabinets in the kitchen are made of wood and painted white. The exterior wood siding and soffits are painted gray. Window and door frames are painted white.

2.2 Lead-Based Paint Inspection The presence of lead in paint was determined through x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.

2.2.1 XR F S ampling A handheld INNOV-X Systems Inc. X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer (XRF) operating in lead paint mode was used to perform a surface by surface lead paint inspection of each selected unit and building. HUD and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have set 1.0 milligrams per square centimeter (mg/cm2) as the threshold limit for lead-based paint as determined through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) testing. HUD and EPA have set 5,000 parts per million (ppm), or 0.5 percent by atomic absorption (AA) laboratory analysis as the threshold limit for lead-based paint. Paint that is known to contain lead levels less than those described above does not have to be evaluated, although all deteriorated paint (paint surfaces in poor condition) should be repaired because it may contain lower levels of lead that may contribute to lead dust or lead contaminated soil hazards. All calibration readings were within the tolerance for this instrument. No substrate correction is required with the INNOV-X Systems XRF per the instrument’s performance characteristic sheet. The “Side” information presented on the XRF data sheets is in relation to the side of the rooms, or building exteriors where the XRF test spot is located. The inspector/risk assessor used the side with the posted address for each residence as the basis to establish side “A”. Sides B, C, and D follow in clockwise rotation. The side with the posted address is used to establish Bedroom 1. The other bedrooms follow in a clockwise rotation.

Please refer to the XRF sample data table for the complete list of XRF samples located in Tab 1.

2.3 Components with Lead-Based Paint Lead was not found in painted components above the HUD level of 1 mg/cm2 by XRF or 0.5% by AA. (See XRF Spreadsheet).

2.4 Deteriorated Lead-Based Paint Surfaces Lead-based paint was not found on any components tested. .

Lead-Based Paint Inspection and Risk Assessment King County Housing Authority 15403 SE Newport Way, Bellevue WA

June 2012 Project No. 40573.077

3

3.0 LEAD-BASED PAINT RISK ASSESSMENT 3.1 Locations and Types of Lead Hazards Identified Lead-based paint was not found on any painted components above the HUD levels. 3.2 Dust Sample Results The purpose of dust sampling is to determine the lead concentration in settled dust. Dust is an important pathway for childhood exposure to lead. Children can be exposed to leaded dust by inhalation or ingestion. Ingestion of leaded dust is a common pathway during normal hand to mouth activities involving their fingers, or toys that that have come in contact with leaded dusts. Wipe sampling is the recommended method for collecting surface dust samples. Dust samples are typically collected from floors near friction and impact spots or areas of deteriorated paint, interior window sills, and window wells. Cabinets, shelves, and table tops may also be sampled if there is reason to suspect a surface dust hazard may exist caused by friction, impact points, or from areas of deteriorated paint nearby. Dust wipes were collected in accordance with EPA 747-R-95-001, Residential Sampling for Lead: Protocols for Dust and Soil Sampling. All wipe samples were analyzed using EPA Method SW846-7000B, Flame Atomic Absorption. HUD has established the following threshold limits for lead in settled dust in target housing: 40 µg/ft2 on floors, 250 µg/ft2 on window sills, and 400 µg/ft2 in window wells. Results of the single surface dust sampling conducted during this assessment revealed lead concentrations below EPA/HUD lead standards indicating that lead hazards do not exist as discussed above. The following table lists the locations and findings from lead dust wipe sampling.

SAMPLE NO. LOCATION SURFACE LEAD (µg/ft2)

40573.077-W1 Living room, Front entry Floor <18.0 40573.077-W2 Kitchen, Back entry Floor <18.0 40573.077-W3 Bedroom 1, entry Floor <18.0

Lead wipe sample inventory and lab reports are located under Tab 1.

3.3 Soil Samples Composite soil sampling was conducted around the foundation or “drip line” of the buildings and the basket ball court. The soil samples were collected in accordance with EPA 747-R-95-001, Residential Sampling for Lead: Protocols for Dust and Soil Sampling. All samples were analyzed using EPA Method SW846-7000B, Flame Atomic Absorption. The EPA/HUD threshold for bare residential soil is 1,200 parts per million (ppm) and for child’s play areas is 250 ppm. Analysis of the composite soil samples collected from the exterior drip lines of selected buildings revealed lead in soil below the EPA/HUD threshold for bare residential soil. Lead soil sample chain-of-custody and lab reports are located under Tab 1. PBS inspected the property for areas of bare soil in excess of 9 SF. Areas of bare soil were not present. There were no playground areas on the property for soil sampling.

Lead-Based Paint Inspection and Risk Assessment King County Housing Authority 15403 SE Newport Way, Bellevue WA

June 2012 Project No. 40573.077

4

SAMPLE NO. LOCATION LEAD (ppm)

S1 Composite from drip line 94.0

4.0 LEAD HAZARD CONTROL 4.1 Definitions Lead-based paint was not identified on this property. Analysis of dust wipe, and soil samples resulted in lead concentrations below the HUD reporting limit.

4.2 Program Development A hazard control program is not required to be established for this property 4.3 Lead Hazard Control Recommendations No lead hazards were observed during this assessment. However, It is possible that lead hazards could develop at this site that did not exist at the time of this assessment. In order to prevent hazards from developing, PBS recommends that any new paint added to the buildings be lead-free.

4.4 Notification of Results of the Risk Assessment The Owner should provide results of this report to the residents in the dwelling. The Owner should explain to the residents:

1. No lead hazards were identified at the property.

2. Provide a copy of the EPA brochure; Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home

located in Tab 2 to the residents.

TAB 1 Lab Reports and Sample Data Sheets

XRF Data Sheets Dust Wipe Sample Analyses

Soil Sample Analyses

Lead

-Bas

ed P

aint

Insp

ectio

n15

403

SE

New

port

Way

, Bel

levu

e, W

AP

BS

Eng

inee

ring

+ E

nviro

nmen

tal

June

27,

201

2

PB

S P

roje

ct #

405

73.0

771

of 3

Rea

ding

Roo

mC

ompo

nent

Subs

trat

eC

olor

Con

ditio

nR

esul

t (m

g/sq

cm

)Po

sitv

e/N

egat

ive

212

Test

PA

SS

Kitc

hen/

Din

ing

Roo

m0

213

Cei

ling

Cei

ling

Gyp

sum

wal

lboa

rdW

hite

Inta

ct0

Neg

ativ

e21

4S

ide

AW

all

Gyp

sum

wal

lboa

rdW

hite

Inta

ct0

Neg

ativ

e21

5S

ide

AS

illW

ood

Whi

teIn

tact

0N

egat

ive

216

Sid

e A

Slid

ing

Doo

r Fra

me

Woo

dW

hite

Inta

ct0

Neg

ativ

e21

7S

ide

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all

Gyp

sum

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lboa

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ct0

Neg

ativ

e21

8S

ide

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all

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sum

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ct0

Neg

ativ

e21

9S

ide

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oor

Woo

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hite

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ct0

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ativ

e22

0S

ide

CD

oor F

ram

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0N

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ive

221

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e D

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allb

oard

Whi

teIn

tact

0N

egat

ive

222

Sid

e D

Cab

inet

Woo

dW

hite

Inta

ct0

Neg

ativ

eLi

ving

room

223

Cei

ling

Cei

ling

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ct0

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ativ

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all

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ativ

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226

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e B

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227

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all D

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room

122

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230

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231

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232

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me

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ativ

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241

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Lead

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ed P

aint

Insp

ectio

n15

403

SE

New

port

Way

, Bel

levu

e, W

AP

BS

Eng

inee

ring

+ E

nviro

nmen

tal

June

27,

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2

PB

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ct #

405

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772

of 3

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ding

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nent

Subs

trat

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nR

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t (m

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cm

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sitv

e/N

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ive

Bed

room

225

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allb

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ive

251

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of R

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ct0

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ativ

e28

1S

ide

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indo

w F

ram

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teIn

tact

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egat

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282

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e A

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dow

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ct0

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ativ

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3S

ide

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284

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288

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ed P

aint

Insp

ectio

n15

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SE

New

port

Way

, Bel

levu

e, W

AP

BS

Eng

inee

ring

+ E

nviro

nmen

tal

June

27,

201

2

PB

S P

roje

ct #

405

73.0

773

of 3

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ding

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mC

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nent

Subs

trat

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nR

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t (m

g/sq

cm

)Po

sitv

e/N

egat

ive

289

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e A

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fitW

ood

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yIn

tact

0.32

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ide

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idin

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tact

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egat

ive

291

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299

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TAB 2

Publications Pamphlet “Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home”

Pamphlet “Testing Your Home for Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil” Pamphlet “The Lead-Based Paint Pre-Renovation Education Rule”

Provided Electronically

Recycled/RecyclablePrinted with vegetable oil based inks on recycled paper (minimum 50% postconsumer) process chlorine free.

If you think your home has high levels of lead:

Get your young children tested for lead, even ifthey seem healthy.

Wash children’s hands, bottles, pacifiers, and toysoften.

Make sure children eat healthy, low-fat foods.

Get your home checked for lead hazards.

Regularly clean floors, window sills, and other surfaces.

Wipe soil off shoes before entering house.

Talk to your landlord about fixing surfaces withpeeling or chipping paint.

Take precautions to avoid exposure to lead dustwhen remodeling or renovating (call 1-800-424-LEAD for guidelines).

Don’t use a belt-sander, propane torch, hightemperature heat gun, scraper, or sandpaper onpainted surfaces that may contain lead.

Don’t try to remove lead-based paint yourself.

Simple Steps To Protect Your Family From Lead Hazards

ProtectYourFamilyFromLead InYourHome

United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency

United StatesConsumer ProductSafety Commission

United StatesDepartment of Housingand Urban Development

Many houses and apartments built before 1978 havepaint that contains high levels of lead (called lead-based paint). Lead from paint, chips, and dust can

pose serious health hazards if not taken care of properly.

OWNERS, BUYERS, and RENTERS areencouraged to check for lead (see page 6)before renting, buying or renovating pre-1978 housing.

Federal law requires that individuals receive certain information before renting, buying, or renovating pre-1978 housing:

LANDLORDS have to disclose known infor-mation on lead-based paint and lead-basedpaint hazards before leases take effect.Leases must include a disclosure aboutlead-based paint.

SELLERS have to disclose known informa-tion on lead-based paint and lead-basedpaint hazards before selling a house. Salescontracts must include a disclosure aboutlead-based paint. Buyers have up to 10days to check for lead.

RENOVATORS disturbing more than 2 squarefeet of painted surfaces have to give youthis pamphlet before starting work.

Are You Planning To Buy, Rent, or Renovatea Home Built Before 1978?

IMPORTANT!

Lead From Paint, Dust, andSoil Can Be Dangerous If Not

Managed Properly

FACT: Lead exposure can harm young children and babies even before theyare born.

FACT: Even children who seem healthy canhave high levels of lead in their bodies.

FACT: People can get lead in their bodies bybreathing or swallowing lead dust, or byeating soil or paint chips containinglead.

FACT: People have many options for reducinglead hazards. In most cases, lead-basedpaint that is in good condition is not ahazard.

FACT: Removing lead-based paint improperlycan increase the danger to your family.

If you think your home might have lead hazards, read this pamphlet to learn some

simple steps to protect your family.

1

2

People can get lead in their body if they:

Breathe in lead dust (especially duringrenovations that disturb painted surfaces).

Put their hands or other objects covered with lead dust in their mouths.

Eat paint chips or soil that containslead.

Lead is even more dangerous to childrenunder the age of 6:

At this age children’s brains and nervoussystems are more sensitive to the dam-aging effects of lead.

Children’s growing bodies absorb morelead.

Babies and young children often puttheir hands and other objects in theirmouths. These objects can have leaddust on them.

Lead is also dangerous to women ofchildbearing age:

Women with a high lead level in theirsystem prior to pregnancy would exposea fetus to lead through the placentaduring fetal development.

Lead Gets in the Body in Many Ways

Childhoodlead poisoningremains amajor environmen-tal healthproblem inthe U.S.

Even childrenwho appearhealthy canhave danger-ous levels oflead in theirbodies.

3

Lead’s Effects

It is important to know that even exposureto low levels of lead can severely harm children.

In children, lead can cause:

Nervous system and kidney damage.

Learning disabilities, attention deficitdisorder, and decreased intelligence.

Speech, language, and behavior problems.

Poor muscle coordination.

Decreased muscle and bone growth.

Hearing damage.

While low-lead exposure is most common, exposure to high levels of lead can have devastating effects onchildren, including seizures, uncon-sciousness, and, in some cases, death.

Although children are especially susceptible to lead exposure, lead can be dangerous for adults too.

In adults, lead can cause:

Increased chance of illness duringpregnancy.

Harm to a fetus, including brain damage or death.

Fertility problems (in men and women).

High blood pressure.

Digestive problems.

Nerve disorders.

Memory and concentration problems.

Muscle and joint pain.

Lead affectsthe body inmany ways.

4

Many homes built before 1978 have lead-based paint. The federal governmentbanned lead-based paint from housing in1978. Some states stopped its use evenearlier. Lead can be found:

In homes in the city, country, or suburbs.

In apartments, single-family homes, andboth private and public housing.

Inside and outside of the house.

In soil around a home. (Soil can pick uplead from exterior paint or other sourcessuch as past use of leaded gas in cars.)

To reduce your child's exposure to lead,get your child checked, have your hometested (especially if your home has paintin poor condition and was built before1978), and fix any hazards you may have.Children's blood lead levels tend to increaserapidly from 6 to 12 months of age, andtend to peak at 18 to 24 months of age.

Consult your doctor for advice on testingyour children. A simple blood test candetect high levels of lead. Blood tests areusually recommended for:

Children at ages 1 and 2.

Children or other family members whohave been exposed to high levels of lead.

Children who should be tested underyour state or local health screening plan.

Your doctor can explain what the test resultsmean and if more testing will be needed.

Get yourchildren andhome testedif you thinkyour homehas high lev-els of lead.

Checking Your Family for Lead

Where Lead-Based Paint Is Found

In general,the older yourhome, themore likely ithas lead-based paint.

Lead-based paint is usually not a hazard ifit is in good condition, and it is not on animpact or friction surface, like a window. Itis defined by the federal government aspaint with lead levels greater than or equalto 1.0 milligram per square centimeter, ormore than 0.5% by weight.

Deteriorating lead-based paint (peeling,chipping, chalking, cracking or damaged)is a hazard and needs immediate attention.It may also be a hazard when found on sur-faces that children can chew or that get alot of wear-and-tear, such as:

Windows and window sills.

Doors and door frames.

Stairs, railings, banisters, and porches.

Lead dust can form when lead-based paint is scraped, sanded, orheated. Dust also forms when painted surfaces bump or rub togeth-er. Lead chips and dust can get on surfaces and objects that peopletouch. Settled lead dust can re-enter the air when people vacuum,sweep, or walk through it. The following two federal standards havebeen set for lead hazards in dust:

40 micrograms per square foot (μg/ft2) and higher for floors,including carpeted floors.

250 μg/ft2 and higher for interior window sills.

Lead in soil can be a hazard when children play in bare soil orwhen people bring soil into the house on their shoes. The followingtwo federal standards have been set for lead hazards in residentialsoil:

400 parts per million (ppm) and higher in play areas of bare soil.

1,200 ppm (average) and higher in bare soil in the remainder ofthe yard.

The only way to find out if paint, dust and soil lead hazards exist isto test for them. The next page describes the most common meth-ods used.

Lead frompaint chips,which youcan see, andlead dust,which youcan’t alwayssee, can bothbe serious hazards.

Identifying Lead Hazards

5

6

You can get your home tested for lead inseveral different ways:

A paint inspection tells you whether yourhome has lead-based paint and where itis located. It won’t tell you whether or notyour home currently has lead hazards.

A risk assessment tells you if your homecurrently has any lead hazards from leadin paint, dust, or soil. It also tells you whatactions to take to address any hazards.

A combination risk assessment andinspection tells you if your home has any lead hazards and if your home hasany lead-based paint, and where thelead-based paint is located.

Hire a trained and certified testing profes-sional who will use a range of reliablemethods when testing your home.

Visual inspection of paint condition and location.

A portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF)machine.

Lab tests of paint, dust, and soilsamples.

There are state and federal programs inplace to ensure that testing is done safely,reliably, and effectively. Contact your stateor local agency (see bottom of page 11) formore information, or call 1-800-424-LEAD(5323) for a list of contacts in your area.

Home test kits for lead are available, butmay not always be accurate. Consumersshould not rely on these kits before doingrenovations or to assure safety.

Checking Your Home for Lead

Just knowingthat a homehas lead-based paintmay not tellyou if there is a hazard.

7

If you suspect that your house has leadhazards, you can take some immediatesteps to reduce your family’s risk:

If you rent, notify your landlord ofpeeling or chipping paint.

Clean up paint chips immediately.

Clean floors, window frames, windowsills, and other surfaces weekly. Use amop or sponge with warm water and ageneral all-purpose cleaner or a cleanermade specifically for lead. REMEMBER:NEVER MIX AMMONIA AND BLEACHPRODUCTS TOGETHER SINCE THEYCAN FORM A DANGEROUS GAS.

Thoroughly rinse sponges and mopheads after cleaning dirty or dustyareas.

Wash children’s hands often, especial-ly before they eat and before nap timeand bed time.

Keep play areas clean. Wash bottles,pacifiers, toys, and stuffed animals regularly.

Keep children from chewing windowsills or other painted surfaces.

Clean or remove shoes beforeentering your home to avoidtracking in lead from soil.

Make sure children eat nutritious, low-fat meals high in iron and calcium, such asspinach and dairy products.Children with good diets absorbless lead.

What You Can Do Now To Protect Your Family

8

In addition to day-to-day cleaning and goodnutrition:

You can temporarily reduce lead hazardsby taking actions such as repairing dam-aged painted surfaces and planting grassto cover soil with high lead levels. Theseactions (called “interim controls”) are notpermanent solutions and will need ongo-ing attention.

To permanently remove lead hazards,you should hire a certified lead “abate-ment” contractor. Abatement (or perma-nent hazard elimination) methodsinclude removing, sealing, or enclosinglead-based paint with special materials.Just painting over the hazard with regularpaint is not permanent removal.

Always hire a person with special trainingfor correcting lead problems—someonewho knows how to do this work safely andhas the proper equipment to clean up thoroughly. Certified contractors will employqualified workers and follow strict safetyrules as set by their state or by the federalgovernment.

Once the work is completed, dust cleanupactivities must be repeated until testingindicates that lead dust levels are below thefollowing:

40 micrograms per square foot (μg/ft2)for floors, including carpeted floors;

250 μg/ft2 for interior windows sills; and

400 μg/ft2 for window troughs.

Call your state or local agency (see bottomof page 11) for help in locating certifiedprofessionals in your area and to see iffinancial assistance is available.

Reducing Lead Hazards In The Home

Removinglead improperlycan increasethe hazard toyour familyby spreadingeven morelead dustaround thehouse.

Always use a professional whois trained toremove lead hazards safely.

Take precautions before your contractor oryou begin remodeling or renovating any-thing that disturbs painted surfaces (suchas scraping off paint or tearing out walls):

Have the area tested for lead-basedpaint.

Do not use a belt-sander, propanetorch, high temperature heat gun, dryscraper, or dry sandpaper to removelead-based paint. These actions createlarge amounts of lead dust and fumes.Lead dust can remain in your homelong after the work is done.

Temporarily move your family (espe-cially children and pregnant women)out of the apartment or house until the work is done and the area is prop-erly cleaned. If you can’t move yourfamily, at least completely seal off thework area.

Follow other safety measures toreduce lead hazards. You can find outabout other safety measures by calling 1-800-424-LEAD. Ask for the brochure“Reducing Lead Hazards WhenRemodeling Your Home.” This brochureexplains what to do before, during, and after renovations.

If you have already completed renova-tions or remodeling that could havereleased lead-based paint or dust, getyour young children tested and followthe steps outlined on page 7 of thisbrochure.

Remodeling or Renovating a Home WithLead-Based Paint

If not conductedproperly, certain typesof renova-tions canrelease leadfrom paintand dust intothe air.

9

10

Drinking water. Your home might haveplumbing with lead or lead solder. Callyour local health department or watersupplier to find out about testing yourwater. You cannot see, smell, or tastelead, and boiling your water will not getrid of lead. If you think your plumbingmight have lead in it:

• Use only cold water for drinking andcooking.

• Run water for 15 to 30 secondsbefore drinking it, especially if youhave not used your water for a fewhours.

The job. If you work with lead, youcould bring it home on your hands orclothes. Shower and change clothesbefore coming home. Launder your workclothes separately from the rest of your family’s clothes.

Old painted toys and furniture.

Food and liquids stored in lead crystalor lead-glazed pottery or porcelain.

Lead smelters or other industries thatrelease lead into the air.

Hobbies that use lead, such as makingpottery or stained glass, or refinishingfurniture.

Folk remedies that contain lead, such as“greta” and “azarcon” used to treat anupset stomach.

Other Sources of Lead

While paint, dust,and soil are themost commonsources of lead,other leadsources also exist.

11

The National Lead Information CenterCall 1-800-424-LEAD (424-5323) to learnhow to protect children from lead poisoningand for other information on lead hazards.To access lead information via the web, visitwww.epa.gov/lead andwww.hud.gov/offices/lead/.

EPA’s Safe Drinking Water HotlineCall 1-800-426-4791 for information aboutlead in drinking water.

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Hotline

To request information on lead inconsumer products, or to report anunsafe consumer product or a prod-uct-related injury call 1-800-638-2772, or visit CPSC's Web site at:www.cpsc.gov.

Health and Environmental AgenciesSome cities, states, and tribes havetheir own rules for lead-based paintactivities. Check with your local agency tosee which laws apply to you. Most agenciescan also provide information on finding alead abatement firm in your area, and onpossible sources of financial aid for reducinglead hazards. Receive up-to-date addressand phone information for your local con-tacts on the Internet at www.epa.gov/leador contact the National Lead InformationCenter at 1-800-424-LEAD.

For More Information

For the hearing impaired, call the Federal Information Relay Service at 1-800-877-8339 to access any of

the phone numbers in this brochure.

12

EPA Regional Offices

Region 1 (Connecticut, Massachusetts,Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,Vermont)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 1Suite 1100 (CPT)One Congress StreetBoston, MA 02114-2023 1 (888) 372-7341

Region 2 (New Jersey, New York,Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 22890 Woodbridge AvenueBuilding 209, Mail Stop 225Edison, NJ 08837-3679(732) 321-6671

Region 3 (Delaware, Maryland,Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington DC,West Virginia)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 3 (3WC33)1650 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103(215) 814-5000

Region 4 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia,Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina,South Carolina, Tennessee)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 461 Forsyth Street, SWAtlanta, GA 30303(404) 562-8998

Region 5 (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 5 (DT-8J)77 West Jackson BoulevardChicago, IL 60604-3666(312) 886-6003

EPA Regional Offices

Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, NewMexico, Oklahoma, Texas)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 61445 Ross Avenue, 12th FloorDallas, TX 75202-2733(214) 665-7577

Region 7 (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,Nebraska)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 7(ARTD-RALI)901 N. 5th StreetKansas City, KS 66101(913) 551-7020

Region 8 (Colorado, Montana, NorthDakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 8999 18th Street, Suite 500Denver, CO 80202-2466(303) 312-6021

Region 9 (Arizona, California, Hawaii,Nevada)

Regional Lead Contact U.S. Region 975 Hawthorne StreetSan Francisco, CA 94105(415) 947-4164

Region 10 (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,Washington)

Regional Lead ContactU.S. EPA Region 10Toxics Section WCM-1281200 Sixth AvenueSeattle, WA 98101-1128(206) 553-1985

Your Regional EPA Office can provide further information regard-ing regulations and lead protection programs.

CPSC Regional Offices

Eastern Regional CenterConsumer Product Safety Commission201 Varick Street, Room 903New York, NY 10014(212) 620-4120

Central Regional CenterConsumer Product Safety Commission230 South Dearborn Street, Room 2944Chicago, IL 60604(312) 353-8260

Western Regional CenterConsumer Product Safety Commission1301 Clay Street, Suite 610-NOakland, CA 94612(510) 637-4050

HUD Lead Office

13

Please contact HUD's Office of Healthy Homes and Lead HazardControl for information on lead regulations, outreach efforts, andlead hazard control and research grant programs.

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentOffice of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control451 Seventh Street, SW, P-3206Washington, DC 20410(202) 755-1785

Your Regional CPSC Office can provide further information regard-ing regulations and consumer product safety.

U.S. EPA Washington DC 20460 EPA747-K-99-001U.S. CPSC Washington DC 20207 June 2003U.S. HUD Washington DC 20410

This document is in the public domain. It may be reproduced by an individual ororganization without permission. Information provided in this booklet is basedupon current scientific and technical understanding of the issues presented andis reflective of the jurisdictional boundaries established by the statutes governingthe co-authoring agencies. Following the advice given will not necessarily pro-vide complete protection in all situations or against all health hazards that canbe caused by lead exposure.

Testing Your Home For Lead In Paint, Dust, And Soil

United StatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgency

Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics7404

EPA 747-K-00-001July 2000

About This PublicationThis publication is for anyone who is considering having a home

or residence tested for lead in paint, dust, or soil by a lead-basedpaint professional. It explains the technical aspects of lead testingwithout overwhelming the reader. Thus, commonly asked questionsare presented in logical order. The first section tells why you wouldtest for lead, the approaches for testing for lead, and what informa-tion you will get from each approach. The second section answersspecific questions about how paint, soil, and dust sampling are con-ducted by a lead-based paint professional in your home. Finally,the last section answers other questions about testing, includingquestions about home test kits and testing of water and ceramics.

Important:This publication addresses federal regulations and guidelines.

Your state may have its own lead program and different regulations.For more information, contact the National Lead Information Center(NLIC) at 1-800-424-LEAD or visit http://www.epa.gov/lead.

cC

Preface

Section 1: General Questions About Testing Approaches

Why Should I Test My Home For Lead?............................................................................ 1Why Is Testing Recommended For Houses Built Before 1978? .......................................2What Kind Of Testing Do I Want?...................................................................................... 2Who Can Do Lead Testing For Me? .................................................................................. 4What Will The Testing Report Tell Me?.............................................................................. 5Do I Have To Do Anything After The Testing Is Completed? ............................................ 5May I Abate Lead-Based Paint Hazards In My Own Home? ........................................... 6

Section 2: Specific Questions About Testing Paint, Dust, And Soil

Are All Painted Surfaces In The Home Tested .................................................................. 7 How Are Painted Surfaces Tested? .................................................................................. 7What Do The Results Of Paint Testing Mean?.................................................................. 8What If No Lead-Based Paint Is Found In My Home? ...................................................... 9How Are Dust Samples Collected And Analyzed? ............................................................ 10What Do The Results Of Dust Sampling Mean? .............................................................. 10How Are Soil Samples Collected And Analyzed?.............................................................. 11What Do The Results Of Soil Testing Mean? .................................................................... 11What Are Composite Samples? ........................................................................................ 11

Section 3: Miscellaneous Questions Frequently Asked About Testing

What Are Home Test Kits? ................................................................................................ 13Does EPA Recommend Test Kits For Paint, Dust, Or Soil Testing? ................................ 13May I Collect Paint, Dust, And Soil Samples Myself And Send Them To A Laboratory?..13What About Testing For Lead In Water? .......................................................................... 13What About Testing For Lead In Furniture, Dishware, And Mini-Blinds? .......................... 14

Contacts For Further Information ...................................................................................... 15

Additional Reading ............................................................................................................ 16

Table Of Contents

before starting the work. The EPA brochureReducing Lead Hazards When Remodeling YourHome (see page 16) provides guidelines forrenovating or remodeling your home.

If your house was built before 1978 andyou hire a professional to renovate, the renova-tor must, before beginning renovation, give youa copy of the EPA pamphlet Protect Your FamilyFrom Lead In Your Home.

III. You Are Renting Or Buying A HomeThe Federal Lead-Based Paint and Lead-

Based Paint Hazards Disclosure Rule requiresthat the landlord or seller of a residentialdwelling built prior to 1978 provide the renteror buyer with:

! The pamphlet Protect Your FamilyFrom Lead In Your Home and

! Any available information on lead-based paint or lead-based painthazards in the home.

A buyer must be given the opportunity toconduct testing to determine whether lead-based paint or lead-based paint hazards arepresent. While you are not required by law totest for lead, it may be advisable if you have(or plan to have) young children in the home.

General Questions About Testing Procedures

Why Should I Test My Home For Lead?

There are numerous reasons why you might want to test your home for lead,especially if built before 1978.

I. There Are (Or Will Be) Children AgeSix And Younger In The HomeLead from paint, especially peeling or

flaking paint, can get into dust and soil inand around a home. Young children may thenswallow the lead during normal hand-to-mouthactivity. In addition, an unborn child may beexposed to lead in the mother’s womb. Highlevels of lead in the fetus and in children agesix and younger have been linked to nervoussystem damage, behavior and learning prob-lems, and slow growth. Testing can tell youwhether there is lead-based paint or a lead-based paint hazard in your home.

II. You Are About To Remodel,Renovate, Or Repaint Your HomeAny disturbance of lead-based paint can

create a hazard by depositing lead chips orparticles in the house dust or in the soil aroundthe house. If you are planning on doing reno-vation, remodeling, or repainting, you shouldhave testing done by a certified lead-basedpaint professional on any painted surfaces thatwill be removed, disturbed, scraped, or sanded

Q:

A:

Section 1

1

IV. You Are A Landlord Or Selling A HomeAs discussed above, a homeowner is

required to provide renters or buyers with anyavailable information on lead-based paint orlead-based paint hazards in homes built before1978. Testing will give you the informationthat may be requested by potential renters orbuyers.

Why Is TestingRecommended For HousesBuilt Before 1978?

Federal regulations placed a limit onthe amount of lead in paint sold forresidential use starting in 1978. Thatis why homes built before 1978 aresubject to the Disclosure Rule. Theolder the home, the greater the chanceof lead-based paint and lead-basedpaint hazards, and the more importantit is to have the home tested.

What Kind Of Testing Do IWant?

Three different approaches for testinglead are available: a lead-based paintinspection, a risk assessment, and a leadhazard screen. A combination inspec-tion and risk assessment may also bedone. Selection of the approachdepends on why you are testing.

I. Lead-Based Paint InspectionA lead-based paint inspection is a surface-

by-surface investigation to determine whetherthere is lead-based paint in the home andwhere it is located. An inspection may be par-ticularly useful before renovation, repainting, orpaint removal.

An inspection includes:

! An inventory of all painted surfaces,including the outside as well as theinside of the home. ‘Painted surfaces’include all surfaces coated with paint,shellac, varnish, stain, coating, or evenpaint covered by wallpaper.

! Selection and testing of each type ofpainted surface.

Then you should get a report listing thepainted surfaces in the home and whether eachpainted surface contains lead-based paint.

An inspection does not typically test paintedfurniture unless it is a permanent part of thehome, such as kitchen or bathroom cabinets orbuilt-in bookshelves. Soil, dust, and water arenot typically tested during an inspection.

The presence of lead-based paint in a homedoes not necessarily mean there is a lead-basedpaint hazard to occupants. To make sure, youmay want a different testing approach (eithera risk assessment or hazard screen).

Q:

A:

A:

Q:

2

II. Risk AssessmentA risk assessment is an on-site investigation

to determine the presence, type, severity, andlocation of lead-based paint hazards. Thepresence of deteriorated lead-based paint orhigh levels of lead in dust or soil pose potentialhazards to children who may ingest lead insideor playing outside.

A risk assessment includes:

! A visual inspection of the residence todetermine the location of deterioratedpaint, the extent and causes of thedeterioration, and other factors thatmay cause lead exposure to youngchildren inside or outside the home.

! Testing deteriorated paint and painton surfaces where there is reason tobelieve (from teeth marks or fromreports of a parent) that a child haschewed, licked, or mouthed the paint.Painted surfaces in good condition arenot tested.

! Testing household dust from floors andwindows. Samples should include areasfrom a child’s bedroom, a child’s mainplay area, the main entrance, and otherlocations to be chosen by the certifiedRisk Assessor.

! Testing bare soil from play areas, thebuilding foundation, and possibly otherareas around the home.

! Optional water testing.

Finally, you should get a report identifyingthe location of the types of lead-based painthazards and ways to control them. Becausenot all paint is tested, a risk assessment cannotconclude that there is no lead-based paint inthe home.

3

Typical Painted Surfaces Tested During Inspection

Baseboards Heating UnitsBuilt-In Cabinets RailingsCeilings ShelvesChair Rails StairsDoors WallsFireplaces WindowsFloors

Chimneys MailboxesDoor Trim PorchesFascia, Soffits RoofingFences SidingGutters, Downspouts StairsHandrails ShedsLattice Work Swing Sets

Inside The Home Outside The Home

4

An important point is that a risk assessmentidentifies current lead-based paint hazards.New hazards may arise if lead-based paint isdisturbed, damaged, or deteriorates.

If you want to know which painted sur-faces contain lead-based paint and whether anylead-based hazards are present, you will need acombination inspection and risk assessment.

III. Lead Hazard ScreenA lead hazard screen is a limited version of a

risk assessment for houses with a low chanceof lead risks.

In a lead hazard screen:

! Any painted surfaces in a deterioratedcondition are tested.

! Two sets of dust samples are collectedin a lead hazard screen. One set repre-sents the floors and the other set repre-sents the windows. Typically, there isless dust sampling in a lead hazardscreen than in a risk assessment.

! Usually soil samples are not collectedin a lead hazard screen, with oneexception. If there is evidence ofpaint chips in the soil from previousexterior repainting, then the soil shouldbe sampled and tested.

The outcome of the lead hazard screenis either a conclusion that lead-based painthazards are probably not present or a rec-ommendation that a full risk assessment beconducted to determine if such hazards arepresent.

In a lead hazard screen, only deterioratedpaint is tested. Thus, a lead hazard screen can-not conclude there is no lead-based paint in thehome.

A lead hazard screen is only recommendedfor residences that are generally in good condi-tion, with little visible dust, and with paint ingood condition (very little chipping or flaking).

If not, the screen is likely to be a waste of timeand money. In general, a lead hazard screenwill be more useful in housing built after 1960.

As with a risk assessment, a lead hazardscreen identifies current lead-based painthazards. If there is lead-based paint in thehome, new hazards may arise if that paintis disturbed, damaged, or deteriorates.

Who Can Do Lead TestingFor Me?

It is strongly recommended that testingbe performed by a certified Inspectoror certified Risk Assessor.

! Certified Inspectors can perform onlylead-based paint inspections.

! Certified Risk Assessors can performboth risk assessments and lead hazardscreens.

Your state may define the titles for lead-based paint professionals and the types oftesting they can perform differently fromwhat this brochure says. You can find out bycalling NLIC at 1-800-424-LEAD.

Q:

A:

What Will The TestingReport Tell Me?

That will depend on which approachhas been used: inspection, risk assess-ment, or lead hazard screen. Requesta sample report before the testing isdone so that you may see what infor-mation will be provided and how itwill be presented. You should alsorequest that actual lead values (not just‘positive’ or ‘negative’ classifications)be provided in the report as evidencethat the testing was actually done.

I. Inspection ReportIf you have an inspection done, you should

receive a report that tells you which paintedsurfaces were tested and the test results foreach surface. An inspection report will not tellyou the condition of the lead-based paint orwhether lead-based paint hazards exist.

II. Risk Assessment ReportIf you have a risk assessment done, you

will receive a report that tells you whetherthere are any lead-based paint hazards andrecommends ways to reduce or control anyhazards present.

The certified Risk Assessor will take intoaccount the test results and the results of thevisual inspection to decide if there are anylead-based paint hazards and how to controlthem. Lead-based paint hazards identifiedinclude lead-based paint in deteriorated con-dition or on surfaces mouthed by a child.In addition, house dust or bare soil withhazardous lead levels will be identified.

The certified Risk Assessor will providea list of options for controlling each hazard.Options may include both interim controlsand abatement.

! Interim Controls – These are short-termor temporary actions. Examples includerecommendations to repair deterioratedsurfaces that contain lead-based paint,to clean house dust more frequently, orto plant grass or shrubs in areas withbare soil.

! Abatement – These are long-term orpermanent actions. Examples includereplacing old windows, building a newwall over an existing one, or removingsoil.

The certified Risk Assessor will also iden-tify the probable source of the paint deteriora-tion and determine whether other repairs arewarranted. For example, a water leak may needto be repaired to prevent further damage to thepaint.

III. Hazard Screen ReportIf you have a lead hazard screen done, the

report tells you either that there are probablyno lead-based paint hazards in the house orthat full-scale risk assessment is needed.

Do I Have To Do AnythingAfter The Testing IsCompleted?

There is no EPA requirement for youto do anything to any lead-based paintor lead-based paint hazards foundwhen testing your home. However, ifyour home was built before 1978, youwill be required to provide the testresults to any renter or buyer when youlease or sell the home. For more infor-mation on the responsibilities of sellers,landlords and their agents, contactNLIC at 1-800-424-LEAD or visithttp://www.epa.gov/lead.

Be aware that there may be state or otherrequirements for action based on the testresults. You can call NLIC at 1-800-424-LEADfor information about what is required in yourlocality before you start testing.

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May I Abate Lead-BasedPaint Hazards In My OwnHome?

If you decide to abate lead-based painthazards in your own home, it is notrecommended that you do the workyourself. Abatement activities must bedone following careful procedures toprevent contamination of the homewith lead dust. To be safe, hire acertified lead-based paint contractor(a certified professional who can dolead-based paint related abatement).Dust samples should be collected tocheck the thoroughness of the work.

Be aware that you must be certified your-self or you must hire a certified lead-basedpaint professional in the following cases: 1) if achild with a blood-lead level of 20 µg/dL* or

higher for a single venous test (or 15–19 µg/dLin two consecutive tests taken 3 to 4 monthsapart) lives in the house or 2) you own thehouse and rent it to someone else.

If you hire a firm to do testing for lead-based paint hazards, note that you are notunder any obligation to hire the same firm todo the abatement. In fact, it would be better tohave one firm conduct all testing and anotherfirm conduct the abatement work. That willprevent a conflict of interest.

Be sure to maintain a record of the workto help during any future sale or rental of thehome.

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*Pronounced micrograms of lead per deciliter *of blood.

7

Are All Painted Surfaces InThe Home Tested?

Not every single painted surface in thehome will be tested in an inspection,but all types of painted surfaces aretested. For example, a room may havethree windows, all painted the samecolor and all made out of wood. Thecertified Inspector may not test allthree windows, because they appearto be the same.

In a similar fashion, the certified Inspectorwill go through every room and test the differ-ent types of painted surfaces in the rooms.Painted surfaces on the outside of the home,detached structures (such as garages), and itemslike painted fences and swing sets should alsobe tested.

Inspections differ from risk assessmentsand lead hazard screens. In a risk assessment,only deteriorated paint and paint that has beenmouthed or chewed by a child will be tested.In a lead hazard screen, only deteriorated paintis tested.

How Are Painted SurfacesTested?

There are currently two methodsrecognized by EPA for testing paint:portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)analyzers and paint chip samplingfollowed by analysis by a laboratoryrecognized by EPA’s National LeadLaboratory Accreditation Program(NLLAP).

I. Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzers (XRFs)A portable XRF measures lead in paint,

generally without damaging the paint. How-ever, readings from some XRFs are affectedby the base material (known as the “substrate”)underneath the paint, such as wood, plaster,or metal. For these cases, the certifiedInspector removes paint from a few surfacesof each type and takes a measurement on theunpainted surface. These measurements pro-vide a baseline to adjust the lead in paint value.This procedure may do some paint damage.Also, for curved surfaces or very deterioratedpaint, XRF analyzers may not read accuratelyand a paint chip sample may be required.

When a certified lead-based paint pro-fessional follows good testing practices,

Specific QuestionsAbout Testing Paint,Dust, And Soil

Section 2

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XRF analyzers provide a fast and reliablemethod for classifying many painted surfaces.However, some XRF test results may beinconclusive (neither positive nor negative).Then laboratory testing of a paint chip samplemay be necessary.

Because the XRF analyzer uses a radiationsource to detect lead, occupants in the house-hold should be asked to stay out of roomsbehind the surfaces being tested.

II. Paint Chip Sampling AndLaboratory AnalysisPaint chip samples are collected for labora-

tory analysis by removing one to four squareinches of paint from the surface. All layers ofpaint in the sampled area are included in thesample. Usually samples will contain some ofthe material beneath the paint, such as wood,plaster, or concrete particles. The amount ofthis material will be kept to a minimum.

Tools such as chisels and scrapers are usedto remove the paint. Sometimes a heat gun isused to soften the paint and make the removaleasier. If so, a respirator should be worn by theperson operating the heat gun for protectionfrom lead and other fumes. In addition, theroom or area should be well ventilated to pro-tect occupants.

After collecting the paint chip sample,the certified lead-based paint professional willrepair the scraped area so that adjacent paintwill not peel or flake off. Any paint chips ordust from the sampling should be cleaned upby the certified lead-based paint professionalto ensure no lead dust is left behind.

Paint chip samples should be analyzedfor lead by a laboratory recognized by EPA’sNLLAP as proficient for testing lead in paint.EPA has established the NLLAP to ensure thatlaboratory analyses are done accurately. A labo-ratory on the list is recognized as proficient fortesting for lead in whichever of the three sam-ple types (paint, dust, or soil) the laboratoryhas qualified. The certified Inspector and certi-fied Risk Assessor must ensure that any paint

chip samples from your home are analyzed bya laboratory on the NLLAP list for paint. Thispublication addresses federal regulations andguidelines. Your state may have its own leadprogram and different regulations. For moreinformation, contact NLIC at 1-800-424-LEADor visit http://www.epa.gov/lead.

While paint chip sampling followed by lab-oratory analysis is generally more accurate thanXRF testing, sampling and analysis take longerto complete and paint chips must be scrapedfrom many surfaces in the home. In some cases,a surface may be curved or so deteriorated thatan XRF cannot be used properly and samplingmay be the only way to test the paint.

What Do The Results OfPaint Testing Mean?

A certified lead-based paint professionalwill use guidance specific for each typeof XRF analyzer to determine whethera measurement indicates that:

! Lead-based paint is present,

! Lead-based paint is not present, or

! The measurement is inconclusive and alaboratory test is necessary.

The guidance ensures the XRF measure-ment classifies paint as lead-based when thereis 1.0 milligram of lead per square centimeterof painted surface or greater (1.0 mg/cm2). AnXRF analyzer typically reads in mg/cm2, mean-ing milligrams per square centimeter .

When the paint chip sampling followed bylaboratory analysis method is used, the federaldefinition of lead-based paint is dependent onhow the results are reported.

! If the laboratory report is expressed asweight of lead per weight of paint chip,the federal definition of lead-basedpaint is 0.5 percent lead (0.5%). Thisis mathematically the same as 5,000milligrams of lead per kilogram of

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paint chip (5,000 mg/kg), or 5,000micrograms of lead per gram of paintchip (5,000 µg/g), or 5,000 parts permillion lead (5,000 ppm).

! If the laboratory report is expressedas a weight of lead per unit area ofpainted surface, the federal definitionof lead-based paint is 1.0 mg/cm2

(the same as for XRF analysis).

It is possible to report laboratory resultsin both types of units, but this is rarely donebecause of the additional time and workrequired.

Unfortunately, there is no universal defini-tion of lead-based paint. Some state and localgovernments have definitions of lead-basedpaint which differ from those in federal law. Itis recommended that when there is a conflictbetween the federal definition and a state orlocal definition, the more stringent standard(that is, the lower number) be used to define

lead-based paint. A certified lead-based paintprofessional (certified Inspector or certifiedRisk Assessor) will be aware of and will followthe appropriate standard.

What If No Lead-BasedPaint Is Found In MyHome?

Lead can still be present in paint whichis not classified as “lead-based.” Thiswould occur when the paint has a loweramount of lead than the federal gov-ernment regulates. If lead is present inthe paint, lead dust can be releasedwhen the paint deteriorates, or is dis-turbed during remodeling, renovation,

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Federal Definition Of Lead-Based Paint Depends On How Test Results Are Reported

If results are reported as percent (or equivalent)

If results are reported as milligrams per squarecentimeter

Then, in order for it to be considered lead-basedpaint, the paint must have greater than or equalto 0.5% (which is the same as 5,000 µg/g or5,000 mg/kg or 5,000 ppm) lead

Then, in order for it to be considered lead-basedpaint, the paint must have greater than or equalto 1 mg/cm2 lead

How Test Results Are Reported Federal Definition Of Lead-Based Paint

10

sanding, or some maintenance workthat breaks the surface of the paint.This is especially important in homesbuilt before 1978. Since the amount oflead in paint was limited by federal reg-ulation in 1978, lead exposure duringremodeling and renovation is not asmuch a concern in newer homes. Soyou should be careful when there iswork that involves extensive breakingof painted surfaces in a home builtbefore 1978. Make sure any dust anddebris created by breaking paintedsurfaces are thoroughly cleaned up,painted surfaces are repaired and leftintact when the work is done, andchildren stay away from the workareas until all repairs and clean-upare completed.

The EPA brochure Reducing Lead HazardsWhen Remodeling Your Home provides guidelinesfor renovating and remodeling your home. Seepage 16 for more information on how to orderthe brochure.

How Are Dust SamplesCollected And Analyzed?

The most common method for dustcollection is a surface wipe sample.Most certified Risk Assessors will usebaby wipes or wet wipes to collect dust.

If dust is collected from a floor, an area ofone square foot is usually sampled. The area iswiped several times in different directions topick up all the dust. After sampling, the wipe isplaced in a container and sent to a laboratoryfor analysis. The certified Risk Assessor willalso collect wipe samples from windows andmeasure the surface area wiped.

In some situations, special types of vacuumsamplers may be used for dust collection. Theseare different from home vacuum cleaners,although some may look the same.

The certified lead-based paint professionalmust send dust samples to a laboratory recog-nized by EPA’s NLLAP that is proficient fordust analysis. This publication addresses federalregulations and guidelines. Your state may haveits own lead program and different regulations.For more information, contact NLIC at 1-800-424-LEAD or visit http://www.epa.gov/lead.

What Do The Results OfDust Sampling Mean?

Dust sample results are usuallyexpressed as a weight of lead per unitarea of surface. The units will usuallybe micrograms of lead per square foot.For example, a floor wipe sample maybe expressed as 50 micrograms oflead per square foot. This is writtenas 50 µg/ft2. The certified lead-basedpaint professional will provide guidancein interpreting the results of the dusttesting.

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How Are Soil SamplesCollected And Analyzed?

Soil samples are collected from baresoil areas (soil with no grass or othercovering) near your home where chil-dren play and from bare soil areasnear the house foundation or dripline.Optional sampling areas are gardens,pathways, and pet sleeping areas.Samples are collected by coring orscooping methods that take the tophalf-inch of soil. Samples of non-baresoil may sometimes be collected.

Soil samples must be sent to a laboratoryrecognized by EPA’s NLLAP that is proficientin soil analysis. This publication addressesfederal regulations and guidelines. Your statemay have its own lead program and differentregulations. For more information, contactNLIC at 1-800-424-LEAD or visit http://www.epa.gov/lead.

What Do The Results OfSoil Testing Mean?

Results of soil samples are expressed asa weight of lead per unit weight of soil,usually in parts per million. For exam-ple, a soil sample result may be 300parts per million. This is written 300ppm. The certified lead-based paintprofessional will help you interpret theresults of the soil testing.

What Are CompositeSamples?

Composite samples are combinationsof individual samples analyzed togetherin a laboratory to obtain a single aver-age result. Both dust and soil samplesmay be composited. For example, afloor dust sample may be collected ineach of three rooms and combined toobtain one composite dust sample to beanalyzed by the laboratory. Or four soilsamples taken in a play area may becombined to obtain one composite soilsample. Paint samples may also be com-posited, but this is not as common ascompositing dust and soil samples.

Composite samples may often be used inrisk assessments and lead hazard screens toreduce the cost of laboratory analysis or toincrease the representativeness of a singlesample. The disadvantage of composite sam-ples is that information is not available foreach room (or location) from which sampleswere collected.

The certified Risk Assessor will interpretcomposite sample results, if any. The advantageof composite samples is that information isobtained at reduced cost or more samples arecollected for the same cost.

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What Are Home Test Kits?

Home test kits are used in the home todetect lead in paint, soil, and dust (and,in some cases, water, dishware, glasses,and ceramics). A reaction occurs caus-ing a color change when chemicals inthe kit are exposed to lead.

Does EPA Recommend TestKits For Paint, Dust, Or SoilTesting?

No. EPA does not currentlyrecommend home test kits to detectlead in paint, dust, or soil. Studies showthat these kits are not reliable enoughto tell the difference between high andlow levels of lead. At this time, thekits are not recommended for testingperformed by either homeowners orcertified lead-based paint professionals.

May I Collect Paint, Dust,And Soil Samples MyselfAnd Send Them To ALaboratory?

You may do this, although your sam-ples may not be of the same qualityas those collected by a certified lead-based paint professional. If you wantto collect samples yourself, it is recom-mended that you send paint, dust, orsoil samples to a laboratory recognizedby EPA’s NLLAP. A list of NLLAPlaboratories is available from NLIC bycalling 1-800-424-LEAD. If the sam-ples contain high levels of lead, youshould have a certified lead-based paintprofessional do a risk assessment ofyour home.

What About Testing ForLead In Water?

Lead pipes and lead solder were onceused in plumbing and lead leaked intodrinking water. Water testing is not rou-tinely conducted by certified lead-basedpaint testing professionals, but you mayask for it as an optional service. If you

13

Section 3MiscellaneousQuestionsFrequently AskedAbout Testing

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would like information about testingfor lead in water, call the EPA DrinkingWater Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.

What About Testing ForLead In Furniture, Dishware,And Mini-Blinds?

Lead may be present in the paint onfurniture. If the furniture is old or thepaint is damaged, you may want to haveit tested. A certified Inspector or certi-fied Risk Assessor may do this testingfor you.

Lead may also be present in some glass-ware (for example, lead crystal) and in glazesfound on ceramic ware. The lead may beabsorbed into the drink and food stored inthese items.

Contact NLIC at 1-800-424-LEAD orthe Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Food Information Line at 1-800-FDA-4010for information on testing glassware andceramics or access the FDA webpage at http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/lead.html#advice.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission(CPSC) has issued a warning that some mini-blinds may contain lead. For further informa-tion, contact the CPSC hotline at 1-800-638-2772 or access the CPSC webpage at http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml96/96150.html.

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Contacts For Further Information:

Topic Contact InformationAgency

Testing ceramic ware and related items

1-800-FDA-4010http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/lead.html#advice

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Food Information Line

Information on lead in mini-blinds

1-800-638-2772http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml96/96150.html

Consumer Product SafetyCommission (CPSC)

State lead programs and regulations,Current list of NLLAPlaboratories,Lead brochures and fact sheets,General lead hazard information

1-800-424-LEADORfor the hearing impaired1-800-877-8339http://www.epa.gov/lead/nlic.htm

National Lead InformationCenter (NLIC)

EPA and HUD related web sites http://www.epa.gov/leadhttp://www.hud.gov/lea

Environmental Protection AgencyHousing and Urban Development

Information on testing drinkingwater for lead

1-800-426-4791EPA Drinking Water Hotline

Information on state and territory lead professional andcontractor certification andlicensing

1-617-918-1524

1-732-321-6671

1-215-814-2084

1-404-562-8998

1-312-886-7836

1-214-665-7577

1-913-551-7518

1-303-312-6021

1-415-744-1069

1-206-553-1985

EPA Regional Offices

Region 1 CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT

Region 2NJ, NY, PR, VI

Region 3 DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV

Region 4AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

Region 5 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI

Region 6 AR, LA, NM, OK, TX

Region 7 IA, KS, MO, NE

Region 8 CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY

Region 9AS, AZ, CA, GU, HI, NV, NP

Region 10 AK, ID, OR, WA

Additional Reading:

These brochures and fact sheets can beobtained by calling NLIC at 1-800-424-LEADor visiting http://www.epa.gov/lead.

Buying A Home? Here’s What You NeedTo Know About Lead-Based Paint, EPAbrochure, EPA publication numberEPA 747-F-99-001 (January 2000).

Lead In Your Home: A Parent’s ReferenceGuide, EPA brochure, EPA publicationnumber EPA 747-B-99-003 (May 1999).

Protect Your Family From Lead In YourHome, EPA/CPSC/HUD brochure, EPApublication number EPA 747-K-99-001(April 1999).

Reducing Lead Hazards When RemodelingYour Home, EPA brochure, EPA publicationnumber EPA 747-K-97-001 (September1997).

Runs Better Unleaded: How to Protect YourChildren from Lead Poisoning, EPA brochure,EPA publication number EPA 747-F-99-005A(August 1999).

Selecting a Laboratory for Lead Analysis: TheEPA National Lead Laboratory AccreditationProgram, EPA brochure, EPA publicationnumber EPA 747-F-99-002 (April 1999).

The Lead-Based Paint Pre-RenovationEducation Rule, EPA handbook, EPApublication number EPA 747-B-99-004(September 1999).

Disclosure of Lead-Based Paint Hazardsin Housing, EPA/HUD fact sheet, EPApublication number EPA 747-F-96-002(March 1996).

16

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Pollution Prevention and Toxics (7404)

EPA 747-B-99-004September 1999

a handbook for contractors, property managers,and maintenance personnel

The Lead-Based PaintPre-Renovation Education Rule

The Lead-Based PaintPre-Renovation Education Rule

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What Is The Lead-Based Paint Pre-Renovation Education Rule (Lead PRE)?

l The Lead PRE Rule is a Federal regulation affecting construction con-tractors, property managers, and others who perform renovations forcompensation in residential housing that may contain lead-based paint.

l It applies to residential houses and apartments built before 1978.

l It requires distribution of the lead pamphlet, Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home, to the owners and occupants before startingrenovation work.

l Renovation includes most repair, remodeling, and maintenance activi-ties that disturb painted surfaces.

l Lead PRE implements Section 406(b) of the Toxic Substances ControlAct (TCSA).

About This Handbookl This handbook summarizes Lead PRE and how to comply with it. To

ensure compliance, you should also read the rule.

l Key terms are highlighted in bold and are explained on pages 8-10.

Who Should Read This Handbook? l Anyone who owns or manages housing built before 1978.

l Contractors who perform renovations (including certain repairs andmaintenance) which disturb paint in homes built before 1978.

How Can This Handbook Help Me?l This handbook presents simple steps to follow to comply with Lead PRE.

It also lists ways these steps can be easily incorporated into your work.

l Having demonstrated knowledge of lead requirements and safety prac-tices can mean more business for you.

l Distributing the lead pamphlet to your customers and tenants can helpthem protect themselves and their children from the hazards of lead-based paint.

l This handbook describes the law. It also explains the proper steps totake to avoid potentially significant civil (monetary) and criminal finesand penalties.

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What Does Lead PRE Require Me To Do? 1. Distribute a lead pamphlet to the housing owner and occupants

before renovation starts.

2. Obtain confirmation of receipt of lead pamphlet (see page 11)from owner and occupants or a certificate of mailing from thepost office.

3. For work in common areas of multi-family housing, distribute renovation notices to tenants.

4. Retain records for 3 years.

(See page 4 for more details)

Who Must Follow These Requirements? In general, anyone whose compensated work disturbs paint in housingbuilt before 1978, including:

– Residential rental property owners/managers

– General contractors

– Special trade contractors, including

• Painters

• Plumbers

• Carpenters

• Electricians

1Bold Type = Key Terms (see pages 8–10)

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What Types Of Activities Are Subject To Lead PRE?In general, any activity that disturbs paint in pre-1978 housing, including:

– Remodeling and repair/maintenance – Electrical work

– Plumbing – Painting

– Carpentry – Window replacement

What Housing Or Activities Are Excluded From Lead PRE?

l Housing built in 1978 or later

l Housing for the elderly or disabled persons (unless children willreside there)

l Zero-bedroom dwellings (studio apartment, dormitories, etc.)

l Housing or components declared lead-free by a certified inspector orrisk assessor

l Emergency renovations and repairs

l Minor repairs and maintenance that disturb two square feet or lessof paint per component

2

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YES

YES

NO

3

NO

Does this job involve renovationswhich disturb painted surfaces?

Are ANY of the following conditions present?

– The work is an emergency renovation

– The work is a lead abatement project

– The work consists of minor repairs ormaintenance that disturbs 2 square feetor less of painted surfaces

– The housing or its components havebeen determined to be lead-based paintfree by a certified inspector or riskassessor

– The housing is a zero-bedroom dwelling(studio apartments, dormitories, etc.)

– The housing is housing for the elderly ordisabled AND children are not expectedto reside there

If no, then you need to provide the lead pamphlet (see page 4).

Lead

PRE

Does

Not

Apply

Lead PRE At-A-GlanceIf you will be working for compensation in a pre-1978 home or apartmentbuilding, answer the questions below to determine if Lead PRE requires youto give the lead pamphlet to the owner and occupants.

If AnyYes

If All No

Bold Type = Key Terms (see pages 8–10)

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4

How Do I Meet The Lead PRE Requirements?

1. Provide owner with lead pamphlet using eitherprocedure described in Box 1 above.

2. Notify tenants and make pamphlet available.

3. Maintain written documentation describing notifi-cation procedures.

4. Provide supplemental renovation notice ifchanges occur in location, timing, or scope of renovation occurring.

1. Provide lead pamphlet to owner using eitherprocedure described in Box 1 above.

2. Provide lead pamphlet to tenant by either methodbelow:

(a) Deliver pamphlet to dwelling unit before reno-vation begins and document delivery witheither a confirmation of receipt of lead pam-phlet or a self-certification of delivery.

OR

(b) Mail lead pamphlet to tenant at least 7 daysprior to renovation and document with a cer-tificate of mailing

Renovations inCommon Areasof Multi-Family Housing Units

Renovations inTenant-OccupiedDwelling Units

Deliver lead pamphlet to owner before renovationbegins and obtain confirmation of receipt.

OR

Mail lead pamphlet to owner 7 days before renova-tion begins and document with certificate of mailing

Renovations inOwner-Occupied Dwelling Units

RenovationLocation

Procedures to Follow

For all options keep records for 3 years after renovation is completed. (Sample Forms on pages 11 and 12.)

Box 1

Box 2

Box 3

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Special CircumstancesIs painting considered renovation, even if no surface preparation activity occurs?No. If the surface to be painted is not disturbed by sanding, scraping, orother activities that may cause dust, the work is not considered renova-tion and Lead PRE does not apply.

What if I renovate my own home?Lead PRE applies only to renovations performed for compensation; there-fore, if you work on your own home Lead PRE does not apply.

Is a renovation performed by a landlord or employees of a property management firm considered a compensatedrenovation under Lead PRE?Yes. The receipt of rent payments or salaries derived from rent paymentsis considered compensation under Lead PRE. Therefore, renovation activ-ities performed by landlords or employees of landlords are covered.

Do I have to give out the lead pamphlet 7 days prior tobeginning renovation activities?The 7-day advance delivery requirement applies only when you deliver thelead pamphlet via mail; otherwise, you may deliver the pamphlet anytimebefore the renovation begins. Note, however, that the renovation must beginwithin 60 days of the date that the pamphlet is delivered. So for example, ifyour renovation is to begin May 30, you may deliver the pamphlet in personanytime between April 1 and start of the project on May 30, or you maydeliver the pamphlet via mail anytime between April 1 and May 23.

5Bold Type = Key Terms (see pages 8–10)

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Tips For Easy Compliance1. Copy and use the sample forms on pages 11 and 12 of this

handbook.

2. Attach the forms to the back of your customer renovation or repaircontracts. The completed forms can be filed along with your regularpaperwork.

3. If a tenant is not home or refuses to sign the form, you may usethe “self-certification” section of the form (on page 11) to provedelivery. This will reduce your paperwork.

4. Plan ahead to obtain enough copies of the lead pamphlet.

Where Can I Obtain More Information on Lead PRE?Further information is available from the National Lead InformationClearinghouse (800-424-LEAD) or through the Internet(www.epa.gov/lead). Available resources include:

l Full text version of Lead PRE

l Interactive software which guides the users through the Lead PRErequirements on a step-by-step basis (available in late June)

l Interpretive guidance which provides more detailed information onLead PRE requirements6

Confirmation of Receipt of Lead Pamphlet

I have received a copy of the pamphlet, Protect Your Family From Lead in Your

Home, informing me of the potential risk of the lead hazard exposure from reno-

vation activity to be performed in my dwelling unit. I re

ceived this pamphlet

before the work began.

____________________________________________________________

Printed name of recipient

Date

________________________________

Signature of recipient

Self-Certification Option (for tenant-occupied dwellings only) —

If the lead pamphlet was delivered but a tenant signature was not obtainable,

you may check the appropriate box below.

n Refusal to sign — I certify that I have made a good faith effort to deliver the

pamphlet, Protect your Family From Lead In Your Home, to the rental dwelling

unit listed below at the date and time indicated and that the occupant refused

to sign the confirmation of receipt. I further certify that I have left a copy of the

pamphlet at the unit with the occupant.

n Unavailable for signature — I certify that I have made a good faith effort to

deliver the pamphlet, Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home, to the

rental dwelling unit listed below and that the occupant was unavailable to sign

the confirmation of receipt. I further certify that I have left a copy of the pam-

phlet at the unit by sliding it under the door.

____________________________________________________________

Printed name of person certifying Attempted delivery

date and time

lead pamphlet delivery

________________________________

Signature of person certifying

lead pamphlet delivery

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

Unit Address

Note Regarding Mailing Option — As an alternative to delivery in person,

you may mail the lead pamphlet to the owner and/or tenant. Pamphlet must be

mailed at least 7 days before renovation (Document with a certificate of mailing

from the post office).

Renovation Notice — For use in notifying tenants of renovations in common

areas of multi-family housing.The following renovation activities will take place in the following locations:

Activity (e.g., sanding, window replacement)

Location (e.g., lobby, recreation center)The expected starting date is __________________ and the expected ending

date is __________________. Because this is an older building built before 1978,

some of the paint disturbed during the renovation may contain lead. You may

obtain a copy of the pamphlet, Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home, by

telephoning me at __________________. Please leave a message and be sure to

include your name, phone number and address. I will either mail you a pamphlet

or slide one under your door.____________________________

________________________________

Date

Printed name of renovator________________________________

Signature of renovator

Record of Tenant Notification Procedures — Procedures Used For

Delivering Notices to Tenants of Renovations in Common Areas

Project Address:Street

(apt. #)

City

State

Zip Code

Owner of multi-family housing

Number of dwelling units

Method of delivering notice forms (e.g. delivery to units, delivery to mailboxes of units)

Name of person delivering noticesSignature of person delivering notices

Date of Delivery

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Why is Lead Paint Dangerous?People can ingest lead by breathing or swallowing lead-based paint dust or by eating lead-contaminated soil or lead-based paint chips. Householdanimals are also at risk.

If not detected early, high levels of lead in a child can cause seriouseffects, including:

– Damage to the brain and nervous system– Behavior and learning problems– Slowed growth– Hearing problems– Headaches

Lead is also harmful to adults and can, among other effects, cause:

– Difficulties during pregnancy– Other reproductive problems for men and women– High blood pressure– Digestive problems– Nerve disorders– Memory and concentration problems– Muscle and joint pain

Lead can be dangerous to workers and their families if the workerbrings equipment and clothing home after a job.

Other Resources For additional information on how to protect yourself and your customersfrom lead paint hazards, call the National Lead Information Clearinghouseat 1-800-424-LEAD. Available documents include:

l Lead-Based Paint: Operations and Maintenance Work Practices Manual for Homes and Buildings

l Lead Safety for Property Owners, Developers, and Managersl Reducing Lead Hazards When Remodeling Your Homel Lead in Your Home: A Parents’ Reference Guidel Lead Paint Safety: A Field Guide for Painting, Home Maintenance,

and Renovation Work

7Bold Type = Key Terms (see pages 8–10)

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Certificate of Mailing — written verification from the Postal Service thatyou mailed the lead pamphlet to an owner or a tenant. This is less expensivethan certified mail, which is also acceptable for meeting Lead PRE require-ments. (Note: If using this delivery option, you must mail the pamphlet atleast 7 days prior to the start of renovation.)

Certified Inspector or Risk Assessor — an individual who has beentrained and is certified by EPA or an authorized state or Indian Tribe to con-duct lead-based paint inspections or risk assessments.

Common Area — a portion of a building that is generally accessible to allresidents or users. Common areas include (but are not limited to) hallways,stairways, laundry rooms, recreational rooms, playgrounds, community cen-ters, and fenced areas. The term applies to both interiors and exteriors of thebuilding. (Note: Lead PRE requirements related to common areas apply onlyto multi-family housing.)

Compensation — payment or goods for services rendered. Payment can bein the form of money, goods, or services (bartering).

Component — specific design or structural element or fixture distinguishedby its form, function, and location. A component can be located inside or out-side the dwelling.

Examples

Confirmation of Receipt of Lead Pamphlet — a form that is signed bythe owner or tenant of the housing confirming that they received a copy of thelead pamphlet before the renovation began. (See sample on page 11.)

Key Terms

8

InteriorsCeilingsCrown moldingWallsDoors and trimFloorsFireplacesRadiatorsShelvesStair treadsWindows

and trimBuilt-in cabinetsBeamsBathroom vanitiesCounter topsAir conditioners

ExteriorPainted roofingChimneysFlashingGutters and

downspoutsCeilingsSoffitsDoors and trimFencesFloorsJoistsHandrailsWindow sills and sashesAir conditioners

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Emergency Renovation — unplanned renovation activities done inresponse to a sudden, unexpected event which, if not immediately attendedto presents a safety or public health hazard, or threatens property with signifi-cant damage.

Examples 1: Renovation to repair damage from a tree that fell on a house 2: Renovation to repair a water pipe break in an apartment

complex

General Contractor — one who contracts for the construction of an entirebuilding or project, rather than for a portion of the work. The general contrac-tor hires subcontractors (e.g. plumbing, electrical, etc.), coordinates all work,and is responsible for payment to subcontractors.

Housing for the Elderly — retirement communities or similar types ofhousing specifically reserved for households of one or more persons 62 yearsof age or older at the time the unit is first occupied.

Lead Abatement — work designed to permanently eliminate lead-basedpaint hazards. If you are hired to do lead-abatement work only, Lead PRE doesnot apply. Abatement does not include renovation, remodeling, landscaping, orother activities done to repair, restore, or redesign a given building — even ifthese activities incidentally reduce lead-based paint hazards. (Note: Somestates define this term differently than described above. Consult your state offi-cials if you are not sure how “lead abatement” is defined in your state.)

Lead Pamphlet — the pamphlet Protecting Your Family From Lead in YourHome, or an EPA-approved alternative pamphlet. (See page 13 for informa-tion on obtaining copies.)

Minor Repair and Maintenance — minor repair and maintenance activi-ties, such as minor electrical work or plumbing, that disturb two square feetor less of painted surface per component.

Examples 1: Drilling holes in the wall to run an electrical line2: Replacing a piece of window trim3: Replacing a light fixture

Multi-family Housing — housing property consisting of more than fourdwelling units.

Owner — any person or entity that has legal title to housing, including individu-als, partnerships, corporations, government agencies, Indian Tribes, and nonprofitorganizations.

Record of Notification — written statement documenting the steps takento notify occupants of renovation activities in common areas of multi-familyhousing. (See page 12 for sample.)

9

Key Terms (continued)

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Renovation — modification of all or part of anyexisting structure in housing that disturbs a paintedsurface. Includes:

– Removal/modification of painted surfaces,components, or structures

– Surface preparation activities(sanding/scraping/other activities that may create paint dust)

– Window replacement

Examples 1: Demolition of painted walls or ceilings

2: Large surface replastering3: Major plumbing repairs or

improvements4: Any other activities which disturb

painted surfaces

Renovation Notice — notice to tenants of renovations in common areas ofmultifamily housing. (See sample form on page 12.) Notice must describenature, location, and expected timing of renovation activity; and must explainhow the lead pamphlet may be obtained free of charge.

Renovator — a person who performs for compensation a renovation, asdefined above. (Note: Because the term “renovation” is defined broadly byLead PRE, many contractors who are not generally considered to “renova-tors,” as that term is commonly used, are considered to be “renovators”under Lead PRE, and must follow Lead PRE requirements.)

Self-Certification of Delivery — an alternative method of documentingdelivery of the lead pamphlet to a tenant. This method may be used whenev-er the tenant is unavailable or unwilling to sign a confirmation of receipt oflead pamphlet. (See sample form on page 11.) (Note: This method is not apermissible substitute for delivery of the lead pamphlet to an owner.)

Special Trade Contractors — individuals or companies performing workin specialized occupations such as painting, electrical work, plumbing, orcarpentry.

Supplemental Renovation Notice — additional notification that isrequired when the scope, location, or timing of project changes.

Zero-Bedroom Dwelling — any residential dwelling where the living areais not separated from the sleeping area. This term includes efficiency and stu-dio apartments, dormitory housing, and military barracks.

Key Terms (continued)

10

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Sample FormsThe forms on the next two pages are sample forms you can use to makedocumentation of compliance easier.

Confirmation of Receipt of Lead PamphletI have received a copy of the pamphlet, Protect Your Family From Lead in YourHome, informing me of the potential risk of the lead hazard exposure from reno-vation activity to be performed in my dwelling unit. I received this pamphletbefore the work began.

________________________________ ____________________________Printed name of recipient Date

________________________________Signature of recipient

Self-Certification Option (for tenant-occupied dwellings only) — If the lead pamphlet was delivered but a tenant signature was not obtainable,you may check the appropriate box below.

nn Refusal to sign — I certify that I have made a good faith effort to deliver thepamphlet, Protect your Family From Lead In Your Home, to the rental dwellingunit listed below at the date and time indicated and that the occupant refusedto sign the confirmation of receipt. I further certify that I have left a copy of thepamphlet at the unit with the occupant.

nn Unavailable for signature — I certify that I have made a good faith effort todeliver the pamphlet, Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home, to therental dwelling unit listed below and that the occupant was unavailable to signthe confirmation of receipt. I further certify that I have left a copy of the pam-phlet at the unit by sliding it under the door.

________________________________ ____________________________Printed name of person certifying Attempted delivery date and timelead pamphlet delivery

________________________________Signature of person certifyinglead pamphlet delivery

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________Unit Address

Note Regarding Mailing Option — As an alternative to delivery in person,you may mail the lead pamphlet to the owner and/or tenant. Pamphlet must bemailed at least 7 days before renovation (Document with a certificate of mailingfrom the post office). 11

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Sample Forms (continued)

Renovation Notice — For use in notifying tenants of renovations in commonareas of multi-family housing.

The following renovation activities will take place in the following locations:

Activity (e.g., sanding, window replacement)

Location (e.g., lobby, recreation center)

The expected starting date is __________________ and the expected ending date is __________________. Because this is an older building built before 1978,some of the paint disturbed during the renovation may contain lead. You mayobtain a copy of the pamphlet, Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home, bytelephoning me at __________________. Please leave a message and be sure toinclude your name, phone number and address. I will either mail you a pamphletor slide one under your door.

____________________________ ________________________________Date Printed name of renovator

________________________________Signature of renovator

Record of Tenant Notification Procedures — Procedures Used ForDelivering Notices to Tenants of Renovations in Common Areas

Project Address:

Street (apt. #)

City State Zip Code

Owner of multi-family housing Number of dwelling units

Method of delivering notice forms (e.g. delivery to units, delivery to mailboxes of units)

Name of person delivering notices

Signature of person delivering notices Date of Delivery

12

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Where Can I Get Copies of the Lead Pamphlet?For single copies of Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home (inSpanish or English), call the National Lead Information Clearinghouse(NLIC) at 1-800-424-LEAD. For any orders, be sure to use the stock reference number EPA747-K-99-001.

There are four ways to get multiple copies:

1. Call the Government Printing Office order desk at (202) 512-1800.

2. Send fax requests to (202) 512-2233.

3. Request copies in writing from:

Superintendent of DocumentsP.O. Box 371954Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954

4. Obtain via the Internet at www.epa.gov/lead

Single copies are available at nocharge. Bulk copies available in packs of 50.

The pamphlet may be photo-copied for distribution as long asthe text and graphics are read-able. Camera-ready copies are available from NLIC or via the Internet.

13

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If no, then you need to read this book!Rental property owners and managers,renovators, and maintenance personnelare affected by Lead PRE.

YES

YES

NO

NO

Does this job involve renovationswhich disturb painted surfaces?

Are ANY of the following conditions present?

– The work is an emergency renovation

– The work is a lead abatement project

– The work consists of minor repairs ormaintenance that disturbs 2 square feetor less of painted surfaces

– The housing or its components havebeen determined to be lead-based paintfree by a certified inspector or riskassessor

– The housing is a zero-bedroom dwelling(studio apartments, dormitories, etc.)

– The housing is housing for the elderly ordisabled AND children are not expectedto reside there

Lead

PRE

Does

Not

Apply

The Lead Pre-Renovation Education Rule (Lead PRE) At-A-GlanceIf you will be working for compensation in a pre-1978 home or apartmentbuilding, answer the questions below to determine if Lead PRE requires youto give the lead pamphlet to the owner and occupants.

If AnyYes

If All No

Bold Type = Key Terms (see pages 8–10 inside)

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TAB 3

Certifications Risk Assessor

PBS Engineering + Environmental Analytical Laboratory