laxmi institute of technology, sarigam · laxmi institute of technology, sarigam approved by aicte,...

Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

CIVIL ENGINEERING

RAILWAY, BRIDGE AND TUNNEL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE: 2160603

B.E. 6thSEMESTER

Type of course: Compulsory

Prerequisite: Nil

Rationale: Railway is important mode of surface transportation. Railways are economic for the long

distance transportation of passengers and freight on the land. India has the second largest Railway network

in the world. At present in the India, the share of goods transportation in railway is reduced than the

roadways. There is a very good scope of developing high speed trains and special corridors for freight transportation in India. Bridges and Tunnels are essential to provide safe and economic passage

over/through obstructions to railway or road corridor. The study of this subject provides necessary

knowledge of railway track, its component parts, geometric design, points and crossings, stations and yards, signaling and control system, maintenance, modern development and safety in railways. It also provides

knowledge of types of bridges, bridge super structure and sub structure, loads acting on bridges, bridge

hydrology, bridge maintenance, tunnel alignment, tunnel construction in different types of grounds, tunnel - ventilation, lining, safety and lighting.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total

Marks L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks

ESE

(E)

PA (M) ESE (V) PA

(I) PA ALA ESE OEP

3 1 0 4 70 20 10 30 0 20 150

Content:

Sr. No. Content Total

Hrs

% Weightage

1 Development of railways in India, Permanent way and railway track

components, different gauges in India, conning of wheels, function and

types of rails, rail sections, defects in rails, creep of rails, rail joints and

welding of rails, sleepers – types, spacing and density, rail fixtures and

fastenings, ballast, subgrade and embankment.

5 12

2 Geometric design of railway track: gradients, grade compensation, speed

of trains on curves, super elevation, cant deficiency, negative super

elevation, curves, widening on curves.

5 13



3 Railway traction and track resistance, stresses in railway track – rails,

sleepers, ballast. Points and crossings – turnouts, switches, crossings.

Track junctions – types, splits, diamond, gauntlet, scissor crossovers.

Railway stations - requirements, facilities, classifications, platforms,

loops, sidings. Railway yards – types, required equipments in yards.

Signalling and control system – objectives, classification, Interlocking of signals and points.

6 15

4 Railway track - construction, drainage, maintenance. Recent

developments in railways – high speed trains, modernization in track for

high speed, Metro rails, Monorail, automation in operation and control.

Safety in railways – accidents and remedial measures.

4 10

5 Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction

materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,

purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site

selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –

design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.

Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,

bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of

different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of

bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.

14 30

6 Tunnels: Necessity/advantage of a tunnel, Classification of Tunnels,

Size and shape of a tunnel, Alignment of a Tunnel, Portals and Shafts,

Methods of Tunneling in Hard Rock and Soft ground, Mucking, Lighting

and Ventilation in tunnel, Dust control, Drainage of tunnels, Safety in

tunnel construction.

8 20

Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory): Distribution of Theory Marks

R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level

15 20 20 20 15 10

Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create and

above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual

distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

Reference Books:

1. Satish Chandra and M.M. Agrawal, Railway Engineering, Oxford University Press, New Delhi

2. S.C. Saxena and S. P. Arora, A Text Book of Railway Engineering, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New

Delhi 3. S.C. Rangwala, K.S. Rangwala and P.S. Rangwala, Principles of Railway Engineering, Charotar

Publishing House, Anand.

4. S.P. Bindra, Principles and Practice of Bridge Engineering, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi

5. S.C. Saxena, Tunnel Engineering, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi

6. D.J. Victor, Essential of Bridge Engineering, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Ltd. Mumbai



Course Outcome:

After learning the course the students should be able to:

1. Know about railway track components, their materials, size, function and importance

2. Carry out geometric design of railway track 3.Know about various components in diverging, merging and crossings of railway tracks, stations, yards,

signaling, interlocking and control systems.

4. Know about requirements of railway track for high speed trains, safety aspects and maintenance. 5. Understand about different types of bridges, their components, loads/stresses acting on bridges,

requirement and function of the components, hydrological design, methods of erection, maintenance of

bridges. 6. Understand about importance, types, methods of construction, mucking, ventilation, lining and lighting in

Tunnels.

List of Tuturials:

Field visit of - Railway station and yard, Bridge site, Tunnel site.

1. Geometric design of railway track

2. Bridge components’ design using hydrological data of a selected river site.

ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS: Preparation of power-point slides, which include videos,

animations, pictures, graphics for better understanding theory and practical work – The faculty will allocate

chapters/ parts of chapters to groups of students so that the entire syllabus to be covered. The power-point

slides should be put up on the web-site of the College/ Institute, along with the names of the students of the

group, the name of the faculty, Department and College on the first slide. The best three works should

submit to GTU.



ASSIGNMENT: 1

Name of Subject: - Railway bridge & tunnel engg

[R.B.T.E]

Subject Code: - 2160603.

Given Date: -

Sr. No. Name of Question Remarks

RAILWAY ENGGINEERING

1 Give a recent development of Indian railway. C

2 Give importance of railway. A

RAILWAT TRACK GAUGE

1 What is railway gauge? Explain factor affecting selection of railway gauge.

B

2 Explain loading gauge with neat sketch. A

3 Explain construction gauge with neat sketch. A

4 Why the uniformity of gauge is desirable in any country. C

ALIGNMENT OF RAILWAY LINES

1 Explain basic requirement of an ideal Alignment. A

2 Give the classification of alignment based on topography. B

3 Enlist the name of surveys conducted before fixing railway alignment. Explain any two.

B

Submission Date:

Name & Sign of Subject In-charge :

RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 2


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


TRACK AND TRACK STRESS

1 Explain component of railway track. B

2 Draw neat sketch for selection of permanent way as per Indian railway standards.

A

3 Write short note on “stresses in ballast”. C

4 Explain conning of wheels. C

5 Write short note on “stresses in sleepers”. A

RAIL

1 Give types of rails & requirement of an ideal rail. A

2 What is creep of rail? Explain theories of creep. A

3 Discuss the criteria for deciding the c/s and length of rail. B

SLEEPERS

1 Give functions & requirement of an ideal sleeper. B

2 What is sleeper density? List the factors governing sleeper density. A

3 Write short note on concrete sleepers. B

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 3


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


BALLAST

1 Give the functions of ballast C

2 State the requirements of a good ballast material. C

3 Explain minimum depth of ballast section. A

4 Give specification for track ballast C

TRACK FITTINGS

1 Explain with neat sketch types of spikes. A

2 Explain with neat sketch types of bolt. B

3 Explain with neat sketch types of keys. B

4 Write a short note on fish plate with neat sketch. C

5 Different between flat bearing plate and canted bearing plate. A

6 With the help of a suitable sketch explain the assembly of the pandrol clip in elastic fastening for concrete sleeper.

C

GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF TRACK

1 Explain different type of gradient used on Indian railway. C

2 Define (i) equilibrium cant (ii) cant deficiency. A

3 Explain „negative super elevation‟. State the circumstances under which it is provided.

A

4 Define: (I) Ruling gradient (II) pusher gradient (III) momentum gradient (IV) compensated gradient for curvature.

A

5 Discuss about geometric design of railway track. A

6 Explain necessity of gradient. B

7 Discuss all type of gradient. B

8 What is the necessity of geometric design of a railway track? Enumerate the significant feature of design of a railway track.

A

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 4


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


RESISTANCE TO TRACTION

1 Discuss in brief the various traction on railways. A

2 Give importance of railway. B

3 Explain resistance due to curvature. C

4 Write short note on: resistance due to gradient. C

POINTS & CROSSINGS

1 What is turnout? Explain its various parts with neat sketch. A

2 Drew the figure of left and right hand turnout out. B

3 Explain different type of switches with neat sketch. A

4 Explain scissor & diamond crossing with neat sketches. B

RAILWAY STATION & YARDS

1 Discuss the factors to be considered while selecting a site for railways Stations.

B

2 Write a short note on ash peat, water columns & turn table. B

3 Explain briefly the different types of yard with the help of neat sketch. A

4 Give facilities required for railway station. C

Submission Date: 28/03/2018


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 5


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


SIGNALLIUNG & INTERLOLOCKING

1 Briefly explain semaphore and colored lights signal A

2 Define interlocking. Explain essential regulation of interlocking in

Indian railway.

A

3 Explain method of interlocking. B

4 Explain panel interlocking and route relay interlocking. B 5 What is mechanical interlocking? Explain lain any one of them. C

6 Write short note on: (i) Warner signal (ii) co-acting signal (iii) shunting signal (iv) calling signal.

A

RAILWAY TRACK

1 Give the need for construction of a new railway line.

2 What is plate laying? List the methods of plate lying and discuss any one.

3 Give the importance of track drainage. C

4 Explain type of maintenance of railway track. C

5 Describe maintenance of surface of rails C

6 Explain maintenance of gauge. A

7 Give the various surface defects in track and suggest remedial measure.

B

8 Write short note on metro rail and mono rail. A

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 6


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


BRIDGE

1 Give requirements of an ideal bridge and give list of data to be collected for location of bridge site.

A

2 List and explain the factors affecting selection of bridge site. A

3 Write a short note a) Economic Span b)Afflux c)Scour depth d) Length of bridge

B

4 Define

Linear water way c)Natural water way

Free board d) Effective linear water way

B

5 Discuss investigation procedure for bridge construction. C

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 7


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGE

1 Give classification of bridge as per alignment, bridge flooring, Purpose, Superstructure.

B

2 Write a short note on :

a) Low cost bridge b)Bascule bridge c) Floating bridges d) Flying bridges e) Suspension bridge

A

3 Draw a neat sketch of bridge and show its components and write its Function.

C

State the function of bearings and also explain rocker and roller Bearings.

A

5 What are the different types bearings used in bridges? Discuss their Relative merits and demerits.

B

6 Explain : Cut water and ease water C

7 Explain with sketch: Bow-string arch bridge. B

8 Explain with sketches different types of steel bridges. B

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 8


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND MAINTENANCE

1 Discuss with sketch the Erection of steel girder bridge. B

2 Discuss with sketch the Erection of steel truss bridge. A

3 Discuss with neat sketch Erection of plate girder bridge. B Discuss forces acting on different parts of bridges. C

5 Write a short note on maintenance of bridge. B

6 Write down defects in bridges also write the remedial measures to prevent defects in bridges.

A

7 Explain the method of strengthening the bridge super structure. B

8 Write a short note on bridge Architecture. C

9 Discuss with neat sketch the river training works required for bridge. C

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 9


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


GENERAL ASPECTS

1 Give Advantages and Disadvantages of tunnel and Open cut. B

2 Classify and Explain tunnels based on shape. A

3 Write a short note on Size of tunnel. B

4 Write in brief: Alignment of tunnel. B

5 Define Shafts. Give Classification of Shafts. B

6 Write down advantages of shafts and factors affecting the size of shafts.

C

7 Write a short note on Construction of Shafts in Rocks with neat sketches.

A

8 Explain the various operations involved in sinking the shaft in rock. C

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 10


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


TUNNELING IN HARD ROCK AND SOFT GROUND

1 Enlist the various methods of tunneling in hard rock. Explain heading and bench method with its advantages.

B

2 Write a short note on full face method. B

3 Write a short note on Drift method. B

4 Enlist the various methods of tunneling in soft ground. Explain any three with neat sketch.

C

5 Write a short note on: a)Needle beam method b)Belgian method c)English method d)American method Linear plate method

A

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



ASSIGNMENT: 11


[R.B.T.E]


Given Date: -


LIGHTING,VENTILATION DUST CONTROL AND DRAINAGE & SAFETY

1 What are the requirements of a ventilation system? Explain briefly various methods for dust suppression during tunneling.

A

2 Explain various methods for “Tunnel ventilation”. B

3 Write a short note on: Dust control in a tunnel. B

4 Write a short note on: Drainage systems in tunnel. B

5 Write a short note on: Safety precautions in tunneling. C

Submission Date:


RAVI N.PATEL



Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad

Academic Year 2018-19 Centre Code: 086 Examination : Mid Semester -1 Examination

Branch: Civil Engineering Semester: 6th Sub Code: 2160603

Sub: R.B.T.E Date: 31/01/2019 Time:9:00-10:00 Marks: 20

Q.1 Draw C/S of a B.G track in embankment for single and double line permanent way

as per IRS.

2

Q.2 Explain negative super elevation with neat sketch. 2

Q.3 What is gauge? Explain factor affecting selection of railway gauge. 3

Q.4 Explain survey carried out for track alignment. 3

Q.5 Explain conning of wheel with neat sketch. 2

Q.6 What is creep? Explain theories of creep with neat sketch. 3

Q.7 Q.8

Explain type of spike of with neat sketches. Explain component of railway track with neat sketch.

3 2

laxmi institute of technology, sarigam · laxmi institute of technology, sarigam approved by aicte,...

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