law of torts project 1st trimster

8/19/2019 Law of Torts Project 1st Trimster

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NATIONAL LAW

INSTITUTE

UNIVERSITY,BHOPAL(M.P.)

A

PROJECT ON

A DEFAMATION AS TORT

Submitted t!

Submitted b"!

D#.R$%i& '$#e

Dee#e 'um$# D*i&edi A+i$te P#e#

R-- N./01/B.A.LL.B.231


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/

It T#imete#,Se4t./01/

A+5*-ed6met

I *u-d -i5e t e74#e m" i+e#e t$5 t m" LAW OF TORTS te$+e# Dr. Rajiv Kumar Khare

# i &$-u$b-e u66eti 8 6uid$+e. I *u-d $- -i5e t t$5 m" ei# $ *e-- $ m"

#ied * $&e 6i&e tei# time-" e-4, e+u#$6emet $ *e-- $ +#iti+im du#i6 te

&$#iu t$6e te 4#%e+t, *itut *i+ it *u-d t $&e bee e$" t +m4-ete m"

t$5 mt-".

I $m $- t$5u- t my parents # tei# +t$t i4i#$ti 8 m#$- u44#t.


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TABLE OF CONTENT

TOPIC PAGE

NO.

• INTRODUCTION…………………………………………...……… 4

• OBJECTIVES………………………………………………………. 5

• DEFAATION! DEFINATION AND T"#ES………………….. $

• E%EENTS OF DEFAATION………………………………... &

• %ANDARK CASES........................................................................ &

• CASE OF STUD"'K.#a(a) Ka*+a) v.D.Kira) Kumar , A)…. -

• CONC%USION................................................................................... -/

• BIB%IO0RA#1"…………………………………………………. -2


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INTRODUCTION TO DEFAMATION

DEFAMATION:

De$m$ti i $ +i&i- *#6 t$t +m4#mie #e4ut$ti. Ti t#t ++u# *e

mee ee- t$t $te# 4e# (# #6$i;$ti) $ m$de t$temet #

+mmet t$t m$" $&e lowered the esteem i *i+ te" $#e e-d.

It i te +mmui+$ti $ t$temet t$t m$5e $ +-$im, e74#e-" t$ted #

im4-ied t be $+tu$-, t$t m$" 6i&e $ idi&idu$-, buie, 4#du+t, 6#u4,

6&e#met, # $ti $ e6$ti&e im$6e. It i uu$--" $ #e


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OBJECTIVES

Te 4#%e+t $im t di+u te ++e4t DEFAMATION t#u6 +$e e-d OR

$te# >$u$#" /010 i.e. +$e 4$ed b" te Su4#eme ?u#t Idi$ $d Hi6 ?u#t

&$#iu t$te. Te 4#%e+t $im t t#$+e te de&e-4met te #e+et %udi+i$-

t#ed i de$m$ti +$e $d it e&-uti i te 6#$du$- +u#e time.


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DEFAMATION: DEFINATION AND TYPES

De$m$ti i te publication $ t$temet *i+ #e@e+t $ 4e# #e4ut$ti

$d ted t -*e# im i te etim$ti #i6t=ti5i6 membe# +iet"

6ee#$--" # ted t m$5e tem u # $&id im.

De$m$ti i te t#t *i+ 4#te+t #e4ut$ti $d te +u#t $&e, m#e t$

e ++$i, t#eed t$t de$m$ti i te -" $44#4#i$te $+ti # te

&idi+$ti #e4ut$ti.

F# it#i+$- #e$ de$m$ti t$5e te #m t* e4$#$te t#t !

1.Libe-

/.S-$de#

Wete# te +$e i e -ibe- # -$de# te --*i6 e-emet mut be 4#&ed

b" te 4-$iti!

=Te t$temet mut be de$m$t#".

=It mut #ee# t te 4-$iti.

=It mut be 4ub-i i.e. +mmui+$ted t $t -e$t e 4e# te# t$ te 4-$iti.


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C

LIBEL! Libe- i deed $ de$m$ti b" *#itte # 4#ited *#d, 4i+tu#e, # i

$" #m te# t$ b" 45e *#d # 6etu#e.

Te -$* -ibe- #i6i$ted i te 1Ct +etu#" i E6-$d. Wit te 6#*t

4ub-i+$ti +$me te 6#*t -ibe- $d de&e-4met te t#t -ibe-.

A e$#-" e7$m4-e -ibe- *u-d be te +$e John Peter Zenger . e6e# *$ i#ed

t 4ub-i New York Weekly >u#$-. We e 4#ited $te# m$ $#ti+-e t$t

+#iti+i;ed Wi--i$m ?b", te 6&e## Ne* Y#5 $t te time, e6e# *$ $++ued

editiu -ibe-. Te &e#di+t i te 1C93 +$e *$ #etu#ed $ t 6ui-t" te

+$#6e editiu -ibe-, $&i6 4#&ed t$t $-- te t$temet e6e# $d

4ub-ied $but ?b" $d bee t#ue, te#e *$ t $ iue de$m$ti.

SLANDER! S-$de# i te 45e # t#$it#" #m de$m$ti +$#$+te#, $

-e6$- te#m t$t #ee# t $ $-ed 4#eeted $ t#ue *i+ +u-d $#m te

#e4ut$ti $ 4e# # etit". S-$de# $- e+m4$e bd" 6etu#e $ i te

+$e i6 -$6u$6e.

Te +mm -$* #i6i de$m$ti -ie i te t#t -$de#.

ELEMENTS OF DEFAMATION

Te eeti$- e-emet $ +-$im # de$m$ti b" -ibe- -$de# $#e!

Te deed$t b" *#iti6, 4#iti6 # #$--" m$de $ de$m$t#" t$temet $but te

4-$iti.

$)Te deed$t 4ub-ied te de$m$t#" t$temet

b)Te deed$t!

=5e* te t$temet *$ $-e $d de$med 4-$itiG #

=4ub-ied te t$temet i #e+5-e di#e6$#d *ete# te m$tte# *$ $-e $d

de$med 4-$itiG #

=$+ted e6-i6et-" i $i-i6 t -e$# *ete# te m$tte# 4ub-ied *$ $-e $d

de$med 4-$itiG

Eite# te 4ub-i+$ti +$ued 4-$iti t ue# 4e+i$- d$m$6e, # te t$temet

*$ de$m$t#" it $+e. Re+5-e di#e6$#d # *ete# te m$tte# *$ $-e


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$d de$med 4-$iti me$ t$t te deed$t mut $&e $d e#iu dubt

$but te t#utu-e te t$temet $t te time te 4ub-i+$ti.

Landmark cass

1. J!"n T"!mas #. Dr. $.Ja%dsan!=

I ti +$e te A4e7 ?u#t e-d t$t i $ de$m$t#" 4ub-i+$ti *$ m$de $6$it

$ 4#i&$te +m4$" # $ #e6ite#ed +iet", it di#e+t#membe# E7+uti&e B$#d

+u-d b#i6 $ $+ti be$- te +m4$"+iet".Te ?u#t be#&ed !

It mut be et$b-ied t$t te de$m$t#" *#d *e#e di#e+ted $6$it u+ $

+m4$" # #e6ite#ed +iet". I u+ $ itu$ti *e#e te de$m$ti $#ee#e+e t t te %u#iti+ -$6$- etit", te it $ut#i;ed +tituet

4e#$-itie ,u+ $ di#e+t# +u-d +-$im t $&e -+u t$di # -i6 $

uit.H*e&e#, *e $ $de$m$t#" t$temet $#e di#e+ted t $6$it te

itituti, i.e., $ +m4$" # #e6ite#ed +iet" , but $6$it te idi&idu$- i te

itituti, te u+ idi&idu$- *u-d t $&e te -+u t$di , $ it i $

d4u# 1.1/.1KCC

t$t Manjulata *et ut e# u te e$#-ie# i6t $t 11 4.m. te 4#ete7t

4 $ttedi6 i6t +-$e $d #$ $*$" *it $ b" $med Kamlesh.Se be-6 t

$ *e-- edu+$ted $mi-" $d *$ e#e- $ tudet B.A. +-$. Se *$ 1C "e$#

-d .Te e* item *$ ut#ue $d 4ub-ied *it utte# i##e4ibi-it" $d

*itut %uti+$ti.Su+ 4ub-i+$ti $d #eu-ted it e# bei6 #idi+u-ed $d $e+ted

e# m$##i$6e 4#4e+t.


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It *$ e-d t$t $-- de$m$t#" *#d $#e $+ti$b-e 4e# e $d i u+ $ +$e ,

6ee#$- d$m$6e *i-- be 4#eumed.Se *$ e-d etit-ed t $ $*$#d R.

10,000= b" *$" 6ee#$- d$m$6e.

9.Cass,d' #. Da,)' M,rr!r N-sar L*d.:+

I ti +$e Mr.Casiidy ($- 5* $ ?##i6$) *$ m$##ied t $ -$d" * +$--ed

e#e- Mrs.Cassidy # Mrs.Corrigan.Se *$ 5* $ te -$*u- *ie

M#.?$id" * didt -i&e *it e# but ++$i$--" +$me $d t$"ed *it e# $t

e# @$t. Te deed$t 4ub-ied i tei# e*4$4e# $ 4t6#$4 M#.?##i6$

$d Mi J, *it te --*i6 *#d ude#e$t ! JM#. M.?##i6$ ,te #$+e #e

*e# ,$d Mi J *e e6$6emet $ bee $u+ed. M#. ?##i6$ uedte deed$t # Libe- $--e6i6 t$t te innuendo *$ t$t M#. ?##iu6$ *$ t

e# ub$d $d e -i&ed *it e# i imm#$- +$bit$ti.Sme em$-e

$+


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$ +u#+*$#de $t Pe+5$m N e, ideed, *u-d $ume t$t >e i te

$tm4e#e Ld *u-d t$5e $ute#e $ %b $ te dutie $

+u#+*$#de. He#e, i te $tm4e#e Die44e, te F#e+ ide te

?$e-, e i te -ie $d u- $ 6$" -itt-e b$d t$t $ut te ?$i $d tu#

i6t it d$", beide bet#$"i6 $ mt u-" de-i6t i te +iet" em$-e

butte#@ie.

It i te b$i te $b&e t$temet, te $--e6$ti t$t te t$temet *$

de$m$t#" im, e Artemus Jones, $ b$##ite#, itituted te uit # #e+&e#"

d$m$6e. Te +$e 4ut #*$#d be$- te deed$t *$ t$t Artemus Jones

*$ #e$--" $ im$6i$#" # $ +ti$- $me i&eted # te 4u#4e te $#ti+-e i


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Cas !1 S*&d'

$. Pa-an $a)'an #. D. $,ran $&mar 2 Anr.

M$uAP023:/010

>ud6e!

S$mud#$-$ &id$#$%u-u, >.

Fac*s:+

Te 4etitie# # deed$t i $ +ie $#tit $d b#te# Te-u6u ?ie St$#

Chiranjeei, * #e+et-" et$b-ied e* 4-iti+$- 4$#t" b" $me !"raja #ajyam!

i ti St$te. A++ued *$ $44ited $ St$te P#eidet !$ua #ajyam! *i+ i

"ut *i6 te $id 4$#t". We#e$ te +m4-$i$t1t Re4det K."awan

Kalyan *$ $ 4#$+tii6 Ad&+$te i W$$4$#t" ?u#t $d $- &$#iu ?u#t $t

M$$bb$6$# $d H"de#$b$d. He *$ $ $+ti&e *#5e# i !ndian National

ongress P$#t".

It i $--e6ed t$t te $++ued m$de e&e#$- $--e6$ti $6$it ?6#e P$#t"

-e$de# de+#ibi6 tem $ Tie&e $d Bet#$"e# ?ut#" $d $ $&i6 +#imi$-

it#" $d t$t te $++ued +#iti+i;ed ?6#e P$#t" -e$de# idi+#imi$te-"

*itut $" b$i. N$tu#$--" te +t#&e#i$- 4ee+ te $++ued *$ 4ub-ied

i m$" Te-u6u d$i-" e*4$4e#. ?4ie "Andhra #hoomi" $d $enadu Te-u6u

d$i-" e*4$4e# d$ted 91.1/./00 *e#e -ed $-6 *it te +m4-$it i te -*e#?u#t. Te 4ee+ *$ m$de b" te $++ued 90.1/./00. A-mt te $me

d$te 4ub-i+$ti e* item, te +m4-$i$t 4#eeted te +m4-$it $6$it

te $++ued i te -*e# ?u#t. Ne* item 4ub-ied i te $b&e d$i-" e*

4$4e# d di+-e t -" e7+e#4t te 4ee+ but $- te7t 4ee+ te

$++ued b" *$" 6t $+ti.

http://fnopenjudges%28%277348%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%277348%27%29/


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1/

Iss&s:+

Wete# 4-$itiRe4det (%&Pawan %alyan) $d locus standi t -e +#imi$-

+m4-$it $ e *$ t $med b" A++ued i i 4ee+ $d t$t e +u-d t be

te#med $ $66#ie&ed 4$#t" *iti me$i6 Se+ti 1KK ?#P?.

=Ude# Se+ti 1KK ?#P?, -" $ 4e# $66#ie&ed +u-d m$it$i -i # +#imi$-

de$m$ti $d t$t i $--e6ed de#6$t#" t$temet # im4ut$ti *$ m$de

$6$it $ $+i$ti # +--e+ti 4e# $ u+, te $" membe# u+

$+i$ti # +--e+ti 4e# +u-d m$it$i $ +m4-$it # de$m$ti

be#e M$6it#$te i +$e membe# $id $+i$ti # +--e+ti 4e# *e#e

deite $d ideti$b-e.

D,sm,ss,n% *" C)a,mG=

Hb-e >ud6e!

S$mud#$-$ &id$#$%u-u, >.

?ide#i6 te &$#iu de+ii te Su4#eme ?u#t (%. Narasimhan . &.'.

Cho((a))a MANUS?011K1KC/ ! AIR 1KC/ S? /20K $d S. Khushboo .

Kannaimmal MANUS?0910/010 ! (/010)3 S?? 200), it +$ be dedu+ed t te

$e+t t$t ude# Se+ti 1KK ?de ?#imi$- P#+edu#e -" $ 4e# $66#ie&ed

+$ m$it$i -i # +#imi$- de$m$ti $d t$t i te $--e6ed de#6$t#"t$temet # im4ut$ti *$ m$de $6$it $ $+i$ti # +--e+ti 4e#

$ u+, te $" membe# u+ $+i$ti # +--e+ti 4e# +$ m$it$i

$ +m4-$it # de$m$ti be#e te M$6it#$te i +$e membe# te $id

$+i$ti # +--e+ti 4e# $#e deite $d ideti$b-e. I te +$e

$d, te Petitie#$++ued i t$ted t $&e m$de de#6$t#" #em$#5 #

im4ut$ti $6$it t -" te $med +6#e 4e#, but $- +6#eme i

6ee#$-. Ti i t $ +$e -i5e eite# '& Narasimhan or (& %hushboo *e#e te

$--e6ed de#6$t#" #em$#5 *e#e m$de $6$it te eti#e m$5id $ u+ $d t

$6$it $" idi&idu$- # $6$it $" membe# $+i$ti # +--e+ti

4e#. Te#e#e, tu6 te 4#i+i4-e -$id i tem $#e t i di4ute, $+t

#e-$ti6 t tem d t $#d $ 6uid$+e # $44-i+$ti te 4#i+i4-e t $+t

i te +$e $d. Te 4-$iti #e4det +-$im t be $ ?6#e 4$#t" *#5e#

i+e $ -6 time $d +-$im t be Yut ?6#e P#eidet W$$4$#t" m$d$-

4#e&iu-" $d +-$im t be itti6 ee#$- Se+#et$#" te Dit#i+t Yut ?6#e.

He i t -" $ +6#em$ but $- $ -+$- -e$de# te Yut *i6 i ?6#e

http://fnopenjudges%28%277348%27%29/http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0119/1972','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0310/2010','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16628','1');http://fnopenjudges%28%277348%27%29/http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0119/1972','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0310/2010','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16628','1');


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P$#t". Membe#i4 Idi$ N$ti$- ?6#e P$#t" i &e#i$b-e $d $+e#t$i$b-e.

I t$t &ie* te m$tte#, it +$t be $id t$t te +m4-$it -ed b" te

4-$itiRe4det i t m$it$i$b-e te 6#ud t$t e i t $ $66#ie&ed

4e#.

I te #eu-t, te ?#imi$- Petiti i dimied.

C!nc)&s,!n:+

Te t#t P#i&$te ui$+e $ t ee $ mu+ $+ti i Idi$ +m4$#ed t te#

t#t. Ti m$" 4#im$#i-" be due t te -$+5 $*$#ee.

H*e&e# te 4it t$t I ie##ed #m m" 4#%e+t $#e

1! T#ut i $ +mm dee+e t$5e i me +$e.

/! Mt +$e #e-$te t de$m$ti $#e $#m t 4e#$- #e4ut$ti.


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B,3),!%ra"':+

)& %& #angia, L$* T#t, A--$$b$d L$* A6e+", /00, F$#id$b$d.

AIR Su4#eme ?u#t /002=/00 d$t$b$e

***.m$u4$t#$.+m

***.*i5i4edi$.+m
http://www.manupatra.com/http://www.manupatra.com/

law of torts project 1st trimster

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