Launch List

• 1. Describe the Missouri Compromise.

• 2. What was the Gag Rule?

• 3. Why did Preston Brooks put Charles Sumner in a coma?

Picture/Polk

• James K. Polk, Democrat• President from 1845 to

1849•Responsible for the

Manifest Destiny•Expansionist

•Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great

Britain in 1846•Mexican Cession and

completed U.S. control of the continent from ocean

to ocean

Texas War of Independence1

Causes

1. Manifes

t Destiny

2. Texas

Question

Texas War of Independence1

Texas entered as a U.S. state

in 1845.Mexico vowed if

Texas became

part of the U.S., this would be an act of

war.One cause of the war

with Mexico in 1846.

Mexican War

Abolitionists on The Mexican War

• Believed this war was a conspiracy to spread slavery across the continent!

Map expansion

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo• Ends the Mexican American War

• Mexico gives the USA the Mexican Cession

• Rio Grande River boundary between U.S. and Mexico

• U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo• Ends the Mexican American War

• Mexico gives the USA the Mexican Cession

• Rio Grande River boundary between U.S. and Mexico

• U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Effects of the Mexican-American War

• 1. More land!

• 2. Increases debate over slavery.

Territorial Expansion

Anti-Slavery Movement

A Clash of Interests

A Clash of Interests- Major Question

• Should the New Territories be free or slave??

•Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850•Calif. A free state•Texas a Slave State•Enforce Fugitive Slave Laws

•Popular Sovereignty in new territories

•Stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.

Map Comp of 1850

Popular Sovereignty

Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether

they want slavery to exist or not in their

state.

Abolitionists refuse to enforce the Fugitive Slave

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s Cabin is

published

Underground Railroad becomes more active

ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND

Southerners threaten secession and warFug SL Law is in

Constitution protects property and Federal law is over State law.

5th AmendmentSupremacy Clause

SOUTHERNERS RESPOND

Gadsden Purchase1854.

Gadsden Purchase1854.

Gadsden Purchase1854.

Gadsden Purchase

• Was intended to allow for the construction of a southern route for a transcontinental railroad.

• Cost $10 million for the Gadsden land,

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Issue: 2 new Territories, should they be free or Slave?

Compromise: Stephen Douglas senator from Illinois

Kan. & Neb Act

•Stephen Douglas

•Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to popular sovereignty in return for building the railroad in the North.

Kan. & Neb Act

Map Bleeding Kan

Attacks by free-states

Attacks by pro-slavery states

(Led by John Brown)

• Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of

violence between pro-slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers.

•First violent outbreaks between north/south.

• First battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in 1856.

• Over 200 killed

• CAUSES

• Kansas and Nebraska were open to popular sovereignty.

• It became a race to see who could get more people there, Pro Slave or anti-slave people?

Map Bleeding Kan

Attacks by free-states

Attacks by pro-slavery states

(Led by John Brown)

• EFFECTS

•First violent outbreaks between north/south.

• “First battles of the Civil War “begin in

Kansas in 1856.

• Over 200 killed

•Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.•His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave.•He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time.•Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue• Can a slave sue for his freedom?• Is a slave property?• Is slavery legal?

Dred Scott Case

Chart/Effect of Scott

• Supreme Court hands down the Dred Scott decision

• North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law

• Free states pass personal liberty laws.

• Republicans claim the decision is not binding

• Southerners call on the North to accept the decision if the South is to remain in

the Union.

•Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are property.

•They are not citizens and have no legal right under the

Constitution.•Supreme Court

legalized slavery by saying that

•Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves to a new

territory•Missouri

Compromise and all other compromises

were unconstitutional

Reading/Scott decision

“They had (slaves) for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and altogether unfit to associate with the white race,

either in social or political relations; and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. This opinion was at that time

fixed and universal in the civilized portion of the white race.”

Chief Justice Roger B.Taney (1777 to 1864) in the case of Dred Scott

referred to the status of slaves when the Constitution was adopted.

•Violent abolitionist• Involved in the Bleeding

Kansas•Murdered 5 pro-slavery

men in Kansas•Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.

Picture/J.Brown

•Attacked a U.S. Ammunition

depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct.

of 1859 to capture weapons

and begin his slave revolt.

Picture/J.Brown

• Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee• Put on trial for treason.

Picture/J.Brown

• He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.

• His last words were to this effect: “I believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the

shedding of blood.”• Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.• Southerners were terrified that if

John Brown almost got away with this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to end

slavery.• South’s outcome: To leave the U.S.

and start their own country.

Picture/J.Brown Hanging