latin grammar indirect reflexives in indirect statement negō with indirect statement (grammar 4a,...
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Latin GrammarIndirect Reflexives in Indirect Statement
negō with Indirect Statement
(Grammar 4A, pp. 202-03)
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The Reflexive Prounon—
sē
suī
sibi
sē
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Direct Reflexives A direct reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of its own
clause. Both English and Latin have direct reflexives.
Marcus sē amat.
Marcus loves himself.
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Direct Reflexives
Marcus est sibi odiō.
Marcus is a source of hatred to himself.
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Indirect Reflexives In addition to direct reflexives, Latin has indirect
reflexives. English does not have these. An indirect reflexive is a reflexive in a subordinate
clause that refers not to the subject of its own clause but to the subject of a main clause.
Don’t worry if you don’t get this terminology. You’ll understand by example.
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Indirect Reflexives
Marcus scit Iūliam sē amāre.
Marcus knows that Julia loves herself.
Marcus scit Iuliam sē amāre
Marcus knows that Julia loves him.
DirectReflexive
IndirectReflexive
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Indirect Reflexives In fact, indirect reflexives are mandatory!
Marcus knows that Julia loves him.
Marcus scit Iūliam sē amāre
Marcus scit Iūliam eum amāre.
NOT Marcus
Marcus
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Indirect Reflexives Another example:
Marcus says that he will leave.
Marcus dīcit sē abitūrum esse.
Marcus dīcit eum abitūrum esse.
NOT Marcus
Marcus
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negō For some strange reason, Latin does not
like to say things like:Bill said that Mary did not eat.
Instead it says:Bill denied that Mary ate.
So Latin doesn’t like to say: “say…not.” Instead, it uses the Latin word for
“deny.”
Bill said that Mary did not eat.
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negō The word for “deny” in Latin is nēgō (1).
Marcus says that Julia doesn’t love him.
Marcus negat Iūliam sē amāre.